Molsidomine, Nicorandil, Trimetazidine의 안전성 관련 체계적 고찰
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Use of Gasotransmitters for the Controlled Release of Polymer
Journal of Controlled Release 279 (2018) 157–170 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Journal of Controlled Release journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/jconrel Review article Use of gasotransmitters for the controlled release of polymer-based nitric T oxide carriers in medical applications ⁎ ⁎⁎ Chungmo Yanga,1, Soohyun Jeonga,1, Seul Kub, Kangwon Leea,c, , Min Hee Parka, a Department of Transdisciplinary Studies, Graduate School of Convergence Science and Technology, Seoul National University, Seoul 08826, Republic of Korea b School of Medicine, Stanford University, 291 Campus Drive, Stanford, CA 94305, USA c Advanced Institutes of Convergence Technology, Gyeonggi-do 16229, Republic of Korea ARTICLE INFO ABSTRACT Keywords: Nitric Oxide (NO) is a small molecule gasotransmitter synthesized by nitric oxide synthase in almost all types of Nitric oxide mammalian cells. NO is synthesized by NO synthase by conversion of L-arginine to L-citrulline in the human Polymeric carrier body. NO then stimulates soluble guanylate cyclase, from which various physiological functions are mediated in fi Hydrogen sul de a concentration-dependent manner. High concentrations of NO induce apoptosis or antibacterial responses Carbon monoxide whereas low NO circulation leads to angiogenesis. The bidirectional effect of NO has attracted considerable Crosstalk of gasotransmitters attention, and efforts to deliver NO in a controlled manner, especially through polymeric carriers, has been the Stimuli-responsive topic of much research. This naturally produced signaling molecule has stood out as a potentially more potent therapeutic agent compared to exogenously synthesized drugs. In this review, we will focus on past efforts of using the controlled release of NO via polymer-based materials to derive specific therapeutic results. -
Comparison of the Antiischaemic and Antianginal Effects of Nicorandil and Amlodipine in Patients with Symptomatic Stable Angina Pectoris: the SWAN Study
Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology An Independent International Scientific Journal Journal of Clinical and Basic Cardiology 1999; 2 (2), 213-217 Comparison of the antiischaemic and antianginal effects of nicorandil and amlodipine in patients with symptomatic stable angina pectoris: the SWAN study The SWAN Study Group Homepage: www.kup.at/jcbc Online Data Base Search for Authors and Keywords Indexed in Chemical Abstracts EMBASE/Excerpta Medica Krause & Pachernegg GmbH · VERLAG für MEDIZIN und WIRTSCHAFT · A-3003 Gablitz/Austria ORIGINAL PAPERS, CLINICAL The SWAN study J Clin Basic Cardiol 1999; 2: 213 Comparison of the antiischaemic and antianginal effects of nicorandil and amlodipine in patients with symptomatic stable angina pectoris: the SWAN study The SWAN Study Group1 This multicentre, double-blind, randomised study compared the antiischaemic and antianginal effects of nicorandil and amlodipine in patients with symptomatic stable angina pectoris. Nicorandil is a new coronary and balanced peripheral vasodilating agent that operates through two mechanisms of action: activation of ATP-dependent K-channels and stimulation of guanylate cyclase. A total of 121 patients with symptomatic stable angina pectoris were randomised to receive nicorandil 10 mg twice daily (bd) or amlodipine 5 mg once daily (od) for 8 weeks (optional dosage increase after 2-4 weeks to 20 mg bd and 10 mg od, respec- tively). Symptom-limited exercise tolerance tests were performed at baseline, and after 2 and 8 weeks treatment, respectively. In addition, the number of anginal attacks, nitroglycerin (NTG) usage, blood pressure (BP), heart rate (HR) and adverse events were recorded, and a subjective assessment of quality of life performed. -
Tolerance and Resistance to Organic Nitrates in Human Blood Vessels
\ö-\2- Tolerance and Resistance to Organic Nitrates in Human Blood Vessels Peter Radford Sage MBBS, FRACP Thesis submit.ted for the degree of Doctor of Philosuphy Department of Medicine University of Adelaide and Cardiology Unit The Queen Elizabeth Hospital I Table of Gontents Summary vii Declaration x Acknowledgments xi Abbreviations xil Publications xtil. l.INTRODUCTION l.L Historical Perspective I i.2 Chemical Structure and Available Preparations I 1.3 Cellular/biochemical mechanism of action 2 1.3.1 What is the pharmacologically active moiety? 3 1.3.2 How i.s the active moiety formed? i 4 1.3.3 Which enzyme system(s) is involved in nitrate bioconversi<¡n? 5 1.3.4 What is the role of sulphydryl groups in nitrate action? 9 1.3.5 Cellular mechanism of action after release of the active moiety 11 1.4 Pharmacokinetics t2 1.5 Pharmacological Effects r5 1.5.1 Vascular effects 15 l.5.2Platelet Effects t7 1.5.3 Myocardial effects 18 1.6 Clinical Efhcacy 18 1.6.1 Stable angina pectoris 18 1.6.2 Unstable angina pectoris 2t 1.6.3 Acute myocardial infarction 2l 1.6.4 Congestive Heart Failure 23 ll 1.6.5 Other 24 1.7 Relationship with the endothelium and EDRF 24 1.7.1 EDRF and the endothelium 24 1.7.2 Nitrate-endothelium interactions 2l 1.8 Factors limiting nitrate efficacy' Nitrate tolerance 28 1.8.1 Historical notes 28 1.8.2 Clinical evidence for nitrate tolerance 29 1.8.3 True/cellular nitrate tolerance 31 1.8.3.1 Previous studies 31 | .8.3.2 Postulated mechanisms of true/cellular tolerance JJ 1.8.3.2.1 The "sulphydryl depletion" hypothesis JJ 1.8.3.2.2 Desensitization of guanylate cyclase 35 1 8.i.?..3 Impaired nitrate bioconversion 36 1.8.3.2.4'Ihe "superoxide hypothesis" 38 I.8.3.2.5 Other possible mechanisms 42 1.8.4 Pseudotolerance ; 42 1.8.4. -
Current Status of Local Penile Therapy
International Journal of Impotence Research (2002) 14, Suppl 1, S70–S81 ß 2002 Nature Publishing Group All rights reserved 0955-9930/02 $25.00 www.nature.com/ijir Current status of local penile therapy F Montorsi1*, A Salonia1, M Zanoni1, P Pompa1, A Cestari1, G Guazzoni1, L Barbieri1 and P Rigatti1 1Department of Urology, University Vita e Salute – San Raffaele, Milan, Italy Guidelines for management of patients with erectile dysfunction indicate that intraurethral and intracavernosal injection therapies represent the second-line treatment available. Efficacy of intracavernosal injections seems superior to that of the intraurethral delivery of drugs, and this may explain the current larger diffusion of the former modality. Safety of these two therapeutic options is well established; however, the attrition rate with these approaches is significant and most patients eventually drop out of treatment. Newer agents with better efficacy-safety profiles and using user-friendly devices for drug administration may potentially increase the long-term satisfaction rate achieved with these therapies. Topical therapy has the potential to become a first- line treatment for erectile dysfunction because it acts locally and is easy to use. At this time, however, the crossing of the barrier caused by the penile skin and tunica albuginea has limited the efficacy of the drugs used. International Journal of Impotence Research (2002) 14, Suppl 1, S70–S81. DOI: 10.1038= sj=ijir=3900808 Keywords: erectile dysfunction; local penile therapy; topical therapy; alprostadil Introduction second patient category might be represented by those requesting a fast response, which cannot be obtained by sildenafil; however, sublingual apomor- Management of patients with erectile dysfunction phine is characterized by a fast onset of action and has been recently grouped into three different may represent an effective solution for these 1 levels. -
Classification of Medicinal Drugs and Driving: Co-Ordination and Synthesis Report
Project No. TREN-05-FP6TR-S07.61320-518404-DRUID DRUID Driving under the Influence of Drugs, Alcohol and Medicines Integrated Project 1.6. Sustainable Development, Global Change and Ecosystem 1.6.2: Sustainable Surface Transport 6th Framework Programme Deliverable 4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Due date of deliverable: 21.07.2011 Actual submission date: 21.07.2011 Revision date: 21.07.2011 Start date of project: 15.10.2006 Duration: 48 months Organisation name of lead contractor for this deliverable: UVA Revision 0.0 Project co-funded by the European Commission within the Sixth Framework Programme (2002-2006) Dissemination Level PU Public PP Restricted to other programme participants (including the Commission x Services) RE Restricted to a group specified by the consortium (including the Commission Services) CO Confidential, only for members of the consortium (including the Commission Services) DRUID 6th Framework Programme Deliverable D.4.4.1 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Page 1 of 243 Classification of medicinal drugs and driving: Co-ordination and synthesis report. Authors Trinidad Gómez-Talegón, Inmaculada Fierro, M. Carmen Del Río, F. Javier Álvarez (UVa, University of Valladolid, Spain) Partners - Silvia Ravera, Susana Monteiro, Han de Gier (RUGPha, University of Groningen, the Netherlands) - Gertrude Van der Linden, Sara-Ann Legrand, Kristof Pil, Alain Verstraete (UGent, Ghent University, Belgium) - Michel Mallaret, Charles Mercier-Guyon, Isabelle Mercier-Guyon (UGren, University of Grenoble, Centre Regional de Pharmacovigilance, France) - Katerina Touliou (CERT-HIT, Centre for Research and Technology Hellas, Greece) - Michael Hei βing (BASt, Bundesanstalt für Straßenwesen, Germany). -
Regulation of Extracellular Arginine Levels in the Hippocampus in Vivo
Regulation of Extracellular Arginine Levels in the Hippocampus In Vivo by Joanne Watts B.Sc. (Hons) r Thesis submitted for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Faculty of Science, University of London The School of Pharmacy University of London ProQuest Number: 10105113 All rights reserved INFORMATION TO ALL USERS The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. In the unlikely event that the author did not send a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted. Also, if material had to be removed, a note will indicate the deletion. uest. ProQuest 10105113 Published by ProQuest LLC(2016). Copyright of the Dissertation is held by the Author. All rights reserved. This work is protected against unauthorized copying under Title 17, United States Code. Microform Edition © ProQuest LLC. ProQuest LLC 789 East Eisenhower Parkway P.O. Box 1346 Ann Arbor, Ml 48106-1346 Abstract Nitric oxide (NO) has emerged as an ubiquitous signaling molecule in the central nervous system (CNS). NO is synthesised from molecular oxygen and the amino acid L-arginine (L- ARG) by the enzyme NO synthase (NOS), and the availability of L-ARG has been implicated as the limiting factor for NOS activity. Previous studies have indicated that L- ARG is localised in astrocytes in vitro and that the in vitro activation of non-N-methyl-D- aspartate (NMDA) receptors, as well as the presence of peroxynitrite (ONOO ), led to the release of L-ARG. Microdialysis was therefore used in this study to investigate whether this held true in vivo. -
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapies NITRATES COMPARISON CHART
Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapies NITRATES COMPARISON CHART Isosorbide Generic Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Dinitrate Isosorbide Isosorbide Name Intravenous Patch Ointment Sublingual Sublingual Dinitrate 5-Mononitrate Trade Name TRIDIL, NITRODUR, NITROL NITROLINGUAL generics generics (for IMDUR, generics TRANSDERM- Pumpspray, immediate generics NITRO, RHO-NITRO release) MINITRAN, Pumpspray, SR: no longer TRINIPATCH NITROLINGUAL available Metered dose spray NITROSTAT sublingual tablet Dosage 100 mg/250 mL 0.2 mg/h 30 g/30 inches SL spray: SL tablet: 5mg Immediate SR tablet: Forms premixed bottle 0.4 mg/h ointment 0.4 mg/ dose release 60 mg SR - UHN 0.6 mg/h SL tablet: tablet: Note: 0.84 mL 0.8 mg/h 0.3 mg, 0.6 mg 10 mg *Non- alcohol per 100 mL 30 mg formulary at solution UHN 100 mcg/mL 200 mcg/mL 400 mcg/mL 10 mg/10 mL vial - UHN 50 mg/10 mL vial - UHN CARDIOVASCULAR PHARMACOTHERAPY HANDBOOK All contents copyright © University Health Network. All rights reserved Cardiovascular Drugs and Therapies NITRATES COMPARISON CHART Isosorbide Generic Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Nitroglycerin Dinitrate Isosorbide Isosorbide Name Intravenous Patch Ointment Sublingual Sublingual Dinitrate 5-Mononitrate Dosing Starting and 0.2 to 0.8 ½ inch to 1 inch SL spray: SL tablet: Immediate 60-240 mg SR Usual dose target doses mg/h once tid-qid; remove 0.4 mg prn; 5-10 mg q2-4h release: once daily range are determined daily. for 8-10 hours dose may be for prophylaxis 10-45 mg tid by clinical per 24-hour repeated after of acute angina on qid situation and 12-14 hour period; 5 minutes for schedule the number and patch-free response to interval e.g., ON 0600, total of 3 doses (e.g. -
SUMMARY of PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME of the MEDICINAL PRODUCT XATRAL 2.5 Mg Film-Coated Tablets. XATRAL SR 5 Mg Sustained
SUMMARY OF PRODUCT CHARACTERISTICS 1. NAME OF THE MEDICINAL PRODUCT XATRAL 2.5 mg film-coated tablets. XATRAL SR 5 mg sustained-release tablets 2. QUALITATIVE AND QUANTITATIVE COMPOSITION Each Xatral 2.5 mg tablet contains 2.5mg alfuzosin hydrochloride. Each Xatral SR 5 mg tablet contains 5mg alfuzosin hydrochloride. 3. PHARMACEUTICAL FORM Xatral 2.5 mg is a white round film coated tablet for oral administration. Xatral SR 5 mg is a pale yellow biconvex film coated sustained release tablet for oral administration. 4. CLINICAL PARTICULARS 4.1 Therapeutic indications Xatral 2.5mg: Treatment of certain functional symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy, notably when surgery has to be delayed for whatever reason and during episodes of severe symptoms of adenoma, especially in elderly patients. Xatral SR 5 mg: Treatment of certain functional symptoms of benign prostatic hypertrophy, particularly if surgery has to be delayed for some reason. 4.2 Posology and method of administration Oral use Xatral SR 5mg tablet must be swallowed whole with a glass of water (see Section 4.4). The first dose of Xatral SR 5mg or Xatral 2.5 mg tablets should be given just before bedtime. Adults: Xatral 2.5mg: The recommended dosage is one tablet Xatral® 2.5mg three times daily. The dose may be increased to a maximum of 4 tablets (10mg) per day depending on the clinical response. ® Xatral SR 5mg: The usual dose is one Xatral SR 5 mg tablet morning and evening. Elderly patients (over 65 years) or patients treated for hypertension: Xatral 2.5mg: as a routine precaution, it is recommended that treatment be started with one Xatral 2.5 mg tablet morning and evening and that the dosage then be increased on the basis of the patient's individual response, without exceeding the maximum dosage of 4 Xatral 2.5 mg tablets daily. -
2013 ESC Guidelines on the Management of Stable Coronary
European Heart Journal Advance Access published August 30, 2013 European Heart Journal ESC GUIDELINES doi:10.1093/eurheartj/eht296 2013 ESC guidelines on the management of stable coronary artery disease The Task Force on the management of stable coronary artery disease of the European Society of Cardiology Task Force Members: Gilles Montalescot* (Chairperson) (France), Udo Sechtem* (Chairperson) (Germany), Stephan Achenbach (Germany), Felicita Andreotti (Italy), Chris Arden (UK), Andrzej Budaj (Poland), Raffaele Bugiardini (Italy), Filippo Crea Downloaded from (Italy), Thomas Cuisset (France), Carlo Di Mario (UK), J. Rafael Ferreira (Portugal), Bernard J. Gersh (USA), Anselm K. Gitt (Germany), Jean-Sebastien Hulot (France), Nikolaus Marx (Germany), Lionel H. Opie (South Africa), Matthias Pfisterer (Switzerland), Eva Prescott (Denmark), Frank Ruschitzka (Switzerland), Manel Sabate´ http://eurheartj.oxfordjournals.org/ (Spain), Roxy Senior (UK), David Paul Taggart (UK), Ernst E. van der Wall (Netherlands), Christiaan J.M. Vrints (Belgium). ESC Committee for Practice Guidelines (CPG): Jose Luis Zamorano (Chairperson) (Spain), Stephan Achenbach (Germany), Helmut Baumgartner (Germany), Jeroen J. Bax (Netherlands), He´ctor Bueno (Spain), Veronica Dean (France), Christi Deaton (UK), Cetin Erol (Turkey), Robert Fagard (Belgium), Roberto Ferrari (Italy), David Hasdai (Israel), Arno W. Hoes (Netherlands), Paulus Kirchhof (Germany/UK), Juhani Knuuti (Finland), Philippe Kolh (Belgium), Patrizio Lancellotti (Belgium), Ales Linhart (Czech Republic), Petros Nihoyannopoulos (UK), Massimo F. Piepoli (Italy), Piotr Ponikowski (Poland), Per Anton Sirnes (Norway), Juan Luis Tamargo (Spain), Michal Tendera (Poland), by guest on September 16, 2015 Adam Torbicki (Poland), William Wijns (Belgium), Stephan Windecker (Switzerland). Document Reviewers: Juhani Knuuti (CPG Review Coordinator) (Finland), Marco Valgimigli (Review Coordinator) (Italy), He´ctor Bueno (Spain), Marc J. -
The Availability of Organic Nitrates from Intravenous Administration Systems
THE AVAILABILITY OF ORGANIC NITRATES FROM INTRAVENOUS ADMINISTRATION SYSTEMS by Paul Adrian Cossum B.Sc., M.P.S. submitted in partial fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Pharmacy UNIVERSITY OF TASMANIA - HOBART JUNE 1981 SUMMARY Nitroglycerin aind isosorbide dinitrate are two drugs which are infused intravenously during the treatment of ischaemic heart disease. The availability of these two drugs in solutions infused from plastic infusion bags or glass infusion bottles through plastic giving sets has been investigated. During simulated infusions the concentration of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate appearing in the effluent of the • giving set tubing was found to be much less than the concentration of the drug solution initially contained in the plastic infusion bag or glass infusion bottle. It was found that each component of the plastic infusion equipment sorbed the drugs to a significant extent and that the rate of disappearance of drugs from solutions stored in each component was in the rank order: giving set tubing > giving set burette > plastic infusion bag. There was no significant loss of either drug from solutions stored in glass bottles. The influence of formulation factors and storage conditions on the sorption of nitroglycerin, isosorbide dinitrate and another organic nitrate compound., ethylene glycol dinitrate, by plastic infusion equipment was studied. The extent of loss during simulated infusions was also found to be dependent on flow rate of drug solution through the giving set. The sorption of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate has clinical and pharmacokinetic significance. Losses of nitroglycerin and isosorbide dinitrate associated with their infusion through plastic Lnfusion equipment were minimised by infusing drug solutions from a glass syringe through high density polyethylene tubing. -
Use of Sildenafil in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease
Arq Bras Cardiol GuimarãesReview et al volume 73, (nº6), 1999 Sildenafil in patients with cardiovascular disease Use of Sildenafil in Patients with Cardiovascular Disease Armênio Costa Guimarães, Marcus Vinícius Bolívar Malachias, Otávio Rizzi Coelho, Emílio Cesar Zilli, Rafael Leite Luna Introduction of phosphodiesterase inhibitors. The erectile action of sildenafil combines increase in arterial flow with reduction Erectile dysfunction, formerly called impotence, is the in the venous flow of cavernous body of penis. Sildenafil inability of the male to achieve or maintain penile erection and leads to relaxation of smooth muscle of penile arteries and thus engage in coitus1. It is common among patients with trabeculae surrounding the sinusoidal spaces, resulting in cardiovascular diseases or their risk factors. This dysfunc- a greater engorgement of cavernous body. The trabeculae tion occurs mainly among individuals with coronary artery of engorged sinusoidal spaces compress the penile disease, after episodes of acute ischemic syndrome, hyper- venules against the tunica albuginea, reducing venous tensive patients underpharmacologic treatment, and among flow, contributing to maintenance of engorgement of patients with heart failure. In approximately 85% of these ca- cavernous body8. Relaxation of this smooth muscle ses, the fear of a cardiac event during coitus constitutes an results from a decrease in intracellular calcium mediated important factor for erectile dysfunction 2-4. by accumulation of the second messenger, the cyclic Discovery of sildenafil citrate has represented a great de- guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), whose production velopment in the treatment of erectile dysfunction; it may results from activation of guanyl cyclase by nitric oxide benefit, among many others, those patients with cardiovascu- produced by the stimulus of endothelial cells generated lar diseases or with their risk factors 5. -
REVATIO (Sildenafil Citrate) – Product Monograph Page 52 of 55 PART
IMPORTANT: PLEASE READ PART III: CONSUMER INFORMATION o nitroglycerin (sprays, ointments, skin patches or pastes, and tablets that are swallowed or dissolved in PrREVATIO® the mouth) (sildenafil tablets, Upjohn Standard) o isosorbide mononitrate and isosorbide dinitrate 20 mg sildenafil as (sildenafil citrate) (tablets that are swallowed, chewed, or dissolved in the mouth) (sildenafil injection, Upjohn Standard) If you are not sure if any of your medicines contain nitrates, 0.8 mg/mL sildenafil as (sildenafil citrate) or if you do not understand what nitrates are, ask your doctor or pharmacist. If you take REVATIO with any nitrate- READ THIS FOR SAFE AND EFFECTIVE USE OF YOUR containing medicine or any nitrate, your blood pressure could MEDICINE. suddenly drop to a life-threatening level. You could get Read this carefully before you start taking REVATIO and each dizzy, faint, or even have a heart attack or stroke. time you get a refill. This leaflet is a summary and will not tell have loss of vision in one or both eyes from an eye disease you everything about this drug. Talk to your healthcare called non-arteritic anterior ischaemic optic neuropathy professional about your medical condition and treatment and ask (NAION) if there is any new information about REVATIO. ® take drugs like ketoconazole (Nizoral ), itraconazole (Sporanox®), ritonavir (Kaletra®) ABOUT THIS MEDICATION have pulmonary hypertension secondary to sickle cell anaemia (abnormality of the red blood cells) What the medication is used for: have severe liver disease REVATIO (sildenafil citrate) is used to treat pulmonary arterial have a recent history of stroke or heart attack or life- hypertension (high blood pressure in the blood vessels between the threatening arrhythmia (a heart rhythm disorder) heart and the lungs) in adults (18 years of age or older).