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The Concept of Self-Liberation in Theravada Burmese Buddhism
ASIA-PACIFIC NAZARENE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY THE CONCEPT OF SELF-LIBERATION IN THERAVADA BURMESE BUDDHISM A Thesis Presented to The Faculty of Asia-Pacific Nazarene Theological Seminary In Partial Fulfilment of the Degree Master of Science in Theology BY CING SIAN THAWN TAYTAY, RIZAL NOVEMBER 2020 ASIA-PACIFIC NAZARENE THEOLOGICAL SEMINARY WE HEREBY APPROVE THE THESIS SUBMITTED BY Cing Sian Thawn ENTITLED THE CONCEPT OF SELF-LIBERATION IN THERAVADA BURMESE BUDDHISTS AS PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE MASTER OF SCIENCE IN THEOLOGY (SYSTEMATIC THEOLOGY) Dr. Dick Eugenio _________ Dr. Phillip Davis __________ Thesis Adviser Date Program Director Date Dr. Eileen Ruger _________ Dr. Naw Yaw Yet ___________ Internal Reader Date External Reader Date Dr. Dick Eugenio _________ Dr. Larry Bollinger ___________ Academic Dean Date President Date ii ABSTRACT This thesis explores the self-liberation concept of Theravada Buddhism, with the hope that it can provide a foundation towards a dialogical exchange between Buddhists and Christians in Myanmar. To provide a better understanding of the context, the thesis offers a brief historical background of Buddhist-Christian relations in Myanmar. By mainly relying on the translation of the Pali Tipitaka, along with a number of secondary sources from prominent Buddhist scholars, the self-liberation concept of Theravada Buddhism is discussed, beginning with the personal experience of Gotama, the Buddha. The thesis is descriptive in nature. The research employs a basic qualitative method, integrated with the analytical and interpretive methods. Correlation and synthesis were done and are presented in the final chapter with an emphasis on implications for interfaith dialogue. The study produced some significant findings. -
Effect of Mindfull Breathing on Stressed Students Rohit Chobe*& Dr.L.N.Joshi**
International Journal of Yoga and Allied Sciences (ISSN: 2278 – 5159) Volume: 5, Issue: 2; July- Dec 2016 Effect of Mindfull Breathing on Stressed Students Rohit Chobe*& Dr.L.N.Joshi** *Research scholar, Dept. of yogic sciences, Uttarakhand Sanskrit University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand. **Assistant professor, Dept. of yogic sciences, Uttarakhand Sanskrit University, Haridwar, Uttarakhand. Abstract: Background: Stress is a major issue for college students as they cope with a variety of academic, social, and personal challenges.1 Stress is one of the main reasons for the development of various pathological conditions. These include psychological disorders such as depression and anxiety 33. Mindfulness is an open and non-judgmental attitude nourished by genuine interest and care for the situation given, rather than dwelling on rigid ideas and concepts about what should be and how it should be. It is the faculty of knowing what is happening in this particular moment and of feeling it as well, a precisely and softly as possible.34 When we start talking about mental well being, it is our prime duties to assess the efficacy of breathe meditation (Mindfulness on Breathing) on stress. Objective: -The aim of this study was to assess the effect of Breath meditation (Mindfulnss on breathing) on stress of college going students. Methods and procedures:- For this 40 female subjects were drawn from Dev sanskriti vishvavidyalaya, Gayatrikunj, Haridwar by using method of purposive sampling. Meditation was conducted for 25 days about 45 minute every day in evening. Pre-post data of Breath meditation is collected by using stress scale (Prepared by Dr M. Singh). -
Mahasi Sayadaw's Revolution
Deep Dive into Vipassana Copyright © 2020 Lion’s Roar Foundation, except where noted. All rights reserved. Lion’s Roar is an independent non-profit whose mission is to communicate Buddhist wisdom and practices in order to benefit people’s lives, and to support the development of Buddhism in the modern world. Projects of Lion’s Roar include Lion’s Roar magazine, Buddhadharma: The Practitioner’s Quarterly, lionsroar.com, and Lion’s Roar Special Editions and Online Learning. Theravada, which means “Way of the Elders,” is the earliest form of institutionalized Buddhism. It’s a style based primarily on talks the Buddha gave during his forty-six years of teaching. These talks were memorized and recited (before the internet, people could still do that) until they were finally written down a few hundred years later in Sri Lanka, where Theravada still dominates – and where there is also superb surf. In the US, Theravada mostly man- ifests through the teaching of Vipassana, particularly its popular meditation technique, mindfulness, the awareness of what is hap- pening now—thoughts, feelings, sensations—without judgment or attachment. Just as surfing is larger than, say, Kelly Slater, Theravada is larger than mindfulness. It’s a vast system of ethics and philoso- phies. That said, the essence of Theravada is using mindfulness to explore the Buddha’s first teaching, the Four Noble Truths, which go something like this: 1. Life is stressful. 2. Our constant desires make it stressful. 3. Freedom is possible. 4. Living compassionately and mindfully is the way to attain this freedom. 3 DEEP DIVE INTO VIPASSANA LIONSROAR.COM INTRODUCTION About those “constant desires”: Theravada practitioners don’t try to stop desire cold turkey. -
IMS Spring 2007 Newsletter
INSIGHT NEWSLETTER FALL WINTER Your Life is Your Practice: 2008/2009 Liberation in Every Moment An Interview with Narayan & Michael Liebenson Grady IMS Schedules: The Retreat Center 2009 Narayan and Michael Liebenson Grady have been involved with IMS for more than The Forest Refuge 2009 thirty years. Michael sat the first Three-Month Retreat held at the center, and in 1978 Interviews with Teachers spent time as the organization’s bookkeeper. He and Narayan met at IMS. Over the decades they have practiced and studied with a broad range of Asian and Western IMS News & Developments teachers. Narayan first began teaching in 1985, and currently serves on the IMS BCBS Schedule: Board as a guiding teacher. Michael has been offering the Buddha’s teachings since Listing for 2009 1991. Both are guiding teachers at the Cambridge Insight Meditation Center, a thriving urban meditation community serving the greater Boston area. Narayan and Michael, both of you Michael: Many of us believe that teach a course each summer at IMS’s awakening can only happen under Retreat Center titled “Your Life is Your certain conditions. We often think of Practice.” What is the significance of meditation and spiritual growth as this statement? taking place only in contemplative environments and on the cushion. Narayan: First, we have found that But this attitude limits our understanding certain attitudes of mind can greatly of spiritual practice, and separates it enhance our spiritual practice. “Your from the rest of our lives. So many life is your practice” is one such aspects of life then remain unexplored, approach. -
Wuji Zhanzhuang – the Ultimate Stance
Qigong Essentials: Wuji Zhanzhuang – ‘Ultimate Stance’ – concept version 0.3 – March 2010 WUJI ZHANZHUANG – THE ULTIMATE STANCE Wuji zhanzhuang is the most essential ‘activity’ or ‘practice’ of qigong. However, it is probably also the most ignored aspect of qigong practice in mainstream qigong practice. And even more important, it is, more than anything else in qigong, primarily a non-practice. Not something you can do1. That is, not something you can do according to our conventional and habitual assumptions about doing. Just like we can never hear Zen’s ‘sound of one hand clapping’ if we hold on to conventional and habitual assumptions about hearing. Depending on how literal we go, wuji zhanzhuang can be translated with words like: ‘no limit pole standing’, ‘ultimate posture’, ‘the stance of limitlessness’ or ‘ultimate stance’. The word zhanzhuang alone refers to a wider range of ‘posture practice’ of which wuji zhanzhuang is the base and essence2. The wuji zhanzhuang is considered to be the basis of all other stances, breathing methods, Figure 1: image from a the standard wuji zhanzhuang visualizations and movements. According to Chinese cosmology, in which practice from a taijiquan arts like qigong and taijiquan are grounded, taiji, better known as yin & manual. yang, the ultimate poles, originate from wuji. In the classical text on taijiquan, a martial art that is based on taiji philosophy, it says: 太極者,無極而生,陰陽之母也。 Taiji, is born of Wuji, that is the mother of Yin and Yang. Quite often a qigong form begins with the wuji zhanzhuang, moves on to taiji zhanzhuang and then into a variety of movements. -
Practicing Qigong and Yoga in Small Spaces at Home - a Personal Reflection
International Journal of Complementary & Alternative Medicine Proceeding Open Access No needs to go to a gym: practicing qigong and yoga in small spaces at home - a personal reflection Abstract Volume 12 Issue 4 - 2019 Many people spend a lot of money each month for gym and health club memberships. Purchase of these memberships goes up after Christmas and New Year as individuals make Bernie Warren resolutions to get in shape and lose weight. Unfortunately, most do not carry through with Drama in Education and Community, University of Windsor, these resolutions. Canada It is possible to pursue a personal routine in your own home using Qigong and Yoga. Correspondence: Bernie Warren, Drama in Education and Moreover, modern research has described health benefits from participating in these Community, University of Windsor/Owner, Bear Moves Mountains exercises not only for persons with medical conditions but also in helping to prevent 22 Mill St W. Leamington ON Canada, illness, reduce stress, anxiety and depression, manage pain as well as helping to sustain an Email active lifestyle and increase longevity in relatively healthy individuals. Most significantly Received: May 09, 2019 | Published: August 21, 2019 both forms of exercise can be performed without paying out tons of money on expensive membership fees! No need to go to a gym is a personal reflection on 50years of practising Yoga and Qigong at home in small spaces. It is based on data collected from extensive research personal praxis during these 50 years. It provides clear directions on how to begin an Eastern based movement exercise program at home and some of the values of such practice to personal health. -
Focused Attention, Open Monitoring and Automatic Self-Transcending: Categories to Organize Meditations from Vedic, Buddhist
Virginia Commonwealth University VCU Scholars Compass Philosophy Publications Dept. of Philosophy 2010 Focused attention, open monitoring and automatic self-transcending: Categories to organize meditations from Vedic, Buddhist and Chinese traditions Fred Travis Maharishi University of Management Jonathan Shear Virginia Commonwealth University, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/phil_pubs Part of the Philosophy Commons Copyright © Elsevier Ltd. NOTICE: this is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publication in Consciousness and Cognition. Changes resulting from the publishing process, such as peer review, editing, corrections, structural formatting, and other quality control mechanisms may not be reflected in this document. Changes may have been made to this work since it was submitted for publication. A definitive version was subsequently published in Consciousness and Cognition, Volume 19, Issue 4, December 2010, Pages 1110–1118, doi:10.1016/ j.concog.2010.01.007. Downloaded from http://scholarscompass.vcu.edu/phil_pubs/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Dept. of Philosophy at VCU Scholars Compass. It has been accepted for inclusion in Philosophy Publications by an authorized administrator of VCU Scholars Compass. For more information, please contact [email protected]. Some Reflections on Meditation Research and Consciousness Studies: Jonathan Shear, Department of Philosophy Virginia Commonwealth University Copyright © Journal of Consciousness Studies. This is the author’s version of a work that was accepted for publica- tion in the Journal of Consciousness Studies, Vol. 21(3-4), 202-215, 2014. This article may not exactly replicate the final published version. -
Bridging Worlds: Buddhist Women's Voices Across Generations
BRIDGING WORLDS Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations EDITED BY Karma Lekshe Tsomo First Edition: Yuan Chuan Press 2004 Second Edition: Sakyadhita 2018 Copyright © 2018 Karma Lekshe Tsomo All rights reserved No part of this book may not be reproduced or utilized in any form or by any means, electronic or mechanical, or by any information storage or retreival system, without the prior written permission from the publisher, except in the case of brief quotations. Cover Illustration, "Woman on Bridge" © 1982 Shig Hiu Wan. All rights reserved. "Buddha" calligraphy ©1978 Il Ta Sunim. All rights reserved. Chapter Illustrations © 2012 Dr. Helen H. Hu. All rights reserved. Book design and layout by Lillian Barnes Bridging Worlds Buddhist Women’s Voices Across Generations EDITED BY Karma Lekshe Tsomo 7th Sakyadhita International Conference on Buddhist Women With a Message from His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama SAKYADHITA | HONOLULU, HAWAI‘I iv | Bridging Worlds Contents | v CONTENTS MESSAGE His Holiness the XIVth Dalai Lama xi ACKNOWLEDGMENTS xiii INTRODUCTION 1 Karma Lekshe Tsomo UNDERSTANDING BUDDHIST WOMEN AROUND THE WORLD Thus Have I Heard: The Emerging Female Voice in Buddhism Tenzin Palmo 21 Sakyadhita: Empowering the Daughters of the Buddha Thea Mohr 27 Buddhist Women of Bhutan Tenzin Dadon (Sonam Wangmo) 43 Buddhist Laywomen of Nepal Nivedita Kumari Mishra 45 Himalayan Buddhist Nuns Pacha Lobzang Chhodon 59 Great Women Practitioners of Buddhadharma: Inspiration in Modern Times Sherab Sangmo 63 Buddhist Nuns of Vietnam Thich Nu Dien Van Hue 67 A Survey of the Bhikkhunī Saṅgha in Vietnam Thich Nu Dong Anh (Nguyen Thi Kim Loan) 71 Nuns of the Mendicant Tradition in Vietnam Thich Nu Tri Lien (Nguyen Thi Tuyet) 77 vi | Bridging Worlds UNDERSTANDING BUDDHIST WOMEN OF TAIWAN Buddhist Women in Taiwan Chuandao Shih 85 A Perspective on Buddhist Women in Taiwan Yikong Shi 91 The Inspiration ofVen. -
INSIGHT NEWSLETTER PAID Insight Meditation Society Permit No.2 1230 Pleasant St
INSIGHT NEWSLETTER FALL WINTER 2006/2007 IMS Schedules: Practicing with Vedana: The Retreat Center 2007 The Forest Refuge 2007 The 2nd Foundation of Mindfulness An Interview with Christina Feldman Teacher Interview In 1971, Christina Feldman began Buddhist meditation practice in northern India. She was 17 at the time, and had left her native Canada to travel and explore new IMS News horizons. Since then she has played a key role in bringing the Buddha’s teachings and Developments to the West, offering retreats at IMS and co-founding Gaia House in Devon, England. Married with two adult children, she introduced the Family Retreat at IMS in 1982, and the Women’s Retreat in 1984 – both popular mainstays of BCBS 2006/2007 our annual course calendar. Course Schedule Outline Christina, what are the On his journey towards enlightenment, Buddha’s ‘Four Foundations we know that these ascetic practices of Mindfulness’? didn’t work; they did not bring about the freedom from suffering that he First, it’s helpful to describe the historical sought. One of the turning points of context of the Buddha’s teachings. his awakening was the understanding Siddhartha Gautama - the Buddha - that the very aspects of life he was came from a society rooted in the belief trying to overcome actually held the that life was an obstacle to overcome. key to liberation. He then turned The body, the mind and human rela- towards his body, his mind, his tionships were all to be transcended. feelings and towards everything So, once he started his spiritual search, that arose in his consciousness, it was natural for him to become an seeing them as the ground for his ascetic – he left his family and spent awakening. -
C:\Users\Kusala\Documents\2009 Buddhist Center Update
California Buddhist Centers / Updated August 2009 Source - www.Dharmanet.net Abhayagiri Buddhist Monastery Address: 16201 Tomki Road, Redwood Valley, CA 95470 CA Tradition: Theravada Forest Sangha Affiliation: Amaravati Buddhist Monastery (UK) EMail: [email protected] Website: http://www.abhayagiri.org All One Dharma Address: 1440 Harvard Street, Quaker House Santa Monica CA 90404 Tradition: Non-Sectarian, Zen/Vipassana Affiliation: General Buddhism Phone: e-mail only EMail: [email protected] Website: http://www.allonedharma.org Spiritual Director: Group effort Teachers: Group lay people Notes and Events: American Buddhist Meditation Temple Address: 2580 Interlake Road, Bradley, CA 93426 CA Tradition: Theravada, Thai, Maha Nikaya Affiliation: Thai Bhikkhus Council of USA American Buddhist Seminary Temple at Sacramento Address: 423 Glide Avenue, West Sacramento CA 95691 CA Tradition: Theravada EMail: [email protected] Website: http://www.middleway.net Teachers: Venerable T. Shantha, Venerable O.Pannasara Spiritual Director: Venerable (Bhante) Madawala Seelawimala Mahathera American Young Buddhist Association Address: 3456 Glenmark Drive, Hacienda Heights, CA 91745 CA Tradition: Mahayana, Humanistic Buddhism Contact: Vice-secretary General: Ven. Hui-Chuang Amida Society Address: 5918 Cloverly Avenue, Temple City, CA 91780 CA Tradition: Mahayana, Pure Land Buddhism EMail: [email protected] Spiritual Director: Ven. Master Chin Kung Amitabha Buddhist Discussion Group of Monterey Address: CA Tradition: Mahayana, Pure Land Buddhism Affiliation: Bodhi Monastery Phone: (831) 372-7243 EMail: [email protected] Spiritual Director: Ven. Master Chin Chieh Contact: Chang, Ei-Wen Amitabha Buddhist Society of U.S.A. Address: 650 S. Bernardo Avenue, Sunnyvale, CA 94087 CA Tradition: Mahayana, Pure Land Buddhism EMail: [email protected] Spiritual Director: Ven. -
Buddhism and the Global Bazaar in Bodh Gaya, Bihar
DESTINATION ENLIGHTENMENT: BUDDHISM AND THE GLOBAL BAZAAR IN BODH GAYA, BIHAR by David Geary B.A., Simon Fraser University, 1999 M.A., Carleton University, 2003 A THESIS SUBMITTED IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT OF THE REQUIREMENTS FOR THE DEGREE DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in The Faculty of Graduate Studies (Anthropology) THE UNIVERSITY OF BRITISH COLUMBIA (Vancouver) December 2009 © David Geary, 2009 ABSTRACT This dissertation is a historical ethnography that examines the social transformation of Bodh Gaya into a World Heritage site. On June 26, 2002, the Mahabodhi Temple Complex at Bodh Gaya was formally inscribed on the UNESCO World Heritage List. As a place of cultural heritage and a monument of “outstanding universal value” this inclusion has reinforced the ancient significance of Bodh Gaya as the place of Buddha's enlightenment. In this dissertation, I take this recent event as a framing device for my historical and ethnographic analysis that details the varying ways in which Bodh Gaya is constructed out of a particular set of social relations. How do different groups attach meaning to Bodh Gaya's space and negotiate the multiple claims and memories embedded in place? How is Bodh Gaya socially constructed as a global site of memory and how do contests over its spatiality im- plicate divergent histories, narratives and events? In order to delineate the various historical and spatial meanings that place holds for different groups I examine a set of interrelated transnational processes that are the focus of this dissertation: 1) the emergence of Buddhist monasteries, temples and/or guest houses tied to international pilgrimage; 2) the role of tourism and pilgrimage as a source of economic livelihood for local residents; and 3) the role of state tourism development and urban planning. -
Neuroimaging Meditation
Neuroimaging Meditation Ranganatha Sitaram Wednesday, March 6, 13 Overview of the presentation • Background – Meditation practices and methods – Current state of Neuroimaging studies – Research challenges • Tuebingen Experiments on Sunyata Meditation – fMRI experiments – Combined EEG and fNIRS experiments • Proposal – Unraveling the effects of meditation on consciousness Background • The word meditation describes practices that self- regulate the body and mind. • Indian scriptures mentioned meditation techniques more than 3000 years ago in Patanjali‘s Yoga Sutras. • Buddha Sakyamuni, one of history’s major proponents of meditation, first made his mark around 500 B.C. • The sanskrit word for meditation is dhyAna -> chinese chan -> Japanese zen. Widespread Contemporary Meditation Practices Raja Yoga, Zen Tibetan Kriya Yoga, (Japan) Vipassanā Tradition Or insight Qigong Kundalini meditation (China) Yoga, Theravada Sahaja Yoga Buddhism, (India) (Myanmar, Thailand & Srilanka) Transcendental Mindfulness Meditation Based Stress By Mahesh Yogi Reduction (India, US) Sunyata (MBSR) Buddhist tradition Western (Vietnam) Adaptation by Kabat-Zinn (USA) Meditation is not just Relaxation! • In Buddhist thought, over emphasizing samatha (stability or relaxation) is believed to lead to withdrawal, physical inactivity and depression. • An ideal meditative state is one where there is neither dullness due to too much relaxation nor over-excitement. Meditative States & Traits • Meditative States – Altered sensory, cognitive and self-referential awareness that occurs during meditation practice. • Meditative Traits – Lasting changes in the above dimensions in the meditator that persist even when not engaged in meditation. • Examples: Deep sense of calm and peacefulness, cessation of mind‘s internal dialog and experience of perceptual clarity. Meditation Studies • Major groups of studies to-date: 1. 1950s: On yogis & students of Yoga in India (Das & Gastaut, 1955) 2.