SAINT MICHAEL the ARCHANGEL CATHOLIC CHURCH
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Islam and Immunization in Northern Nigeria Elisha P. Renne
Islam and Immunization in Northern Nigeria Elisha P. Renne Department of Anthropology and the Center for Afroamerican and African Studies University of Michigan 101 West Hall, 1085 S. University Ave. Ann Arbor, MI 48109-1107 Ph. (734) 647-9917; fax (734) 763-6077; email: [email protected] Draft chapter from book, Protesting Polio and the Ethics of Eradication in Northern Nigeria. Please do not reproduce or circulate without permission of author. Islam and Immunization in Northern Nigeria Elisha P. Renne Allah the Great and Almighty has created for each disease a remedy. ---Ibn Qayyim Al-Jawziyya, The Prophetic Medicine Sūra 6, 140. They are lost indeed who kill their children foolishly without knowledge, and forbid what Allah has given to them forging a lie against Allah; they have indeed gone astray, and they are not the followers of the right course. ---The Qur’ān Hadith 11. Leave that which makes you doubt for that which does not make you doubt. -- An-Nawawi’s 40 Hadith This paper focuses on the association of Islam with resistance to immunization in Northern Nigeria and to the distribution of oral polio vaccine during the ongoing polio eradication initiative (PEI). Both routine immunization and taking oral polio vaccine are acceptable practices for many Muslim parents in Northern Nigeria. For them, the main obstacle has been the lack of available vaccines (FBA 2005). For others, they are willing take their children for vaccination at local clinics and hospitals when diseases such as measles or meningitis threaten (Ejembi et al. 1995). At such times, their fear of disease overshadows the perceived risks of vaccination. -
The Song Elite's Obsession with Death, the Underworld, and Salvation
BIBLID 0254-4466(2002)20:1 pp. 399-440 漢學研究第 20 卷第 1 期(民國 91 年 6 月) Visualizing the Afterlife: The Song Elite’s Obsession with Death, the Underworld, and Salvation Hsien-huei Liao* Abstract This study explores the Song elite’s obsession with the afterlife and its impact on their daily lives. Through examining the ways they perceived the relations between the living and the dead, the fate of their own afterlives, and the functional roles of religious specialists, this study demonstrates that the prevailing ideas about death and the afterlife infiltrated the minds of many of the educated, deeply affecting their daily practices. While affected by contem- porary belief in the underworld and the power of the dead, the Song elite also played an important role in the formation and proliferation of those ideas through their piety and practices. Still, implicit divergences of perceptions and practices between the elite and the populace remained abiding features under- neath their universally shared beliefs. To explore the Song elite’s interactions with popular belief in the underworld, several questions are discussed, such as how and why the folk belief in the afterlife were accepted and incorporated into the elite’s own practices, and how their practices corresponded to, dif- fered from, or reinforced folk beliefs. An examination of the social, cultural, * Hsien-huei Liao is a research associate in the Department of East Asian Languages and Civilizations at Harvard University, U.S.A. 399 400 漢學研究第20卷第1期 and political impact on their conceptualization of the afterlife within the broad historical context of the Song is key to understand their beliefs and practices concerning the underworld. -
The Fall of Satan in the Thought of St. Ephrem and John Milton
Hugoye: Journal of Syriac Studies, Vol. 3.1, 3–27 © 2000 [2010] by Beth Mardutho: The Syriac Institute and Gorgias Press THE FALL OF SATAN IN THE THOUGHT OF ST. EPHREM AND JOHN MILTON GARY A. ANDERSON HARVARD DIVINITY SCHOOL CAMBRIDGE, MA USA ABSTRACT In the Life of Adam and Eve, Satan “the first-born” refused to venerate Adam, the “latter-born.” Later writers had difficulty with the tale because it granted Adam honors that were proper to Christ (Philippians 2:10, “at the name of Jesus, every knee should bend.”) The tale of Satan’s fall was then altered to reflect this Christological sensibility. Milton created a story of Christ’s elevation prior to the creation of man. Ephrem, on the other hand, moved the story to Holy Saturday. In Hades, Death acknowledged Christ as the true first- born whereas Satan rejected any such acclamation. [1] For some time I have pondered the problem of Satan’s fall in early Jewish and Christian sources. My point of origin has been the justly famous account found in the Life of Adam and Eve (hereafter: Life).1 1 See G. Anderson, “The Exaltation of Adam and the Fall of Satan,” Journal of Jewish Thought and Philosophy, 6 (1997): 105–34. 3 4 Gary A. Anderson I say justly famous because the Life itself existed in six versions- Greek, Latin, Armenian, Georgian, Slavonic, and Coptic (now extant only in fragments)-yet the tradition that the Life drew on is present in numerous other documents from Late Antiquity.2 And one should mention its surprising prominence in Islam-the story was told and retold some seven times in the Koran and was subsequently subject to further elaboration among Muslim exegetes and storytellers.3 My purpose in this essay is to carry forward work I have already done on this text to the figures of St. -
History of St. Michael the Archangel Parish. a Half Centry of Saint Michael Catholic Church, Olyphant, PA
History of St. Michael the Archangel Parish. A Half Centry of Saint Michael Catholic Church, Olyphant, PA. 1912-1962. CAP at Orchard Lake. The growth of coal mining in the Lackawanna Valley brought a great number of Polish immi- grants to Olyphant at the beginning of the Twentieth Century. Soon there arose a need for the establishment of a parish and the building of a church to serve these people. The organization of the parish was initiated by Mr. Joseph Kwiatek, a hotel owner in the borough, in the Spring of 1909. A committee was organized to lay the foundation of the new parish. The following men served on the committee: Messrs. Joseph Kwiatek, Michael Borys, Michael Ksydar, Louis Naglak, Joseph Guzek, Andrew Naglak, George Klocek, Joseph Pijar, John Pasko, John Swieton, Frank Szarek, Joseph Borys, Matthew Dutka, Anthony Oleniacz, and Jacob Czeluszniak. The first meeting of the committee was held in the home of Mr. Louis Naglak. It was decided at this meeting that a census be taken of the Polish families living in Olyphant and that affairs be held to raise money for the buying of property. On September 13, 1909 property was bought from Mr. and Mrs. Patrick Kelley. There were three homes on the property: one was to serve as a rectory; another was to become a convent; and the third was to be raised for the construction of a church. The Committee reported its progress to His Excellency, the Most Reverend Michael J. Hoban, who at that time was the Bishop of the Diocese of Scranton. -
Death and the Afterlife in Homer
Death and the Afterlife in Homer Death and what happens after death are universal concerns for humanity; around the world different cultures and religions contemplate our existence, and try to make sense of both our place in the world and our deaths. Although we no longer (for the most part) follow the religious beliefs of the ancient Greeks and Romans, their exploration of mortality and the afterlife can nonetheless be emotionally powerful and meaningful for us. In what follows, we will consider the presentation of death and the afterlife in some of the earliest Greek literature, Homer’s Iliad and Odyssey. The most common name for the underworld was Hades, a personified god and brother of Zeus, but also a place to which the souls of departed mortals go. Hades is in fact far more commonly mentioned as the underworld than as a personified god in Greek literature, although we do see him as an actual character in some myths, most famously in the story of the abduction of Persesphone by Hades, a tale told in the Homeric Hymn to Demeter. In post-classical times, the term Hades was adopted by Christian authors, including the early Church Fathers, Dante and Milton, to refer to the Christian concept of Hell. The term used is the same, but it is important to distinguish between the Christian conception of Hell and Hades. For Christians, Hell is a place to which the souls of the wicked descend after death, whereas the souls of the good are taken to Heaven to be with God. The ancient Greek concept is extremely different. -
Daniel 1. Who Was Daniel? the Name the Name Daniel Occurs Twice In
Daniel 1. Who was Daniel? The name The name Daniel occurs twice in the Book of Ezekiel. Ezek 14:14 says that even Noah, Daniel, and Job could not save a sinful country, but could only save themselves. Ezek 28:3 asks the king of Tyre, “are you wiser than Daniel?” In both cases, Daniel is regarded as a legendary wise and righteous man. The association with Noah and Job suggests that he lived a long time before Ezekiel. The protagonist of the Biblical Book of Daniel, however, is a younger contemporary of Ezekiel. It may be that he derived his name from the legendary hero, but he cannot be the same person. A figure called Dan’el is also known from texts found at Ugarit, in northern Syrian, dating to the second millennium BCE. He is the father of Aqhat, and is portrayed as judging the cause of the widow and the fatherless in the city gate. This story may help explain why the name Daniel is associated with wisdom and righteousness in the Hebrew Bible. The name means “God is my judge,” or “judge of God.” Daniel acquires a new identity, however, in the Book of Daniel. As found in the Hebrew Bible, the book consists of 12 chapters. The first six are stories about Daniel, who is portrayed as a youth deported from Jerusalem to Babylon, who rises to prominence at the Babylonian court. The second half of the book recounts a series of revelations that this Daniel received and were interpreted for him by an angel. -
Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: a Critical Evaluation of Two Translations
Journal of Education and Practice www.iiste.org ISSN 2222-1735 (Paper) ISSN 2222-288X (Online) Vol.8, No.2, 2017 Mistranslations of the Prophets' Names in the Holy Quran: A Critical Evaluation of Two Translations Izzeddin M. I. Issa Dept. of English & Translation, Jadara University, PO box 733, Irbid, Jordan Abstract This study is devoted to discuss the renditions of the prophets' names in the Holy Quran due to the authority of the religious text where they reappear, the significance of the figures who carry them, the fact that they exist in many languages, and the fact that the Holy Quran addresses all mankind. The data are drawn from two translations of the Holy Quran by Ali (1964), and Al-Hilali and Khan (1993). It examines the renditions of the twenty five prophets' names with reference to translation strategies in this respect, showing that Ali confused the conveyance of six names whereas Al-Hilali and Khan confused the conveyance of four names. Discussion has been raised thereupon to present the correct rendition according to English dictionaries and encyclopedias in addition to versions of the Bible which add a historical perspective to the study. Keywords: Mistranslation, Prophets, Religious, Al-Hilali, Khan. 1. Introduction In Prophets’ names comprise a significant part of people's names which in turn constitutes a main subdivision of proper nouns which include in addition to people's names the names of countries, places, months, days, holidays etc. In terms of translation, many translators opt for transliterating proper names thinking that transliteration is a straightforward process depending on an idea deeply rooted in many people's minds that proper nouns are never translated or that the translation of proper names is as Vermes (2003:17) states "a simple automatic process of transference from one language to another." However, in the real world the issue is different viz. -
The Chaplet of St. Michael
The Chaplet of St. Michael O God, come to my assistance. O Lord, make haste to help me. Glory be to the Father, etc. 1. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Seraphim may the Lord make us worthy to burn with the fire of perfect charity. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 2. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Cherubim may the Lord grant us the grace to leave the ways of sin and run in the paths of Christian perfection. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 3. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Thrones may the Lord infuse into our hearts a true and sincere spirit of humility. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 4. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Dominations may the Lord give us grace to govern our senses and overcome any unruly passions. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 5. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Virtues may the Lord preserve us from evil and falling into temptation. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 6. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Powers may the Lord protect our souls against the snares and temptations of the devil. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 7. By the intercession of St. Michael and the celestial Choir of Principalities may God fill our souls with a true spirit of obedience. Amen. Our Father and three Hail Marys 8. -
1. What Does a Prophet Do? A. to Deliver God's Word to All His People
1. What does a prophet do? a. To deliver God’s word to d. All of the Ab ove all his people b. Receives God’s word and obeys him c. God’s messenger 2. What did God reveal to Elisha? a. The plans of King c. His grades at school Aram d. Tests that his teacher b. Heaven will give him 3. When the servant saw the army surrounding the city with horses and chariots he was very________________. a. Happy b. Scared c. Tired d. Mad Mahragan 2013 Grades 1-2 Workbook P a g e | 1 4. Why was Elisha not afraid? a. Because he had a lot c. Because King Aram more people than was his friend King Aram d. None of the Above b. Because his eyes were always looking towards God 5. “What did Elisha tell his servant, “Do not _____________, for those who are with us are ________________ than those who are with ______________.” 2 Kings ______:16 6. What did the servant see after Elisha prayed for him? a. God’s Army c. Elisha b. Nothing d. God Mahragan 2013 Grades 1-2 Workbook P a g e | 2 1) Where is Church bell located? a. Pool c. Playground b. Church’s Tower d. School 2) What does “Lamb” mean? a. All the Orbanas that are b. Candy presented to Abouna c. Puppy during the liturgy d. Pizza 3) The ______________ is the House of God where we go to be with Him. The Church is where I was born through _____________________ It’s my favorite ______________to go, and the sound of its __________________ is so beautiful. -
John the Baptist Conferring the Aaronic Priesthood
John the Baptist Conferring the Aaronic Priesthood Doctrine and Covenants 13; Joseph Smith—History 1:68–73 Upon you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah I confer the Priesthood of Aaron, which holds the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the gospel of repentance, and of baptism by immersion for the remission of sins. Doctrine and Covenants 13 oseph Smith translated the golden plates into Holy Ghost. The angel commanded Joseph and English, and Oliver Cowdery wrote the trans- Oliver to be baptized. He told Joseph to baptize Jlation down. While translating, they learned Oliver and then Oliver to baptize Joseph. (See about baptism for the remission of sins. On May Joseph Smith—History 1:70.) 15, 1829, they went into the woods to pray, to They baptized each other in the Susquehanna ask Heavenly Father about baptism. (See Joseph River near Harmony, Pennsylvania. Then, fol- Smith—History 1:68, 72.) lowing the angel’s instructions, Joseph laid his As they prayed, an angel from heaven appeared hands upon Oliver’s head and ordained Oliver in a cloud of light. He laid his hands on Joseph to the Aaronic Priesthood. Oliver then ordained and Oliver and ordained them, saying, “Upon Joseph in the same way. (See Joseph Smith— you my fellow servants, in the name of Messiah, History 1:71; D&C 13, section heading.) I confer the Priesthood of Aaron, which holds The angel said his name was John the Baptist. the keys of the ministering of angels, and of the He told them he was acting under the direction gospel of repentance, and of baptism by im- of Peter, James, and John, who held the keys mersion for the remission of sins; and this shall of the Melchizedek Priesthood. -
Babcock Family Papers
Babcock Family papers A Guide to the collection at the Connecticut Historical Society Collection Overview Repository: Connecticut Historical Society, Hartford, Connecticut Creator : Babcock family. Title : Babcock Family Papers Dates : 1788-1859 Extent : 1 linear foot (2 boxes) Location: Ms 14532 Language: English Biographical Sketch Elisha Babcock (1753-1821), his brother John Babcock, Jr. (1764-1843), and John's son, Sidney Babcock (1797-1884) all worked in the printing and publishing business in Connecticut. In addition to printing books, the Babcocks worked as publishers and wholesalers to booksellers out of state including New York, South Carolina, Louisiana and the West Indies. John Babcock, Sr. son of John and Sarah (Billings) Babcock, was born in Milton (now Quincy), Massachusetts on August 25, 1731. He married Rachel Adams in 1753. She was born on January 6, 1732 in Milton, and was a cousin to John Adams, the second President of the United States. They had ten children: Lucretia (August 13, 1755-September 25, 1824), who married William Brewer of Wilbraham, Massachusetts; Mary (born August 20, 1757), who married Zenas Bliss of Springfield, Massachusetts on September 25, 1824; Abigail (born February 11, 1762), who married Mr. Gardner of Massachusetts; Sarah (Sally), who married Ephraim Grant of Tolland, Connecticut; Rachel (born November 25, 1770), who married Dr. Nathaniel Hooker; Reuhama (or Ruhamah), who died unmarried; Samuel (born February 18, 1760), who married Miss Cone of Bolton, Connecticut; Andrew (April 19, 1773-March 29, 1789), who died unmarried at age seventeen; and two sons who joined him in the family business, John and Elisha. The Babcocks moved to Hartford soon after the Revolution, and John went into the printing business. -
Book Introductions: Job – Malachi
Book Introductions: Job - Malachi Job offers a hard look at suffering from both the human and divine perspec7ve. In the first two chapters we catch a glimpse of the spiritual background as Satan and God discuss righteous Job (and then Satan is allowed to bring disasters into Job’s life). From chapter 3 on we see Job responding, without the perspec7ve of chapters 1-2. Much of the book is a cycle of debate between Job and three men, plus a fourth nearer the end. The “friends” are clear that suffering is a consequence for sin, so Job must be a terrible sinner. Job calls on God to disclose his righteousness. Where does wisdom come from in the harsh reali7es of life? It cannot come from human thought, it must come from God. Finally God speaks and Job is humbled by dozens of ques7ons from the Almighty One. God is God. Job is dumbfounded. Finally God restores Job’s fortunes again. There is no easy answer for undeserved suffering, but Job urges us to look heavenwards in every circumstance. Psalms is a collec7on of collec7ons of poetry, many wriSen by King David. Psalms 1 and 2 act as an introduc7on to the book. The first psalm contrasts the enduring blessing of the believer who meditates on God’s Word with the flee7ng and vain eXistence of the wicked. Yet the book clearly demonstrates that life usually doesn’t seem to work out as it should – the wicked seem to prosper, the righteous seem to suffer, things are not right. So the various psalmists ask ques7ons, complain, occasionally have an emo7onal outburst.