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This Paper Not to Be Cited Without Prior Reference to the Author This paper not to be cited without prior reference to the author. International Council for the C.M. 1983 / G:41 Exploration of the Sea Demersal Fish Commi ttee' Occurrence, gonad development and age distribution of the roughhead grenadier (Macrourus berglax Lacepede) (Gadiformes, Macrouridae) along the Continental slope of northern Norway • • by Jens-Eric Eliassen Institute of Fisheries, University of TromS0 P.O. Box 3083, N-9001 Troms0, Norway Abstract Roughhead grenadier (Macrourus berglax) is distributed over wide areas of the Continental slope of northern Norway. In selected areas 9.7 to 73 percent (average 24 percent) of the total catch ~as made up of this species, while Greenland halibut (E~in~ .b~..I..Q..t.b.i.Y'§ .b.iJ2.R.Q.g.l.Q'§'§.Qll~.Q) dom i nated ins0 me area s • In f emal e roughhead grenadier larger than 65 cm total length ovarian growth takes place from May to December, and spawning is suggested to occur in mid-winter. Analysis of gill net catches showed that males were younger and smaller than the females and that the sex­ ratio was 1 : 2.6 males to females. 1 Legrenadier (M~~~~~~~ ~~El~~) est diss~min~ sur de grandes parties de la pente du soele eontinental du nord de la Norvege. Dans des endroits selectionn~s, sur le total des prises, de 9.7 a 73 % (en moyenne 24 %) etaient de cette esp~ce, alors que fletan noire (~iDDgxg~~§ hiRDQ9~~§~~~) dominait dans quelques regions. Chez la fernelle de M.b.-e~ElllX mesurant plus de 65 cm de longueur totale le developpement des oeufs se d6roule de mai a decembre etla ponte est supposee' avoir lieu' au milieu de l'hiver. Les analyses du contenu des filets montraient que les m~les etaient plus jeunes et plus petits que les femelIes et que le rapport des sexes ~tait de 1 mSle pour 2.~ femelIes• • 1. INTRODUCTION Roughhead grenadier (M~~~~~ b.-e~l~~ Lacepede 1801) have li­ mited commercial importance in some parts of northern Norway and are taken as by-catch in.gill net, longline or trawl fisheries for Greenland halibut ~~hardthius hippoglQssoides). The fishe­ ry is located along the 'Continental slope at 500 - 900 m depth. until 1980 the roughhead grenadier was usually discarded, but in that year commercial interest increased and catches are now reported in the fisheries statistics• M;berglax is widely distributed along the Continental slopes of • the Northern Atlantie being found off the coasts of Greenland, Labrador, Newfound~and and Island and on the Island-Faroe ridge (PARSONS, 1976; MAGNUSSON, 1977; 1978; GEISTDOERFER, 1979a; '1979b) • Informations about M;berglax occuring on the Continental slope of Norway, Bear Island and the Spitzbergen area is given by COLLETT (1904), ANDRIYASHEV (1954), YANULOV (1962), GEISTDOERFER (1979b) and more recently by PECHENIK & TROYANOVSKII (1970), BAKKEN, LAHN-JOHANNESSEN & GJ0SßTER (1975) who have investigated commer­ cial potensial. 2 -- Catches of roughhead grenadier with trawl, both off Baffin Is­ land, Labrador, Newfoundland, Island and on the Island-Faroe ridge, are usually too small to be of commercial value (PECHENIK & TROYANOVSKII, 1970; PARSONS, 1976; BRIDGER, 1978). The aims of the present study were to obtain information about the distribu­ tion, abundance and general biology of roughhead grenadier both from a research and a commercial point of view. 2. MATERIALS MD METHODS During 1981 and 1982 a large-scale commercial fishery was insti­ gated with the aim of mapping roughhead grenadier (and Greenland • halibut) distributions along the slope of northern Norway (table 6-1). The commercial vessels were hired by the Regional Fisheries Officers in Troms and Nordland Counties. There were no attempts to standarize the fishing gears used in the different investiga­ tion areas, and the details of differences in fishing gear type and technical data of the equipment are given in table 6-1. Areas A, Fand G were studied in June and July, and area H in September 1982. The otheF. areas were investigated in September and October 1981. Average fishing time in the longline fishery (longline at bottom) was 4.5 hours (3 - 6 hours). In addition to the catch-statistics for each boat, fisheries statistics from The • Norwegian Raw Fish Associaton are used. The research areas for the commercial vessels were located along the slope of northern Norway from 66 0 N ,50 30' E to 71 0 30' N, 17 0 E (figure 6-1). In addi tion random sampIes of about 150 M;berglax were taken from the commercial net-catches in the area B during each month in the period from May to December 1981 and 1982. The material taken from these monthly sampIes was used in the study oE gonad development, age and weight-distribution. Age of M.berglax was estimated by reading sagittal otholiths. 3 L , 3. RESULTS 3.1. Distribution and catch composition During 1981 and 1982 the distribution and abundance of roughhead grenadier were investigated by commercial vessels in 8 different deep-sea areas along the Continental slope of northern Norway (figure 6-1). The results showed that M;b~~~l~~ was present,at all locations from 66 0 to 71 0 30' N. Total fish-length of M.. b~..t:~l..9~ ranged from 34 to 94 cm and size distributions varied wi th fishing gear selection, mesh-size and -type and hook-size • (figure 6-1, table 6-1) • The compositions of the ~ommercial catches in area A- H showed considerable variations with only 9.7 % roughhead grenadier in area A, 55 - 45 % of total catch in areas B, C, D and up to 75 % in area H (figure 6-2). Average catch composition for all areas was 2 4 % M. b..e.r.gllJS , 65 % .R.Lb,.iIH?.Q~ilß"§.Q.i.Q~ß and 11 % !h..b.L..9JHO..e. (figure 6-2). ~..t:.Q"§ID~ were only caught in areas A and H where this species made up about 23 % of total catch. The catch compo­ sition in the areas investigated is based on fishing at different depths and with different fishing effort (numbers.of nets, hooks and fishing time). Both the relative and the total catches are given in figure 6-2. Total catch of 1L...b~Ul..9JS was 149 t. in 1980,114 t. in 1981 and 67 t. in 1982 (figure 6-3). The landings of ~~L~l~Ä from the Continental slope show seasonal variations with almost no catches during winter and the main catch during summer and autumn. The total catches of ~~..t:~l..9Ä in 1981 and 1982 were small (fi­ gure 6-3) and the three hired commercial vessels landed 8.5 and 13.1 percent of the year's total catch during a three-week period in 1981 and 1982 respectively (table 3-1). 4 L Tab1e 3-1: Catches of roughhead grenadier (M.berg1ax) by 3 hired commercia1 vesse1s in relation to total catches of M;berg1ax in 1981 and 1982. =========================================================== YEAR TOTAL CATCHES FROM No OF FISHING- % OF CATCH COMMERCIAL HIRED TIME PR. TOTAL (kg) HIRED VESSEL VESSELS VESSEL CATCH (kg) (weeks) =========================================================== 1981 113.540 9617 3 2.5 8.5 • 1982 67.119 8766 3 3 13.1 =========================================================== 3.2. Catch pr unit effort. The differences in fishing methods employed during the course of the investigation means that it is impossible to make direct comparisons between the amounts of M.berg1ax present in all the 8 • ~reas. However, to compare the catches in the areas A, C and H a measure of catch pr unit effort is used which, for the longline areas, will be estimated as: kg M.b~I9~~~ pr 1000 hooks. The catches pr 1000 hooks show that there are variations both within and between areas (figure 6-4). The two subareas A3 and H2 had ~ignificantly higher concentrations (61.0 kg pr 1000 hooks) of roughhead grenadier than the other subareas (18.0 kg pr 1000 hooks) (P < 0.001) (figure 6-4). The number of hooks used in these two subareas was 21600 and 25750 respectively (figure 6-4). 5 • The average catches pr 1000 hooks for the areas A, C and H were 22.3, 38.1 and 44.5 kg's respectively (figure 6-4), and these average catches could indicate a difference in concentration of M.berglax between the areas. A statistical test (table 6-2) shows that such a difference is not significant for the areas A and C. The total number of hooks used in these areas was 155040 for A, 37800 for C and 38100 for the H-area (figure 6-4). A similar test for differences in catch pr unit effort between the longline areas A/C and H was not carried out because only two trials could be done in area H during three weeks in September 1982 due to bad weather conditions. 3.3. Gonad growth • • The ovaries of mature roughhead grenadier show a growth in weight during the period May toDecember (figure 6-5). During the early stages in the investigation there was no routine method for age estimation of M.berglax and, therefore, the catches were divided into length-groups for the purpose of analysing ovary-growth (figure 6-5). The results indicate that female ~~~~Z less than 65 cm total fish length sho~ed no increase in ovary weight during the 8 month-period: May - December (figure 6-5). In fishes larger than 65 cm the ovaries grew throughout the autumn. Larger fishes also showed a faster growth of ovaries·and reached a • larger total ovary-weight (figure 6-5) • 3'.4. Age and weight of Miberglax from commercial gi11 net catchest The age-distributions of male and female roughhead grenadier showed clear differences between the two sexes (figure 6-6).
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