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Forest Management Districts 4, 5, 6, & 8 (Planning Zone 3)

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Forest Management Districts 4, 5, 6, & 8 (Planning Zone 3) Forest Management Districts 4, 5, 6, & 8 (Planning Zone 3) Sustainable Forest Management Plan - Crown (2007 - 2011) Table of Contents List of Tables …………………………………………………………………………………….…. vi List of Figures ……………………………………………………………………………............... vii List of Appendices ………………………………………………………………………..………. viii Introduction ………………………………………………………………………………. ……….. 1 Section 1 Description of Forest Management Districts …..………………………………..……….. 2 1.1 General……………………………………………………………………………….................... 2 1.1.1 District Boundaries ……..………………….…………………………………..….. 2 1.1.2 History …………………………………………………………………….……….. 4 1.1.3 Ownership ……………………………………………………………………..…... 5 1.2 Physical Features ………….…………………………………………………………………….. 7 1.2.1 Topography and Physiography ……………………………………………………. 7 1.2.2 Quaternary Geology ……………………………………………………………….. 8 1.2.3 Bedrock Geology ………………………………………………………………….. 9 1.2.4 Soils ……………………………………………………………………………….. 9 1.2.4 Climate …………………………………………………………………. ……….. 10 1.3 Ecosystems …………………………………..…………………………………………………. 10 1.3.1 The Forest Ecosystem …..………………………………………………………... 11 1.3.2 National Ecological Land Classification System ………………………………… 12 1.3.3 Ecoregions and Subregions ………………………………………………….…….14 1.3.2.1 The Central Newfoundland Forest Ecoregion……………………….…..14 1.3.2.2 North Shore Forest Ecoregion …………….…………………………… 15 1.3.2.3 Eastern Hyper-Oceanic Barrens Forest Ecoregion …………………….. 15 1.3.2.4 Maritime Barrens Forest Ecoregion ………………………….………… 15 1.4 Ecosystem Dynamics ……………………………………………………………………..……. 17 1.4.1 Ecosystem Condition and Productivity ………………………..…………..………17 1.4.1.1 Productivity ……………………………………….…………………..…18 1.4.1.2 Resilience ………………………..………………………………………18 1.4.1.3 Stability ………………………………………………………………… 19 1.4.1.4 Disturbance Regimes and Successional Patterns…………………..…… 19 1.4.1.4.1 Harvesting ……………………………………………….…… 20 1.4.1.4.2 Fire …………………………………………………………… 21 1.4.1.4.3 Insect ……………………………………………………….… 21 1.4.2 Biodiversity ………………………………………………………………….…… 21 1.4.2.1 Species Diversity ……………………………………….…………….…22 1.4.2.2 Genetic Diversity …………………………….………………….………23 1.4.2.3 Landscape Diversity ………………………………………………..……23 1.5 Forest Characterization ………………………………………………………………………… 25 1.5.1 Land Classification …………………………………………….……….…………25 1.5.2 Age Class ……………………………………………………………….…….….. 25 1.5.3 Site Class ……………………………………………….……………………….. 31 1.5.4 Forest Types (Working Group) ………………………….………………………. 34 Section 2 Past Activities Planning Zone 3 – Crown ……………………………………..………… 38 2.1 Overview ……..………………………………………………………………………………… 38 2.2 Harvesting …………….…………………………………..……………………………………. 38 2.3 Silviculture ……………………………….………………………………….……….…..…….. 40 2.4 Road Construction …………………….………….………………………….…….….……..... 41 2.5 Natural Disturbance ………….………………………………………….…………..………… 41 2.5.1 Fire ………………………………………………………….……….….………... 41 2.5.2 Insect ……………………………………………………….….…..…….……….. 42 Section 3 Timber Supply Analysis …………………………………………….……….….………. 42 3.1 Introduction ……………………………………………………………….…..…….….……… 42 3.2 Guiding Principles and Policy Direction ………………………………….……..…..………… 42 3.3 Factors Affecting Timber Supply ……………………………………….…………..…………. 43 3.4 Timber Supply Analysis ………………………………………………….………..……….….. 43 3.4.1 Forest Characterization……………….………………………………..…….…… 44 3.4.2 Land Availability ……………………………………………………..…….……. 44 3.4.2.1. Non-Timber Related …………………………………….……….……. 44 3.4.2.1.1 No-Cut Buffer Zones ……………………………….……….. 44 3.4.2.1.2 Pine Marten and Caribou Habitat …………………………… 45 3.4.2.1.3 Wildlife Corridors …………………………………………… 45 3.4.2.1.4 Protected Areas ……………………………………………… 45 3.4.2.1.5 Watersheds ..…………………………………….…………… 45 3.4.2.2 Timber Related …………………………………………….…………… 45 3.4.2.2.1 Insect/Fire/Disease Losses …………………………………… 45 3.4.2.2.2 Logging Losses ………………………………………………. 45 3.4.2.2.3 Operational Constraints ……………………………………… 46 3.4.3 Growth Forecasting ………………………………………………………………. 46 3.4.4 Management Strategies ……………………………………………………………47 ii 3.4.4.1 Harvest Flow Constraints …………………………………………….… 47 3.4.4.2 Spatial Analysis …………………………………………….………...…47 3.4.4.3 Planning Horizons ……………………………………….………..……. 48 3.4.4.4 Operable Growing Stock Buffer ……………………………………….. 48 3.4.4.5 Old Forest Targets ……………………………………………………… 48 3.4.4.6 Operability Limits ……………………………………………………… 49 3.4.4.7 Silviculture …………………………………………………………….. 49 3.5 Inventory Adjustments …………………………………………………………………………. 49 3.5.1 Fire …………………………………………………………………………..…… 50 3.5.2 Insects ……………………………………………………………….…………… 50 3.5.3 Timber Utilization ……………………………………………………………….. 50 3.5.4 Stand Remnants ……………….…………………………………………………. 50 3.6 Timber Supply………………………………………………………………………………….. 51 3.6.1 Methodology Overview and Results …………………………………………..… 51 3.6.2 District Discussion …………………………………………………………….…. 51 3.6.1.1 Forest Management District 4 ……………………………………….… 51 3.6.1.2 Forest Management District 5 ……………………………………….… 52 3.6.1.3 Forest Management District 6 ……………………………………….… 52 3.6.1.4 Forest Management District 8 ……………………………………….… 53 3.6.3 Sensitivity Analysis ……………………………………………………………… 54 3.6.4 Forest Composition and Structure Change ……………….………..…………….. 55 Section 4 Values …………………………………………………………………………………… 58 4.1 Guiding Principles of Sustainability …………………………………………………………… 58 4.2 Value Description………………………………………………………………………………. 58 4.2.1 Biotic Values ……………………………………………………………………... 60 4.2.1.1 Big Game …………………………………………………………….… 60 4.2.1.1.1 Moose ……………………………………………………………….... 60 4.2.1.1.2 Caribou ……………………………………………………………….. 60 4.2.1.1.3 Black Bear …......................................................................................... 61 4.2.1.2 Furbearers ……………………………………………………………… 62 4.2.1.3 Salmonids …………………………………………………………….… 63 4.2.1.4 Song Birds ……………………………………………………………… 64 4.2.1.5 Other Avian …………………………………………………………….. 65 4.2.1.3 Rare and Endangered Species ………………………………………..… 66 4.2.1.3.1 Pine Marten ………………………………………………...… 66 4.2.1.3.2 Banded Killifish………………………………………………. 67 4.2.1.3.3 Red and White Pine ……………………………………….…. 68 4.2.1.3.4 Red Crossbill…………………………………………….……. 69 4.2.1.4 Water Resources …………………………………………………..…… 69 4.2.2 Human Values ……………………………………………………………………. 70 4.2.2.1 Timber Resources ……………………………………………………… 70 iii 4.2.2.2 Agriculture ……………………………………….………………..…… 73 4.2.2.3 Mining ………………………………………………………………….. 74 4.2.2.4 Historic Resources …………………………………………………...… 75 4.2.2.5 The Greater Terra Nova Ecosystem ………………………………...…. 76 4.2.2.6 Recreational Trails………………………………………………..….…. 78 4.2.2.7 Parks and Protected Areas ……………………………………..………. 79 4.2.2.8 Outfitting ……………………………………………………………….. 80 4.2.2.9 Recreation ……………………………………………………………… 82 4.2.2.10 Tourism ……………………………………………………………..… 83 Section 5 Public Consultation Process ……………………………………………………………... 84 5.1 Planning Objectives ……………………………………………………………………….…… 84 5.2 Planning Framework …………………………………………………………………………… 85 5.3 Planning Team Participation ………………………………………………………….………... 85 5.4 The Consultative Process ……………………………………………………………….…….... 86 Section 6 Management Objectives and Strategies ………………………………………….……… 88 6.1 Harvesting ……………………………………………………………………………………… 88 6.1.1 Commercial …………………………………………………………….……..….. 88 6.1.2 Domestic ……………………………………………………………….………… 89 6.1.3 White Birch ………………………………………………………………………. 89 6.2 Silviculture ………………………………………………………………………………….….. 91 6.2.1 Forest Renewal ……………………………………………………………….….. 91 6.2.2 Forest Improvement ……………………………………………………………... 93 6.3 Forest Access Roads ……………………….…………………………………………..….…… 94 6.4 Forest Protection ………………………………………………………………………….……. 95 6.4.1 Insects and Disease ……………………………………………………….……… 95 6.4.2 Fire ……………………………………………………………………….………. 96 6.4.3 Wind Throw …………………………………………………………….………... 96 6.5 Information and Education ……………………………………………………………..……… 96 Section 7 Proposed Activities ……………………………………………………………………… 97 7.1 Overview ………………………………………………………………………………..……… 97 7.2 Allocation of Timber Supply ……………………………………………………………….….. 97 7.2.1 Commercial ……………………………………………………………………..….. 97 iv 7.2.2 Domestic …………………………………………………………………………….102 7.3 Silviculture ……………………………………………………………………………….. 107 7.4 Access Roads and Water Crossings ……………………………………………………… 112 7.5 Activities in Protected Water Supply Areas ……………………………………………... 113 7.6 Environmental Protection ………………………………………………………………... 118 7.6.1 Fire ……………………………………………………………………………… 118 7.6.2 Insect and Disease ………………………………………………………………. 118 7.6.3 General Environment …………………………………………………………… 119 7.6.4 Surveys ……………………………………………………………………….… 122 7.6.5 Information and Education ..……………………………………………….…… 123 Section 8 Mitigations …………………………………………………………….……………….. 123 Section 9 Plan Administration ……………………………………………………………….…… 125 9.1 Monitoring ………………………………………………………………………….………… 125 9.1.1 Operational Level …………………………………………….……………….… 125 9.1.2 Planning Level ………………………………………….…………………….… 125 9.2 Amendments …………………………………………………………………………………. 126 Literature Cited …………………………………………………………………………………... 127 Appendices ……………………………………………………………………………………….. 131 v List of Tables Table 1 Canadian Ecological Land Classification System .…………….…………………..……... 13 Table 2 Breakdown of productive forest area in Planning Zone 3 by district and tenure….…….… 25 Table 3 Breakdown of districts in Planning Zone 3 by working group……………..….……….…. 37 Table 4 Summary of Crown Harvest in Planning Zone 3 from 2001 to 2005………..…….….…….39 Table 5 Summary of Crown silviculture treatments in Planning Zone 3 from 2001 to 2005….….... 41 Table 6 Summary of Crown access roads built in Planning Zone 3 from 2001 to 2005 ……..…..... 41 Table 7 Annual Allowable Cut results for districts
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