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Genre, Form, and Medium of Performance Terms in Music Cataloging

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Genre, Form, and Medium of Performance Terms in Music Cataloging Genre, Form, and Medium of Performance Terms in Music Cataloging Ann Shaffer, University of Oregon [email protected] OLA 2015 Pre-Conference What We’ll Cover • New music vocabularies for LC Genre & Form and LC Medium of Performance Terms • Why were they developed? • How to use them in cataloging? • What does it all mean? Genre, Form, & MoP in LCSH Music Terms When describing music materials, LCSH have often blurred the distinction between: • Subject what the work is about • Genre what the work is • Form the purpose or format of the work • Medium of performance what performing forces the work requires Genre, Form, & MoP in LCSH Music Terms Book Music Score • LCSH describe what • LCSH describe what the musical work is: subject the book is Symphonies about: Operas Symphony Bluegrass music Opera Waltzes Bluegrass music • LCSH also describe what the format is: Rap (music) $v Scores and parts $v Vocal scores $v Fake books Waltz • And what the medium of performance is: Sonatas (Cello and piano) Banjo with instrumental ensemble String quartets Genre, Form, & MoP in LCSH Music Terms Audio Recording • LCSH describes what the musical work is: Popular music Folk music Flamenco music Concertos • And what the medium of performance is: Songs (High voice) with guitar Jazz ensembles Choruses (Mens’ voices, 4 parts) with piano Concertos (Tuba with string orchestra) Why Is This Problematic? • Machines can’t distinguish between topic, form, genre, and medium of performance in the LCSH • All coded in same field (650) • Elements of headings & subdivisions can’t be separated out • Users have to know exact string to find what they want • We expect patrons to be able to distinguish between resources that are about a genre/form and resources that are of a genre/form • (They often want one or the other, but not both.) Why Change Now? • Faceted Searching • RDA • Granularity • New fields for additional RDA elements Who’s Responsible for Music Terms? • Music Library Association (MLA)’s Bibliographic Control Committee (now the Cataloging and Metadata Committee) • Form/Genre Task Force: formed in 2009; 567 proposals approved as of Feb. 2015 • Currently negotiating another 100 proposed terms • Newly approved terms will be published in monthly lists • Not accepting any new term proposals at this time • Announcement of LC implementation coming soon! • Medium of Performance Task Force: MLA-BCC Subject Access Subcommittee; over 800 terms approved in Feb. 2014 • LC implemented in spring 2014 • accepting proposals through the SACO Music Funnel Genre & Form Vocabulary for Music MARC 655 1st indicator: Blank 2nd indicator: 7 Subfields $a $2 lcgft 655 #7 Sonatas. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Surf rock. $2 lcgft LCGFT Hierarchy of Music Terms Music [Top Level] Accompaniments (Music) Notated music Arrangements (Music) Popular music Art music Sacred music Chants Songs Dramatic music Sound art Folk music Teaching pieces (Music) Functional music World music Glitch music Humorous music Medleys (Music) LCGFT– Art Music Aʼak Honkyoku Rhapsodies (Music) Aleatory music Interludes Romances (Music) Anthems Kacapi-suling Rondos Ballades (Instrumental music) Barcaroles Kacapi-suling Scherzos Cadenzas Malhūn Sicilianas (Music) Canons (Music) Ma'lūf Sonatas Cantatas Maqāmāt (Iraqi music) Song cycles Carnatic music Microtonal music Songs without words Chamber music Minimal music (Instrumental music) Chinese operas Monologues (Music) Soundscapes (Music) Chorale preludes Concert etudes Musique concrète Spectral music Nhạc tài tứ Stochastic music Concertos Nō music Suites Dastgāhs Oratorios Symphonies Dialogues (Music) Organ masses Taech’wit’a Fanfares Overtures Text-sound compositions Finales (Music) Partimenti Third stream (Music) Fugues Pastoral music Toccatas Gagaku Phlēng thao Variations (Music) Hát ả đào Preludes (Music) Vọng cố Hát bội Program music Heike biwa Quodlibets Hindustani music Ragas LCGFT– Dramatic Music Ballad operas Melodramas Ballets (Music) Modern dance music Bangsawan Monologues (Music) Barong (Music) Ch’anggŭk Motion picture music Chinese operas Musical theater Congadas (Music) Musicals Dialogues (Music) Nāḍagam Entremés (Music) Operas Hát bội Oratorios Hát chèo (Music) P’ansori Hira gasy Pantomimes (Music) Incidental music Rappresentazioni sacre (Music) Katarimono Revues Kecak (Music) Serenatas Liturgical dramas (Music) Wayang music Madrigal comedies Masques (Music) LCGFT– Functional Music Acclamations (Music) Musical games Background music Production music Camp songs Radio music Campaign songs Singing commercials Circus music Television music Dance music Work songs Event music Marches (Music) Military music Mission music Motion picture music LCGFT– Popular Music Agbadja modern (Music) Choros Huaynos Mbaqanga Salsa (Music) Arabesk (Popular music) Chutney (Music) Jazz Mchiriku Schrammelmusik Bachata Country music Jingles (Advertising Minstrel music Ska (Music) Bailā (Music) Cover versions songs) Modinhas Skiffle Banda (Music) Cumbia (Music) Juju music Mornas (Music) Sones Beatboxing Dangdut Kanto (Popular music) Murgas Soukous (Music) Bhangra (Music) Dansi (Music) Karaoke Música sertaneja Soul music Bikutsi Danzones (Music) Kaskawi (Music) Música tropical Steampunk music Blues (Music) Disco (Music) Keroncong New Age music Swamp pop music Boogaloos (Music) Electronica (Music) Klezmer music Norteño (Music) Taraab (Music) Bossa nova (Music) Enka Konkoma Old-time music Tejano music Brega (Music) Forró (Music) Kwaito Ragtime music Timba (Music) Cajun music Fuji (Music) Kwaya Rai (Music) Tropicália (Music) Calypso (Music) Funana (Music) Latin pop Rap (Music) Tspapiky (Music) Campursari Funk (Music) Lounge music Rapso Turbo-folk (Music) Candombes (Music) Gaitas (Venezuelan Lundus Rebetika Vallenato (Music) Cavachas (Music) music) Makossa (Music) Reggae music Waila music Celtic music Gospel music Maloya (Music) Remixes (Music) Worldbeat (Music) Chaabi Gumbé (Music) Mandó (Music) Rhythm and blues music Zouk (Music) Champeta (Music) Habaneras (Music) Mangue (Music) Rock music Zydeco music Chanchona (Music) High-life (Music) Mariachi (Music) Rocksteady (Music) Chicha Huaylas (Music) Mbalax Rumbas (Music) LCGFT– Notated Music Notated music refers to forms/formats of notated music, like the $v subdivision in LCSH: Musical sketches Part books Parts (Music) Scores Service books (Music) Songbooks Tune-books LCGFT– Arrangements (Music) Arrangements (Music) also contains format terms familiar from $v subdivisions in LCSH: Parts Scores Vocal scores Piano scores Narrower Terms Can Appear in Multiple Hierarchies Art music Songs Functional music Song Cycles Work Songs Sacred music Event music Peyote Songs Use the Most Specific Term Applicable 655 #7 Wedding music. $2 lcgft NOT 655 #7 Functional music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Event music. $2 lcgft Use the Most Specific Term Applicable 655 #7 Wizard rock. $2 lcgft NOT 655 #7 Popular music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Rock music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Garage music. $2 lcgft Use Two or More Terms When Appropriate 100 1# Warren, Elinor Remick, $d 1900-1991. 100 1# Stravinsky, Igor, $d 1882-1971. 240 10 Songs. $k Selections 240 10 Zhar-ptits︠a︡. Suite (1919) 245 10 Art songs $h [sound recording] / $c by 245 14 The firebird suite for orchestra, 1919 / Elinor Remick Warren ǂc Igor Stravinsky. 655 #7 Songs. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Dance music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Art music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Suites. $2 lcgft Notated music Apply one or more terms that describe the printed format, in addition to terms describing the genre and form of the musical work Example: A string quartet with a score and 4 parts • 655 _7 Chamber music. $2 lcgft • 655 _7 Scores. $2 lcgft • 655 _7 Parts (Music) $2 lcgf Terms to Watch Out For Art music • DO NOT USE for musical cultures with no distinction between Art music, Folk music, and Popular music. • Do not use “Folk music” or “Popular music” in these cases either • USE “Art music” for music that: • lacks a narrower genre/form term in the Art music hierarchy • is art music but also can be described by a term in a different hierarchy Example: A bourrée for harpsichord: 655 #7 $a Bourrées (Music) $2 lcgft 655 #7 $a Art music. $2 lcgft Terms to Watch Out For Chamber music • Use this (or narrower term) for works of art music for 2 or more performers whose medium is described in terms of individual instruments/voices and/or by unspecified ensemble terms (e.g., “bowed string ensemble”). • Generally DO NOT use “Chamber music” for: • works for larger ensembles (band, orchestra, chorus) • art songs with piano • music for solo (1) performer • NO SCOPE NOTE-- use judgment in borderline cases Example 1 100 1# Bartók , Béla, $d 1881-1945 240 10 Concertos, $m violin, orchestra 245 10 Violin concertos nos. 1 & 2 / $c Béla Bartók Should you use: A. 655 #7 Art music. $2 lcgft B. 655 #7 Chamber music. $2 lcgft C. 655 #7 Concertos. $2 lcgft D. 655 #7 Old-time music. $2 lcgft Example 2 100 1# Piazzolla, Astor, $e composer. 245 10 Histoire du tango : $b pour flûte et guitare / $c Astor Piazzolla. 650 #0 Tangos $v Scores 650 #0 Flute and guitar music $v Scores Should you use: A. 655 #7 Tangos (Music) $2 lcgft B. 655 #7 Art music. $2 lcgft C. 655 #7 Scores. $2 lcgft D. All of the above Example 3 245 11 O brother, where art thou? ǂh [sound recording]. 500 ## "Music from a film by Joel Coen & Ethan Coen"--Container. 500 ## Old-time and folk music. How many 655 fields? Which terms? 655 #7 Motion picture music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Old-time music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Folk songs. $2 lcgft Example 4: Experimental music in parts 100 1# Adams, John Luther, $d 1953- 245 10 Inuksuit : ǂb ("--to act in the capacity of the human--") : for nine to ninety- nine percussionists / ǂc John Luther Adams. 500 ## Performance instructions and parts organized in 5 folders. 500 ## "The work may be performed in an open space of any size, in almost any outdoor location ... not intended for performance indoors"--Performance notes. 650 #0 Percussion ensembles $v Parts. 650 #0 Aleatory music. 650 #0 Instrumental ensembles $v Parts. 655 #7 Aleatory music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Background music. $2 lcgft 655 #7 Parts. $2 lcgft Example 5 110 2# Metalachi (Musical group) 245 10 Uno ǂh [sound recording] / ǂc Metalachi.
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