Reactive Polymers Fundamentals and Applications
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Synthesis and Antitumor Activity of Some Novel Thiophene, Pyrimidine, Coumarin, Pyrazole and Pyridine Derivatives
Acta Pharm. 67 (2017) 15–33 Original research paper DOI: 10.1515/acph-2017-0004 Synthesis and antitumor activity of some novel thiophene, pyrimidine, coumarin, pyrazole and pyridine derivatives MOHAMMED ALBRATTY1 2-Cyano-N-(thiazol-2-yl) acetamide (2a) and 2-cyano-N-(oxazol- 1,2 KARAM AHMED EL-SHARKAWY * 2-yl) acetamide (2b) were obtained via the reaction of ethyl cya- SHAMSHER ALAM1 noacetate with either 2-aminothiazole (1a) or 2-aminooxazole 1 Department of Pharmaceutical (1b). The formed products were directed toward the reaction Chemistry, College of Pharmacy with cyclopentanone and elemental sulfur in the presence of Jazan University, P.O. Box 114 triethylamine to give cyclopenta[b]thiophene derivatives (3a,b). Jazan 45142, Saudi Arabia The latter products were reacted with either ethyl cyanoacetate or malononitrile to form compounds 4a,b and 5a,b, respectively. 2 Department of Organic Chemistry Compounds 4a,b were aimed at synthesizing some heterocyclic Faculty of Biotechnology compounds; thus internal cyclization reactions were intro- October University for Modern duced to form compounds 6a,b. Also, compounds 4a,b reacted Sciences and Arts (MSA) with salicylaldehyde, hydrazine derivatives and either urea or El-Wahat Road thiourea to produce coumarin derivatives (7a,b), pyrazole de- 6 October City, Egypt rivatives (8a-d) and pyrimidine derivatives (9a-d), respectively. Reaction of either benzaldehyde or benzene diazonium chlo- ride (11) with compounds 4a,b afforded compounds 10a,b and 12a,b, respectively. On the other hand, compounds 5a,b under- went internal cyclization to form pyrimidine derivatives 13a,b. Also, when compounds 5a,b reacted with either ethyl cyanoac- etate or malononitrile, they gave pyridine derivatives (15a-d) through the formation of intermediates (14a-d). -
Synthesis of the Caffeine Metabolites 5-Acetylamino-6-Formylamino- 3-Methyluracil (AFMU) and 5-Acetylamino-6-Amino-3-Methyluracil (AAMU) on a Preparative Scale R
Synthesis of the Caffeine Metabolites 5-Acetylamino-6-formylamino- 3-methyluracil (AFMU) and 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) on a Preparative Scale R. Röhrkasten3, P. Raatz3, R. P. Kreher3*, M. Blaszkewiczb a Lehrstuhl für Organische Chemie II, Fachbereich Chemie, Universität Dortmund. D-44227 Dortmund b Institut für Arbeitsphysiologie an der Universität Dortmund, ZWE Analytische Chemie, Ardeystraße 67, D-44139 Dortmund Z. Naturforsch. 52b, 1526-1532 (1997); received April 7, 1995 Pyrimidine-diones, Caffeine Metabolites, Synthesis 5-Acetylamino-6-amino-3-methyluracil (AAMU) and 5-acetylamino-6-formylamino-3- methyluracil (AFMU) have been prepared by simple chemical transformations starting from thiourea and ethyl cyanoacetate. These compounds AAMU and AFMU are required as standard materials for qualitative identification and quantitative determination in connection with the metabolism of caffeine. Introduction procedures are applied to obtain weighable amounts. The first method consisted in the con The N-acetyltransferase plays an important role sumption of a caffeinated beverage and the extrac in the metabolism of many xenobiotics; the pro tion of the metabolites from the urine; but the duction of the enzyme is genetically controlled. In yields are low [10]. A very expensive synthetic dividuals differ in the amount of the acetylated procedure is based on a procedure of Khmelevskii metabolites and can be classified as slow or rapid et al. [3] modified by Tang et al. [10] using 1-MU acetylators. The acetylator status is connected with instead of uric acid. After acylation with formic some diseases such as diabetes mellitus and blad acid/acetic anhydride the yield was only 19% pro der cancer and the knowledge of it is for the bene ducing 2 mg of AFMU 9. -
Synthesis of Biologically Important Pyrrole Derivatives in Any 13C and 15N Isotope Enriched Form by Prativa B
Global Journal of Science Frontier Research Chemistry Volume 12 Issue 2 Version 1.0 February 2012 Type : Double Blind Peer Reviewed International Research Journal Publisher: Global Journals Inc. (USA) Online ISSN: 2249-4626 & Print ISSN: 0975-5896 Synthesis of Biologically Important Pyrrole Derivatives in Any 13C and 15N Isotope Enriched Form By Prativa B. S. Dawadi & Johan Lugtenburg Leiden University, Leiden Abstract - Recently the synthesis of [3-13C]-, [4-13C]-, and [11-13C]- porphobilinogen, [15N,13C4]-1H - pyrrole-2,3,5 - tricar - boxylic acid, [1-15N]-3-cyano-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole and [2-13C]- and [3-13C]-cyano-4- methyl-3-pyrrolin-2-one have been published. Incorporation of 13C and 15N in these systems at any position and combination of positions has become accessible. Also mild alkylations of active methylene compounds with α-halo carbonyl compounds open up many 3-pyrrolin-2- ones and pyrrole systems based on stable isotope building blocks that have been published. This gives the access to a whole new library of stable isotope enriched pyrroles in any stable isotope enriched form. This is also the case for biliverdin IXα which after enzymatic treatment has been converted into (2R)-phytochromobilin that reacts with its apoprotein to form intact active phytochrome. Keywords : [1-15N]-3-Cyano-4-methyl-1H-pyrrole, [3-13C], [4-13C]-, and [11-13C]-porphobilinogen, [ 15N, 13C4,] -1H-pyrrole-2,3,5-tricarboxylic acid and biliverdin IXα. GJSFR -B Classification: FOR Code: 030503, 040203, Synthesis Of Biologically Important Pyrrole Derivatives In Any 13C And 15N Isotope Enriched Form Strictly as per the compliance and regulations of: © 2012. -
(12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,699,940 B2 Shalaby (45) Date of Patent: Mar
USOO66.9994OB2 (12) United States Patent (10) Patent No.: US 6,699,940 B2 Shalaby (45) Date of Patent: Mar. 2, 2004 (54) CYANOACRYLATE-CAPPED (56) References Cited HETEROCHAIN POLYMERS AND TISSUE ADHESIVES AND SEALANTS THEREFROM U.S. PATENT DOCUMENTS 4,260,719 A * 4/1981 Ching ........................ 528/196 (75) Inventor: Shalaby W. Shalaby, Anderson, SC 4,377,490 A * 3/1983 Shiraishi et al. ...... 252/188.3 R (US) 5,340,873 A * 8/1994 Mitry .......................... 525/10 5,350,798 A 9/1994 Linden et al. ................ 525/41 (73) Assignee: Poly Med, Inc., Anderson, SC (US) 5,373,035 A * 12/1994 Uemura et al. ............. 523/212 5,422,068 A 6/1995 Shalaby et al. ............... 422/22 (*) Notice: Subject to any disclaimer, the term of this 5,653,992 A 8/1997 Bezwada et al. ............ 264/4.3 5,714,159 A 2/1998 Shalaby ...................... 424/426 patent is extended or adjusted under 35 U.S.C. 154(b) by 0 days. 6,299,631 B1 10/2001 Shalaby ...................... 606/214 6,462,169 B1 10/2002 Shalaby ...................... 528/354 (21) Appl. No.: 10/300,079 6,467,169 B1 10/2002 Wieres ........................ 29/890 (22) Filed: Nov. 20, 2002 * cited by examiner (65) Prior Publication Data Primary Examiner Helen L. Pezzuto US 2003/0105256 A1 Jun. 5, 2003 (74) Attorney, Agent, or Firm-Leigh P. Gregory Related U.S. Application Data (57) ABSTRACT (60) Provisional application No. 60/335,439, filed on Dec. 4, The present invention is directed toward cyanoacrylate 2001. based tissue adhesive or Sealant compositions comprising (51) Int. -
On the Mechanism of Oligomer Formation in Condensations of Alkyl Cyanoacetates with Formaldehyde
Polymer Journal, Vol. 13, No. 10, pp 975-978 (1981) NOTE On the Mechanism of Oligomer Formation in Condensations of Alkyl Cyanoacetates with Formaldehyde J. M. ROONEY Loctite (Ireland) Limited, Whitestown Industrial Estate, Ta//aght, Co. Dublin. Ireland. (Received December II, 1980) KEY WORDS Alkyl Cyanoacetates I Formaldehyde / Condensation Anionic Polymerization I Cyanoacrylate I Chain Transfer I Industrial synthetic routes to the production of Since the apparent activation energy of the over alkyl cyanoacrylate monomers frequently involve all process was found to be similar to that of the base-catalyzed condensations of alkyl cyanoacetates condensation of diethyl dicyanoglutarate with for with formaldehyde to form low molecular weight maldehyde, the addition of diethyl dicyanoglutarate polymers. 1 Early studies attributed polymer for to formaldehyde is assumed to be the rate mation to a stepwise condensation2 of the form,3.4 determining step. CN CN I I CH2 + HCHO _..... CHCH20H I I COOR COOR CN CN CN CN I I I I CHCH2 0H + CH2 -----. CH-CH2-CH + H2 0 I I I I COOR COOR COOR COOR CN CN CN CN I I I I CH-CH2-CH + HCHO -----. CH-CH2-C-CH20H I I I I COOR COOR COOR COOR CN CN CN I I I CH-CH2-C-CH20H + CH2 etc. I I I COOR COOR COOR Subsequently, a kinetic study of the reaction of philic displacement of the hydroxyl group by cya formaldehyde with methyl cyanoacetate5 yielded noacetate anion. Instead, it is postulated that evidence that methyl cyanoacrylate monomer is an essential step in water evolution is the formation of intermediate in oligomer formation. -
Born2bond Structural Cyanoacrylate Adhesive
Born2Bond Structural Cyanoacrylate Adhesive Description Born2Bond™ Structural Cyanoacrylate Adhesive is a high-strength, high-temperature (120°C) hybrid cyanoacrylate adhesive that provides a fast fixture time at room temperature while maintaining good processability and the capability to bond gaps up to 5mm. This product offers excellent bonding characteristics to a large variety of substrates, including aluminium, plastics and elastomers, but also porous substrates, such as woods, chipboard and leather. Born2Bond Structural is the toughest structural, fast cure two part (2K) cyanoacrylate adhesive on the market, with the longest open time. Born2Bond Structural offers “on demand” structural bonding. Once mixed and applied, the exposed dot or bead has an open time of up to 30 minutes – but a fixture time of only seconds once the parts are assembled. This fixture and ultimate cure time compares favourably with other structural adhesive chemistries. Formulated using MECA (methoxyethyl cyanoacrylate) chemistry, Born2Bond Structural is able to withstand temperatures up to 120°C, far exceeding the capabilities of standard cyanoacrylate adhesives. It offers a balance between bonding speed, long open time, bond strength (>6 MPa), and impact and environmental resistance. Born2Bond Structural is supplied in a syringe cartridge, available in 10g and 50g sizes. Both cartridges come with static mixing nozzles. The 10g size is suitable for manual application and comes with a plunger. The 50g size is used with a dispensing gun for manual application, -
Dispensing Solutions for Cyanoacrylate Adhesives White
Dispensing Solutions for Cyanoacrylate Adhesives Contents How Cyanoacrylates Work .......................................................................3 Advantages of CAs ...................................................................................4 CA Dispensing Challenges .......................................................................4 Best Practices for Dispensing CAs .....................................................5-12 Best Systems for Dispensing CAs ....................................................13-14 Useful Resources ...................................................................................15 Introduction Cyanoacrylate adhesives, also known as CAs or cyanos, are highly effective at bonding many types of materials together in assembly processes. Often referred to as super glues, they exhibit high bond strength and fast cure times that help manufacturers speed production processes for higher throughput yields. This makes them an ideal choice for assembling products in a variety of industries, including automotive, electronics, life sciences, defense, and consumer goods. Though beneficial, these moisture-cure adhesives can be a challenge, especially when your assembly process requires precise, repeatable dispensing. This paper outlines proper handling methods and dispensing solutions for successful CA dispensing. Find out how to minimize material waste by more than 60% while also minimizing operator exposure to the adhesive. Speed your production processes while producing higher quality parts with -
Technical Procedure for Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint
Technical Procedure for Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint Development Kits Version 5 Latent Evidence Section Effective Date: 02/01/2019 Issued by Latent Technical Leader Technical Procedure for Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint Development Kits 1.0 Purpose – This procedure is a non-porous development procedure. 2.0 Scope – This procedure is a step in the processing of non-porous evidence that may contain impressions that require developing/enhancing. 2.1 The Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint Development Kit is a commercially prepared product that polymerizes the latent impression using cyanoacrylate. Numerous materials, including plastic bags, weapons, metals, and various other substrates, may be processed using the Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint Development Kit. Cyanoacrylate shall be used as a preliminary process for subsequent processing techniques. Fluorescent dye staining, in conjunction with laser examinations, is dependent on the proper use of cyanoacrylate fuming techniques. 3.0 Definitions Alternate light source: Any of the multiple forensic light sources readily available in the Latent Evidence Section including, but not limited to, the CrimeScope (CS), Mini-CrimeScope (MCS), and TracER Laser. Ambient light: Light that is readily available in the office environment (i.e., natural light or light that emanates from an office lighting source). CE: Cyanoacrylate ester, also known as super glue. Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint Development Kit: A commercially prepared cyanoacrylate ester fuming kit that assists in the processing of non-porous items of evidence with the assistance of cyanoacrylate ester. Commercial products currently used include Hot-Shot by Lynn Peavey and Cyano- Shot by Sirchie. 4.0 Equipment, Materials and Reagents 4.1 Equipment and Materials Cyanoacrylate Ester Fingerprint Development Kit 4.2 Reagents – N/A 5.0 Procedure 5.1 Hot-Shot (Lynn Peavey Product): 5.1.1 Items to be processed with the Hot-Shot shall first be examined visually in ambient lighting conditions and then with the use of an alternate light source (CS, MCS). -
Supplement of Reactive Organic Carbon Emissions from Volatile Chemical Products
Supplement of Atmos. Chem. Phys., 21, 5079–5100, 2021 https://doi.org/10.5194/acp-21-5079-2021-supplement © Author(s) 2021. CC BY 4.0 License. Supplement of Reactive organic carbon emissions from volatile chemical products Karl M. Seltzer et al. Correspondence to: Havala Pye ([email protected]) The copyright of individual parts of the supplement might differ from the article licence. 15 Table S1: PUCs, sub-PUCs, NAICS codes, and SCTG codes for all sub-PUCs. Product Use Sub-Product Use SCTG NAICS Product Codesa Producer Price Index Categoryc Categories (PUCs) Categories (sub-PUCs) Codeb 3256111, 3256114, 3256117, Soap and Other Detergent Detergents & Soaps 233 325611W Manufacturing Polish and Other Sanitation Good Manufacturing; Cleaning Products 3256125, 2356127, 2356121, Soap and Other Detergent General Cleaners 233 235611A, 2356130, 325612W Manufacturing; Surface Active Agent Manufacturing; 3256204, 325620D, 325620G, Daily Use Products 232 Toilet Preparation Manufacturing 325620W, 3256207 (25%)d Personal Care Toilet Preparation Manufacturing; Products 3256201, 325620A, 325611D, Short Use Products 232 Soap and Other Detergent 3256207 (75%)d Manufacturing 3255201, 3255204, 3255207, Adhesives & Sealants Adhesives & Sealants 239 Adhesive Manufacturing 305520A, 325520W Architectural Coatings 3255101, 325510W f Paint and Coating Manufacturing Aerosol Coatings 3255107 (10%)e f Paint and Coating Manufacturing Paints & Coatings Allied Paint Products 325510B f Paint and Coating Manufacturing 3255104, Industrial Coatings f Paint and Coating Manufacturing 3255107 (90%)e 3259101, 3259104, 3259107, Printing Inks Printing Inks 325910A, 325910E, 325910H, 231 Printing Ink Manufacturing 325910W Pesticide and Other Agricultural FIFRA Pesticides 3253204, 3253207 235 Chemical Manufacturing Pesticides & FIFRA All Other Basic Organic Chemical Products Manufacturing; Pesticide and Other Agricultural Pesticides 3251994, 3253201, 325320W 235 Agricultural Chemical Manufacturing Dry Cleaning Dry Cleaning g Oil & Gas Oil & Gas Misc. -
Route of Knoevenagel Reaction from Conventional Method to Greener Methods
IOSR Journal of Environmental Science, Toxicology and Food Technology (IOSR-JESTFT) e-ISSN: 2319-2402,p- ISSN: 2319-2399.Volume 9, Issue 12 Ver. I (Dec. 2015), PP 52-55 www.iosrjournals.org Route of Knoevenagel Reaction from Conventional method to Greener methods Dr. Leena H. Sarkar Department of Chemistry, J.V.M’s Degree College, Airoli, Navi Mumbai 400 708, India. Abstract: In the past few years, classic methods of synthesis have been replaced by newer methods of synthesis involving principles of Green Chemistry given by Anastas and Warner leading to environmentally safer products and processes and reducing pollution and thus making the environment greener. In this review article I have compared old classical method of Knoevenagel reaction with greener methods for a more sustainable, pollution free future society. Key Words: Green chemistry, Knoevenagel reaction, solvent free reactions, sustainable chemistry, use of ultrasound radiations, catalysis, microwave chemistry and use of ionic liquids. I. Introduction The Knoevenagel [1] reaction is considered to be a modification of the aldol reaction [2]. It is named after Emil Knoevenagel. It is a condensation reaction of aldehydes or ketones 1 with active methylene compounds 2 in presence of base like ammonia or another amine or piperidine as a catalyst in organic solvents to yield α,β-unsaturated carbonyl compounds 3 (Fig. 1) which serve as intermediates in various reactions and compounds of medicinal interest [3-7]. Group attached to methylene group must be powerful enough to facilitate deprotonation to form enolate ion, even with a mild base. Fig. 1: Conventional method of Knoevenagel synthesis II. -
Technical Data Sheet Permatex® Plastic & Rubber Cyanoacrylate
Unit 3 Shipton Way Technical Data Sheet Express Business Park Permatex® Plastic & Rubber Northampton Road Rushden, NN10 6GL Cyanoacrylate Adhesive. Tel: 0870 458 9686 PRODUCT DESCRIPTION PROPERTIES OF UNCURED MATERIAL Permatex Plastic & Rubber Cyanoacrylate Adhesive is a Typical Value low viscosity Ethyl Cyanoacrylate adhesive. Permatex Chemical Type Ethyl Plastic & Rubber Cyanoacrylate Adhesive is formulated for Appearance Clear high strength, high speed bonding of plastics and rubbers. Specific Gravity 1.06 Viscosity cPs¹ PRODUCT BENEFITS - range 17-22 • Fast cure speed - typical value 20 • Bonds most plastic and rubbers Tensile Strength², typical (N/mm²) 20 • Can be post applied to pre assembled parts Fixture Time (seconds) 2-20 Full Cure (hours) 24 DIRECTIONS FOR USE Flash point (ºC) >85 1. Both surfaces must be smooth, clean, dry and free of Shelf Life @ 5 ºC (months) 12 oil, grease, etc. Max Gap Fill (mm) 0.10 2. USE EXTREME CARE WHEN OPENING. Hold bottle Operating Temperature Range (ºC) -50 to +80 upright, pointing away from face. Remove nozzle. 3. Apply adhesive to one surface, about one drop per ¹ISO 3104/3105 square inch. Spread evenly. ²ISO 6922 4. Immediately place the second surface in contact with the first surface and press together. TYPICAL CURING PERFORMANCE 5. Keep light pressure on surfaces for 15 seconds or until Substrate Cure time, seconds. bond sets. DO NOT REPOSITION THE PARTS. Steel/Steel <20 6. Allow to completely harden, for best results, overnight. ABS/ABS <10 NOTE: Not suitable for untreated polyethylene or Rubber/Rubber <5 polypropylene products. Cure speed vs. substrate FOR CLEANUP The cure speed of cyanoacrylates vary according to the 1. -
PACE Fume Extraction Systems Are Sold with a Standard Combination Filter Already Installed
Frequently Asked questions for Fume Extraction 1. What type of filter comes with the fume extraction unit? PACE fume extraction systems are sold with a standard combination filter already installed. The standard filter is a combination pre filter, a high efficiency HEPA filter and a gas filter. 2. Can PACE fume extraction systems remove fumes generated by chemicals or adhesives? The standard combination filter comes with a gas filter layer to remove trace chemical generated in various electronic soldering applications. An optional adhesive filter is available for the Arm-Evac 50, 105, 200, and the 250. The optional adhesive filter is designed to absorb larger volumes of chemical and adhesive fumes. The adhesive filters are made with a combination of activated carbon and activated alumina impregnated with potassium permanganate. They are designed to remove fumes that are generated by glues, chemical solvents and adhesives. 3. Is there any way to estimate the life of the adhesive filter in my application? Estimating the life of an adhesive filter is very difficult. Quantifying the amount of chemical or adhesive fumes being absorbed by a system is not an easy task. The removal capacity of the filter is one way to get a rough estimate of the filters life. The adhesive filter’s removal capacity for some common chemicals is listed below. Chemical Removal Capacity Acetone 11.9% Ammonia <3% Ethyl cyanoacrylate 21.0% Formaldehyde 2.0% n-Heptane 10.0% Isopropyl Alcohol 21.0% Methyl-2-cyanoacrylate 20.0% Methyl Ethyl Ketone (MEK) 21.0% Toluene 10.0% Xylene 10.0% The percentages listed above indicate the weight of a contaminant that can be removed per pound of media in the filter.