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A Multi-System VRML Viewer

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A Multi-System VRML Viewer pp g y p y g g g , San Diego, California, Decemb er 1995. VRweb: A Multi-System VRML Viewer Michael Pichler, Gerb ert Orasche, Keith Andrews 1 I ICM, Graz UniversityofTechnology Ed Grossman 2 National Center for Sup ercomputing Applications Mark McCahill 3 University of Minnesota Abstract form of Silicon Graphics' Inventor [27 ] le format, an ex- tensive, proven 3D graphics le format which includes a va- riety of sp ecial-purp ose no des. VRML adopted Inventor's As VRML b ecomes the standard for describing no de-based hierarchical structure, eld syntax and instanc- 3D scenes on the Internet, many VRML viewers ing mechanism, but left out a numb er of its sp ecial-purp ose are b eing develop ed with proprietary interests or and more esoteric features. VRML de nes no des for geom- for sp eci c target systems or proto cols. etry p olygon based and primitive shap es, text, grouping, VRweb is a VRML viewer providing the same multiple levels of detail, transformations elementary and ar- user interface for multiple Web proto cols WWW, bitrary matrices, co ordinates, normal data, prop erties ma- Gopher, and Hyp er-G and multiple platforms terials, textures, rendering attributes bindings and shap e Unix, Windows, and Macintosh and is avail- hints, light sources p ositional, directional, sp ot lights, and able as b oth binary and source co de. VRweb camera de nitions p ersp ective and orthographic. source co de is copyrighted, but is freely avail- The World Wide Web WWW, W3, or \The Web" [8 ], able for non-commercial use, providing a plat- currently the most p opular Internet information system, is form for research and exp eriment. Unlike other based on the HTML [9 ] markup language and the HTTP VRML viewers available in source co de, VRweb client/server proto col. Navigation is primarily achieved by do es not require additional commercial libraries means of hyp erlinks. In contrast, navigation in the Internet like Op enInventor or Motif, it is based entirely Gopher [16 ] is primarily hierarchical, including its new 3D on freely available software comp onents. interface, GopherVR [17 ]. Both WWW and Gopher supp ort A short overview of currently available VRML add-on search facilities. Hyp er-G [4 , 5 ] combines hierarchi- browsers is followed by a more detailed lo ok at cal and hyp erlink navigation with fully integrated search fa- VRweb, including its user interface, multi-system cilities, whilst remaining interop erable with WWW and Go- nature, and software architecture. pher Hyp er-G servers sp eak WWW and Gopher proto cols as well as native Hyp er-G. All three systems allow VRML mo dels residing on their resp ective servers to b e accessed by their supp orted access proto cols. Keywords: VRML, WWW, Gopher, Hyp er-G, Op enGL, The Web's URL Universal Resource Lo cator mecha- X11, Windows, Internet, Web. nism allows do cuments and les residing on arbitrary servers somewhere on the Internet to b e sp eci ed using one conve- 1 Intro duction nient handle: a do cument's URL includes its access pro- to col for example http, gopher, ftp, or hyp erg. VRML's The Virtual Reality Mo deling Language [7, 24 ], or VRML WWWInline and WWWAnchor no des utilise the URL mech- for short, is evolving as a standard data format for the anism. The former allows a scene to b e split into parts which storage and interchange of 3D mo dels in information sys- may b e fetched on demand, for example when navigating a tems and mo deling packages. VRML is based on the ascii large, complex mo del comp onents of the mo del are fetched 1 as one approaches them imp ortantonaslow network con- Institute for Information Pro cessing and Computer Supp orted nection. The latter supp orts link anchors attached to ar- New Media I ICM, Graz Universityof Technology, A-8010 Graz, Austria. fmpichler,gorasche,[email protected] bitrary comp onents of a scene; these can b e clicked to load 2 National Center for Sup ercomputing Applications NCSA, Uni- related VRML or other les. Imp ortant for the backward- versity of Illinois, Urbana-Champaign. [email protected] compatibility of extensions to VRML is the p ossibility for a 3 Distributed Computing Services, University of Minnesota. no de to provide a description of its elds and optionally mpm@b o ombox.micro.umn.edu the name of a base no de that can b e used as its substitute. VRML 1.0 supp orts only static scene descriptions; dynamic ob ject b ehaviour is now under discussion for inclusion in VRML 2.0. 2 Related Work Since the release of the rst VRML viewers/browsers in April 1995, there have b een a o o d of releases and announce- ments. Here we presentanoverview of the eld as of Au- Figure 1: The VRweb VRML viewer displaying Lightscape's model of Jerusalem City Hal l. i3D [10 ] from the Center for Advanced Studies, Research gust 1995 which is necessarily neither complete nor up-to- and Development in Sardinia exploits the rendering capabil- date. We use the term browser to refer to software which ities of high-end machines. This VRML viewer includes a itself retrieves VRML les across the Internet and viewer prepro cessing optimisation phase and time-dep endent ren- for software which relies on another supp orting application dering facilities to guarantee constant frame rates even for to p erform le retrievals. very large scenes. It is available only for SGI machines. WebSpace [26 ] from Silicon Graphics in collab oration WebOOGL [18 ] from the Geometry Center of the Uni- with Template Graphics was the rst VRML browser to b e versity of Minnesota is available in source co de based on released. WebSpace is based on the Inventor library and Geomview. Geomview is a program for viewing and manip- has two navigational metaphors the examiner viewer and ulating 3D ob jects and is designed to act as display unit for walk viewer. WebSpace binaries are freely available un- external mo dules creating geometry. Multiple control win- supp orted with a supp orted commercial version; no source dows exist for motion control, prop erties and editing. The co de is available. WebSpace runs on SGI, IBM AIX, Sun WebOOGL browser is available for SGI and Sun OS plat- Solaris with graphics b oard, and Windows NT; versions forms. for Macintosh, DEC and HP are planned. VRweb , the VRML viewer describ ed in this pap er, is WebView [25 ] from the San Diego Sup ercomputer Center a joint pro ject between I ICM home of Hyp er-G, NCSA SDSC is a publically available VRML browser for SGI sys- home of Mosaic, and the University of Minnesota home tems, available as source co de based on the Inventor library. of Gopher. It draws on several years of exp erience with the WebView has four viewing styles examiner, y, plane, walk Harmony 3D Scene Viewer [2, 6 ] for Hyp er-G, which b ecame and an integrated editing facility. It can either b e run as a the base of VRweb. VRweb is designed to work with mul- standalone browser or as an external viewer with a Web tiple information systems, namely WWW, Hyp er-G, and browser. It is intended as a public development and test Gopher, as well as on a variety of platforms. It is cur- platform, but is limited to SGI platforms under UNIX. rently available for most common UNIX platforms SGI WorldView [12 ] from InterVista Software is targeted to IRIX, Sun Solaris, Sun OS, DEC Alpha, DEC ULTRIX, emp ower standard PCs for real-time applications. All net- HP-UX, and LINUX as well as Windows NT, 3.1, 95; work communication is built into this standalone browser, a Macintosh version is exp ected by the time this pap er is which do es not rely on a co op erating Web browser. World- published. VRweb source co de with copyright is available View is available for all Windows platforms NT, 3.1, 95; free of charge for non-commercial use, providing a platform versions for Macintosh and UNIX SGI, Sun OS are planned. for research and exp eriment. Unlike other VRML viewers WebFX [21 ] from Pap er Software is a VRML browser available in source co de, VRweb do es not require additional for the Windows environment. The binaries are free for commercial libraries like Op enInventor or Motif, it is based non-commercial use and during an evaluation p erio d. It in- entirely on freely available software comp onents see Sec- corp orates IRC3Dchatting and physically-based navigation tion 5 for more detail ab out VRweb's software architecture. metaphors including collision detection as well as VRML Figure 1 shows VRweb displaying Lightscap e's [13 ] VRML authoring facilities. It is available for Windows platforms mo del of the chamb er of Jerusalem City Hall. NT, 3.1, 95; a Macintosh version is planned. Figure 2: VRweb for Windows in Heads-Up navigation mode. Icons are overlaid atop the viewing area for looking, walking, vertical/sideways motion, and point-of-interest navigation. The rendering mode may be set separately for faster interactive navigation. Figure 3: VRweb for Unix in Fly Mode through VirtualSOMA. The speed of ight is overlaid in the bottom right corner of the viewing area, the direction of ight is determined by the position of the cursor relative to the central target crosshairs. 3 The VRweb User Interface can b e displayed in the status area.
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