DOCSLIB.ORG

Arborist Report

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arborist Report Arborist Report UPS REDMOND HUB MODIFICATIONS CITY OF REDMOND June 2018 (updated November 2019, February 2020, & March 2020) Prepared for: Tony Brizendine Principal Architect 541 Architecture, Inc. (503) 522-7833 Prepared on behalf of (applicant): United Parcel Service (UPS) Redmond, Washington Title-page image: Douglas fir stand located in the northeast corner of the UPS HUB The information contained in this report is based on the application of technical guidelines currently accepted as the best available science and in conjunction with the manuals and criteria outlined in the methods section. All discussions, conclusions and recommendations reflect the best professional judgment of the author(s) and are based upon information available at the time the study was conducted. All work was completed within the constraints of budget, scope, and timing. The findings of this report are subject to verification and agreement by the appropriate local, state and federal regulatory authorities. No other warranty, expressed or implied, is made. Reference Number: 180901 Contact: Kyle Braun, PLA, ISA watershedco.com Landscape Architect | ISA Certified Arborist Table of Contents 1. Project Overview .................................................................................. 1 2. Study Area ............................................................................................ 1 2.1 Current Site Conditions .............................................................. 2 3. Methods ............................................................................................... 2 3.1 Subject Tree Mapping ................................................................ 2 3.2 Attribute data collection ............................................................ 2 4. Tree Inventory Results .......................................................................... 4 5. Redmond Zoning Code ......................................................................... 7 5.1 Significant tree RZC 21.78 ........................................................... 7 5.2 Tree Protection Standards 21.72.060 ......................................... 7 5.2.1 Tree Protection, In General - 21.72.060.A ......................................... 7 5.2.2 Site Design Standards - 21.72.060.B .................................................. 9 5.2.3 Grading and Proximity - 21.72.060.C ................................................. 9 5.2.4 Designation of Protected Trees - 21.72.060.D................................... 9 5.2.5 Vehicle Parking Alternatives - 21.40.010.D Vehicle Parking .............. 9 5.3 Tree Protection Measures 21.72.070 ....................................... 10 5.4 Tree Replacement 21.72.080 .................................................... 10 5.5 Exceptions 21.72.090 ............................................................... 11 6. Limitations of This Study .................................................................... 12 References ................................................................................................. 13 Appendix A On-Site Tree Health Assessment Table Appendix B Off-Site Tree Health Assessment Table Appendix C On-Site Removed Tree Table Appendix D Landmark Tree Letters List of Figures Figure 1. Vicinity and overview map showing the location of the study area. ................ 1 Figure 2. Aerial image depicting the five significant groves of trees on-site. ................... 5 List of Tables Table 1. Assessment of plant condition considers health, structure, and form. Each may be described in rating categories that will be translated into a percent rating. (CTLA 2018) ............................................................................ 3 Table 2. Summary table of Landmark Trees rooted within the study area. .................... 4 Table 3. On-Site Tree Retention Table ............................................................................. 8 Table 4. Off-Site Tree Retention Table ............................................................................ 8 The Watershed Company March 2020 1. Project Overview This report is a summary of a tree inventory for the 29.56-acre UPS Facility (parcel# 0625069012) located in Redmond Washington. Watershed Company Landscape Architect and ISA-Certified Arborist (TRAQ) Kyle Braun visited the subject property November 6, November 7, November 9, and November 18, 2018 to inventory and assess trees in the study area (Figure 1). The intent of this tree inventory was to screen for, measure, and tag any tree that meets the City of Redmond significant tree definition in preparation for a proposed facility expansion. 2. Study Area According to City of Redmond zoning maps, tax parcel 0625069012 is zoned MP: Manufacturing Park. See Figure 1 below for site vicinity and study area overview map. Study Area Figure 1. Vicinity and overview map showing the location of the study area. 1 Arborist Report Redmond UPS HUB Expansion 2.1 Current Site Conditions The subject parcel contains an existing UPS Facility bordered by NE Union Hill Road to the north, 185th Ave NE to the east, the Redmond park and ride to the west, and Redmond Public Works and various manufacturing facilities to the South. The parcel is currently covered with an existing warehouse industrial building and associated parking. The majority of the site is covered with pavement, building, or turf. Most of the vegetation on the parcel is located along the parcel boundaries on the south, west, and north sides. There are four large stands of trees that form a continues canopies. Stands are located in the northeast, southeast, and southwest corners, as well as along the northern boundary of the subject parcel. 3. Methods Based on the Redmond Zoning Code (RZC) significant tree definition, any healthy tree six inches or larger in diameter at breast height (DBH) or any tree four inches or larger in diameter at breast height (DBH) that, after considering its age, height, value, or function, the tree or tree stand is determined to be significant. Landmark trees are defined as any tree with a diameter of 30-inches or greater. Each significant tree assessed was tagged with a round aluminum tag, with a unique ID number, that was affixed to the trunk. 3.1 Subject Tree Mapping Following the tree inventory, Cardno survey-located all significant trees in the study area and provided them to The Watershed Company in PDF and AutoCAD format in March of 2019. 3.2 Attribute data collection Attributes documented for all inventoried trees include a unique identification number, geo- spatial location point (mapped onto a geo-located aerial photograph), and species name. Physical attributes include the number of stems, DBH, estimated canopy radius, condition, and general assessment notes. The diameter of all subject trees was measured at four-and-a-half feet above the surface of the ground at the trunk where possible; however, some stems were measured differently due to size or branching structure. For trees with major branching at or below four-and-a-half feet, the smallest portion of the trunk below major branching was measured. Where trees have more than one trunk or stem at 4.5 feet and those stems come from the same “base”, the DBH for each stem at 4.5 feet was measured. The DBH is then the average of the DBHs of each of the stems at 4.5 feet above the ground. 2 The Watershed Company March 2020 Canopy radius, also known as dripline, was measured from the trunk to the outermost branch tips by estimating a vertical line to the ground. A basic Level 1 visual assessment was used to evaluate the health and condition of trees within the study area in accordance with the International Society of Arboriculture (ISA) standards. Each tree was given a rating from 1-5 (Excellent – Severe) as summarized in Table 1 below. Table 1. Assessment of plant condition considers health, structure, and form. Each may be described in rating categories that will be translated into a percent rating. (CTLA 2018) Percent Condition Components Rating Rating Category Health Structure Form High vigor and nearly Nearly ideal for the species. perfect health with little or Excellent – 1 Nearly ideal and free of Generally symmetric. no twig dieback, 81% to 100% defects. Consistent with the (Healthy) discoloration, or intended use. defoliation. Minor Vigor is normal for species. asymmetries/deviations No significant damage due Well-developed structure. Good – 2 from species norm. Mostly to diseases or pests. Any Defects are minor and can be 61% to 80% consistent with the intended (Healthy) twig dieback, defoliation, corrected. use. Function and aesthetics or discoloration is minor. are not compromised. Reduced vigor. Damage due to insects or diseases A single defect of a Major may be significant and significant nature or multiple asymmetries/deviations associated with defoliation moderate defect. Defects are Fair – 3 from species norm and/or but is not likely to be fatal. not practical to correct or 41% to 60% intended use. Function (Healthy) Twig dieback, defoliation, would require multiple and/or aesthetics are discoloration, and/or dead treatments over several compromised. branches may compromise years. up to 50% of the crown. Unhealthy and declining in A single serious defect or appearance. Poor vigor. multiple significant defects. Largely Poor – 4 Low foliage density and Recent change in tree asymmetric/abnormal. poor foliage color are orientation. Observed Detracts from intended use 21% to 40% (Unhealthy) present. Fatal pest structural problems cannot
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Wood Identification and Chemistry' Covers the Physicalproperties and Structural Features of Hardwoods and Softwoods
    11 DOCUMENT RESUME ED 031 555 VT 007 853 Woodworking Technology. San Diego State Coll., Calif. Dept. of Industrial Arts. Spons Agency-Office of Education (DHEA Washington, D.C. Pub Date Aug 68 Note-252p.; Materials developed at NDEA Inst. for Advanced Studyin Industrial Arts (San Diego, June 24 -Au9ust 2, 1968). EDRS Price MF -$1.00 He -$13.20 Descriptors-Curriculum Development, *Industrial Arts, Instructional Materials, Learning Activities, Lesson Plans, Lumber Industry, Resource Materials, *Resource Units, Summer Institutes, Teaching Codes, *Units of Study (Sublect Fields), *Woodworking Identifiers-*National Defense Education Act TitleXIInstitute, NDEA TitleXIInstitute, Woodworking Technology SIX teaching units which were developed by the 24 institute participantsare given. "Wood Identification and Chemistry' covers the physicalproperties and structural features of hardwoods and softwoods. "Seasoning" explainsair drying, kiln drying, and seven special lumber seasoning processes. "Researchon Laminates" describes the bending of solid wood and wood laminates, beam lamination, lamination adhesives,. andplasticlaminates."Particleboard:ATeachingUnitexplains particleboard manufacturing and the several classes of particleboard and theiruses. "Lumber Merchandising" outhnes lumber grades andsome wood byproducts. "A Teaching Unitin Physical Testing of Joints, Finishes, Adhesives, and Fasterners" describes tests of four common edge pints, finishes, wood adhesives, and wood screws Each of these units includes a bibhography, glossary, and student exercises (EM) M 55, ...k.",z<ONR; z _: , , . "'zr ss\ ss s:Ts s , s' !, , , , zs "" z' s: - 55 Ts 5. , -5, 5,5 . 5, :5,5, s s``s ss ' ,,, 4 ;.< ,s ssA 11111.116; \ ss s, : , \s, s's \ , , 's's \ sz z, ;.:4 1;y: SS lza'itVs."4,z ...':',\\Z'z.,'I,,\ "t"-...,,, `,.
    [Show full text]
  • The Influence of American Chestnut
    ARTICLE IN PRESS Pedobiologia 50 (2007) 553—562 www.elsevier.de/pedobi The influence of American Chestnut (Castanea dentata) on nitrogen availability, organic matter and chemistry of silty and sandy loam soils Charles C. Rhoadesà US Forest Service, Rocky Mountain Research Station, 240 W. Prospect, Fort Collins, CO 80526, USA Received 28 September 2006; accepted 1 October 2006 KEYWORDS Summary Tree species effects; American chestnut trees once dominated vast areas of deciduous forest in eastern Soil nitrogen cycling; North America, but the exotic chestnut blight almost eliminated the species from Net mineralization; the region. Introduction of blight-resistant American chestnut hybrids will probably Soil texture; start in the next decade after many years of tree breeding. What were the historic Parent material; effects of chestnut on forest soils, and what changes may follow reintroduction of Forest restoration hybrid chestnuts? A site in southern Wisconsin provided an opportunity to examine the effect of chestnut trees on soil properties. At this site, 600 km northwest of chestnut’s historic distribution, naturalized chestnuts have spread throughout an intact mixed-species forest from nine planted trees. The site contains soil developed on a silty loess-mantled ridge that abuts sandier hillslopes, allowing the effects of individual chestnuts to be examined on two soil types. I sampled and analyzed forest floor and mineral soils beneath canopies of individual American chestnuts and the surrounding mixed-species deciduous forest on fine-silt and sandy-loam soil types. On sandy loam soils, total soil carbon (C) and nitrogen (N), inorganic N and net mineralization and nitrification rates were 10–17% higher beneath chestnut canopies compared to soils beneath mixed-species deciduous forest.
    [Show full text]
  • Species List For: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species
    Species List for: Engelmann Woods NA 174 Species Franklin County Date Participants Location NA List NA Nomination List List made by Maupin and Kurz, 9/9/80, and 4/21/93 WGNSS Lists Webster Groves Nature Study Society Fieldtrip Participants WGNSS Vascular Plant List maintained by Steve Turner Species Name (Synonym) Common Name Family COFC COFW Acalypha virginica Virginia copperleaf Euphorbiaceae 2 3 Acer negundo var. undetermined box elder Sapindaceae 1 0 Acer saccharum var. undetermined sugar maple Sapindaceae 5 3 Achillea millefolium yarrow Asteraceae/Anthemideae 1 3 Actaea pachypoda white baneberry Ranunculaceae 8 5 Adiantum pedatum var. pedatum northern maidenhair fern Pteridaceae Fern/Ally 6 1 Agastache nepetoides yellow giant hyssop Lamiaceae 4 3 Ageratina altissima var. altissima (Eupatorium rugosum) white snakeroot Asteraceae/Eupatorieae 2 3 Agrimonia rostellata woodland agrimony Rosaceae 4 3 Ambrosia artemisiifolia common ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 3 Ambrosia trifida giant ragweed Asteraceae/Heliantheae 0 -1 Amelanchier arborea var. arborea downy serviceberry Rosaceae 6 3 Antennaria parlinii var. undetermined (A. plantaginifolia) plainleaf pussytoes Asteraceae/Gnaphalieae 5 5 Aplectrum hyemale putty root Orchidaceae 8 1 Aquilegia canadensis columbine Ranunculaceae 6 1 Arisaema triphyllum ssp. triphyllum (A. atrorubens) Jack-in-the-pulpit Araceae 6 -2 Aristolochia serpentaria Virginia snakeroot Aristolochiaceae 6 5 Arnoglossum atriplicifolium (Cacalia atriplicifolia) pale Indian plantain Asteraceae/Senecioneae 4 5 Arnoglossum reniforme (Cacalia muhlenbergii) great Indian plantain Asteraceae/Senecioneae 8 5 Asarum canadense wild ginger Aristolochiaceae 6 5 Asclepias quadrifolia whorled milkweed Asclepiadaceae 6 5 Asimina triloba pawpaw Annonaceae 5 0 Asplenium rhizophyllum (Camptosorus) walking fern Aspleniaceae Fern/Ally 7 5 Asplenium trichomanes ssp. trichomanes maidenhair spleenwort Aspleniaceae Fern/Ally 9 5 Srank: SU Grank: G? * Barbarea vulgaris yellow rocket Brassicaceae 0 0 Blephilia hirsuta var.
    [Show full text]
  • The Tree How to Identify a Linden (Tilia Spp.) the Pesticides the Pest
    The Tree Tilia cordata, the Littleleaf Linden tree is native to Europe. It has been at the center of several bumble bee kills in Oregon. T. cordata often produces more flowers than other linden trees. It also produces mannose in its nectar that may be slightly toxic. Many native bees and wasps do not have the enzyme to break down mannose. European honey bees, Apis mellifera, do not appear to be as affected by mannose; at least one theory is that because they are from Europe, they share a developmental history with T. cordata. In general, linden trees have few pest problems; aphids are listed as one of the only insect pests of Tilia trees. Tilia leaf comparison How to Identify a Linden (Tilia spp.) DURING THE WINTER/DORMANT SEASON: 1. Bark is gray-brown and on mature trees is ridged or plated. 2. Twigs are light brown to gray, or may be red-tinged. 3. Buds are prominent, single, plump and often bulge on one side, and are red-brown to dark red in color. 4. Floral bracts and fruit may remain on the tree through winter. DURING THE GROWING SEASON: 1. Leaves are singular, alternate, heart-shaped, finely toothed, and the undersides of leaves often are fuzzy. Leaves at the stem end are asymmetrically attached to the stem. 2. Flowers are attached by floral bract that is 2-to-4 inches long. White to yellow flowers with five petals in hanging clusters of five-to-seven bloom in mid-June or early July. Flowers are fragrant and highly attractive to pollinators.
    [Show full text]
  • Silver Linden Tilia Tomentosa
    Smart tree selections for communities and landowners Silver Linden Tilia tomentosa Height: 50’ - 70’ Spread: 30’ - 50’ Site characteristics: Moist, deep, fertile, well-drained soils; full sun to partial shade; very site adaptable Zone: 4 - 7 Wet/dry: Tolerates drought Native range: Southeastern Europe and Southwestern Asia pH: 5.0 - 8.5 Shape: Pyramidal with dense, coarse foliage Foliage: Glossy green with silvery-white color on the underside of the leaf Other: Tolerates heat and drought better than T. cordata; tolerates urban sites, heat, drought and pollution; able to prune into a hedge Cultivars: Green Mountain (‘PNI 6051’) – fast growing, symmetrical, dense canopy. Satin Shadow (‘Sashazam’) – possibly more cold hardy, symmetrical, reportedly resistant to Japanese beetles. Sterling Silver (also listed as ‘Sterling’) – dense canopy, resistant to Japanese beetles and gypsy moths. Pests: Reportedly less susceptible to Japanese beetles than other lindens due to the soft, downy hairs on the underside of the leaves. No serious pests or disease problems. Jesse Saylor, MSU Jesse Saylor, MSU Jesse Saylor, MSU Jesse Saylor, Content development: Dana Ellison, Tree form illustrations: Marlene Cameron. Smart tree selections for communities and landowners Bert Cregg and Robert Schutzki, Michigan State University, Departments of Horticulture and Forestry A smart urban or community landscape has a diverse combination of trees. The devastation caused by exotic pests such as Dutch elm disease, chestnut blight and emerald ash borer has taught us the importance of species diversity in our landscapes. Exotic invasive pests can devastate existing trees because many of these species may not have evolved resistance mechanisms in their native environments.
    [Show full text]
  • Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees
    Selecting juglone-tolerant plants Landscaping Near Black Walnut Trees Black walnut trees (Juglans nigra) can be very attractive in the home landscape when grown as shade trees, reaching a potential height of 100 feet. The walnuts they produce are a food source for squirrels, other wildlife and people as well. However, whether a black walnut tree already exists on your property or you are considering planting one, be aware that black walnuts produce juglone. This is a natural but toxic chemical they produce to reduce competition for resources from other plants. This natural self-defense mechanism can be harmful to nearby plants causing “walnut wilt.” Having a walnut tree in your landscape, however, certainly does not mean the landscape will be barren. Not all plants are sensitive to juglone. Many trees, vines, shrubs, ground covers, annuals and perennials will grow and even thrive in close proximity to a walnut tree. Production and Effect of Juglone Toxicity Juglone, which occurs in all parts of the black walnut tree, can affect other plants by several means: Stems Through root contact Leaves Through leakage or decay in the soil Through falling and decaying leaves When rain leaches and drips juglone from leaves Nuts and hulls and branches onto plants below. Juglone is most concentrated in the buds, nut hulls and All parts of the black walnut tree produce roots and, to a lesser degree, in leaves and stems. Plants toxic juglone to varying degrees. located beneath the canopy of walnut trees are most at risk. In general, the toxic zone around a mature walnut tree is within 50 to 60 feet of the trunk, but can extend to 80 feet.
    [Show full text]
  • A Base Syllabus on Wood Technology. Eastern Kentucky Univ., Richmond
    DOCUMENT RESUME ED 031 560 VT 007 861 . Wood Properties and Kinds; A Base Syllabus on Wood Technology. Eastern Kentucky Univ., Richmond. Pub Date Aug 68 Note-130p.; From NDEA Inst. on Wood Technology (Eastern Kentucky Univ., June 10-Aug, 2, 1968). EDRS Price MF-$0.75 HC-$6.60 Descriptors-Building Materials, Curriculum Development, *Curriculum Guides, *Industrial Arts, Instructional Improvement, Learning Activities, Lumber Industry, Plant Growth, Plant Identification, *Plant Science, *ResourceMaterials, Summer Institutes,TeacherDevelopedMaterials,TeacherEducation,Trees, *Woodworking Identifiers-*National Defense Education Act Title XI Institute, NDEA Title XI Institute Prepared by participants in the 1968 National Defense Education Act Institute on Wood Technology, this syllabus is one of a series of basic outlines designed to aid college level industrial arts instructors in improving and broadening the scope and content of their programs. This booklet is concerned largely with the physical composition and behavior of wood and the factors influencing its utilization. Headin s of the five mator units are: (1) Wood, What It Is, (2) The Plan't Origin of Wood, () Gross Features of Wood, (4) Natural Defects in Wood, and (5) The Identification of Wood. A section of experiments, including teaching aids, equipment needed, sample test questions, suggested student problems and protects, and references, presents information on such properties of wood as density and specific gravity, moisture content, strength characteristics, and structure. The guide is illustrated throughout withdrawings,diagrams,photographs,tables,and graphs. A glossary and bibliography are included. Related documents are available as VT 007 857, VT 007 858, and VT 007 859. (AW) a , $ $ > X -14 "".
    [Show full text]
  • Trees to Avoid Planting in the Midwest and Some Excellent Alternatives
    Trees to Avoid Planting in the Midwest and Some Excellent Alternatives Dr. Laura G. Jull Dept. of Horticulture, UW-Madison Trees provide us with many environmental, aesthetic, functional, and economic benefits. Tree selection is one of the most important considerations when a homeowner, nurserymen, or landscaper is deciding what species to grow or plant. Many questions need to be answered including size, location, site characteristics, aesthetic features, pest susceptibility, hardiness, and maintenance considerations. Some trees can become a maintenance headache due to their inherent pest problems or lack of structural integrity. The trees represented in this story have not generally performed well in urban and suburban areas of the Midwest. Some are susceptible to insects and diseases, and some have severe structural problems such as being weak- wooded or prone to girdling roots or included bark formation. Others have cultural problems such as intolerance to high pH, road salt, drought, and poor drainage. A few tree species are invasive and should be avoided near sensitive areas or seed dispersal into woodlands could occur. Some of these trees may do quite well in other parts of the U.S., so my intention is not to apply a blanket statement for all these trees to all situations. Invasiveness and pest susceptibility can vary geographically. The article is based on more than 25 years of field experience and data collected from numerous states’ plant disease and insect diagnostic clinics, and conversations with arborists, nurseries, landscapers, and extension personnel. There are alternative species that can be used and are mentioned here. These alternative tree species have performed well in USDA Cold Hardiness Zone 4b.
    [Show full text]
  • BELFAST CITY PARK ARBORETUM Feedback Or Comments About the Arboretum to [email protected]
    Can you add more information about the trees in City Park? Please send any BELFAST CITY PARK ARBORETUM feedback or comments about the arboretum to [email protected]. Department website: website: Department Recreation and Parks Belfast the to go brochure, this download to or Project Arboretum Park City The about more out find To Stone. Elissa and Campbell, , Chris Cleaves Ken Chum, Cloe McKeage, Aleta to thanks a with special Ecology Center GreenWays the and Coalition, Watershed Bay Belfast the Parks, Belfast of Friends Trust, Menig The the of support generous the by possible made were project arboretum the and brochure This Exercise Station www.cityofbelfast.org Pickleball & Basketball Courts x x & facilities. & recreation/parks parks to ,link x x Baseball Tot Pavilion Field Lot Park Loop Welcome Tennis Entrance Plaza Courts Kiosk Horseshoe Pits Northport Avenue Woods Pool Playground Brochure graphic design by Desneige Hallbert KEY Suggested Start Park Perimeter Path Arboretum Kiosk New Tree (To be added 2021-2025) Belfast City Park has over 300 trees in the landscaped area, as well as forests, a stream, an ocean shoreline, and contains more than 65 species of trees. Many popular shrubs that grow in our area are also featured. You can use the map here to explore the park’s plants. Numbers on the map correspond to species listed on N the reverse. Signs throughout the park identify different trees and also provide interesting facts about each. Map not to scale. 1 Eastern white pine Pinus strobus 67 American elm ‘Princeton’* Ulmus americana ‘Princeton’ 132 Swamp white oak pair Quercus bicolor 2 Norway maple grove(5) Acer platanoides 68 Japanese maple Acer palmatum 133 Northern white cedar Thuja occidentalis 3 Crabapple allee Malus sp.
    [Show full text]
  • Table of Contents
    Table of Contents One|Foundations: What is Wood? HARDWOODS1 AND SOFTWOODS | TREE GROWTH | SAPWOOD AND HEARTWOOD PLANES OR SURFACES OF WOOD | GRAIN APPEARANCE | RAYS Two|Building on Basics: Wood and Moisture 7DIMENSIONAL SHRINKAGE | WOOD FINISHES AND MOISTURE FINISHING OILY OR RESINOUS WOODS Three|A Closer Look: Identifying Wood 15GREAT EXPECTATIONS | FILL IN THE BLANK, OR MULTIPLE CHOICE? DEDUCTIVE WOOD IDENTIFICATION Four|Under the Lens: Softwood Anatomy 25RESIN CANALS | TRACHEIDS | EARLYWOOD TO LATEWOOD TRANSITION GRAIN CONTRAST | PARENCHYMA | RAYS Five|Under the Lens: Hardwood Anatomy VESSEL29 ELEMENTS | PARENCHYMA | RAYS | WOOD FIBERS | MONOCOTS: A SPECIAL CASE Six|A Kaleidoscope: The Wood Profiles 39PROFILE FIELDS EXPLAINED | WOOD PROFILES Appendices and Back Matter APPENDIX253 A: JANKA HARDNESS MASTERLIST | APPENDIX B: MODULUS OF RUPTURE MASTERLIST APPENDIX C: MODULUS OF ELASTICITY MASTERLIST | BIBLIOGRAPHY | ACKNOWLEDGMENTS | INDEX A Brief Introduction: From the Author hen it comes to those who work with wood, there At that point, a line had been drawn in the sand. I Wseems to be generally two classes of people: scien- determined that as I made an effort to learn (and there- tists and craftsmen. Thisbook was written for the latter. after teach others) about scientific wood data and iden- What I have found in my own personal observation tification, I didn’t need to consult with the “other side” of those that work with wood is that the fi st class of to see what would be most helpful to them: I was the people, the scientists, are almost drowning in knowl- other side! I realized that I was a woodworker, and not edge. Yet the craftsmen, through no particular fault a scientist—and for my purposes, that was not neces- of their own, are suffering in a relative dearth of solid sarily a bad thing.
    [Show full text]
  • Comparative Flowering Ecology of Fraxinus Excelsior, Acer
    Comparative flowering ecology of Fraxinus excelsior, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus and Tilia cordata in the canopy of Leipzig’s floodplain forest Der Fakultät für Biowissenschaften, Pharmazie und Psychologie der Universität Leipzig eingereichte D I S S E R T A T I O N zur Erlangung des akademischen Grades Doctor rerum naturalium (Dr. rer. nat.) vorgelegt von Diplom Biologe Ophir Tal geboren am 24.7.1972 in Tel Aviv, Israel Leipzig, den 22.6.06. 1 To Shira 3 Abstract How do gender separation and the transition to wind pollination happen in temperate trees? What does the reproductive ecology in the crowns of temperate forest trees look like? These connected questions intrigued researchers before and since Darwin but it is only in the last years that a direct study of the latter question has been enabled. A research crane was used to study the flowering ecology of Fraxinus excelsior, Acer platanoides, Acer pseudoplatanus and Tilia cordata in Leipzig’s floodplain forest. These species originate from hermaphrodite insect pollinated plant families and exhibit different grades of gender separation and different stages between insect and wind pollination. As they are typical elements of temperate deciduous forests, an ecological comparison of their flowering ecology may shed new light on the evolution of gender separation and wind pollination in this habitat. Using the crane, gender distribution, flowering phenology in relation to microclimate, pollination levels (including pollen tubes in the styles) and fruit set were studied in ca. 200 trees over 2-4 years. Main results are a new appreciation of the sexual system of Fraxinus excelsior as dioecy, of Tilia cordata as andromonoecy and a detailed description of the intricacies of the heterodichogamous sexual system of Acer pseudoplatanus.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Cottonwood Sell Sheet
    Cottonwood Black Cottonwood A.K.A. Pacific Coast Poplar (Populus trichocarpa) Cottonwood is a lightweight, affordable species that has good nail-holding ability. It is a versatile species used for applications including furniture, pallets, and crating. It can also be found in snowboards and caskets. Cottonwood’s color ranges from ivory to white to brown with streaks, and is often used as a substitute for North American Yellow Poplar. TYPICAL MATURE SIZE COMMON USES 30” - 60” diameter 80’ - 150’ tall (750mm - 1500mm) (25m - 45m) Furniture Mouldings Picture frames OPTIMAL HARVEST AGE Pallets 20 - 30 years Crating and boxing 0 80 Check out the ™ Cascade Grade Selector Cottonwood Grade Guide Grade Category Lengths Thicknesses Clear Appearance SEL Select & Better Clear Cutting Boards 8'1", 10'1", 12'1" 4/4, 5/4, 6/4, 8/4 1SH #1 Shop Clear Cutting Boards 8'1", 10'1", 12'1" 4/4, 5/4, 6/4, 8/4 Clear Cutting Boards SCH Shop/Chop (Mix of #1 Shop and Chop) Structural & Sound Cutting 8'1", 10'1", 12'1" 4/4, 5/4, 6/4, 8/4 CHP Chop Structural & Sound Cutting 8'1", 10'1", 12'1" 4/4, 5/4, 6/4, 8/4 Workability* Cottonwood is easy to work with hand and machine tools, though sharp cutters are necessary when planing to avoid fuzzy CHARACTER COLOR SANDING/ JOINT surfaces (subsequent FINISHING INTEREST UNIFORMITY MACHINING POLISHING STRENGTH GLUING TOTAL fine-sanding may be necessary to obtain a smooth surface). 9 7 7 8 8 8 9 56 Does not split easily and glues OUT OF 70 and finishes well.
    [Show full text]