DOCSLIB.ORG

A Corruption Risk Assessment for REDD+ in Kenya

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
A Corruption Risk Assessment for REDD+ in Kenya Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources A Corruption Risk Assessment for REDD+ in Kenya KENYA REDD+ ANALYTICAL SERIES - ISSUE #1 NOVEMBER 2013 UNEP Empowered lives. Resilient nations. The Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources is vested with the Government mandate is to monitor, protect, conserve and manage the environment and natural resources. This mandate is discharged through specialized agencies including the National Environment Management Authority (NEMA), Kenya Meteorological Department (KMD), Kenya Forest Service (KFS) and the Kenya Forestry Research Institute (KEFRI). The Directorates of Environment and Natural Resource based at the Ministry headquarters provide the required policy guidance. Two Departments have been established within the Ministry for effi cient discharge of responsibilities; the State Department of Environment and Natural Resources and the State Department of Water. Climate Change response Programmes, including REDD+ are coordinated from the State Department on Environment and Natural Resources. The UN-REDD Programme is the United Nations collaborative initiative on UN-REDD Reducing Emissions from Deforestation and forest Degradation (REDD+) PROGRAMME in developing countries. The Programme was launched in 2008 and builds on the convening role and technical expertise of the Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations (FAO), the United Nations Development Programme (UNDP) and the United Nations Environment Programme (UNEP). UNEP Empowered lives. The UN-REDD Programme supports nationally-led REDD+ processes and Resilient nations. promotes the informed and meaningful involvement of all stakeholders, including Indigenous Peoples and other forest-dependent communities, in national and international REDD+ implementation. U4 is a web-based resource centre for development practitioners who wish to eff ectively address corruption challenges in their work. U4 is operated by the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) – an independent centre for research on international development and policy – and is funded by AusAID (Australia), BTC (Belgium), CIDA (Canada), DANIDA (Denmark), DFID (UK), BMZ and GIZ (Germany), Norad (Norway), Sida (Sweden) and The Ministry of Foreign Aff airs, Finland. A Corruption Risk Assessment for REDD+ in Kenya TABLE OF CONTENTS Acknowledgments ............................................................................................................................................1 List of acronyms .................................................................................................................................................3 List of fi gures .......................................................................................................................................................4 Executive summary ..........................................................................................................................................5 1. Introduction ....................................................................................................................................................9 1.1 Objective and purpose of this report .........................................................................................9 1.2 Methods of research ......................................................................................................................10 1.2.1 Range of methodologies ...................................................................................................10 1.2.2 Limitations ..............................................................................................................................11 1.3 Trends in deforestation and forest degradation in kenya ................................................12 1.4 The status of REDD+ in Kenya ....................................................................................................13 2. Context ..........................................................................................................................................................15 2.1 The historical role of corruption in Kenya’s forestry sector ..............................................15 2.2 Key developments in forest governance in Kenya from the mid-2000s .....................20 3. Corruption contributing to deforestation and forest degradation in Kenya .......................23 3.1 Forest land tenure, excisions & evictions ................................................................................23 3.1.1 Devolution and community lands .................................................................................25 3.1.2 Infrastructure development and industrial expansion ..........................................26 3.2 Illegal logging and forest crimes ...............................................................................................28 3.2.1 Cross border trade ...............................................................................................................30 3.3 Charcoal sector ................................................................................................................................32 3.3.1 Cross border trade in charcoal ........................................................................................35 3.4 Management of government plantation forests .................................................................35 3.5 Participatory forest management and community forest associations ......................37 3.6 Private concessions or non timber forest products in public forests ...........................40 3.7 Common elements and trends ..................................................................................................41 4. Addressing corruption in the forestry sector...................................................................................43 4.1 Transparency and access to information ................................................................................44 4.2 Strengthening accountability and oversight mechanisms .............................................48 4.3 Deepening decentralization .......................................................................................................52 5. Perspectives on corruption risks of REDD+ activities in Kenya .................................................55 5.1 Positive views on governance implications of REDD+ in Kenya ....................................55 5.2 Understanding perceptions on corruption risks .................................................................57 5.2.1 Distributing benefi ts ...........................................................................................................57 5.2.2 MRV ...........................................................................................................................................59 5.2.3 Land use planning, land allocation & free prior informed consent ...............................................................................................................................................60 5.2.4 Integrity of civil society ......................................................................................................61 6. Policy implications and recommendations ......................................................................................63 Clarity and planning for a benefi t-sharing policy ......................................................................65 Establish policy and mechanisms on transparency and access to information ..............................................................................................................................................65 Community mapping of forests for REDD+ MRV .......................................................................66 Strengthening participation in REDD+ activities and improving knowledge ................................................................................................................................................67 Supporting independent oversight for REDD+ activities .......................................................67 Harmonizing and strengthening mechanisms for public reporting of corruption in REDD+ activities .....................................................................................................68 Strengthening government capacity to detect and redress corruption in REDD+ .............................................................................................................................68 Establishing a code of ethics for REDD+ activities in Kenya ...................................................70 Enhancing regional collaboration in law enforcement and anti-corruption........................................................................................................................................70 7. Conclusion ....................................................................................................................................................71 Bibliography .....................................................................................................................................................72 A Corruption Risk Assessment for REDD+ in Kenya Acknowledgments This report was prepared for Kenya’s Ministry of Environment, Water and Natural Resources (MEW&NR) by André Standing (U4/CMI) and Michael Gachanja. It received overall guidance from Alfred N. Gichu, National REDD+ Coordinator, MEW&NR, Josep Gari, UNDP, UN-REDD Programme Africa, David
Load more

Recommended publications
  • DAYS in the COLD: KHRC's Report Into the Embobut Forest Evictions
    DAYS IN THE COLD 2014 Report into the Embobut Forest Evictions The report unravels the surroundings leading to forceful evictions witnessed in “Embobut with the aim of identifying the forces and causes of the eviction, find out“ the state, nature and extent of human rights violations as well as to determine the humanitarian assistance situation on the ground. ii DAYS IN THE COLD: KHRC’s Report into the Embobut Forest Evictions iii DAYS IN THE COLD: KHRC’s Report into the Embobut Forest Evictions DAYS IN THE COLD: KHRC’s Report into the Embobut Forest Evictions iv Acronyms…..................................................................................................................................vi Glossary of terms…...................................................................................................................viii Acknowledgements.....................................................................................................................ix Foreword…....................................................................................................................................x Executive Summary….................................................................................................................xi Kenya’s History of forest evictions….......................................................................................xi Chapter One: …............................................................................................................................1 Introduction…...................................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]
  • The Role of Public Forest Agencies in Strengthening SMFE and Producer
    XIV WORLD FORESTRY CONGRESS, Durban, South Africa, 7-11 September 2015 The role of public forest agencies in strengthening forest and farm producer organizations in developing countries: Results of a self-assessment with the Kenya Forest Service Marco Boscolo (FAO), Oscar Simanto (KFS)2, Philip Kisoyan (FFF Kenya)3, Jhony Zapata (FAO/FFF)4 Duncan McQueen (IIED)5 Abstract A number of FAO activities target Small and Medium Forest Enterprises (SMFE) and forest and farm producer organizations (POs). Some of these activities focus directly on POs, for example through capacity development interventions. Other activities focus on creating or strengthening cross-sectoral and multi-stakeholder platforms for dialogue. A third set of activities focus on improving the “enabling environment” for POs, for example by improving clarity of resources tenure. An often neglected area of support is in strengthening public forest institutions (PFI) as key element of the “enabling environment” for POs (see FAO’s policy brief on strengthening public forestry institutions, and FAO/FFF working paper “Making Change Happen”). In fact, their mandate often includes improvements of livelihood for the rural poor or support to small forestry producers and community forestry. The modalities by which this support is provided are rather mixed and range from providing extension services, facilitating PES schemes, administering incentives programs, maintaining nurseries, etc. However, the impact of their support to POs is rather mixed. In some cases, they are perceived as hindering POs development while in other cases they are a critical element of success. Anecdotally, the countries that have made more progress in supporting SMFE and POs have embraced a stronger “result orientation”.
    [Show full text]
  • The Coastal Forests of Kenya
    The Coastal Forests of Kenya Forests data, threats, socio-economic issues, values, stakeholders, challenges, strategies, investment and enabling environment A national synthesis report for the development of the WWF-EARPO Eastern Africa Coastal Forests Ecoregion Programme By Paul Matiku (M.Phil), Executive Director, Nature Kenya P.O Box 44486, 00100, Nairobi, Tel: 3749957, fax: 3749957 e-mail: [email protected] 1 Table of contents 1. Introduction....................................................................................................... 1 2.0 Description of Coastal Forests.......................................................................... 2 2.1 Data on coastal Forests...............................................................................................................................................2 2.2 Coastal forests protection status and management ....................................................................................................2 2.3 Physiography/form/canopy structure, dominant species, etc. of main blocks/forests.............................................3 2.4 Main goods and services from main forest blocks ....................................................................................................3 2.4.1 Local values: .....................................................................................................................................................4 2.4.2 National level values.........................................................................................................................................4
    [Show full text]
  • Kenya RPP Annex
    REDD READINESS PREPARATION PROPOSAL KENYA Annexes to R-PP 1 R-PP Annexes Table of Contents Annex 1b-1. Consultation and Participation I Information 1 Annex 1b-2. Consultation and Participation Workshops 3 Annex 1b-3. KFS REDD+ website 4 Annex 2a-1. Assessment of land use and forest policy and governance in the forest sector in Kenya 5 Annex 2a-2. List of on-going programs supporting the forestry sector in Kenya 28 Annex 2a-3. Ongoing climate change and REDD+ related projects being implemented in Kenya 30 Annex 3-1. Background Information for the Reference Scenario 37 Annex 3-2. Institutional coordination for developing the REL 38 Annex 3-3. Proposed institutional roles and responsibilities and their capacity and technology needs 38 Annex 3-4. Aerial Photography Coverage for Kenya 39 Annex 3-5. Remote sensing data in-house for Kenya 40 Annex 3-6. Sub-steps for estimating activity data for REL 41 Annex 3-7. Sub-steps for estimating emission/removal factors 42 Annex 4 – Developing a MRV system 45 2 Annex 1b-1. Consultation and Participation I Information Locations of Regional Workshops Western, Nyanza and North Rift (Western Block). The rationale for clustering these three conservancies together was that they all consist of representative ecological areas in the country but are all in close proximity to one another: two water towers (Mt. Elgon and Cherangani Hills), an important tropical rainforest(Kakamega forest) and arid and semi-arid areas (Baringo, West Pokot and Turkana). The Western Block also comprises a very diverse set of stakeholders, all with different interests in concepts such as REDD+.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Resource Management and Logging Activities in Kenya
    PMWL Research Result Forest Resource Management and Logging Activities in Kenya Access to new resource related to solving global environmental problems added to PMWL Resource provided by Daisy Ogutu 26 March 2020 – Kisumu, Kenya – Access to a new resource has been added to the PM World Library (PMWL) related to solving global environmental problems. The new resource is titled: Taskforce report on forest resource management and logging activities in Kenya, by the Republic of Kenya’s ministry of environment and forestry and published in The Forest Report in April 2018. The forest sector in Kenya contributes about Kshs. 7 billion to the economy and provides a lot of employment opportunities. Most of the country’s economic sectors rely on environment-based resources for their sustenance. Being the country’s water towers, forests ensure adequate quality and quantity of water and are also sinks of greenhouse gases which contribute to climate change mitigation. The global recommended minimum forest cover for a country is 10% while Kenya’s is estimated to be at 7.4%. Depletion of forest cover in the country is alarming and if not addressed urgently, it has the potential to rollback strides towards the attainment of Vision 2030 and the government’s Big Four Agenda. The Kenya Forest Service (KFS) is the lead agency in the management of forests in the country. Over the past 25 years, there has been massive destruction of forests due to excision, settlements established without following due process, encroachment, illegal logging and unsustainable grazing. It is estimated that 1.6 million tons of charcoal are produced in Kenya annually.
    [Show full text]
  • Strategic Plan 2017
    STRATEGIC PLAN 2017 - 2022 i FOREST COVER MAP ii Table of Contents Table of Contents ..................................................................................................................................... i Acronyms. .............................................................................................................................................. iii Technical Forest Definitions .................................................................................................................. iv Foreword ................................................................................................................................................ iv Preface ................................................................................................................................................... iv Executive Summary ................................................................................................................................ v CHAPTER 1: INTRODUCTION ........................................................................................................... 7 1.1. Introduction ........................................................................................................................... 7 1.2. Mandate and Functions of the Kenya Forest Service ........................................................ 7 Mandate ......................................................................................................................................... 7 The Functions of the Service are;-
    [Show full text]
  • Paradox of Deadwood Circular Bioeconomy in Kenya's Public Forests
    sustainability Review Paradox of Deadwood Circular Bioeconomy in Kenya’s Public Forests Sylvester Ngome Chisika, Joon Park and Chunho Yeom * International School of Urban Sciences, University of Seoul, Seoul 02504, Korea; [email protected] (S.N.C.); [email protected] (J.P.) * Correspondence: [email protected] Abstract: With the rising demand for energy, the forest-based circular bioeconomy is gaining recog- nition as a strategy for sustainable production and consumption of forest resources. However, the forest-based bioeconomy remains underexplored from the perspective of deadwood conservation in public forests. While conducting a literature review and examining the case of Kenya, this study fills a gap in the literature to provide policy suggestions for sustainable forest resource utilization. The results from global literature indicate that deadwood performs essential social, economic, and environmental functions in the circular bioeconomy and sustainable development. Similarly, in Kenya, deadwood resources provide many socially beneficial bioproducts and services. However, the absence of scientific research and detailed guidelines for deadwood conservation may lead to the distortion of the ecological balance in public forests because of the legally sanctioned removal of deadwood, particularly firewood. Moreover, if the status quo remains, with approximately 70% of the growing population consuming deadwood for domestic use and the demand increasing, as shown by the current wood deficit in the country, there will be a major dilemma concerning whether to conserve deadwood for biodiversity or energy. Therefore, averting crisis and providing maximum deadwood value to society requires guidelines and comprehensive research in addition to a cultural Citation: Chisika, S.N.; Park, J.; and behavioral shift in energy consumption in a manner that embraces the forest-based circular Yeom, C.
    [Show full text]
  • Forest Conflicts Amid National Controversy in Kenya
    Environment and Natural Resources J. Vol 8, No.1, April 2010: 9-22 9 Forest Conflict Amidst National Controversy in Kenya: Lessons of the Mau Forest Complex Elijah M Siringi School of Finance and Banking, Kigali, Rwanda Abstract Conflict of Mau forest Management continue amidst confusion and dismay in Kenya. Politics being at the centre stage; Mau forest complex has lost about 107,000 hectares, or 25 percent of its forest covers through: irregular and unplanned settlements, illegal logging and charcoal burning, change of land use from forest to unsustainable agriculture and change in ownership from public to private. This scenario threatens potentials of energy generation; tourism, agriculture and water supplies into Kenyan cities and industry and therefore deteriorate East Africa's biggest economy. The conflict resolution model in this paper describes participatory role of local institutions in conflict management as key, and argue therefore that enhancing communication and developing a framework of negotiation and dialogue among interested parties engaged in conflict will promote meaningful resolution of the Mau conflict. We suggest that Kenya as government need to engage on modern and skilful conflict resolution process that is not guided by politics but rather engage on forward looking process to resolve Mau conflict once and for all. This can be achieved through a conflict resolution management process which mobilizes local capacity through the use of local approaches such as customary laws, local leadership and negotiation skills. Key words: forest conflict / natural resources / Mau Forest Complex / conflict resolution process/ Kenya 1. Introduction the last remaining forest dwellers, are scattered all over the seven forest blocks.
    [Show full text]
  • The Political Economy of REDD+ in Kenya Identifying and Responding to Corruption Challenges
    U4 ISSUE March 2014 No 3 The political economy of REDD+ in Kenya Identifying and responding to corruption challenges André Standing and Michael Gachanja Anti- Corruption Resource Centre www.U4.no U4 is a web-based resource centre for development practitioners who wish to effectively address corruption challenges in their work. U4 is operated by the Chr. Michelsen Institute (CMI) – an independent centre for research on international development and policy – and is funded by the Australian Department of Foreign Affairs and Trade, BTC (Belgium), Danida (Denmark), DFID (UK), GIZ (Germany), Norad (Norway), Sida (Sweeden) and the Ministry of Foreign Affairs Finland. All views expressed in this Issue are those of the author(s), and do not necessarily reflect the opinions of the U4 Partner Agencies or CMI/ U4. (Copyright 2014 - CMI/U4) The political economy of REDD+ in Kenya Identifying and responding to corruption challenges André Standing Michael Gachanja U4 Issue March 2014 No 3 Contents Abstract ......................................................................................................................................................... v About the REDD Integrity Project ................................................................................................................... v Acknowledgements ....................................................................................................................................... v Acronyms .....................................................................................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Improving Efficiency in Forestry Operations and Forest Product Processing in Kenya: a Viable Redd+ Policy and Measure
    Republic of Kenya Ministry of Forestry and Wildlife IMPROVING EFFICIENCY IN FORESTRY OPERATIONS AND FOREST PRODUCT PROCESSING IN KENYA: A VIABLE REDD+ POLICY AND MEASURE www.un-redd.org Copyright © United Nations Environment Programme 2017 Reproduction This publication may be reproduced in whole or in part and in any form for educational or nonprofit purposes without special permission from the copyright holder, provided acknowledgement of the source is made. UN Environment would appreciate receiving a copy of any publication that uses this publication as a source. No use of this publication may be made for resale or for any other commercial purpose whatso ever without prior permission in writing from the United Nations Environment Programme. Disclaimer The designations employed and the presentation of the material in this publication do not imply the expression of any opinion what soever on the part of the United Nations Environment Programme concerning the legal status of any country, territory, city or area or of its authorities, or concerning delimitation of its frontiers or boundaries. Moreover, the views expressed do not necessarily represent the decision or the stated policy of the United Nations Environment Programme, nor does citing of trade names or commercial processes constitute endorsement. This publication has been made possible with funding from the UN-REDD Programme and with support from UNDP and FAO. The report should be referenced as follows: UN Environment (2017) Improving efficiency in forestry operations and forest product processing in Kenya: A viable REDD+ policy and measure? Acknowledgement Jackson Bambo, Hugo Douglas Dufresne, Miharu Furukawa, Gideon Gathaara, Bernard Gitau, Dr.
    [Show full text]
  • Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations
    Forestry Department Food and Agriculture Organization of the United Nations GLOBAL FOREST RESOURCES ASSESSMENT 2010 COUNTRY REPORT ENYA K FRA2010/107 Rome, 2010 The Forest Resources Assessment Programme Sustainably managed forests have multiple environmental and socio-economic functions important at the global, national and local scales, and play a vital part in sustainable development. Reliable and up- to-date information on the state of forest resources - not only on area and area change, but also on such variables as growing stock, wood and non-wood products, carbon, protected areas, use of forests for recreation and other services, biological diversity and forests’ contribution to national economies - is crucial to support decision-making for policies and programmes in forestry and sustainable development at all levels. FAO, at the request of its member countries, regularly monitors the world’s forests and their management and uses through the Forest Resources Assessment Programme. This country report forms part of the Global Forest Resources Assessment 2010 (FRA 2010). The reporting framework for FRA 2010 is based on the thematic elements of sustainable forest management acknowledged in intergovernmental forest-related fora and includes variables related to the extent, condition, uses and values of forest resources, as well as the policy, legal and institutional framework related to forests. More information on the FRA 2010 process and the results - including all the country reports - is available on the FRA Web site (www.fao.org/forestry/fra
    [Show full text]
  • Work Environment and the Performance of Forest Rangers in South West Mau Forest, Kenya
    ASIAN JOURNAL OF FORESTRY Volume 2, Number 2, December 2018 E-ISSN: 2580-2844 Pages: 46-53 DOI: 10.13057/asianjfor/r020202 Work environment and the performance of forest rangers in South West Mau Forest, Kenya NDUKU ISSA ETEMESI, PETER K. SIRMAH, JOSIAH CHEPKWONY Department of Forest, School of Natural Resources and Environmental Management, University of Kabianga. P.O. Box 2030, Kericho, Kenya. Tel.: +254716188311, email: [email protected] Manuscript received: 24 August 2018. Revision accepted: 13 September 2018. Abstract. Etemesi NI, Sirmah PK, Chepkwony J. 2018. Work environment and the performance of forest rangers in South West Mau Forest, Kenya. Asian J For 2: 46-53. The objective of this research was to evaluate and understand how the working environment of Kenya Forest Service (KFS) forest rangers affects their performance. The Rangers, under the Enforcement and Compliance Division (ENCOM) of KFS are mandated to implement the enforcement of laws and policies pertaining to forests and its allied resources as prescribed in the Kenya Forest Act of 2005. Qualitative research approach was employed in the data collection by the use of structured questionnaires in four forest stations. From a population of 46 rangers, 32 rangers, 8 serving in each of the three forest stations {Londiani, Masaita, and Sorget} of Kericho Zone, Mau complex and the Kericho Ecosystem Conservator's Office were sampled randomly. A pre-tested questionnaire on demographic trends, duration of service, work environment variables constituting of remuneration, living conditions, motivation, appraisals, rewards, empowerment, communication, work tools, mobility, uniforms, challenges, and personal life were administered in January 2016. The performance indicators gave dissatisfaction rates of 59% and 63% in most of the parameters tested.
    [Show full text]