Inhalant Use Disorder

Inhalant Use Disorder 1) Which of the following is the definition of volatile? a) The ability to evaporate and form a vapor. b) Resistance to flow. c) Decrease in temperature when compressed. d) The ability to change from a gas to a liquid. 2) Which of the following are commonly abused in inhalant use disorder? a) Cocaine, gasoline. b) Typewriter correction fluid, spray paint. c) Paint thinner, methamphetamine. d) Water-based paint, paint strippers. 3) Volatile solvents are a) slowly absorbed through the gut. b) rapidly absorbed through the skin c) usually injected d) rapidly absorbed through the lungs. 4) Which of these terms describe how inhalants are used? a) Bagging, huffing, and sniffing. b) Snorting, smoking, and gumming. c) Shooting, huffing, and rocking. d) Bagging, amping, and freebasing. ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com 5) Which of the following is a common effect of acute inhalant intoxication? a) Myocardial infarction. b) Drowsiness. c) Congestive heart failure. d) Liver damage. 6) Common pulmonary effects of acute inhalant intoxication can include a) left to right shunt. b) atelectasis. c) pneumothorax d) respiratory depression. 7) Pulmonary effects of acute inhalant intoxication can include a) airway damage. b) tracheo-esophageal fistula. c) pulmonary fibrosis. d) viral infections. 8) Inhalants that contain methylene chloride can cause a) carbon monoxide poisoning. b) methemoglobinemia. c) renal tubular acidosis. d) hyperkalemia and hyponatremia. ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com 9) Sudden death cause by inhalant use a) very common. b) happens only to young females. c) is very uncommon. d) only happens after Freon use. 10) The primary treatment for acute inhalant intoxication is a) IV fluids and benzodiazepines. b) Methylene blue and oxygen. c) Airway control and corticosteroids. d) symptomatic/supportive care. ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com ce4less.com .

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Preventing Inhalant Abuse
A Parent’s Guide to 800.232.4424 (Voice/TTY) 860.793.9813 (Fax) www.ctclearinghouse.org Preventing Inhalant Abuse A Library and Resource Center on Alcohol, Tobacco, Other Drugs, Mental Health and Wellness Inhalant Abuse: It's Deadly. Inhalant abuse can What are the effects of inhalant abuse? kill. Sniffing can cause sickness and death. For example, It can kill suddenly, and it can kill those who sniff for victims may become nauseated, forgetful, and unable the first time. to see things clearly. Victims may lose control of their body, including the use of arms and legs. These effects Every year, young people in this country die of can last 15 to 45 minutes after sniffing. inhalant abuse. Hundreds suffer severe consequences, including permanent brain damage, loss of muscle In addition, sniffing can severely damage many parts control, and destruction of the heart, blood, kidney, of the body, including the brain, heart, liver, kidneys, liver, nerves, and bone marrow. and nerves. Ordinary household products, which can Even worse, victims can die suddenly -- without any be safely used for legitimate purposes, warning. "Sudden Sniffing Death Syndrome" can occur can be problematic in the hands of an during or right after sniffing. The heart begins to inhalant abuser. overwork, beating rapidly but unevenly, which can lead to cardiac arrest. Even first-time abusers have Today more than 1,000 common household products been known to die from sniffing inhalants. are commonly abused. The National Institute on Drug Abuse reported that one in five American teenagers How can you tell if a young person is an inhalant have used inhalants to get high.
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Inhalant Abuse Pediatric Care
CLINICAL REPORT Guidance for the Clinician in Rendering Inhalant Abuse Pediatric Care Janet F. Williams, MD, Michael Storck, MD, and the Committee on Substance Abuse and Committee on Native American Child Health ABSTRACT Inhalant abuse is the intentional inhalation of a volatile substance for the purpose of achieving an altered mental state. As an important, yet-underrecognized form of substance abuse, inhalant abuse crosses all demographic, ethnic, and socioeco- nomic boundaries, causing significant morbidity and mortality in school-aged and older children. This clinical report reviews key aspects of inhalant abuse, empha- sizes the need for greater awareness, and offers advice regarding the pediatrician’s role in the prevention and management of this substance abuse problem. TYPES OF CHEMICALS AND PRODUCTS ABUSED The term “inhalant” encompasses a wide range of pharmacologically diverse substances that readily vaporize. Most other substances of abuse are classified by grouping together substances that share a specific central nervous system action or perceived psychoactive effect, but inhalant substances that are abused are grouped by having a common route of drug use. Inhalant abuse, sometimes referred to as solvent or volatile substance abuse, can be better understood when the expansive list of inhalants is classified into 3 groups on the basis of what is currently known pharmacologically: group I includes volatile solvents, fuels, and anesthetics; group II includes nitrous oxide; and group III includes volatile alkyl nitrites (Table 1). This classification is also consistent with reported differences in user populations, patterns of abuse, and associated problems seen clinically.1–3 Drugs that do not www.pediatrics.org/cgi/doi/10.1542/ readily vaporize at room temperature, such as cocaine, heroin, nicotine, or alcohol, peds.2007-0470 can also be abused through inhalation, but characteristic pharmacologic properties doi:10.1542/peds.2007-0470 distinguish these substances from inhalants.
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The Truth About Inhalants (PDF)
POISONPOISON n © Paul Hardy/CORBIS. n © Paul VAPORS:VAPORS: THETHE TRUTHTRUTH ABOUTABOUT INHALANTSINHALANTS Inhalants can cause harm to the whole body, including long-lasting damage to the brain, physical disabilities, and even death. Photo credits: spray from aerosol can © Hardy/zefa/CORBIS; household products inset © Custom Medical Stock Photo; ball and chai from aerosol can © Hardy/zefa/CORBIS; Photo credits: spray I FROM SCHOLASTIC AND THE SCIENTISTS OF THE NATIONAL INSTITUTE ON DRUG ABUSE, NATIONAL INSTITUTES OF HEALTH, U.S. DEPARTMENT OF HEALTH AND HUMAN SERVICES WWW.SCHOLASTIC.COM/HEADSUP One Harmful Effect of Inhalants WHAT IS AN INHALANT? Inhalants destroy nerve fibers throughout an inhalant abuser's Inhalants are toxic—that is, poisonous—chemical vapors that can be misused brain, which can lead to muscle to produce mind-altering effects, often with disastrous results. spasms and difficulty with basic These harmful vapors can be found in a variety of common household activities like walking and talking. and office products, including nail polish remover, gasoline, aerosol sprays, How do inhalants destroy nerve correction fluid, whipped cream canisters, computer spray cleaners, paint fibers? Primarily by causing the myelin around them to deteriorate. thinners, and markers. Even when used for their intended purposes, such as Myelin is typically found in a thick cleaning or painting, these products are so toxic that they are recommended layer around the axons, the long for use only in well-ventilated areas. That’s to prevent people from parts of nerve fibers through which accidentally breathing in the poison. When they are intentionally inhaled in impulses flow.
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Inhalant Abuse Prevent Inhalant Abuse: • Keep Victim Calm
PROTECT YOUR CHILDREN WHAT TO DO WHEN FROM INHALANTS SOMEONE IS HUFFING • Remain calm. INHAlaNt ABuse Prevent inhalant abuse: • Keep victim calm. • Do not argue with user! When someone ■ Talk to your teenagers about the dangers is high on inhalants, stress can cause the of inhalants. heart to stop. ■ Demonstrate safe use of medicines and • If the victim won’t wake up, is not household products. Teach children to breathing, or is having seizures, be careful – these are poisons if used the call 911. wrong way. • If there are other symptoms, or no symptoms, call Poison Control. ■ Include inhalants when you teach about substance abuse (drugs, alcohol,tobacco). TO LEARN MORE ABOUT Inhalants are poisons, pollutants, and fire INHALANTS hazards. But, they have drug-like effects. They can kill if used the wrong way. For a poison emergency, and for ■ Keep track of inhalants in your home. questions about inhalants and Where are they? Are they being used up other poisons: too quickly? Call Poison Control at 1-800-222-1222 or log on to webPOISONCONTROL.org. Detect inhalant abuse: Poison help is free and confidential. Expert ■ Are large quantities of household help is available 24 hours a day. products purchased or missing? What parents need ■ Do you find stashes of plastic bags, smelly to know about rags, or empty containers? ■ Does your child have rashes on the face or INHALANTS a chronic sore throat or mouth? ■ Do you smell a chemical odor on your child’s breath or clothes? ■ Are there other signs of substance abuse? • changes in behavior, friends, grades, or grooming • changes in weight or health for no obvious reason 1-800-222-1222 webPOISONCONTROL.org webPOISONCONTROL.org INHALANT ABUSE THE POISONS ARE RIGHT INHALANTS KILL UNDER YOUR NOSE… What is it? The first time, Inhalant abuse means trying to get high …and also under your sink, in your shed or or any time, by breathing in vapors, fumes, or aero- garage or workroom, in your office, and in sol sprays.
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OREGON LAWS 2015 Chap. 158
OREGON LAWS 2015 Chap. 158 CHAPTER 158 product is marketed and sold solely for the ap- proved purpose; and AN ACT HB 2546 (ii) Tobacco products. (b) “Tobacco products” means: Relating to inhalants; creating new provisions; (A) Bidis, cigars, cheroots, stogies, periques, amending ORS 163.575, 163.580, 165.800, 165.813, granulated, plug cut, crimp cut, ready rubbed 167.400, 167.401, 167.402, 167.404, 167.407, 339.883, and other smoking tobacco, snuff, snuff flour, 421.352, 431.840, 431.845, 431.853, 433.835, 433.840, cavendish, plug and twist tobacco, fine-cut and 433.845, 433.847, 433.850, 433.855, 433.870, 441.815, other chewing tobaccos, shorts, refuse scraps, 565.456, 807.500 and 811.193; repealing ORS clippings, cuttings and sweepings of tobacco and 192.710, 192.990, 243.345 and 243.350; and declar- other forms of tobacco, prepared in a manner ing an emergency. that makes the tobacco suitable for chewing or Be It Enacted by the People of the State of Or- smoking in a pipe or otherwise, or for both egon: chewing and smoking; or (B) Cigarettes as defined in ORS 323.010 (1). SALES AND DISTRIBUTION (2) It is unlawful: (a) To distribute, sell or allow to be sold to- bacco products or an inhalant delivery system to a person under 18 years of age. SECTION 1. ORS 431.840, as amended by sec- (b) To fail as a retailer of tobacco products tion 2, chapter 20, Oregon Laws 2014, is amended to to post a notice substantially similar to the no- read: tice described in subsection (3) of this section in 431.840.
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Assessing the Nutritional Value of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia Illucens) Used for Reptile Foods Kimberly L
Louisiana State University LSU Digital Commons LSU Master's Theses Graduate School April 2019 Assessing the Nutritional Value of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Used for Reptile Foods Kimberly L. Boykin Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses Part of the Other Veterinary Medicine Commons Recommended Citation Boykin, Kimberly L., "Assessing the Nutritional Value of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (Hermetia illucens) Used for Reptile Foods" (2019). LSU Master's Theses. 4927. https://digitalcommons.lsu.edu/gradschool_theses/4927 This Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Graduate School at LSU Digital Commons. It has been accepted for inclusion in LSU Master's Theses by an authorized graduate school editor of LSU Digital Commons. For more information, please contact [email protected]. ASSESSING THE NUTRITIONAL VALUE OF BLACK SOLDIER FLY LARVAE (HERMETIA ILLUCENS) USED FOR REPTILE FOODS A Thesis Submitted to the Graduate Faculty of the Louisiana State University and Agricultural and Mechanical College in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Science in The Department of Veterinary Sciences by Kimberly Lynne Boykin B.S., Florida State University, 2008 D.V.M., North Carolina State University, 2016 May 2019 ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS I am greatly indebted to a number of individuals whose expertise and support have been instrumental in helping me reach the completion of my thesis research. Foremost, I would like to express my sincerest gratitude to my major professor/advisor/ life coach, Dr. Mark Mitchell. If it were not for his continued enthusiasm, motivation, and guidance, I would not be where I am today.
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House Bill 2261 Sponsored by Representative MARSH, Senator TAYLOR (At the Request of Attorney General Ellen F
81st OREGON LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY--2021 Regular Session House Bill 2261 Sponsored by Representative MARSH, Senator TAYLOR (at the request of Attorney General Ellen F. Rosenblum) (Presession filed.) SUMMARY The following summary is not prepared by the sponsors of the measure and is not a part of the body thereof subject to consideration by the Legislative Assembly. It is an editor’s brief statement of the essential features of the measure as introduced. Prohibits remote sales of inhalant delivery systems. Defines “inhalant delivery system.” Substi- tutes “21 years of age” for “the legal minimum purchase age.” Requires tobacco retailer to obtain local license if operating in jurisdiction with local license requirement. 1 A BILL FOR AN ACT 2 Relating to items for which a person must obtain a minimum age to purchase; creating new pro- 3 visions; amending ORS 167.760, 180.405, 180.441, 180.451, 180.468, 323.700, 323.703, 323.706, 4 323.709, 323.712, 323.715 and 323.724; and repealing ORS 323.718. 5 Be It Enacted by the People of the State of Oregon: 6 SECTION 1. ORS 167.760 is amended to read: 7 167.760. (1) Except as provided in subsection (2) of this section, a person under 21 years of age 8 may not purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products or an inhalant delivery system. 9 (2) A person under 21 years of age who is acting under the supervision of a person 21 years of 10 age or older may purchase or attempt to purchase tobacco products or an inhalant delivery system 11 for the purpose of testing compliance with a federal law, state law, local law or retailer policy lim- 12 iting or regulating the distribution or sale of tobacco products or inhalant delivery systems to per- 13 sons who are under [the legal minimum purchase age] 21 years of age.
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Inhalant Delivery System Laws and Rules Report to the 2019 Oregon Legislature Review of Scientific Evidence and Regulatory Context
2019 Inhalant Delivery System Laws and Rules Report to the 2019 Oregon Legislature Review of Scientific Evidence and Regulatory Context PUBLIC HEALTH DIVISION Acknowledgments This publication was prepared by the Health Promotion and Chronic Disease Prevention Section of the Oregon Health Authority Public Health Division, including: Sharon Coryell, MPH Sarah Hargand, MPH Tara Weston, MPH Sarah Wylie, MPH Oversight provided by: Thomas Jeanne, MD, MPH Todd Beran, MA This report relied on the efforts of additional Oregon Public Health Division Staff, including: Anne Celovsky, MPH Meghan Mccausland, MPH Beth Vorderstrasse, MPH In addition, we are grateful for the review and contributions of the following people: Shannon O’Fallon, JD, Oregon Department of Justice Michael Tynan, MA, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Office on Smoking and Health Brian King, PhD, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention – Office on Smoking and Health The content of this report draws from extensive literature reviews completed recently by the National Academy of Sciences and the U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. These reports are cited here and throughout this report as appropriate. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services. E-Cigarette Use Among Youth and Young Adults. A report of the Surgeon General. Atlanta, GA: U.S. Department of Health and Human Services, Centers for Disease Control and Prevention, National Center for Chronic Disease Prevention and Health Promotion, Office on Smoking and Health, 2016. National Academy of Sciences. Public Health Consequences of E-Cigarettes. A consensus study report of the National Academies of Sciences, Engineering, and Medicine. Washington, D.C. National Academy of Sciences, Board on Population Health and Public Health Practice, Health and Medicine Division, 2018.
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Rural Families Use of Herbs And/Or Health Foods
Rural families use of herbs and/or health foods: a descriptive study by Laura Lee Phillips A thesis submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of MASTER OF NURSING Montana State University © Copyright by Laura Lee Phillips (1982) Abstract: To identify what herbs and/or health foods farm-ranch family members are using for preventive or therapeutic health care was the purpose of the study. The conceptual scheme primarily utilized Rogers (1980) theory of nursing, "unitary man and environment," as a central, holistic, and humanistic nursing approach for individuals who use nutritional measures for health care. The sample was 25 rural women from Teton County and included a group of Hutterite women. The informants were self-confirmed herb and/or health food users. A personal interview questionnaire was developed from nutrition survey tools from books by Pelletier (1980) and Yura and Walsh (1978). Spradley's (1979) ethnographic interview techniques were utilized during personal interviews and for collection of background data for the study. Data analysis revealed the following: the major informants were middle class, were between 27 and 87 years of age (average age 55 years), had at least a high school education, were married, had families, and were active in some part of the farm-ranch industry. All informants primarily used fresh, home grown, chemically untreated food products. All informants used some nutrient supplement, and most preparations had high potency contents. Some informants took dosages of nutrients considered to be toxic by scientists. Herbs (106 different herbs) were used for medicinal purposes for their diuretic, cathartic, sedative, and aromatic effects.
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Solvents/Inhalants Information for Health Professionals
Solvents/Inhalants Information for Health Professionals Introduction Inhalants compromise a wide variety of vapours, gases, and aerosols that can be inhaled to induce psychoactive (mind-altering) effects. Unlike other drugs, inhalants are available as legal products with low costs and wide availability. Examples include commercial products such as nail polish remover, hair sprays, lighter fluid, cleaning fluids, vegetable frying pan lubricants, and spray paints. These chemicals can be sniffed or inhaled because they are gaseous at room temperature and pressure. “Inhalant” is a general term that includes all substances used in this way. Most inhalants are volatile solvents, which are liquids that easily vaporize at room temperature and can contain many different chemicals that may be psychoactive. The majority of these solvents are produced from petroleum and natural gas. They have an enormous number of industrial, commercial and household uses, and are found in automobile fuels, cleaning fluids, toiletries, adhesives and fillers, paints, paint thinners, felt-tip markers, and many other products. In addition to volatile solvents, aerosols (hair spray, paint spray) can be abused as inhalants. Other inhalants include the nitrites (amyl and butyl, “poppers”, “Rush”) and gases such as the anesthetics nitrous oxide (laughing gas) and ether. Inhalants can be breathed in through the nose or mouth in a variety of ways, including spraying aerosols directly into the nose or mouth, “sniffing” or "snorting” fumes from containers, inhaling from balloons filled with nitrous oxide, “huffing” from an inhalant-soaked rag stuffed in the mouth, or “bagging”- pouring the substance over a cloth or into a plastic bag and breathing in the vapours.
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The Role of Opioid Overdoses in Confirmed Maternal Deaths, 2012
The Role of Opioid Overdoses in Confirmed Maternal Deaths, 2012-2015 Introduction The Department of State Health Services (DSHS) conducted an analysis of maternal deaths resulting from drug overdoses from 2012-2015, to determine whether any opioid use was involved. The analysis included drug overdose codes, as well as cause-of-death narratives found on death certificates. While codes can identify drug overdose as the underlying cause of death, they are not precise enough to identify the specific drugs that led to each overdose. For this reason, a detailed search for any drug terminology was performed on the narrative text appearing on the death certificate, to determine whether a drug overdose was potentially related to opioid use. Opioids may be captured within death certificate narratives in different ways, with the ‘opioid’ drug category simply listed, or with more specific substances listed, such as heroin or fentanyl. This variation is not only due to opioids being naturally and non-naturally occurring substances, but also because they include both prescribed and illicit substances. Opioids range from naturally-occurring drugs (morphine) to those with various levels of synthetic additives combined with an opioid to have a morphine-like effect. Heroin is considered a semi-synthetic opioid, while fentanyl is considered to be a fully synthetic opioid. Overview of Results Previous investigations by DSHS determined that 64 of 382 confirmed maternal deaths were due to drug overdose.1 This accounted for the most frequent accidental cause of maternal death in Texas during 2012-2015, with almost 80% of these deaths occurring after 60 days postpartum.
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Review of Nitrous Oxide Intoxication
DOI：10.6314/JIMT.202106_32(3).04 內科學誌 2021：32：180-184 Review of Nitrous Oxide Intoxication Min-Feng Tseng1,2,3, Chia-Hsien Feng1,4, Yi-Ching Lin1,5,6,7, Chen-Yi Liao3,8, and Chia-Chao Wu3 1Ph.D. Program in Toxicology, 4Department of Fragrance and Cosmetic Science, College of Pharmacy, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 2Department of Internal Medicine, Zuoying Branch of Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 3Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Tri-Service General Hospital, National Defense Medical Center, Taipei, Taiwan; 5Department of Laboratory Medicine, 7Department of Pediatrics, Kaohsiung Medical University Hospital, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 6Department of Laboratory Medicine, School of Medicine, College of Medicine, Kaohsiung Medical University, Kaohsiung, Taiwan; 8Division of Nephrology, Department of Internal Medicine, Kaohsiung Armed Forces General Hospital, Kaohsiung, Taiwan Abstract Inhalants for recreational use in the United States rise in the 1950s and is widespread among adolescents now. The main use of inhalants is for entertainment. After inhalation, nitrous oxide can be rapidly absorbed into the blood through the alveolar capillaries and act neurologic effect. Nitrous oxide related neurologic dysfunc- tion was related to serum vitamin B12 levels decline. Acute and chronic nitrous oxide intoxication will lead to central nervous system(CNS), pulmonary and cardiovascular damages including confusion, pneumonitis, dyspnea and arrhythmia. The treatment of nitrous-oxide induced neuropathy can be alleviated by ceasing nitrous oxide use, vitamin B12 supplements. (J Intern Med Taiwan 2021; 32: 180-184) Key Words: Nitrous oxide, Inhalants, Vitamin B12 Introduction and absorbed by pulmonary capillaries. Inhalants abuse caused a heavy burden on society and nearly Inhalants for recreational use in the United 11 percent of adolecent reporting to have experi- States rise in the 1950s and is widespread among ence of inhalants use in the U.S.A 1 and rounds 0.5 adolescents now.
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