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Home , Christopher Plummer, Corporal Nym, Frances Hyland, Graham Abbey, Jack Wetherall, Jacques Godin

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BREATH OF KINGS: REBELLION | REDEMPTION BY CONCEIVED AND ADAPTED BY WORLD PREMIÈRE COMMISSIONED BY THE DIRECTORS MITCHELL CUSHMAN AND WEYNI MENGESHA

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Cover: From left: Graham Abbey, Tom Rooney, Araya Mengesha, .. Photography by Don Dixon. Table of Contents

The Place The Stratford Festival Story ...... 1

The Play The Playwright: William Shakespeare ...... 3 A Shakespearean Timeline ...... 4 Plot Synopsis ...... 6 Sources and Origins ...... 8 Stratford Festival Production History ...... 9 Who’s Who – Richard II - Breath of Kings - Rebellion (a) ...... 14 Who’s Who - Henry IV, Part 1 - Breath of Kings - Rebellion (b) ...... 15 Who’s Who – Henry IV, Part 2 - Breath of Kings - Redemption (a) ...... 16 Who’s Who – - Breath of Kings - Redemption (b) ...... 17 The English Monarchs of Histories ...... 18

The Production Artistic Team and Cast ...... 20

Lesson Plans and Activities Richard II’s Abdication ...... 21 A Tale of Two “Fathers”: A Look at and Henry IV ...... 25 A Look at Chorus in Henry V’s Prologue ...... 29 Discussion Topics ...... 31

Resources ...... 32 sun of York.” Those words marked the THE triumphant end to what had sometimes seemed a hopeless struggle against the odds to turn Patterson’s dream into a STRATFORD reality – and the beginning of an astonishing new chapter in Canadian STORY theatre history. The other production of that inaugural six-week season, a modern- That Stratford, , is the home of the dress version of All’s Well That Ends Well, largest classical in North opened the following night, confirming the America is ultimately attributable to the opinion of celebrated novelist Robertson dream of one man, Stratford-born Davies that the new Festival was an journalist Tom Patterson. achievement “of historic importance not only in , but wherever theatre is taken seriously – that is to say, in every civilized country in the world.”

Time proved the truth of Davies’ words, for the Festival’s pillared, porticoed thrust stage revolutionized the performance of classical and contemporary theatre in the latter half of the 20th century and inspired

the design of more than a dozen other In the early , seeing the economy of major venues around the world, including his home town endangered by the the Guthrie Theatre in , the withdrawal of the railway industry that had Beaumont Theatre at Lincoln Centre and, sustained it for nearly 80 years, Patterson in , the Chichester Festival conceived the idea of a theatre festival Theatre, the Crucible Theatre in Sheffield devoted to the works of William and the Olivier Theatre at the Royal Shakespeare. His vision won the support National Theatre in . Over the not only of Stratford City Council and an years, the Festival has made some enthusiastic committee of citizens, but amendments to the original design of also of the legendary British actor and Moiseiwitsch’s stage, without changing its director , who agreed to essential format. become the proposed festival’s first Artistic Director. The Stratford Shakespearean Festival of Canada was incorporated as a legal entity on October 31, 1952. A giant canvas tent was ordered from a firm in , and in the parklands by Stratford’s Avon River work began on a concrete amphitheatre at the centre of which was to be a revolutionary thrust stage created to Guthrie’s specifications by internationally renowned theatrical designer Tanya Moiseiwitsch.

From the balcony of that stage, on the At the end of the 1956 season, the giant night of July 13, 1953, actor Alec canvas tent that had housed the Festival’s Guinness spoke the opening lines of first four seasons was dismantled for the Richard III: “Now is the winter of our last time to make way for a new and discontent/ Made glorious summer by this permanent facility to be erected around

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 1 2016 Study Guide the existing stage. Designed by architect Birmingham Conservatory for Classical Robert Fairfield, the new building would be Theatre. one of the most distinctive in the world of the performing arts: its circular floor plan Stratford Festival performances take place and crenellated roof paying striking tribute in four distinct stages: to the Festival’s origins under canvas. Festival Theatre In the years since its first season, the Stratford Festival has set benchmarks for the production not only of Shakespeare, Molière, the ancient Greeks and other great dramatists of the past, but also of such 20th-century masters as Samuel Beckett, , , , Eugene O’Neill and Avon Theatre . In addition to acclaimed productions of the best in operetta and musical theatre, it has also showcased–and in many cases premièred– works by outstanding Canadian and other contemporary playwrights. Tom Patterson Theatre Its artists have included the finest actors, directors and designers in Canada, as well as many from abroad. Among the internationally renowned performers who have graced its stages are , , , , , , Brian Studio Theatre Dennehy, , Megan Follows, , , , , , , , Eric McCormack, Loreena McKennitt, , , , , , Douglas Rain, , , , , , , For interactive classroom activities related to and Al Waxman. the Stratford Festival, go to the CBC Digital Archives: http://bit.ly/Yy7eK6 Drawing audiences of more than 400,000 each year, the Festival season now runs from April to November, with productions being presented in four unique . It offers an extensive program of educational and enrichment activities for students, teachers and other patrons, and operates its own in-house school of professional artist development: The

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 2 2016 Study Guide THE PLAYWRIGHT: WILLIAM SHAKESPEARE

Born in Stratford-upon-Avon, a small income that enabled him, in 1597, to buy Warwickshire town, in 1564, William a mansion back in Stratford. In 1599 he Shakespeare was the eldest son of John became a shareholder in London’s newly Shakespeare, a glover, and Mary Arden, built . the daughter of a wealthy farmer. The exact date of his birth is unknown, but In 1603, Shakespeare’s company was baptismal records point to it being the awarded a royal patent, becoming known same as that of his death, April 23. He as the King’s Men. Possibly as early as probably attended what is now the Edward 1610, the playwright retired to his home in VI Grammar School, where he would have Stratford-upon-Avon, living there – and studied Latin literature, and at 18, he continuing to invest in real estate – until married a farmer’s daughter, Anne his death on April 23, 1616. He is buried Hathaway, with whom he had three in the town’s Holy Trinity Church. children: Susanna, born in 1583, and, two years later, the twins Hamnet (who died in In the first collected edition of his works in childhood) and Judith. 1623, fellow dramatist Ben Jonson called him a man “not of an age, but for all time”. Nothing further is known of his life until Not only did Shakespeare write some of 1592, when his earliest known play, the the most popular plays of all time, but he first part of Henry VI, became a hit in was a very prolific writer, writing 38 London, where Shakespeare was now (canonically accepted) works in 23 years. working as an actor. Soon afterwards, an His work covered many outbreak of the plague forced the subjects and styles, including comedies, temporary closure of the theatres, and tragedies, histories and romances, all Shakespeare turned for a while to writing bearing his hallmark expansive plots, poetry. By 1594, however, he was back in extraordinary language and humanist the theatre, acting with the Lord themes. Shakespeare enjoyed great Chamberlain’s Men. He quickly popularity in his lifetime, and 400 years established himself as one of London’s later, he is still the most produced most successful dramatists, with an playwright in the world.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 3 2016 Study Guide ABOUT Breath of Kings A SHAKESPEAREAN TIMELINE

1558 crowned. 1564 William Shakespeare born. 1572 Actors not under the protection of a patron declared rogues and vagabonds. 1576 “The Theatre,” the first public playhouse in London, opens. 1577 “The Curtain,” London’s second playhouse, opens. 1578 James VI (later James I of England) takes over government of Scotland. 1579 Publication of North’s English translation of Plutarch’s Lives of the Noble Grecians and Romans. 1580 Francis Drake returns in triumph form his voyage around the world; travelling players perform at Stratford. 1582 Shakespeare marries ; Susanna is born six months later and the twins Hamnet and Judith in 1585. 1587 “The Rose” theatre opens in London. Mary Queen of Scots is executed. 1588 Spanish Armada defeated. 1589 Shakespeare finds work as an actor in London; he lives apart from his wife for 21 years. 1590-1591 The Two Gentlemen of Verona, . 1591 2 Henry VI, 3 Henry VI.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 4 2016 Study Guide 1592 Thousands die of plague in London; theatres closed. 1 Henry VI, , Richard III. 1593 . 1594 Shakespeare becomes a shareholder of his theatre company, The Lord Chamberlain’s Men. 1594 Love’s Labour’s Lost. 1595 Richard II, , A Midsummer Night’s Dream. 1596 Shakespeare’s son, Hamnet, dies. 1596-1597 , , 1 Henry IV. 1597-1598 The Merry Wives of Windsor, 2 Henry IV, . 1598 “The Globe” theatre built. 1598-1599 Henry V, . 1599-1600 . 1600-1601 , . 1601 Shakespeare’s patron arrested for treason following the Essex rebellion; he is later pardoned. 1602 . 1603 Queen Elizabeth dies and is succeeded by James I; Shakespeare’s theatre company becomes the King’s Men. 1603 Measure for Measure, . 1604 Work begins on the King James bible. 1604-1605 All’s Well That Ends Well, , (Q) 1606 , . 1607 Pericles, Prince of Tyre. 1608 . 1609 The Winter’s Tale. 1610 King Lear (F), . 1610 Shakespeare retires to Stratford-upon-Avon. 1611 . 1611 King James version of the bible published. 1613 Henry VIII (All is True), . 1613 “The Globe” theatre burns down. 1616 Shakespeare dies in Stratford-upon-Avon. 1623 The first folio of Shakespeare’s collected plays is published.

* some dates are approximate

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 5 2016 Study Guide ABOUT Breath of Kings SYNOPSIS OF THE PLOTS

SYNOPSIS - Rebellion

In a prologue to the play proper, the Duke of Gloucester is murdered while detained in Calais on a charge of treason against his nephew, King Richard II.

Richard’s cousin Henry Hereford (known as Bolingbroke), accuses Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk, of the assassination; Mowbray responds with counter-accusations of treason against Bolingbroke. When they refuse to be reconciled, Richard – who bears ultimate responsibility for Gloucester’s death – banishes them both.

Not long afterwards, Bolingbroke’s father, , dies, bitterly railing against the king – who promptly confiscates Gaunt’s estate to finance his forthcoming expedition against . Supported by many among the English nobility, Bolingbroke returns from exile with an army to reclaim his inheritance. His allies include two generations of the Percy family: the Earls of Northumberland and Worcester, and Northumberland’s son, Harry Percy, known as Hotspur.

Richard returns from Ireland to find himself bereft of allies. Eventually, he consents to resign his throne in favour of Bolingbroke, who becomes King Henry IV. Richard is imprisoned, while his queen is banished to France. Sir Pierce Exton, acting on what he believes to be the new king’s wishes, murders Richard in his cell. Henry publicly deplores this deed, and announces a crusade to the Holy Land to atone for it.

That plan has to be abandoned, however, when Henry’s reign runs into trouble. Rebellion has already broken out in , and Henry’s initial rejoicing at news of a victory over the Scots turns to dismay when a dispute over prisoners alienates the Percy family and drives them into the rebels’ arms.

Henry’s worries are compounded by the behaviour of his son, Hal, who spends his time in idle pranks with a tavern-haunting crowd of dissolute companions – chief among them the corpulent and colourful rogue Sir . Hal assures his father, however, that he will soon reveal his true worth as a prince and help his father to victory – a promise that he fulfills in battle against the rebels at Shrewsbury, where he kills Hotspur in single combat.

SYNOPSIS – Redemption

Having defeated one rebellion, led by the Percy family, King Henry IV must now face another, fomented by the Archbishop of York. Meanwhile, the king remains concerned about his son, , who, despite having demonstrated his worth on the field of battle, where he slew Harry Percy (known as Hotspur), continues to consort with such unsuitable companions as the disreputable braggart Sir John Falstaff.

Falstaff – who played an inglorious part in the defeat of the Percy rebellion, falsely trying to take credit for Hotspur’s death – is now sent to Gloucestershire, where the aged justices

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 6 2016 Study Guide Shallow and Silence are to assist him in recruiting troops; he is unimpressed, however, both with the quality of their candidates and with their reminiscences of their youth.

Prince John, Hal’s younger brother, parleys with the rebels and offers reconciliation; however, as soon as he is assured their armies have dispersed, he arrests the Archbishop and other leaders on charges of treason. The insurrection is crushed – but the king’s health is failing. Before he dies, he advises Prince Hal to forestall further rebellion by uniting the people in the common cause of a war abroad.

Hearing of Henry’s death, Falstaff expects preferment from the new king. But at his coronation, Hal, now Henry V and mindful of the responsibilities of a ruler, banishes his former crony from his presence. Broken-hearted, Falstaff dies not long after.

After despatching a nest of conspirators who intended to assassinate him, the new King Henry embarks on a campaign against France. Having forced the surrender of Harfleur by threatening atrocities against its citizens, he turns down the French king’s offer of a truce and digs in for a decisive battle at Agincourt.

Vastly superior in numbers, the French see the exhausted English as no threat; however, Henry, who has spent the night before the battle walking incognito among his troops, rallies them in the morning with a brilliantly stirring speech and leads them to a triumphant victory. He then makes peace – and consolidates his conquest – by marrying the French king’s daughter, Princess Katherine.

Stratford Festival 2016: Tom Rooney as Richard II, Graham Abbey as Henry IV. Photography by Don Dixon.

Stratford Festival 2016: Araya Mengesha as Hal/Henry V, Geraint Wyn Davies as Falstaff. Photography by Don Dixon.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 7 2016 Study Guide ABOUT Breath of Kings SOURCES AND ORIGINS

Breath of Kings is a compilation of what is often referred to as the , four plays written by William Shakespeare: Richard II, Henry IV Part I, Henry IV Part II and Henry V.

Shakespeare based his history plays on second edition of ’s Chronicles, a multi-volume work providing the history of the British Isles.

Breath of Kings is a sweeping epic, developed in the Festival’s Laboratory by Graham Abbey, with participation from Daniel Brooks, John Murrell and professors Jane Freeman and Randall Martin. It follows the lives, battles and deaths of kings Richard II, Henry IV and Henry V.

STAGE HISTORY

This is the première production of Breath of Kings.

Stratford Festival’s Productions Now on Film! Sun Life Financial, through its Making the Arts More Accessible™ program, presents STRATFORD FESTIVAL HD, The Best of Shakespeare, on cinema screens in spectacular HD www.stratfordfestival.ca/HD

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 8 2016 Study Guide ABOUT Breath of Kings STRATFORD FESTIVAL PRODUCTION HISTORY

This is the first production of Breath of Kings at the Stratford Festival. The production history for the Henriad – Richard II, Henry IV Part I, Henry IV Part II and Henry V – is given below.

Richard II

1964: Festival Theatre. Directed by Stuart Burge and designed by Desmond Heeley. The production featured William Hutt (Richard II), (Queen Isabel), Leo Ciceri (Bolingbroke), Patrick Boxill (John of Gaunt), Leon Pownall (), Tony van Bridge (Northumberland), Eric House (York), Len Birman (Aumerle), Mary Savidge (Duchess of Gloucester), Patrick Crean (Salisbury), Len Cariou (Bushy), Heath Lamberts (Bagot), Garrick Hagon (Green) and Bruno Gerussi (Mowbray). Music by John Cook. Patrick Crean was the fight arranger.

1979: Avon Theatre. Directed by and designed by Daphne Dare. The production featured Stephen Russell/Frank Maraden/Nicholas Pennell (Richard II), Marti Maraden (Queen Isabel), Craig Dudley/Jim McQueen/Rod Beattie (Bolingbroke), (John of Gaunt), Michael Totzke (Henry Percy), Ted Follows (Northumberland), Eric Donkin (York), Lorne Kennedy (Aumerle), Amelia Hall (Duchess of Gloucester), (Salisbury), Wilfrid Dube (Bushy), Edward Evanko/Gregory Wanless (Bagot), John Wojda (Green) and Rodger Barton (Mowbray). Music by Berthold Carrière. Michael J. Whitfield was the lighting designer and Patrick Crean was the fight arranger.

1983: Festival Theatre. Directed by and designed by John Pennoyer and Michael Annals. The production featured Brian Bedford (Richard II), Rosemary Dunsmore (Queen Isabel), Cedric Smith (Bolingbroke), Lewis Gordon (John of Gaunt), Simon Bradbury (Henry Percy), Graeme Campbell (Northumberland), Douglas Campbell (York), John Jarvis (Aumerle), Elizabeth Leigh-Milne (Duchess of Gloucester), John Novak (Salisbury), Keith Dinicol (Bushy), Hardee T. Linehan (Bagot), Robert LaChance (Green) and Ned Schmidtke (Mowbray). Music by Louis Applebaum. Harry Frehner was the lighting director.

1999: Tom Patterson Theatre. Directed by Martha Henry. Charlie Tomlinson was the assistant director and Andrew Freund was the apprentice director. Astrid Janson was the set designer and Allan Wilbee was the costume designer. The production featured Geordie Johnson (Richard II), Maggie Blake (Queen Isabel), John Dolan (Bolingbroke), Joseph Shaw (John of Gaunt), Nicolas van Burek (Henry Percy), Robert King (Northumberland), John Gilbert (York), Martin Albert (Aumerle), Patricia Collins (Duchess of Gloucester), Stephen Russell (Salisbury), Jordan Pettle (Bushy), Steve Ross (Bagot), Donald Carrier (Green) and Bradley C. Rudy (Mowbray). Louise Guinand was the lighting designer, Todd Charlton was the sound designer and James Binkley was the fight director.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 9 2016 Study Guide Henry IV Part I

1958: Festival Theatre. Directed by Michael Langham; designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch and Marie Day. The productions featured Max Helpmann (King Henry IV), Douglas Rain (Prince Hal), Jason Robards Jr. (Henry Percy – Hotspur), Douglas Campbell (John Falstaff), Peter Donat (Richard Vernon), Powys Thomas (Owen Glendower), William Hutt (Worcester), Conrad Bain (Northumberland), Charmion King (Lady Percy), (), Diana Maddox (Lady Mortimer) and Christopher Plummer (Bardolph). Music by John Cook. Douglas Campbell was the fight arranger.

1965: Festival Theatre. Directed by Stuart Burge and designed by Desmond Heeley. The production featured Leo Ciceri (King Henry IV), Douglas Rain (Prince Hal), Douglas Campbell (Henry Percy – Hotspur), Tony van Bridge (John Falstaff), Bruno Gerussi (Richard Vernon), Powys Thomas (Owen Glendower), William Needles (Worcester), Mervyn Blake (Northumberland), Martha Henry (Lady Percy), Mary Savidge (Mistress Quickly), Joan Karasevich (Lady Mortimer) and Eric Christmas (Bardolph). Music by John Cook. Patrick Crean was the fight arranger.

1979: Festival Theatre. Directed by Peter Moss; designed by Daphne Dare and John Pennoyer. The production featured Douglas Rain (King Henry IV), Richard Monette (Prince Hal), Stephen Russell (Henry Percy – Hotspur), Lewis Gordon (John Falstaff), Philip J. Craig (Richard Vernon), Patrick Christopher (Owen Glendower), Cedric Smith (Worcester), Graeme Campbell (Northumberland), Margot Dionne (Lady Percy), Jennifer Phipps (Mistress Quickly), Alicia Jeffery (Lady Mortimer) and John Cutts (Bardolph). Music by Gabriel Charpentier. Michael J. Whitfield was the lighting director and Patrick Crean was the fight arranger.

1984: Third Stage (now the Tom Patterson Theatre). Directed by Michael Langham and designed by Desmond Heeley. The production featured John Franklyn-Robbins (King Henry IV), David Ferry (Prince Hal), Joseph Ziegler (Henry Percy – Hotspur), Douglas Campbell (John Falstaff), John Moffat (Richard Vernon), Graeme Campbell (Owen Glendower), Nicholas Pennell (Worcester), Graeme Campbell (Northumberland), Maria Ricossa (Lady Percy), Mary Haney (Mistress Quickly), Maggie Hurulak (Lady Mortimer) and Laurence Russo (Bardolph). Music by Louis Applebaum. Louise Guinand was the lighting designer, B.H. Barry was the fight arranger and Elliott Hayes was the dramaturge.

2001: Tom Patterson Theatre. Directed by Scott Wentworth; Sabian Trout was the assistant director. Patrick Clark was the designer. The production featured Benedict Campbell (King Henry IV), Graham Abbey (Prince Hal), Jonathan Goad (Henry Percy – Hotspur), Douglas Campbell (John Falstaff), Evan Buliung (Richard Vernon), Stephen Russell (Owen Glendower), Richard McMillan (Worcester), Ian Deakin (Northumberland), Jane Spence (Lady Percy), Diana D’Aquila (Mistress Quickly), (Lady Mortimer) and Barry MacGregor (Bardolph). Music by Craig Bohmler. Louise Guinand was the lighting designer, Todd Charleton was the sound designer and John Stead was the fight director.

2006: Tom Patterson Theatre. Directed by Richard Monette; Timothy Askew was the associate director. Dana Osborne was the designer. The production featured Scott Wentworth (King Henry IV), David Snelgrove (Prince Hal), Adam O’Bryne (Henry Percy – Hotspur), James Blendick (John Falstaff), Brian Tree (Richard Vernon), Raymond O’Neill (Owen Glendower), Sean Arbuckle (Worcester), Brian Tree (Northumberland), Jennifer Mawhinney (Lady Percy), Domini Blythe (Mistress Quickly), Laura Condlln (Lady Mortimer)

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 10 2016 Study Guide and Barry MacGregor (Bardolph). Music by Keith Thomas. Steven Hawkins was the lighting designer, Wade Staples was the sound designer, dance staged by Lawrence Heagert and James Binkley and John Stead were the fight directors.

Henry IV Part II

1965: Festival Theatre. Directed by Stuart Burge and designed by Desmond Heeley. The production featured Leo Ciceri (King Henry IV), Douglas Rain (Prince Hal), Tony van Bridge (John Falstaff), John C. Juliani (John of Lancaster), William Needles (Lord Chief Justice), Eric Christmas (Bardolph), Peter Donat (Pistol), William Hutt (Justice Shallow), Mervyn Blake (Justice Silence), Al Kozlik (Feeble), Martha Henry (Lady Percy), Mary Savidge (Mistress Quickly), Frances Hyland () and Ken James (Rumour). Music by John Cook.

1979: Festival Theatre. Directed by Peter Moss. Designed by Daphne Dare and John Pennoyer. The production featured Douglas Rain (King Henry IV), Richard Monette (Prince Hal), Lewis Gordon (John Falstaff), Stewart Arnott (John of Lancaster), Max Helpmann (Lord Chief Justice), John Cutts (Bardolph), Rod Beattie (Pistol), Cedric Smith (Justice Shallow), Mervyn Blake (Justice Silence), Richard McMillan (Feeble), Margot Dionne (Lady Percy), Jennifer Phipps (Mistress Quickly), Martha Henry (Doll Tearsheet) and John Wojda (Rumour). Music by Gabriel Charpentier. Michael J. Whitfield was the lighting designer.

2001: Tom Patterson Theatre. Directed by Scott Wentworth; Sabian Trout was the assistant director. Patrick Clark was the designer. The production featured Benedict Campbell (King Henry IV), Graham Abbey (Prince Hal), Douglas Campbell (John Falstaff), Robert Hamilton (John of Lancaster), Stephen Russell (Lord Chief Justice), Barry MacGregor (Bardolph), Keith Dinicol (Pistol), Lewis Gordon (Justice Shallow), William Needles (Justice Silence), Ian Deakin (Feeble), Jane Spence (Lady Percy), Diane D’Aquila (Mistress Quickly), Kate Trotter (Doll Tearsheet) and Keith Dinicol (Rumour). Music by Craig Bohmler. Louise Guinard was the lighting designer, Todd Charlton was the sound designer and John Stead was the fight director.

Henry V

1956: The Tent. Directed by Michael Langham and designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch. The production featured Christopher Plummer (Henry V), Robert Goodier (Exeter), Tony van Bridge (York), William Hutt (Archbishop of Canterbury), Robert Christie (Bishop of Ely), David Gardner (Gower), Eric House (), Douglas Rain (Williams), Tony Van Bridge (Bardolph), Douglas Campbell (Pistol), Robin Gammell (Boy), Gratien Gelinas (Charles VI), Roger Garceau (Lewis the Dauphin), Lloyd Bochner (Burgundy), (Montjoy), Ginette Letondal (Katherine), Germaine Giroux (Alice), Helene Winston (Nell Quickly) and William Needles (Chorus). Music by Louis Applebaum.

1956: Tour, Assembly Hall, Edinborough, Scotland. Directed by Michael Langham and designed by Tanya Moiseiwitsch. The production featured Christopher Plummer (Henry V), Robert Goodier (Exeter), Tony van Bridge (York), William Hutt (Archbishop of Canterbury), Robert Christie (Bishop of Ely), David Gardner (Gower), Eric House (Fluellen), Douglas Rain (Williams), Tony Van Bridge (Bardolph), Douglas Campbell (Pistol), Robin Gammell (Boy), Gratien Gelinas (Charles VI), Roger Garceau (Lewis the Dauphin), Lloyd Bochner (Burgundy), Jean Coutu (Montjoy), Ginette Letondal (Katherine), Germaine Giroux (Alice), Helene Winston (Nell Quickly) and William Needles (Chorus). Music by Louis Applebaum.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 11 2016 Study Guide 1966: Festival Theatre. Directed by Michael Langham and designed by Desmond Heeley. The production featured Douglas Rain (Henry V), Tony van Bridge (Exeter), Eric Donkin (York), Briain Petchey (Archbishop of Canterbury), Eric Donkin (Bishop of Ely), John Byron (Gower), Bernard Behrens (Fluellen), Barry MacGregor (Williams), Eric Christmas (Bardolph), Powys Thomas (Pistol), Larry Aubrey (Boy), Leo Ciceri (Charles VI), Gaetan Lebreche (Lewis the Dauphin), Jean-Louis Roux (Burgundy), Richard Monette (Montjoy), Diana Leblanc (Katherine), Kim Yaroshevskaya (Alice), Amelia Hall (Nell Quickly) and William Hutt (Chorus). Music by John Cook. Patrick Crean was the fight arranger.

1967: CBC Television Production. Directed by Michael Langham and designed by Desmond Heeley. Directed for television by Lorne Freed. The production featured Douglas Rain (Henry V), Tony van Bridge (Exeter), Eric Donkin (York), Briain Petchey (Archbishop of Canterbury), Eric Donkin (Bishop of Ely), John Byron (Gower), Bernard Behrens (Fluellen), Barry MacGregor (Williams), Eric Christmas (Bardolph), Powys Thomas (Pistol), Heath Lamberts (Boy), Jean Gascon (Charles VI), Gaetan Lebreche (Lewis the Dauphin), Jean-Louis Roux (Burgundy), Richard Monette (Montjoy), Diana Leblanc (Katherine), Kim Yaroshevskaya (Alice), Amelia Hall (Nell Quickly) and William Hutt (Chorus). Music by John Cook. Patrick Crean was the fight arranger.

1980: Festival Theatre. Directed by Peter Moss. Designed by Daphne Moss and John Pennoyer. The production featured Richard Monette/Jack Wetherall (Henry V), Lewis Gordon (Exeter), William Merton Malmo (York), Maurice E. Evans (Archbishop of Canterbury), John Wojda (Bishop of Ely), Joel Kenyon (Gower), Barry MacGregor (Fluellen), Richard McMillan (Williams), John Cutts (Bardolph), Rod Beattie (Pistol), Stephen Ouimette (Boy), Maurice Good (Charles VI), Lorne Kennedy (Lewis the Dauphin), William Webster (Montjoy), Diana Leblanc (Katherine), Sophie Gascon (Alice), Amelia Hall (Nell Quickly) and Douglas Rain (Chorus). Music by Gabriel Charpentier. Michael J. Whitfield was the lighting designer, with movement by William Merton Malmo.

1989: Avon Theatre. Directed by John Wood and designed by John Ferguson. The production featured Geraint Wyn Davies (Henry V), Stephen Russell (Exeter), Eric Donkin (Archbishop of Canterbury), Ian White (Bishop of Ely), Kevin Gudahl (Gower), William Dunlop (Fluellen), Robert King (Williams), Nolan Jennings (Bardolph), Peter Donaldson (Pistol), Roger Honeywell (Boy), Eric Donkin (Charles VI), Antoni Cimolino (Lewis the Dauphin), Mervyn Blake (Burgundy), Allan Gray (Montjoy), Kim Horsman (Katherine), Anne Wright (Alice and Nell Quickly) and William Needles (Chorus). Music by Alan Laing. John Munro was the lighting designer and Alan Laing was the sound designer.

2001: Avon Theatre. Directed by Jeannette Lambermont; Matthew Kutas was the assistant director. Dany Lyne was the designer. The production featured Graham Abbey (Henry V), Brad Rudy (Exeter), Haysam Kadri (York), Bernard Hopkins (Archbishop of Canterbury), Stephen Russell (Bishop of Ely), Ian Deakin (Gower), Wayne Best (Fluellen), Evan Buliung (Williams), Barry MacGregor (Bardolph), Keith Dinicol (Pistol), Paul Dunn (Boy), Donald Carrier (Charles VI), Nicolas van Burek (Lewis the Dauphin), Joseph Shaw (Burgundy), (Montjoy), Sara Topham (Katherine), Domini Blythe (Alice), Diane D’Aquila (Nell Quickly) and Seana McKenna (Chorus). Barbara Young was the music designer, Bonnie Beecher was the lighting designer, Wade Staples was the sound and video designer, Donna Feore was the choreographer and John Stead was the fight consultant.

2012: Festival Theatre. Directed by Des McAnuff; Lezlie Wade was the associate director and Eric Benson was the assistant director. Robert Brill was the set designer and Paul

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 12 2016 Study Guide Tazewell was the costume designer. The production featured Aaron Krohn (Henry V), Timothy D. Stickney (Exeter), Xuan Fraser (York), James Blendick (Archbishop of Canterbury), David Collins (Bishop of Ely), Wayne Best (Gower), Ben Carlson (Fluellen), Luke Humphrey (Williams), Randy Hughson (Bardolph), Tom Rooney (Pistol), Sophia Walker (Boy), Richard Binsley (Charles VI), Gareth Potter (Lewis the Dauphin), (Montjoy), Bethan Jillard (Katherine), Deborah Hay (Alice) and (Nell Quickly). The following actors played the Chorus: Wayne Best, Richard Binsley, Michael Blake, Dan Chameroy, Juan Chioran, David Collins, Ryan Field, Xuan Fraser, Stephen Gartner, Deborah Hay, Randy Hughson, Luke Humphrey, Robin Hutton, Bethany Jillard, Claire Lautier, Lucy Peacock, Gareth Potter, Tom Rooney, Stephen Russell, Tyrone Savage, Timothy D. Stickney and Sophia Walker. Michael Roth was the composer, Michael Walton was the lighting designer, Peter McBoyle was the sound designer, Adrian Young was the aerial stunt co- ordinator, Robert Blacker was the dramaturge, Nicola Pantin was the choreographer and Steve Rankin was the fight director.

ABOUT THIS PRODUCTION

PERIOD AND SETTING

Rebellion: The production will evoke the historical period and setting of the events depicted – late 14th- and early 15th-century England, Wales and France – but the costuming will likely also have modern overtones.

Redemption: The production will evoke the historical period and setting of the events depicted – 15th-century England and France – but the costuming will likely also have modern overtones.

For more classroom activities, complete with instructions, materials and Ontario curriculum expectation links, visit stratfordfestival.ca/teachingmaterials.

You can also check out the following:  The Forum, a series of remarkable events to enrich the play-going experience: www.stratfordfestival.ca/forum/ .  Stratford Festival’s YouTube channel for behind-the-scenes videos, photos and interviews: www.youtube.com/user/stratfordfestival  Stratford Festival’s Flickr pages: www.flickr.com/photos/stratfest/  Stratford Festival Twitter: twitter.com/stratfest  Stratford Festival Facebook: www.facebook.com/StratfordFestival

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 13 2016 Study Guide Richard II – Breath of Kings – Rebellion (a)

Edward III

6th son / Thomas 1st son / Edward 5th son / Edmund 4th son / John of of Woodstock , (The Black Prince) of Langley, Duke of Gaunt, Duke of Duke of York Lancaster Gloucester

married son married Duchess of York Duchess of Gloucester son

son

Queen Isabel - married - RICHARD II HENRY BOLINGBROKE , later KING HENRY IV Supporters Supporters Edward, Earl of Rutland, Duke of Aumerle Henry Percy, Earl of Northumberland Lord Fitzwater Abbot of Westminster Harry Percy (Hotspur) his son Sir Pierce of Exton Bishop of Carlisle Lord Ross Sir Stephen Scroop Lord Willoughby Thomas Mowbray, Duke of Norfolk Duke of Surrey Earl of Salisbury Lord Berkeley Bushy / Bagot / Green

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 14 2016 Study Guide Associates of Prince Hal Sir John Falstaff Henry IV, Part 1 – Breath of Kings – Rebellion (b) Sir John’s Companions: Hostess, Mistress Nell Quickly THE KING’S PARTY Peto Bardolph Poins Prince Hal Francis (Henry) his son Vintner King Henry IV Gadshill Lord John of Lancaster, his son

THE REBELS

Richard Scrope, Sir Michael Henry Percy, Earl Archbishop of of York Northumberland Sir Richard His brother Owen Glendower, Vernon Thomas Percy, father of Lady Earl of Worcester Mortimer SUPPORTERS Earl of Westmorland Harry - Hotspur, Lady Mortimer, Earl of Douglas Sir Water Blunt Northumberland's married to son Edmund

Kate, Lady Percy, Lord Edmund married to Mortimer, Hotspur brother to Kate

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 15 2016 Study Guide Henry IV, Part 2 – Breath of Kings – Redemption (a) FALSTAFF, HIS COMPANIONS AND OTHER CITIZENS •Peto •Bardolph •Poins •Pistol •Doll Tearsheet Prince Henry, later Sir John Falstaff •Hostess, Mistress Nell Quickly King Henry V •Will Prince John of •Drawer Lancaster •Francis • Humphrey, Duke The Law •Silence of Gloucester •Davy Henry IV Thomas, Duke of •Ralph Mouldy •Peter Bullcalf Clarence Country Soldiers •Francis Feeble •Thomas Wart •Simon Shadow

SUPPORTERS OF THE KING THE REBELS

Sir John Blunt Lady Earl of Westmorland Northumberland, his wife Earl of Surrey Lady Percy, her daughter-in- Sir John Coleville law / widow of Harry Earl of Warwick Hotspur Harcourt Lord Chief Justice Earl of Archbishop of Northumberland York Lord Bardolph

Lord Mowbray Lord Hastings

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 16 2016 Study Guide

Henry V – Breath of Kings – Redemption (b) Chorus THE ENGLISH COURT THE FRENCH COURT

Duke of Lewis, the Exeter Dauphin, their son Charles VI, King Queen Isabel, his of France wife Duke of York Katheriine, their daughter, later Earl of marries Henry V Westmorland Grandpré

Earl of Rambures Huntingdon Duke of Bourbon King Henry V Duke Britaine Earl of Duke of Berri Warwick Duke of Duke of Orleans Bedford Duke of Burgundy Henry IV Earl of (deceased) Salisbury Charles, Delabreth, Constable Duke of Gloucester Governor of Harfleur Archibishop of Monsieur le Fer Canterbury Duke of Montjoy Clarence Herald Bishop Ely Ambassadors

The English Army – Conspirators Officers Richard, Earl of Cambridge Sir Sir Thomas Grey Captain Fluellen Henry, Lord Scroop Captain Gower

Captain Jamy The English Army – Soldiers (Henry visits them in disguise) Captain MacMorris John Bates / Alexander Court / Associates of Falstaff: Lieutenant Bardolph / / Ancient {Ensign] Pistol (married to Hostess Quickly) Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 17 2016 Study Guide The English Monarchs of the Histories

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 18 2016 Study Guide Who was the legitimate heir?

There was good reason for argument over who was the legitimate heir of Edward III on Richard's death, since the principle of succession was not fully settled (though by the time Shakespeare was writing it was clearly the "heir general"). There were two arguments, and two heirs.

 Heir male: one whose lineage can be traced in the male line of descent from a king, the eldest line of descent given precedence (in this case the rightful heir was Henry Bolingbroke, son of John of Gaunt, fourth son of Edward III).  Heir general: one whose lineage is traced through either male or female descendants of a king, the eldest line of descent given precedence (in this case Richard's heir was , grandson of Philippa, daughter of Lionel of Clarence, third son of Edward III).

Edward III and Henry V each laid claim to the French throne as an heir general, tracing their descent through Edward's mother.

Best, Michael. Internet Shakespeare Editions, University of Victoria: Victoria, BC, 2001-2010. <. Accessed , 2016. http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/history/the%20histories/henryiv.html

http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/history/the%20histories/kings1.html Accessed on February 5, 2016.

Stratford Festival 2016: Araya Mengesha as Hal –Henry V. Photography by Don Dixon.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 19 2016 Study Guide ABOUT Breath of Kings: Rebellion and Redemption 2016 Stratford Festival Production Rebellion - May 30 to September 24 – opens June 22 Redemption - May 31 to September 24 – opens June 22

By William Shakespeare Conceived and adapted by Graham Abbey

Director Weyni Mengesha (Rebellion) Director Mitchell Cushman (Redemption)

Set Designer Anahita Dehbonehie Costume Designer Yannik Larivée Lighting Designer Kimberly Purtell Composer & Sound Designer Debashis Sinha Fight Director John Stead Associate Director Graham Abbey

Cast Graham Abbey Bolingbroke/Henry IV Wayne Best Worcester, Duke of Gloucester, King of France Shane Carty Bagot, Duke of Orleans Mikaela Davies Katherine Michelle Giroux Doll Tearsheet Sébastien Heins Aumerle, John of Lancaster Kate Hennig Mistress Quickly, Gower Randy Hughson Duke of York, Pistol Claire Lautier Lady Mortimer Araya Mengesha Prince Hal/Henry V Gordon S.Miller Poins, Mortimer, Exton, Davy Tom Rooney Richard II, Chorus Anusree Roy Duchess of York, Alice Stephen Russell Gaunt Jonathan Sousa Hotspur Carly Street Lady Percy, Mowbray, Archbishop of York Nigel Shawn Williams Northumberland, Exeter Geraint Wyn Davies Falstaff, Fluellen, Old Gardener

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 20 2016 Study Guide Imaginative Ways to Approach the Text

BREATH OF KINGS – Richard II’s Abdication - Richard II, Act IV, scene 1

OVERVIEW The students will be the actors and directors of this scene. They will analyse and search Shakespeare's text for clues and then stage each character's movements and behaviour.

Grade Subject Curriculum Expectations and Learning Time Space Materials Level Area Outcome Needed

Develop and explain Analyse texts, Desks in interpretations examining Identify and groups, of the how various use a variety then Attached Shakespearean 1-2 English, aspects of the of techniques open handouts text, using 7-12 text or methods class Drama evidence from spaces of contribute to to develop a Periods the text and for Activities the character. visual cues to exploring presentation; support their the text interpretations;

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 21 2016 Study Guide

ACTIVITY

Henry Bolingbroke summons Richard so that he may abdicate the crown to him in full view of the nobles. Helpless and despairing, Richard enters; he delays giving Bolingbroke the crown with a long, grief-stricken monologue in which he surrenders

land, crown, and kingship.

You are the actors/directors of this scene. Read the entire scene first then work out how you envision each character would behave and respond physically and emotionally. Hint: The staging clues are in the text! 

Richard’s Abdication (excerpt) - Richard II, Act IV, scene 1

DUKE OF YORK To do that office of thine own good will Which tired majesty did make thee offer, The resignation of thy state and crown To Henry Bolingbroke.

KING RICHARD II Give me the crown. Here, cousin - seize the crown. Here cousin - On this side, my hand; and on that side, thine. Now is this golden crown like a deep well That owes two buckets, filling one another, owns The emptier ever dancing in the air, The other down, unseen, and full of water. That bucket down and full of tears am I, Drinking my griefs, whilst you mount up on high.

HENRY BOLINGBROKE I thought you had been willing to resign.

KING RICHARD II

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 22 2016 Study Guide My crown I am; but still my griefs are mine. You may my glories and my state depose, But not my griefs. Still am I king of those.

HENRY BOLINGBROKE Part of your cares you give me with your crown.

KING RICHARD II Your cares set up do not pluck my cares down. wordplay on care = grief / responsibility My care is loss of care by old care done; diligence / anxiety Your care is gain of care by new care won. The cares I give, I have, though given away. They ‘tend the crown, yet still with me they stay. attendant upon

HENRY BOLINGBROKE Are you contented to resign the crown?

KING RICHARD II Ay, no. No, ay; for I must nothing be. yes Therefore no no, for I resign to thee. Now mark me how I will undo myself. undress; unmake; ruin I give this heavy weight from off my head, crown; ‘heavy’=sad And this unwieldy sceptre from my hand, The pride of kingly sway from out my heart. With mine own tears I wash away my balm, consecrated oil used in coronations With mine own hands I give away my crown, With mine own tongue deny my sacred state, With mine own breath release all duteous oaths. release my subjects from allegiance All pomp and majesty I do forswear. My manors, rents, revenues I forego. My acts, decrees, and statutes I deny. God pardon all oaths that are made to me; that are made God keep all vows unbroke that swear to thee! Make me, that nothing have, with nothing grieved, God make me And thou with all pleased, that hast all achieved. Long mayst thou live in Richard's seat to sit, And soon lie Richard in an earthly pit. ‘God save King Henry’, unkinged Richard says, ‘And send him many years of sunshine days.’ What more remains?

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 23 2016 Study Guide Things to Thing About!

1. What are the important lines in the scene?

2. What does Richard II’s behavior signify?

3. The crown plays an important role in this scene, both physically and psychologically. What staging techniques might you use to high light this scene?

4. Re-write this scene and put it into a modern context such as a school or sports setting.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 24 2016 Study Guide Imaginative Ways to Approach the Text

BREATH OF KINGS – A Tale of Two “Fathers”: A look at Falstaff and King Henry in Henry IV, Part 1

Overview

Students will compare and contrast two speeches from Henry IV Part 1 to glean clues about how Prince Hal 's character is perceived by his friend and his father.

Grade Subject Curriculum Expectations and Learning Time Material Space Level Area Outcome Needed s

Analyse the text, Demonstrate Desks in Develop and focusing on the understanding groups, explain ways they of the various then Attached interpretation communicate strategies English, 1-2 class open handout information, ideas, 7-12 s of text, Shakespeare spaces of Drama issues and Periods using uses to create for Activities influence the evidence for real and exploring listener's/viewer's the text; imagined the text response; tension.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 25 2016 Study Guide ACTIVITY

Prince Hal has been wasting his time partying and thieving with the likes of Falstaff and his gang. Hal’s father, King Henry IV, is not pleased with him.

1. In groups of three, read the two criticisms of Hal: first 2. Have someone 3. Notice how Falstaff stand in the middle speaks in prose and Falstaff impersonates King King Henry speaks in Henry and jokingly mocks Hal representing Prince Hal listening to blank verse or unrhymed and then King Henry proceeds to poetry. Why is that reprimand his son for Falstaff and King Henry on either side of important? What does it squandering his potential. tell you? Discuss any words or phrases him/her. Take it in that may be unfamiliar to you. turns reading the various parts.

DISCUSSION DISCUSSION 1. What makes EXTENSION Falstaff such an 2. What do you appealing character? discover about Hal 3. Improvise and/or from both these men write a cheeky berating him? response from Hal to Falstaff and a more sombre response to King Henry.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 26 2016 Study Guide

Fat old Falstaff, a drinking buddy of Prince Hal, who spends his days carousing in a tavern, suggests that he and Hal put on a play – Falstaff will play King Henry and Hal will play himself. Falstaff pretends to scold his "son," Prince Hal, for being a thief and hanging out with low-life criminals like Falstaff.

Act II, scene 4 (excerpt)

FALSTAFF Harry, I do not only marvel where thou spendest thy time, but also how thou art accompanied: for though the camomile, the more it is trodden on the faster people believed if you stepped on the leaves they grew faster it grows, yet youth, the more it is wasted the sooner it wears. That thou art my son, I have partly thy mother's word, partly my own opinion, but chiefly a villanous trick of thine eye and a characteristic foolish-hanging of thy nether lip, that doth warrant ridiculous, wanting in judgment me. If then thou be son to me, here lies the point; why, being son to me, art thou so pointed at? Shall the blessed sun of heaven prove a micher and eat truant blackberries? A question not to be asked. Shall the sun of England prove a thief and take purses? A question to be asked. There is a thing, Harry, which thou hast often heard of and it is known to many in our land by the name of pitch: this pitch, black tar-like substance; symbol for defilement as ancient writers do report, doth defile; so doth the company thou keepest: for, Harry, now I do not speak to thee in drink but in tears, not in pleasure but in passion, not in words only, but in woes also.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 27 2016 Study Guide

An angry and disappointed King Henry tells his son, Prince Hal

(who is meant to be the next in line to the thrown), that Hal was

sent by God to punish Henry for his past sins. The king berates

Hal and accuses him of being a degenerate: Hal's been kicked

out of the Privy Council and replaced by his younger brother,

he's alienated himself from the court, he's disappointed

everyone and everybody thinks he's on a collision course to

disaster.

Act III, scene 2 (excerpt)

KING HENRY IV I know not whether God will have it so, For some displeasing service I have done, That, in his secret doom, out of my blood judgment / children He'll breed revengement and a scourge for me; retribution; punishment / an instrument for punishment But thou dost in thy passages of life your way of living Make me believe that thou art only marked For the hot vengeance and the rod of heaven To punish my mistreadings. Tell me else, misdeeds, transgressions / if what I have said is true Could such inordinate and low desires, disorderly Such poor, such bare, such lewd, such mean attempts, vulgar / escapades Such barren pleasures, rude society, uncivil, violent, barbarous As thou art matched withal and grafted to, joined to ( Prince is alienating his own blood lineage Accompany the greatness of thy blood And hold their level with thy princely heart? be in an equal position with ……………………… God pardon thee! Yet let me wonder, Harry, At thy affections, which do hold a wing inclinations Quite from the flight of all thy ancestors. take a course quite different from that Thy place in council thou hast rudely lost. Hal was expelled from the Privy Council for his rude behaviour Which by thy younger brother is supplied, And art almost an alien to the hearts thou art Of all the court and princes of my blood: The hope and expectation of thy time your hopeful and promising youth Is ruined, and the soul of every man Prophetically doth forethink thy fall.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 28 2016 Study Guide Imaginative Ways to Approach the Text

BREATH OF KINGS – A Look at Chorus in Henry V’s Prologue

Overview

Activity Students will break into groups and study the Chorus' speech from Henry V Prologue to create a choral piece with movement.

Grade Subject Curriculum Expectations and Learning Time Space Materials Level Area Outcome Needed

Identify the Use a variety Analyse the Desks in important of conventions text and groups, information to develop explain how then Attached and ideas in character and 1-2 English, they help open handout the text, shape the 7-12 class spaces of Drama focusing on communicate action in Periods for Activities Shakespeare’ meaning and ensemble exploring s clues for enhance drama the text staging; effectiveness; presentations.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 29 2016 Study Guide Henry V, Prologue The CHORUS asks for inspiration to help present a play about two warring nations (England and France) using the audience’s imagination to conjure huge battles on a bare stage with only a few actors. Break up into 8 groups; each group will be assigned a section. Study the words and discuss the meaning with your group. Divide up the lines and speak chorally, adding movement with energy and physicality. Be creative and feel free to use a variety of ways to deliver the lines. # SECTIONS GLOSSARY O for a Muse of fire, that would ascend -goddess of poetry, inspiration The brightest heaven of invention, -imagination 1 A kingdom for a stage, princes to act And monarchs to behold the swelling scene! -growing/magnificent Then should the warlike Harry, like himself, -skilled in warfare Assume the port of Mars; and at his heels, -appear like the god of war 2 Leashed in like hounds, should famine, sword and fire Crouch for employment. But pardon, gentles all, -ladies and gentlemen The flat unraisèd spirits that have dared -dull, lifeless 3 On this unworthy scaffold to bring forth -stage So great an object. Can this cockpit hold -circular arena / theatre The vasty fields of France? Or may we cram -vast 4 Within this wooden O the very casques -the circular timber theatre / helmets That did affright the air at Agincourt? -frighten / English defeated the French at the O, pardon: since a crooked figure may -just as a tiny addition of 0 can turn Attest in little place a million, 100,000 into 1,000,000, so a few actors And let us, ciphers to this great accompt, (ciphers or zeros) can portray thousands 5 of soldiers On your imaginary forces work. -account, total/story -imaginative Suppose within the girdle of these walls -imagine within the circumference Are now confined two mighty monarchies, -England and France Whose high uprearèd and abutting fronts -raised up, erected / neighbouring, 6 adjoining / cliffs of Dover, Calais; The perilous narrow ocean parts asunder. frontiers -English Channel Piece out our imperfections with your thoughts: -supplement Into a thousand parts divide one man, 7 And make imaginary puissance. -power Think when we talk of horses, that you see them Printing their proud hoofs i' th’ receiving earth, For 'tis your thoughts that now must deck our kings, -adorn, equip, clothe Carry them here and there, jumping o'er times, 8 Turning the accomplishment of many years Into an hour-glass; for the which supply, -for the purpose of which Admit me Chorus to this history; Who prologue-like your humble patience pray, Gently to hear, kindly to judge, our play.

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 30 2016 Study Guide DISCUSSION TOPICS FOR YOUR CLASS

For classes reading the play before seeing it:

1. What do you expect to see on stage at the Stratford Festival? Have each student make a list of predictions about what they expect. Save these predictions. After your Stratford trip, revisit them to see how they compared to the actual production.

2. How would you define power? Which characters in Breath of Kings do you think has power?

3. Make a story map or a story board outlining the main events of the play. (This may be used later in group activities.)

After your Stratford trip:

1. Is Henry IV a hero? Is Hal/Henry V a hero? Are there other characters in the play(s) you would consider to be heroic or valiant?

2. What are the benefits of seeing a play in the round with little to no scenery? Brainstorm why this type of configuration was used in Breath of Kings: Rebellion and Breath of Kings: Redemption.

3. Create a character web showing how all the characters are connected to each other. Discuss the complexity of these relationships and how they affect the progression of the play.

For more classroom activities, complete with instructions, materials and Ontario curriculum expectation links, visit stratfordfestival.ca/teachingmaterials. You can also check out the following:  The Forum, a series of remarkable events to enrich the play-going experience: www.stratfordfestival.ca/forum/ .  Stratford Festival’s YouTube channel for behind-the-scenes videos, photos and interviews: www.youtube.com/user/stratfordfestival  Stratford Festival’s Flickr pages: www.flickr.com/photos/stratfest/  Stratford Festival Twitter: twitter.com/stratfest  Stratford Festival Facebook: www.facebook.com/StratfordFestival

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 31 2016 Study Guide Resources SELECTED BIBLIOGRAPHY for Breath of Kings: Rebellion & Redemption

SHAKESPEARE: HISTORY, CRITICISM and BIOGRAPHY:

Beckerman, Bernard. Shakespeare and the Globe, 1599-1609. 1962. Bentley, G.E. Shakespeare: A Biographical Handbook. 1951. Boyce, Charles. Shakespeare A to Z. 1990. Brown, Ivor. Shakespeare and the Actors. 1970. Brown, John Russell. Shakespeare and his Theatre. Burgess, Anthony. Shakespeare. 1970. Campbell, Oscar James, ed. The Reader’s Encyclopedia of Shakespeare. 1966. Dobson, Michael, ed. The Oxford Companion to Shakespeare. 2001. Epstein, Norrie. The Friendly Shakespeare. 1992. Frye, R. M. Shakespeare’s Life and Times: a Pictorial Record. 1967. Gurr, Andrew. The Shakespearean Stage, 1574-1642. 1980. Hodges, C. Walter. Shakespeare and the Players. 1948. Muir, Kenneth and Samuel Schoenbaum, eds. A New Companion to Shakespeare Studies, 1985. Nagler, A. M. Shakespeare’s Stage. 1985. Schoenbaum, Samuel. William Shakespeare: A Documentary Life. 1975. Taylor, Gary. Reinventing Shakespeare. 1989. Thomson, Peter. Shakespeare’s Theatre. 1983. Tillyard, E. M. W. The Elizabethan World Picture. 1943. Wells, Stanley, ed. The Cambridge Companion to Shakespeare Studies. 1986.

TEACHING SHAKESPEARE:

Asimov, Isaac. Asimov’s Guide to Shakespeare. New York, 1970. Edens, Walter, et al. Teaching Shakespeare. New Jersey: Princeton UP, 1977. Gibson, Rex. Secondary School Shakespeare. Cambridge: 1990. O’Brien, Veronica. Teaching Shakespeare. London, 1982. Stredder, James. The North Face of Shakespeare: Activities for Teaching the Plays. Cambridge: 2009.

SHAKESPEARE PLAYS and TEACHING MATERIALS:

Bate. Jonathan and Rasmussen (Eds.). The RSC Shakespeare. Modern Library/Penguin Random House. 2009-2010. Gibson, Rex. Teaching Shakespeare. 1998. Gibson, Rex & Field-Pickering, Janet. Discovering Shakespeare’s Language. Cambridge: 1998. Gossett, Suzanne (Ed.). Bloomsbury Arden Shakespeare. 2014.

WEB RESOURCES:

Mr. William Shakespeare and the Internet, shakespeare.palomar.edu Sh:in:E Shakespeare in Europe, www.unibas.ch/shine

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 32 2016 Study Guide Feste: database of productions at the Royal Shakespeare Company and Shakespeare Memorial Theatre, www.shakespeare.org.uk/content/view/339/339/ Encyclopaedia Britannica presents: Shakespeare and the Globe: Then and Now, search.eb.com/Shakespeare Shakespeare: Chill with Will, library.thinkquest.org/19539/saam.htm Shakespeare’s Life and Times, http://internetshakespeare.uvic.ca/Library/SLT/intro/index.html;jsessionid=C98135C1EB1A80 DC5EA15C527C3B0A6E Shakespeare Online, www.shakespeare-online.com Poor Yorick CD & Video Emporium, www.bardcentral.com Movie Review Query Engline, www.mrqe.com Internet Movie Database, www.imdb.com

Richard II, Henry IV Pt 1+2, Henry V ONLINE:

MIT Shakespeare: The Complete Works of William Shakespeare: http://shakespeare.mit.edu BookRags.com Homepage: www.bookrags.com/studyguide-richardii/ www.bookrags.com/Henry_IV,_Part_1/ www.bookrags.com/Henry_IV,_Part_2/ www.bookrags.com/Henry_V_(play)/ SparkNotes: http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/richardii/ http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/henry4pt1/ http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/henry4pt2/ http://www.sparknotes.com/shakespeare/henryv/ The Literature Network: http://www.online-literature.com/shakespeare/

Richard II, Henry IV Pt 1+2, Henry V - ON FILM, VIDEO and DVD:

RICHARD II 1978 (Film-UK) King . Directed by David Giles, starring and . 1997 (Film-UK) Richard II. Directed by Deborah Warner, starring Fiona Shaw and Graham Crowden. 2003 (BBC-UK) Richard II. Directed by Tom Carroll, starring and John McEnery. 2012 (Film-UK) The Hollow Crown: Richard II. Directed by Rupert Goold and Starring , Ben Wishaw and . 2013 (Film-UK) Richard II (RSC). Directed by Greg Doran, starring David Tennant and . HENRY IV, Part 1 1979 (Film-UK) The First Part of King Henry the Fourth… Directed by David Giles, starring Jon Finch and David Gwillim. 1990 (Film-UK) The War of the Roses: Henry IV, Part 1. Directed by Michael Bogdanov, starring Ben Bazell and Roger Booth. 2012 (Film-UK) The Hollow Crown: Henry IV, Part 1. Directed by Richard Eyre, starring and . 2014 (Film-UK) Henry IV, Part 1 (RSC). Directed by Gregory Doran, starring and Alex Hassell. HENRY IV, Part 2 1979 (Film-UK) The Second Part of King Henry the Fourth… Directed by David Giles, starring Jon Finch

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 33 2016 Study Guide and David Gwillim. 2010 (Video-UK) Shakespeare’s Globe: Henry IV, Part 2. Directed by Dominic Dromgoole, starring and . 2012 (Film-UK) The Hollow Crown: Henry IV, Part 2. Directed by Richard Eyre, starring Tom Hiddleston and Jeremy Irons. Henry V 1944 (Film-UK) The Chronicle History of King Henry the Fifth… Directed by , starring Laurence Olivier, Robert Newton and Leslie Banks. 1989 (Film-UK) Henry V. Directed by , starring Kenneth Branagh and Derek Jacobi. 2012 (Film-UK) The Hollow Crown: Henry V. Directed by Thea Sharrock, starring Tom Hiddleston, and .

Stratford Festival’s Productions Now on Film! Sun Life Financial, through its Making the Arts More Accessible™ program, presents STRATFORD FESTIVAL HD, The Best of Shakespeare, on cinema screens in spectacular HD www.stratfordfestival.ca/HD

Breath of Kings - Rebellion/Redemption Stratford Festival 34 2016 Study Guide