Fraxinus Excelsior

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ASH TREE (Part 1) (Fraxinus excelsior ) Crann Fuinnseog Another of our native trees, the Ash supports 41 invertebrate species. We invite reader’s to take note of some branches where ‘keys’(seeds) are set in late Autumn and monitor same for flowers next Spring. Ash’s scientific name translates both the ash tree and javelin ( excelsior ); giving us ‘very lofty’ or ‘sublime’. The tree of life to the Celt. To the Roman and earlier Greek classical world – ‘Venus of the Woods’. Our ancient Irish Ogham alphabet, rather than A,B,C commenced B,L,N pronounced Beith, Luis, Nin (also Nuin) and giving us the Birch, Rowanberry and Ash. The T.C.D 9th century Brehon Law manuscript records ash as ‘Uinnius’ and names it among the seven Chieftain Trees – our most commanding of timber trees. It yielded oars, fodder, furniture (when ruling, kings must be seated on a throne of ash), charcoal, hurley sticks, spear shafts, yellow dye and in our day snooker cues. In our central alkaline rich midlands, ash attains up to 40 metres. Our single most nutrient demanding tree of the forest requires four times more macro-nutrients than our oak. Field guides suggest average ash longevity circa 200 years – author recorded 370 annual rings of an ash blown down during the 1997 Christmas week hurricane in the vicinity of Macroom. Our most iconic ash grew at Uisneach (centre of Ireland) – “And it was surely known to you That here the Ash of Uisneach grew, The lordliest tree of forest kind That flung it’s boughs to wave on wind, Counted by chroniclers of kings Among our Isle’s most precious things. It sprang a seedling on the morn That Con of the Hundred Fights was born ! And whilst kings reigned from Con descended, This ash tree grew to stature splendid...” Ash Tree of Uisneach, penned c 1898 In a 10 year research programme co-funded by the GAA and published in 1996, we learn of an extremely rare ‘ecological development’ in ash – heretofore understood to be present in separate gender plants – ash branches now bear both male and female flowers; dense purplish clusters that emerge before the foliage. More bafflingly, the same branch can bear male one year and female the following. Science explains it as sexual confusion – living on our little known planet, it would be less unedifying to interpret or describe ash’s decisions as ‘evolutionary adaptation’. Like our rowan tree, ash leaves are pinnate – seven pairs of deeply toothed leaflets on a central stem. It’s fertilised seeds require two winters to germinate. Our abundance of ash seedlings this spring suggests a ‘mast year’ in 2018. As EU pressure mounts to clean up our contaminated sites, ash (only after willow) can endure low O 2 conditions, eg planting on capped landfill sites. Our elders reckoned ‘Ash before Oak a summer soak; Oak before Ash a summer splash’. Though carbon concentrations will alter the rate and energy of tree growth, our ash remains the last of our native trees to flush and, traditionally, our first to shed it’s pale green canopy. Ted Cook .

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Tree Identification Guide
2048 OPAL guide to deciduous trees_Invertebrates 592 x 210 copy 17/04/2015 18:39 Page 1 Tree Rowan Elder Beech Whitebeam Cherry Willow Identification Guide Sorbus aucuparia Sambucus nigra Fagus sylvatica Sorbus aria Prunus species Salix species This guide can be used for the OPAL Tree Health Survey and OPAL Air Survey Oak Ash Quercus species Fraxinus excelsior Maple Hawthorn Hornbeam Crab apple Birch Poplar Acer species Crataegus monogyna Carpinus betulus Malus sylvatica Betula species Populus species Horse chestnut Sycamore Aesculus hippocastanum Acer pseudoplatanus London Plane Sweet chestnut Hazel Lime Elm Alder Platanus x acerifolia Castanea sativa Corylus avellana Tilia species Ulmus species Alnus species 2048 OPAL guide to deciduous trees_Invertebrates 592 x 210 copy 17/04/2015 18:39 Page 1 Tree Rowan Elder Beech Whitebeam Cherry Willow Identification Guide Sorbus aucuparia Sambucus nigra Fagus sylvatica Sorbus aria Prunus species Salix species This guide can be used for the OPAL Tree Health Survey and OPAL Air Survey Oak Ash Quercus species Fraxinus excelsior Maple Hawthorn Hornbeam Crab apple Birch Poplar Acer species Crataegus montana Carpinus betulus Malus sylvatica Betula species Populus species Horse chestnut Sycamore Aesculus hippocastanum Acer pseudoplatanus London Plane Sweet chestnut Hazel Lime Elm Alder Platanus x acerifolia Castanea sativa Corylus avellana Tilia species Ulmus species Alnus species 2048 OPAL guide to deciduous trees_Invertebrates 592 x 210 copy 17/04/2015 18:39 Page 2 ‹ ‹ Start here Is the leaf at least
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Ash Treeleavesthatunfurlinspringare Darker Greyandformingdeepcrackswithage
Ash © Robert Graham. Latin name Fraxinus excelsior Fraxinus excelsior buds, Fraxinus excelsior fruits © Sten Porse, How to spot Fraxinus excelsior The ash tree is deciduous, so it drops all its leaves and stands bare in Winter. It is still easily identified without leaves by smooth Left to right: grey twigs that hold sooty, black leaf buds. The bark of a young ash tree is smooth and greenish-grey, turning ASH FACTSHEET ASH darker grey and forming deep cracks with age. Ash tree leaves that unfurl in Spring are compound, divided into pairs of leaflets along a long leaf stalk. They usually have 3-6 pairs of light green pointed leaflets with a single leaflet at the Compound leaves end of the leaf. are made up of many smaller leaves called In late Summer they have large clusters of leaflets that are joined green winged fruits known as ‘keys’ that turn to a single stem. brown after the leaves have fallen in Autumn. Our UK native ash tree can grow to be one of the tallest trees in a woodland reaching up to 40m in height. Where it grows Ash trees often grow in groups and can be found in woods, along hedgerows and in streets and parks. It is one of the UK’s most abundant trees, although less common in northern Scotland. Registered charity 294344 and SC038885 Supporting the Woodland Trust’s Nature’s Calendar project Don’t confuse it with Rowan (Sorbus aucuparia) Rowan trees have similar shaped leaves that could easily be mistaken for ash © Jonik. leaves, but the trees are much smaller and more compact.
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AP Human Geography
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Visitor's Brochure
SELECTED BOOK LIST The Marble Faun, 1924 The Hamlet, 1940 Soldiers’ Pay, 1926 Go Down, Moses, 1942 Mosquitoes, 1927 Intruder in the Dust, 1948 Sartoris, 1929 Knight’s Gambit, 1949 The Sound and the Fury, 1929 Collected Stories, 1950 (National Book Award) As I Lay Dying, 1930 Requiem for a Nun, 1951 Sanctuary, 1931 A Fable, 1954 These 13, 1931 (awarded a Pulitzer Light in August, 1932 Prize and a National Book Award) Doctor Martino and Other Stories, 1934 The Town, 1957 Pylon, 1935 The Mansion, 1959 Absalom, Absalom!, 1936 The Reivers, 1962 (awarded a Pulitzer Prize) The Unvanquished, 1938 Flags in the Dust, 1973 The Wild Palms, 1939 (posthumous publication) Further reading on Rowan Oak and William Faulkner: Faulkner’s World, the Photographs of Martin J. Dain One Matchless Time, Jay Parini William Faulkner, a Biography, Joseph Blotner Every Day by the Sun, Dean Faulkner Wells FOR MORE INFORMATION: c/o Rowan Oak The University of Mississippi Museum and Historic Houses P.O. BOX 1848 UNIVERSITY, MS 38677 662-234-3284 | MUSEUM.OLEMISS.EDU/ROWAN-OAK © The University of Mississippi HOURS OF OPERATION January–May: Tues.–Sat. 10 a.m.–4 p.m., Sun. 1–4 p.m. Closed on Mondays. June and July: Mon.–Sat. 10 a.m.–6 p.m., Sun. 1–6 p.m. Closed July 4, Thanksgiving, December 24–25, December 31, and January 1. Tour groups, school groups, and handicapped persons are encouraged to make arrangements in advance by calling 662-234-3284. Fire regulations prohibit groups larger than 40 inside the house. Smoking is not allowed in the house, on the grounds, or in Bailey Woods.
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Rowan Oak, Faulknerâ•Žs Golden Bough
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