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EZE, CAROLINE NGOZI PG/Ph.D/10/57530 MOTIVATIONAL INITIATIVES FOR CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN ANAMBRA AND IMO STATES OF NIGERIA FACULTY OF EDUCATION DEPARTMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION AND EXTRA MURAL STUDIES Digitally Signed by: Content manager’s Name DN : CN = Webmaster’s name Godwin Valentine O= University of Nigeria, Nsukka OU = Innovation Centre ii MOTIVATIONAL INITIATIVES FOR CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN ANAMBRA AND IMO STATES OF NIGERIA By EZE, CAROLINE NGOZI PG/Ph.D/10/57530 DEPARTMENT OF ADULT EDUCATION AND EXTRA MURAL STUDIES FACULTY OF EDUCATION UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA NSUKKA JULY, 2016 i TITLE PAGE MOTIVATIONAL INITIATIVES FOR CITIZENS’ PARTICIPATION IN COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT ACTIVITIES IN ANAMBRA AND IMO STATES OF NIGERIA By EZE, CAROLINE NGOZI PG/Ph.D/10/57530 A THESIS SUBMITTED TO THE FACULTY OF EDUCATION, UNIVERSITY OF NIGERIA, NSUKKA IN PARTIAL FULFILLMENT FOR THE AWARD OF THE DEGREE OF DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY (Ph.D) IN ADULT EDUCATION/COMMUNITY DEVELOPMENT SUPERVISOR: PROF. (MRS.) C.I. OREH JULY, 2016 ii APPROVAL PAGE This thesis has been approved for the Department of Adult Education and Extral Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka. By ……………………………… …………………………… Prof. (Mrs) C.I. Oreh Thesis Supervisor Internal Examiner ……………………….. ……………………………. External Examiner Prof. S.C. Nwizu Head of Department …………………………………… Prof. Uju Umo Dean, Faculty of Education iii CERTIFICATION Eze, Caroline Ngozi a Postgraduate Student in the Department of Adult Education and Extral Mural Studies, with registration Number PG/Ph.D/10/57530, has satisfactorily completed the requirements for research work for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in Adult Education/Community Development. The work embodied in this thesis is original and has not been submitted in part or full for other diploma or degree of this or any other University. Eze, Caroline Ngozi Prof. (Mrs.) C.I. Oreh (Student) (Supervisor) iv DEDICATION This research work is dedicated to God Almighty the giver of wisdom and understanding for his mercy and love on us. v ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS The researcher acknowledges the contributions of authors whose materials provided in- depth knowledge to literature of the study. The researcher also expresses her appreciation to her amiable supervisor Prof. (Mrs.) C.I. Oreh for her show of love, concern, constructive criticism and suggestions towards the successful completion of the study, and also made sure that the work was not delayed unnecessarily, The researcher is delighted to appreciate Dr. F.O. Mbagwu, Dr. O.N. Nwakaire and Dr. Eric K.N. Nwagu, the validates of the instrument of the study for their painstaking efforts in scrutinizing the questionnaire. The researcher also appreciates the immense contributions of Dr. C.N. Olori, who analyzed the research data. The researcher is also thankful to the entire staff members of the Department of Adult Education and Extral Mural Studies, University of Nigeria, Nsukka who is like a family to her and Mr. G.O. Obi, who was like a father to the researcher. The story of the researcher’s stay in Nsukka will not be complete without her making reference to Mrs. C.C. Okide and Mrs. C. Imoh who provided a home for her. The researcher’s utmost gratitude goes to her brother and sisters: Mrs. V.I. Onwuma, Mrs. J.O. Eke, Lady J. Mmaduekwe, Mrs. V. Osita and Mr. P. Onyiuke, for their support and encouragement. The researcher’s indebtedness goes to her loving husband Mr.K.I.O. Eze and her children Ifunanya, Chukwuebuka, Chukwudalu, Kosisochukwu and Chukwubuikem for their understanding, endurance and love. Finally, in recognition of the fact that no one takes upon oneself an honour if it does not come from above, the researcher therefore acknowledges the supremacy of God Almighty for His wisdom, guidance, direction, love, care and protection granted her for the period of this academic pursuit, may His name alone be praised for all eternity. Amen. vi TABLE OF CONTENTS Title Page i Approval Page ii Certification iii Dedication iv Acknowledgements v Table of Contents vi List of Tables viii Abstract ix CHAPTER ONE: INTRODUCTION Background of the Study 1 Statement of the Problem 15 Purpose of the Study 17 Significance of the Study 17 Research Questions 18 Hypotheses 19 Scope of the Study 20 CHAPTER TWO: REVIEW OF RELATED LITERATURE 21 Conceptual Framework 21 Motivational Initiatives for Citizens’ Participation 22 Concept of Citizens’ Participation 33 Concept of Community Development 40 Theoretical Framework 51 Needs Theory (Abraham Maslow’s Hierarchy of Needs) 52 Participatory Development Theory 53 Expectancy Theory 55 Review of Related Empirical Studies 56 Summary of Reviewed Literature 59 CHAPTER THREE: RESEARCH METHOD 61 Design of the Study 61 Area of the Study 61 Population of the Study 62 Sample and Sampling Techniques 63 Instruments for Data Collection 63 Validation of the Instruments 64 Reliability of the Instrument 65 Procedure for Data Collection 65 Method of Data Analysis 66 CHAPTER FOUR: PRESENTATION OF RESULTS 67 Research Question 1 67 Hypothesis 1 68 Research Question 2 69 Hypothesis 2 70 vii Research Question 3 71 Hypothesis 3 72 Research Question 4 73 Hypothesis 4 74 Research Question 5 75 Hypothesis 5 76 Research Question 6 77 Hypothesis 6 78 Summary of Major Findings 79 CHAPTER FIVE: DISCUSSION OF THE FINDINGS, CONCLUSION AND RECOMMENDATIONS 81 Discussion of Findings 81 Conclusions 84 Implications of the Study for Adult Education 85 Recommendations 86 Limitations of the Study 87 Suggestions for Further Research 87 REFERENCES 88 APPENDICES 98 APPENDIX A: Letter to Respondents 98 APPENDIX B: Questionnaire Items 99 APPENDIX C: Information on the Population of the Study for Anambra State 101 APPENDIX D: Information on the Population of the Study for Imo State 103 APPENDIX E: Statistics of Registered Community Based Organisations in Anambra and Imo States 105 APPENDIX F: Sample Size of the Study for Anambra and Imo States 108 APPENDIX G: Sample Size of the Study for Anambra and Imo States 109 viii LIST OF TABLES 1. Mean rating of respondents on the extent to which decentralization of power in communities has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 67 2. t-test analysis of significant difference between the mean ratings of respondents in Anambra and Imo States regarding the extent to which decentralization of power in community has promoted citizens’ participation in the state 68 3. Mean rating of respondents regarding the extent to which good leadership in communities has helped in improving citizens’ participation in the states. 69 4. t-test analysis of significant difference between the mean ratings of respondents in Anambra and Imo States regarding the extent to which good leadership in communities has helped in improving citizens’ participation in the states 70 5. Mean rating of respondents regarding the extent to which identification of community needs has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 71 6. t-test analysis of significant difference between the mean ratings of respondents in Anambra and Imo States regarding the extent to which identification of community needs has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 72 7. Mean rating of respondents regarding the extent to which respect for people’s culture has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 73 8. t-test analysis of significant difference between the mean ratings of respondents in Anambra and Imo States regarding the extent to which respect for people’s culture has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 74 9. Mean rating of respondents regarding the extent to which adequate funding has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 75 10. t-test analysis of significant difference between the mean ratings of respondents in Anambra and Imo States regarding the extent to which adequate funding in communities has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 76 11. Mean rating of respondents regarding the extent to which need selection has promoted citizens’ participation in the states 77 12. t-test analysis of significant difference between the mean ratings of respondents from Anambra and Imo States regarding the extent to which need selection has promoted citizens’ participation in the states. 78 ix Abstract The main purpose of this study was to ascertain the extent to which motivational initiatives promote citizens’ participation in community development activities in Anambra and Imo States of Nigeria. Six research questions and six null hypotheses were raised to guide the study. The study adopted descriptive survey research design. The population of the study was 2, 357 respondents made up of members of registered Community Based Organizations (CBOs) in Anambra and Imo States. A sample of 853 respondents was drawn from the population using multi-stage proportionate sampling technique. Data collection instrument was self-structured questionnaire titled, ‘Questionnaire on Motivational Initiatives for Citizens’ Participation in Community Development Activities(QMICPCDA). The instrument was face validated by three experts, two in Community Development unit of Department of Adult Education & Extra-Mural Studies and one in Measurement and Evaluation Unit of Department of Science Education both from University of Nigeria, Nsukka. An overall reliability index of 0.91 was obtained using the Cronbach Coefficient Alpha. The null hypotheses were tested using t-test at 0.05 level of significant. Weighted mean and Standard Deviation were used in analyzing the collected data. Copies of the instrument were administered to the respondents through direct delivery technique. Data collected from respondents were analyzed using frequency counts, mean ratings were used for other six research questions. Result of findings indicated that to a high extent, decentralization of power in communities, good leadership, identification of needs, respect for people’s culture, adequate funding and need selection has assisted citizens’ participation in communities in Anambra and Imo States. The findings further revealed that significant differences were not found in decentralization of power, good leadership and need selection in the communities of Anambra and Imo States.
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