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The Study on Water Supply System for Siem Reap Region in Cambodia

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The Study on Water Supply System for Siem Reap Region in Cambodia JAPAN INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION AGENCY THE MINISTRY OF INDUSTRY, MINES AND ENERGY THE ROYAL GOVERNMENT OF CAMBODIA THE STUDY ON WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR SIEM REAP REGION IN CAMBODIA FINAL REPORT Vol. II MAIN REPORT JUNE 2000 NIPPON KOEI CO., LTD. NIHON SUIDO CONSULTANTS CO., LTD. LIST OF REPORTS Vol. I EXECUTIVE SUMMARY Vol. II MAIN REPORT Vol. III SUPPORTING REPORT Vol. IV DATA BOOK Exchange Rate Applied 1.00 US$= 3,800 Riels = 120.00 Yen (as of June 1999) N To Pakse LAOS THAILAND Banteay Meanchey To Bangkok Sisophon Stung Treng Lumphat Siem Reap Battambang Kompong Thom Kratie Senmonourom Kompong Pursat Chhnang Kompong Cham RN6A To Ho Chi Minh City Prok Tamak Krong Koh Kong Phnom Penh Komong Speu VIET NAM Prey Veng Svay Rieng Neak To Ho Chi Minh City GULF OF Takeo THAILAND Kampot Sihanoukville Scale 0 20 40 60 80 100 km LEGEND Viet Nam Laos Capital Capital of Province Thailand National Road Cambodia National Bounderies Provincial Bounderies Railway KEY MAP The Study on Water Supply System Location Map of Cambodia for Siem Reap Region in Cambodia Japan International Cooperation Agency N KINGDOM OF THAILAND Samrong Anlong Veaeng Chong Kal Varin BANTEAY Seri Snam PREAH MEANCHEY SIEM REAP PROVINCE VIHEAR Angkor Chum Kralanh Angkor Banteay Svay Leu Thom Srei Puok Prasat Siem Bakong Reap District Sotnikum Chi Kreng Lake Tononle Sap BATTAMBANG KOMPONG THOM PURSAT Legend PURSAT : Province Name Svay Leu : District Name Scale : Provincal Boundaries 300 60 km : District Boundaries : Siem Reap Town The Study on Water Supply System Location Map of Siem Reap Province for Siem Reap Region in Cambodia with District Names Japan International Cooperation Agency N ANGKOR THOM BANTEAY Angkor SREI West Baray Thom Nokor Thum Airport Kouk Chak Sla Kram PUOK Svay Dangkum Sala Sambuor Kamraeuk PRASAT BAKONG SIEM REAP DISTRICT Srangae Siem Reap (Commune) Chreav Chong Khnies LAKE TONLE SAP Legend SIEM REAP : District Name : Commune Boundaries : Social Survey Area Sla Kram: Commune Name 0 Scale 5 km : Water Supply Service Area : District Boundaries The Study on Water Supply System Location Map of Study Area for Siem Reap Region in Cambodia with Commune Names Japan International Cooperation Agency THE STUDY ON WATER SUPPLY SYSTEM FOR SIEM REAP REGION IN CAMBODIA FINAL REPORT Vol. II MAIN REPORT Table of Contents PREFACE LETTER OF TRANSMITTAL LOCATION MAPS Page CHAPTER 1 INTRODUCTION............................................................................................1-1 1.1 Background of the Study........................................................................................1-1 1.2 Objectives of the Study ..........................................................................................1-2 1.3 Actual Execution of the Study...............................................................................1-2 1.4 Organization of the Study.......................................................................................1-5 1.4.1 Japanese Organization..............................................................................1-5 1.4.2 Cambodian Organization .........................................................................1-6 CHAPTER 2 THE STUDY AREA........................................................................................2-1 2.1 Definition of the Study Area ..................................................................................2-1 2.2 Natural Conditions..................................................................................................2-1 2.3 Economic Conditions .............................................................................................2-1 2.4 Siem Reap Town .....................................................................................................2-2 2.5 Angkor Heritage......................................................................................................2-2 2.6 Potential Water Sources..........................................................................................2-3 CHAPTER 3 SURVEYS AND INVESTIGATIONS............................................................3-1 3.1 Topographic Survey ................................................................................................3-1 3.1.1 Geography and Topography in the Vicinity of the Study Area .............3-1 3.1.2 Topographic Survey for the Study...........................................................3-4 i 3.2 Hydrological Investigation......................................................................................3-5 3.2.1 Introduction ..............................................................................................3-5 3.2.2 Hydrological Condition of Siem Reap River..........................................3-6 3.2.3 Hydrological Condition of West Baray .................................................3-10 3.2.4 Hydrological Condition of Lake Tonle Sap...........................................3-10 3.3 Geological and Geotechnical Investigation .........................................................3-11 3.3.1 Geophysical Prospecting........................................................................3-11 3.3.2 Geology...................................................................................................3-12 3.4 Hydrogeological Investigation..............................................................................3-17 3.4.1 Simultaneous Groundwater Measurement ...........................................3-17 3.4.2 Pumping Test of Monitoring Well..........................................................3-19 3.4.3 Monitoring of Groundwater Level and Land Settlement.....................3-21 3.5 Water Quality.........................................................................................................3-23 3.5.1 West Baray ..............................................................................................3-24 3.5.2 Siem Reap River.....................................................................................3-26 3.5.3 Lake Tonle Sap........................................................................................3-27 3.5.4 Groundwater...........................................................................................3-28 3.5.5 Organic Contents and Trihalomethane Formation Potential................3-31 3.5.6 Turbidity..................................................................................................3-32 3.5.7 Confirmation of Fe and As Contents....................................................3-32 3.5.8 Conclusions ............................................................................................3-32 3.6 Social and Environmental Investigations.............................................................3-34 3.6.1 Urban Development and Tourism Plan .................................................3-34 3.6.2 Social Survey ..........................................................................................3-45 3.6.3 Environmental Investigation..................................................................3-60 CHAPTER 4 WATER SUPPLY MASTER PLAN................................................................4-1 4.1 Population, Service Area and Water Demand.......................................................4-1 4.1.1 Future Population Forecast......................................................................4-1 4.1.2 Service Area............................................................................................4-11 4.1.3 Water Demand........................................................................................4-16 ii 4.2 Development Potential of Water Sources............................................................4-29 4.2.1 West Baray .............................................................................................4-29 4.2.2 Siem Reap River.....................................................................................4-30 4.2.3 Lake Tonle Sap........................................................................................4-30 4.2.4 Ground water..........................................................................................4-31 4.3 Comparative Study on Alternative Water Sources .............................................4-59 4.3.1 Method of Comparison..........................................................................4-59 4.3.2 Alternatives .............................................................................................4-61 4.3.3 Cost Comparative Study........................................................................4-64 4.3.4 Comprehensive Comparison and Selection of the Best Alternative...............................................................................................4-68 4.4 Past and Present Public Water Supply System ...................................................4-69 4.4.1 Introduction ............................................................................................4-69 4.4.2 Old French System.................................................................................4-69 4.4.3 Old American System ............................................................................4-71 4.4.4 New French System ...............................................................................4-72 4.4.5 Recent Inauguration of the New French System..................................4-75 4.4.6 Selection of Pipeline to be Replaced .....................................................4-78 4.5 System Expansion Program on Siem Reap Water Supply.................................4-83
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