Association

DECEMBER 1991 VOL. IV, NO.4 - Fort loudon Water Association Inc. P.O. Box 353 Fort Loudon, PA 17224 October 25. 1991 PA Rural Water Association Saltsburg, PA 15681 GAO · Office C/o Steve Krchnavy United States Genera l Accountmg K~B~ Dear Steve: r Washington. D.C. 20548 1991 Office of Secr~rary ~he Water Associalion Board of Directors expresses September 18. 620 South Mam St. the" appreciation to PRWA and to yourself tor conducting Mr. Herb Pi:ter P.. o. Box 366 lhe leak. <1eteclion survey of our syslem on t 012419 t. A Executive Director . . Knox. PA 16232 9 1 su?stantral teak was successfully localed between a bank PA Aural Water ASSOCI3110n September 11. 19 bUJid1ng and the community center. P.O. Box 90 Further. the Information presented on management of PA Rural water Association Saltsburg, PA 15681·0090 dally wafer use will help us greatly In lurure efforts to P.O. BO)( 90 monitor usage and also derecr teaks readily Dear Herb: c·ate our help during our trip Saltsburg Plaza Thanks again. for you prompr response ~~ our request Kathryn and I really appre ~ kn~w tedge of water issues Saltsburg. PA 15681 tor help! to Pennsylvania. Your lndept_ and pleasant personality I PA love ol country muSIC, Attn: Bill Kelter . . ur maintenance Sincerely, n · · a huge success. , really made the tnp rt sometime this spnng. As Dear Mr. Kelter. e two plugs whiCh .o ot our sanitary We plan to issue the repo . t~uri ng smo~e test•~~ . 1b re to ma1l you a copy. . Enclosed are d tl1e all your help in promised, we Wll e su c· ·r Rider Program In department use nk you tor the" use a Best wishes to you and the lrCul sewer system. Tha Paur J . Sacha Pennsylvania. thiS project. F.L.W.A Sincerely. Sincerely, Secretary/Treasurer Knox Borough . (_~v\.o.OQ.CA ~ - (_"'-~ ;1/. l_ ...,; /kJ-u,.J1 ' : '/1.1'/C . ·t . ·f.· l Angela R. Crump \ll 'e. il~·w •{'t L. t•·L'·t •·:_ ' ·-rt.". Evaluator·ln·Charge . Cheryl L. Nebinski '.I·'~' :_b,,, '-' Environmental Protection Secretary , JI: ..J''' ' '~t. '.!·'--1 ~~·.ru Issue Area I - ( ·J•'I} .;$S-l::.·:t - September 17. 1991 M Steve Krchnavy PAr. Rura,o Wate r Association The Central Indiana County Water Authority P.O. Box 90 . 1 0090 United States General Accounting Office Saltsburg, PA 1568 . 30 East Wiley Street . Mr James Bayly Homer City. PA 15748 Dear Steve. September 11. 1991, Since the Borough of Wellsville Municipal Authority On Wednesday, Mills Water Company. lve to Box d I went to the Guys able to pertorm a va P.O. 71 October 8. 1991 Wellsvi lle, PA 17365 Cterk-Radionuclides an . o small we were his survey we comp~:~~ss~rvey during that day .~~~o\eal<.age In the (7)7 ) 432·3395 Drmk1ng Water Standards Division OGWDW (WH -5500) ~:~~= able to determ i n~ tt~~;;~:~l their source was 3.3 August28. 1991 USEPA distribution that the to a d PA Rural water Association 402 M Street. SW gpm ·s presently leed•nQ. 33 customers an P.O. Box 90 Washington. DC 20460 This 3.3 g~mr~nning out of water. In valves lo the Sa ltsburg, PA 15681 Dear Sir or Madam: they are Slg:~t~d that they turn off ~~~n~g~t and then turn Allen: Judith M. Muehl . We sug ch night a\ m• the first Field Representalive The purpose ol this correspondence is to comment on distribution system e? g at a time convenient to ell to Dear Judy: the Proposed Radionuctide Rule. them on in the mornm suggested drilhng a w First, this is another financial burden to the small water arty riser. We also o Thank ou for taking time out o_f your. busy utility with no funds available to install the required :upplement their source.turther help, please feet tree I schedule fo attend our Borough Council meetmg on treatment. How- much more can the small utilities that are If we can be of any Monday August 26. r doing a good job handle without any financial assistance contact this office. smcerely. Council was pleased that ~ou. wou l~;~~e~~o ::~l~e !rom the regulators? The answer is no more! You are the smaller systems and con.er W I regulating us right out of existence! Problems they face. h · Second. the dangers of radon exposure from drinking i -t~aic .J~~ lt is personally satisfying to know t ere rs /. someone out there on whom I can call for water are very slight compared to other exposures. Western Utilities. tnc professional advice. Third. the contaminant level for radon, 300 MCL, is too Fran\<. R. Sargent low for the 80 cancers saved each year. The MCL should Thanks again, .Judy. be set at no lower than 1.000 pCill. Thos level is still withir1 L-r-----~~~-1 EPA's desire to limit risk to the 10·4 risk range level and is Very truly yours, a level that will afford all consumers a safe level of 1535 Pine Top Circle protection. Emmaus, PA 18049 ~()..._- t am sending a copy ol this letter to our Congressional Representatives to help alert them to the burden that EPA PA Rural Water A . . August 26, 1991 ia 1< . Lehr P.O. Box 90 ssocoaroon is creating for the small but very efficient water utilities. er Secretary Saltsburg. PA 15681·0090 Celebrating 100 years ofitlCOrporation . .. 1892-!992 Sincerely, Dear Sirs: In February Of lhi CU.~ Training Course ; s Year r attended a Gas . (J ~ Chto~•nator ~ithANipps Interesting and I 0g ven by our organizauo,., I name and a lhe Pomr. Would · 0Wtd •I very Borough Manager 0 ' cc: H. WoHord o/ other suc~~;:~s to YOur mailing list 1~ ~e~~ease. add my J. Kolter Thank you. mmg courses. me Informed Pa. Rural Water Assoc. uoorn m ~~@ ~ V ®~FOR AM E RICA~

PRWA BOARD OF DIRECTORS Teresa Rissmiller Jan Gallo ~~stone1r~~ Elizabethtown, Pennsylvania Clymer, Pennsylvania The President Director E. Dean Steele Guy Shaffer Kittanning, Pennsylvania Bellefonte, Pennsylvania Vice-President Director Articles and Features: L. Edmund Wilson, Jr. Dave Quinn Drought of 1991 ...... 3 Alexandria, Pennsylvania White Haven, Pennsylvania Secretary Director P.R.W.A. Receives National Recognition6 Patrick Regan Carrolltown , Pennsylvania Drought Contingency Planning ...... 9 Treasurer Insurance ...... 11 PRWA- STAFF Herb Pizer, Program Manager The Diffuser ...... 11 Stephen Krchnavy, Circuit Rider William Keller, Waste-Water Technician Drips & Drops ...... 15-16 Dennis Wanless, Groundwater Technician Barbara Judeich, Office Manager P.R. W .A Conference ...... Ce nterfold Kim Pizer, Secretary Judy Muehl, Field Representative Legislative Updates ...... 23 Financing Rural Water NOTICE TO READERS . & Sewer Systems ...... 25 Pennsylvania Rural Water Association would like to Water Ads ...... 28 invite you to prepare a short article about your water system or other topics which would be of interest to Lead in Drinking Water ...... 28 our readers. We also welcome articles from our Asso­ ciate members. Blairsville Open House ...... 35 Send your articles with black and white photographs, if available to: PRWA Saltsburg Plaza The KEYSTONE TAP is the official publication of the P.O. Box 90 PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION, P.O. Box Saltsburg, PA 15681 -0090 90, Saltsburg, Pennsylvania 15681 , and is published quarterly for distribution to representatives of Rural and Municipal Water Supplies. Issues are mailed free of charge to member and non­ On the-Cover: member rural water associations. Articles and photographs are encouraged with payment in complimentary copies. For more Although summer has passed the drought is still affecting most information regarding this publication, contact the PRWA office, counties in Pennsylvania, see articles in this issue. P.O. Box 90, Saltsburg, Pa., 15681, phone {412) 639-3246. a 0 a 0 0 a a 0 0 a a 0 0 a a 0 0 a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a 0 a a a a 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 a • 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a a 0 a 1 MEAN AREAL COUNTY PRECIPITATION FOR THE PERIOD 01 /01 /91 TO 09/08/91 COMPILED BY THE NWS • MIDDLE ATLANTIC RIVER FORECAST CENTER

I( H w 0 R SUSOVEHANNA WAAR E. H POT leA TIOCA DAAOFORO 23.42 21.97 16.88 14.79 15.96 17.30

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2 THE DROUGHT OF 1991 By Dennis Lee, Chief, Designs Standards Unit, Division of Water Supplies, DER

On July 24, 1991 , Governor Casey declared thirty-nine 5. Washing paved surfaces Pennsylvania counties to be in a drought emergency 6. Operation of ornamental water displays (fountains, condition. Three weeks later on August 16, an additional etc.) 16 counties were similarly declared , bringing to 55 the 7. Serving water in restaurants unless requested by the number of the Pennsylvania's 67 counties which are under customer. drought emergency conditions. The Pennsylvania Department of Environmental Re­ The Governor's drought declaration is effective for 90 sources (DER) monitors five indicators to assess hydrolog­ days, at which time it may be renewed if conditions ic and water supply conditions and determine drought warrant. Since drought conditions remain unabated, the response stages: declaration is virtually certain to be renewed in November 1. Precipitation (averages by county) unless sustained heavy rainfall occurs before then. 2. Stream flow (selected stations) The 1991 drought has affected Pennsylvania more 3. Groundwater levels (representative wells) severely than neighboring states. This drought had its 4. Palmer Drought Index (a measure of soil moisture) origins in January, when reduced snowfall over the winter 5. Reservoir levels (Delaware River Basin and other key led to reduced spring snow melt, thereby reducing the reservoirs). amount of precipitation added to groundwater. Drought As small water utilities have approached the limits of their conditions worsened during April, normally a wet month, supplies, DER has issued more emerg ency permits. These and rapidly accelerated during May, when rainfall was permits are valid only on a short-term basis and are usually unusually low across most of the state. By June conditions used to bring back-up sources (i.e ., those which need not had deteriorated to a point where many stream flows were be monitored) into service. The Department has also as low as they would normally be during August, but with issued more permits for bulk water haulers, which have the typically dry summer months still ahead. Thus, in late been called upon to truck water from alternate sources or July most of the state was declared to be in .an emergency other water utilities. status, anticipating that conditions would almost certainly A key element in forestalling and diminishing drought worsen during the remainder of the summer. By Septem­ effects on water suppliers, especially small supplies, is to ber many streams were at or approaching record low flow have an effective drought contingency plan, and to make levels. timely use of it. Following the Governor's declaration, all Three drought conditions are defined in Pennsylvania. A water suppliers in the 55-county drought emergency area drought watch status , the mildest of the three conditions, were required to submit a drought contingency plan to their is intended to increase awareness and preparation for local municipality. In addition, all water suppliers serving impending drought conditions by increasing monitoring more than 100 connections were required to submit a and achieving a voluntary water use reduction of at least drought contingency plan for approval to DER by August five percent. A drought warning status means that water 23. Similarly, water rationing cannot be implemented by a conservation measures should be put in place to forestall water supplier without first obtaining approval of a water mandatory water use restrictions. The goal is to reduce rationing plan from DER. water use from ten to fifteen percent in affected regions. Past droughts have demonstrated the consequences of The drought emergency status , which can only be being Ill-prepared for a drought, or of not executing a declared by the Governor, occurs when the deficit in drought contingency plan quickly enough. As with most precipitation compared to normal is eight inches or more preventive measures, time and resources spent early can over at least six month. Mandatory water use restrictions avoid much larger expenses later. take effect, designed to assure public health and safety, Some general recommendations for water suppliers and support essential and high priority water uses. The dealing with the current drought emergency are: goal is to achieve at least a fifteen percent reduction in 1. If you have a drought contingency plan, use it and water use. follow it closely. If you don't have a plan, it is essential The drought emergency declaration automatically insti­ to develop one as quickly as possible, not only to deal tutes mandatory water use restrictions for the affected with the current drought but to address the inevitable counties. These restrictions include bans on "nonessential future droughts as well. Experience with the present water uses," enforceable by either the local municipality of drought can serve as a guide for dealing with typical the state. Most of these banned uses have exceptions but problems and also as a basis for modifying the in general include: drought contingency plan. 1. Lawn and golf course watering 2. Continue to emphasize to customers that water 2. Irrigation of gardens, trees, and shrubs restrictions remain mandatory in the 55 emergency- 3. Filling or topping off of swimming pools continued on page 30 4. washing vehicle

...... a 0 0 0 0 a a a a 1 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a 0 0 a a a a 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a 0 a a 0 0 • 0 0 0 a a a 0 a a a 0 0 • a a a a 0 0 a 0 a a a a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 1 0 a 0 ... 3 OPERATOR CERTIFICATION EXAM DATES

APPLICATION FOR CERTIFICATION OF SEWAGE TREATMENT PLANT AND WATERWORKS OPERATORS EXAMINATION DATES: January 18, 1992 - All applications must have been received by the Department, complete and correct, no later than October 28, 1991 . June 13, 1992 - All applications must be received by the Department, complete and correct, no later than March 30, 1992.

Do not wait lor the deadline to submit applications: this may allow sufficient time to provide corrections or additional information if they are needed.

Applications for the January 18, 1992 examination should have been submitted by October 28, 1991. Applications lor I he June 13, 1992 examination should be submitted as soon as possible after January 1992.

Copies of Course Completion Certificates and transcripts must be submitted with the application in order to be counted toward Total Experience.

Applicants requesting two examinations (water and sewage) must be examined in the Harrisburg area.

A score ot 70 or higher on the ABC examination, permits the applicant to apply for placement on the ABC Reciprocity Register. For more information on the Reciprocity Register, please contact ABC, P.O. Box 786, Ames, Iowa 50010·0786, or call (515) 232-3623.

For application forms or Information pertaining to certification, write to Department of Environmental Resources, P.O. Box 2063, Harrisburg, PA 17105-2063, or call (717) 787-5236.

For information regarding courses, write to Department of Community Affairs, Bureau of Local Government SeNices. Municipal Training Division, P.O. Box 155, Harrisburg, PA 17120, or call {717) 787-5177.

Exam Dates Location Application Due Date

January 18, 1992 October 28, 1991

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THE DEER HUNT SATURDAY 4:01 p.m. - Load gun -leave camp again. 1 :00 A.M. - Alarm clock rings. 5:00 p.m. - Empty gun on squirrel that's bugging you. 2:00A.M. - Hunting partners arrive, drag you out of bed. 6:00p.m. -Arrive at camp, see deer grazing in camp. 2:30 A.M . - Throw everything but the kitchen sink in the 6:01 p.m. - Load gun. pickup. 6:02 p.m. - Fire gun. 3:00A.M. - Leave for the deep woods. 6:03 p.m. - One dead pickup truck. 3:15A.M.- Drive back home and pick up gun. 6:05 p.m. - Partner returns to camp dragging deer. 3:30 A.M . - Drive like hell to get to the woods before 6:06 p.m. - Repress strong desire to shoot partner. daylight. 6:07 p.m. - Fall into fire. 4:00A.M. -Set up camp - forgot damn tent. 6:10p.m. -Change clothes, throw burned ones into fire. 4:40A.M.- Head into the woods. 6:15 p.m. - Take pickup, leave partner & his deer in the 6:00A.M. - See 8 deer. woods. 6:06A.M. -Take aim and squeeze trigger. 6:25p.m. - Pickup boils over- hole shot in block. 6:07 A.M. - "CLICK" 6:26p.m. - Start walking. 6:08A.M. - Load gun while watching deer go over hill. 6:30p.m. - Stumble and fal l, drop gun in the mud. 8:00A.M. - Head back to camp. 6:35 p.m. - Meet bear. 9:00A.M. -Still looking for camp. 6:36p.m.- Take aim. 10:00 A.M . - Realize you don't know where camp is. 6:37 p.m. - Fire gun, blow up barrel plugged with mud. Noon - Fire gun for help - eat wild berries. 6:38 p.m. - Shit pants. 12:15 p.m.- Run out of bullets- 8 deer come back. 6:39p.m. - Climb tree. 12:20 p.m. - Strange feeling in stomach. 9:00p.m.- Bear departs, wrap *&%#@##&* gun around 12:30 p.m. - Realize you ate poison berries. tree. 12:45 p. m. - Rescued! MIDNIGHT- Home at last. 12:55 p.m. - Rushed to hospital to have stomach pumped. SUNDAY - Watch football game on TV, slowly tearing 3:00 p.m. - Arrive back in camp. license into little pieces. Place into envelope, and mail to 3:30 p.m. - Leave camp to kill deer. Game Warden, with clear instructions on where to place it. 4:00p.m. - Return to camp for bullets.

• 0 0 • a 0 0 a 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a a a a 0 0 a 0 a 0 a a a a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 • a 0 a a a a 0 0 a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a 0 • 0 0 • 5 Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Receives Recognitions at National Rural Water Conference September 14-18, 1991

"A PROUD & PROFESSIONAL DELEGATION" Steve Krchnavy accepts his recognition certificate from Left to right; Pat Regan, PRWA Board Treasurer; Dave NRWA President Ernest Faucett. Steve was nominated for Quinn, PRWA Board Member; Dennis Wanless, Ground­ Circuit Rider of the Year. water Technician; Kim Pizer, PRWA Secretary; Herb Pizer, Program Manager; Barb Judeich, Office Manager; Steve Krchnavy, Circuit Rider; Teresa Rissmiller, PRWA Board President; Ed Wilson, PRWA Board Secretary; Bill Keller, Wastewater Technician.

Teresa with Mr. Faucett. PRWA was nominated for State Association of the Year and Keystone Tap Magazine was nominated as one of the five best state publications of the year. William J. Keller was nominated for Wastewater Techni­ cian of the Year. Bill is shown receiving his nomination certificate from NRWA President Ernest Faucett.

This land is Your Land

16th Annual NRWA Technical Confernce September 16·18, 1991 Minneapolis, MN Teresa Rissmiller, PRWA Board President, proudly accepts Membership Development Award from NRWA President Ernest Faucett on behalf of the Pennsylvania Rural Water Association.

!: a 0 0 0 0 ° a a a a 0 • • 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 e 0 • 0 • 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a a 0 a a a a 1 a • 0 a 0 a a a a a 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a a 6 Guess Who's Coming To Dinner • • •

. . . So RECRU IT some NEW MEMBERS TODAY! And don't forget to put YOUR NAME on the SPONSOR LINE.

"2nd place: $300.000 Cash Prize plus 2 Registrations •,' . "3rd place: $200.00 Cash Prize plus 2 Registrations Details will be mailed to all members or can be obtained by calling the PRWA Office at 412-639-3246.

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THE tiRI!\:NI·.I.I. ~ tii!I:'V:-.!EI.I. \11.\"l Uh\ CTURINC ) tiHI'\'"lt'.l.l. FIRE I'ROTECI'ION ).\ NSUI. ) CiRI'\':'VEI.I. l'.-\ !\111 .\' 01· Cl)MI':\:-ilr-S "W <;UPI' I.Y SALES ) WO I~:>-1t\I.D ) MUEI.I.EH ) H E i t~EY ) ,\ I.I.IF.D ) TOT:\L W,\1 fHF.It

! 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a o a o • 0 ° 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a a a a a a 0 • a a a 0 a 8 DROUGHT CONTINGENCY PLANNING By John R. Williams, P.E. , FmHA The Drought Contingency Plan should be a state of mind Recovery instead of a required document to prepare and sit on a People often wonder when this drought will end and shelf collecting dust. The state of mind should be of "being whether it will carry into next year. Some water prepared" for very significant drought events and a sort of systems have wells which have operating water water awareness with regard to available vs. consumed levels 70 to 90 feet below normal. The answer to this water. Of course this planning effort should be written, question depends on rainfall. Some areas of this read, and shared by all interested and responsible water state are over 13 inches behind normal rainfall for this system operators. year. Whenever this current drought emergency concludes, all To put this in perspective, examine a one square Pennsylvania small water systems can benefit to some m1le drainage area. For each inch of rainfall there is extent from a review and revision of a few basic approximately 17 million gallons falling in the parameters concerning the mobility of your water system drainage area. Should half of this water percolate into to survive a very dry time. This summer's drought has set the groundwater table then we have 8% million record low-flow events in certain parts of the state. gallons into the ground. Depending on the specific Informational records of available supply and consumption system, you may be able to pump 20% of the levels should be very helpful some time in the future. Sure available . groundwater or 1,700,000 gallons. This we might have plenty of rains or even flqods in the next makes each inch of rainfall mighty important to water several years, but you never know if the drought suppliers. Now consider such counties as Fulton contingency planning effort you put forth now might just County which is 13.31 inches below normal for this save the day thirty years from now. year and we can better appreciate the predicament our water systems face on a daily basis. Supply Side Let's all pray for the good Lord to give us more rain From the 1980's we've heard about supply-side econom­ and to be better stewards of the precious water we ics, and many water system operators naturally Will be have. oriented in this direction as the trickle-down theory does not function when there is no rain. It is worth remarking that during this summer, consumers on the Potomac River were drawing slightly more than half the river's flow. It appears that this society is beginning to realize that we are tapping one of our last abundant raw Insurance Programs resources and specific sources will be tapped to the limit in for the future. Supply-side documentation should list each water source Rural ~ater Systems with it's normal and drought flow rate. Further, this is the place to think about what additional water sources might be available to the system as follows: Alexander & Alc.andcr Inc. une ur the wor kr~ leading IIISUf:IIICC t>ru ~ cr~ . " • Surface Sources • Infiltration Gallerys your N:U t(lllal Rur:tl W~ HC:r J\ ~'\()t; J ;tt i on cml u r~c.tt broker co lllCt'l )'t\11 1 nct:ch ror: • Wells • Neighboring Systems · Springs • Properly ln,.ur.u1 C:c • Oond'\ • Lt:tbt111 y ln~u r;'l n cc • Wol'kef $ Compc•l <.:uiuu • Au1omobilc: ln(ur: u1cc • Urul>rclta L1 .tbilory Water Conservation • Manne ln,urancc • Oucc.:lur·~ ami orru:cr\ It has been said that a penny saved is a penny • lloller ~nd Macl11nery Lo:1bohry earned, and the mandatory water use restrictions l n~u r :.ncc • C htunnc Rclcauur <.y~tc m . cnn1:.ca A&A ror more onfonn3uon ;u l·R00·~25·0 1 05 ur (JOJ) 297·1020 beneficial to become leakage conscious. This should raise a flag whenever operators notice a wet area during a drought. One such water system discovered such a leak this PJ~xander summer. The system placed an outside meter pit by ~exander the main and compared this to the meter in the dwelling. It was thereby discovered that 15,000 Suire J(X)() gallons per day was leaking out of a faulty service t 09'1 l!lt h Srrccl line. Service line was replaced and consumption Dc n ~c r . Colur:o

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BERMAD VALVES FOR RURAL WATER AND MUNICIPAL SYSTEMS

• PRESSURE REDUCING • ALTITUDE VALVES • PUMP CONTROL VALVES • RELIEF VALVES • SURGE CONTROL • RATE OF FLOW CONTROL DIRECT FACTORY OFFICES AND TECHNICAL SERVICES P.O. Box 330 Carnegie, PA 15106 412-429·0247 REPRESENTED BY PHILADELPHIA: BUCKS ENVIRONMENTAL P.O. Box 550 Buckingham, PA 18912 215-794-8841 Tom Cummiskey PITTSBURGH: KERR MARKETING AGENCY 10001 York Theta Dr. Cleveland, OH 44133 216-582-1720 Ken Kerr

~ 0 a a a 0 a a a a a a ~ 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a • 0 0 0 a 0 0 a a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 a a a a a a • .• 0 0 0 0 • 10 INSURANCE Bonding of Officials and Employees The Responsibility of Boards and Management By Judy Muehl, P.R. W.A. Field Rep, NRWA Loan Asset

Some bonding of public officials is mandated by Blanket Bond: municipal codes or statutes. These bonds guarantee the This bond covers dishonest acts of all employees of the official will faithfully perform his/her duties of office. Most company. commonly treasurers and tax collectors come under these laws. As stated in the beginning of this article, municipal Other bonds on municipal or private sector employees governments have state and sometimes county statutes cover anyone handling or with access to public or private and codes that mandate what type and amount of bond is money. These include counc1l members, supervisors, to be obtained. Some loan agreements have covenants as secretaries and other employees of the municipal govern­ to the amount and type of bond needed by the municipal ment, authority, or private utility. government. Officials should review laws and agreements If possible, bonding should cover the position instead of to determine what is needed. the individual presently holding the position. The amount of Mr. Mike Gaetano of the Hartman Agency Inc., the bond should be the maximum amount of cash, checks Williamsport, PA stated that one problem bond underwrit­ and securities available in the municipality or company. ers have is that some systems are so small that there are no checks and balances to control the financial situation. Types of Bonding One person collects the money, makes bank deposits, Municipal Governments and Authorities : keeps the records and reconciles the bank statements. In Public officials bond: This bond covers a municipal these systems a two or more signatures should be official or employee for failure to perform his/her duties implemented. The separation of duties could be something faithfully. Actions such as malfeasance, misfeasance, and as simple as having some other person reconcile the bank nonfeasance are included in the coverage as well as statements or review the books each month. dishonest acts. These bonds are slightly more expensive If embezzlement occurs in either the private or public than blanket bonds, but cover only one position and sector, the people in that system will be looking at the provide greater protection for the municipality. management and board to determine why proper protec­ Blanket public official bond: This bond covers all officials tion was not in place. Bonding does not relieve the and employees of the municipality or company. These management and board of its responsibility to monitor the bonds cover both faithful performance and dishonest acts. financial records of the system. Too often the management Private Enterprise and board depend on an annual audit to detect problems Position schedule fi delity bond: A dishonesty bond when in fact, they shou ld be monitoring their financial covering one position. records on a monthly basis.

Consulting Engineers/Surveyors (Since 1916) Total Project Capability In: • Civil GIB/00 • Water Supply THO mA/ • Wastewater Treatment En" nEE a an' com PAnT and •.., ... _... • (W·--··'•'" ~'"" • Municipal Engineering GIBSON-THOMAS ENGINEERING CO. , INC. LATROBE, PA 15650 ( 412) 539-8562

a 0 0 0 a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a 0 a a 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a a 0 a a a a 0 0 a 0 0 • a a a a a 0 0 a a a a a 0 11 FIELD ERECTED STEEL STORAGE TANKS

.-. FIS HER TANK COMPANY

3131 WEST FOURTH STREET CHESTER, PA 19013 215-494-7200

Olander UBrophy, RETTEW Inc. A s s oc iates , In c. "Providing New Pump Equipment & Servicing Since 1934. La n c as l e r . PA (717) 394- 372 1

ME>C' h a n ksburg . PA Representing: (7 17 ) 697 - 355 1 • Peerless • Goulds • Worthington • F.E. Myers Sterling . VA • Grundfos • Berkley (703) 7 03-74 40 • Hydr-o-matic s Vaughan • Reda • Tru Plenger • Chern Tech • MTHTool ENGINEERS • PLANNERS • SCi t: NT l STS LANDSC AP E ARCHITECTS • SURVEYORS 2300 ELdo Road Monroeville, PA 15146 Phone: 412-372-7103

:• 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a 0 a a a 0 ••••• 0 0 • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a a a a a a a a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a 0 a a a a a a ••• a a a 0 a a a a a 0 a a a a 0 0 a 0 0 a a 1 12 ~! Th. e~~~I:. ;"' D.·. .1.. ff . . u ser A Quarterly·Technical Advisory from John R. Trax, NRWA Senior Environmental Engineer . Vol. 1, No. 1 Summer 1991

Water Pollution Control Financing Needs Survey For Small Communities Comment • Background Consrruction of waste­ wa ter rreatment faci li ­ The Association of State and Interstate Water Pollution Control Administrators (ASIWPCA) surveyed states to ties. as projected in the assess wastewater treatment needs for communities serving populations of 5.000 or fewer. Thirty-eight st:ues ASlWPCA survey. responded to th e survey. coupled with USEPA estimate of $8.7 biJJion for new or modified • Findings Population Cost ($ Million) . treatment to meet Safe Of the !>m.all communi ties tracked, 49 percent are pro­ Less than 1,000 $3,007 Drinking Water Ac t re­ jected by State Ad.rni..n.istrators to require construction of quiremen tS for commu­ 1,00Q-2,500 $2,463 wastewater treatment facilities in the next 10 years. nities serving 3.300 or The survey repon also estimates to COSt of the facilities 2,501-5,000 $2,400 fewer population, places will be over $7.87 billion. The breakout is as follows (35 a large ftnancial burden TOTAL $7,870 states reporting): .. on small communi ties. •

Findings for Communities ot 1,000 or Fewer Findings for Communities of 1,000-2,500 Findings for Communities of 2,501-5,000

Number of Small Communities Number of Small Communities Number of Small Communities

Communities Needing Construction 4,n4 Communities Needing Construction 2,001 Communities Needing Construction 1,281 (Percentage of Category: 44%) (Percentage of Category: 55%) (Percentage of Category: 60%)

Reasons for Construction (Based on Population)

(Less than 1,000) (1 ,OOo-2,500) (2,501-5,000)

Provide 56CO<'daryTrealm..,.12% Prowjf Seoon:lory lre•tmonc >6'1. PttvontPol~ Provonc PollvMn 3614 Prt v&nt Polllt

:;.

ProlOCt Wate< CA>aity 0< Pl.()iic tteatn 64% Pro root Wate< CA>aity or Pl.()lic Healtl 52"1.

0 a 0 a a 0 0 a a a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 a a 0 a a 0 a a a a a a a 0 0 0 a a 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a 0 • 0 a a a a 0 0 13 If You depend on water ... You can depend on CDS.

A Division of Layne-Western Company, Inc.

Water Well Design and Construction 0 Pump Sales, Installation, Repair 0 Sonar-Jet and Aquastream 0 Hydrological Services As part of the largest and most experienced water system service 0 Water Treatment Services company in the nation, CDS provides 0 Test Drilling professional services for industry, agriculture and municipalities. CDS, 0 Downhole TV a division of Layne-Western 0 Monitoring Holes Company, Inc., has the resources and trained personnel to handle all your 0 Well Redevelopment water supply needs. 0 Chlorinator Service 24-hour emergency service, 7 days a week CDS A Division of Layne-Western Company. Inc. 279 Millers Run Rd. Bridgeville, PA 15017 412/257-8310 0 !' •• 0 a a a 0 0 a a 0 a a a a a a 0 a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a 0 a a a a a 0 a a a • 0 $ a a 14 DROPS

Vol. 3, No.9

Groundwater Background The Surface Water Treatment Rule (SWTR) requires State Primacy Agendes to determine which community grotmdwater water systems 'Vnder the are under the direct influence of surface water. The deadline for this deter­ mination is June 29,1994. The purpose of evaluating groundwater supplies Influence" is to identify those systems at risk of contamination by Giardia Iamblia. a parasitic protozoan that causes the intestinal disease Giardiasis. USEPA has published a guidance manual1 for the SWTR which out­ lines a procedure for determining if a groundwater system is "under the influence." Procedure The determination of "under the influence" centers on identifying shifts in water quality characteristics such as turbidity, temperature and pH, which closely correlates with the climate or surface water condition and/or presence of certain indicator organisms. For springs, infiltration galleries and collector wells, the procedures includes the following: • A review of historical records to determine construction of source, water quality conditions, incidences of coliform con­ tamination, and waterbome disease outbreaks;

• An on-site inspection to determine distances to surface water and to look for evidence of surface water entering a spring or collector; and • An analysis of the water to identify organisms that occur in sur­ Gotiurient face water and not in groundwater. . . ,.,. . . : Guidance '~~ '~ttc5m l_i. .n e'is··fhat.the Staf~.~ P.fi·­ ~cy,i~gency '1ill make the.finalge;:- . In general, wells that are deeper than 50 feet and more than 200 feet · · ·J~@."Q~tion : of'grotmdwater "~Ci~r from surface water, constructed properly and have no history of water . ,tp.!d"ttO.uen.ce.I''Ma ny..states· wilf:\.ts¢:' . quality shifts, coliform contamination or d isease outbreaks may not ,. "USEP.i¥s:'~idcioce for"their'defertriF · need extensive evaluation. :- nationj" otne'rs:wilJ 'develop ~efr·· The particulate analysis should be conducted on samples taken oVfii.~~ater· sy~te·m.s sho·uld · c6rttaq~: · · from the source water when it is most susceptible to surface water in­ ·tneir~pfima'o/~'genci~? to det~~·<. fluence, such as during periods of heavy rainfall or runoff. The pres­ · w}1it.'p'rocedt.tr~s " will be used:·fn . ence of Giardia cysts, live diatoms, blue-green algae, green algae or their:s{ates. · other chloroplast-containing algae is considered conclusive evidence ·coriuntmitiesusing mine shafts. of "under the influence." If rolifiers, insects, and insect parts are as ~h~tors oesource water Sh9':4i:t : present, this indicates strong evidence that the source water is "under conduct an ·extensive evaloaliorr;:. ·· the influence." i~chifung an· ~ ·~alysis of the wat~i: · to identifY or~nisms that occur ih'slit- ' Guidance Manual for Compliance With the Filtration and Disinfecnon Reqwrecnems .:.tace waters a.hci. not grotmdwater; . .' for Public Water Supplies Using Surface Water Sources. USEPA Document (October . . . . 1989)

• • 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a a 0 a a a 0 a a a 0 a a a a 0 • 0 0 a 0 0 a a a a a a a 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 a a a a 0 a IS DROPS

Vol. 3, No.8

New N ational New Regulations • Monitoring for Volatile Organic Chemicals Primary • Standards for Aldicarb, Aldicarb Sulfoxide, Aldicarb Sul- Drinking Water fone, Pentachlorophenol and Barium Regulations Background On July 8, 1987 USEPA promulgated rules for eight Volatile Or­ ganic Chemicals (VOCs) and proposed rules on May 22,1989 for monitoring requirements fo r ten VOCs and for 38 contaminants, including aldicarb, aldicarb sulfoxide, aldicarb sulfone, pent

-A1dic~t:h' : ·. 0.001 0.003..

Alqi~arb· sulfoXide· .0.001 0.004

Aldicarb su1fone 0.001 0.002

Pentachlorophenol 0 0.001

Barium .2 2 Regulatory Impact USEPA has· final.rule s in plate for USEPA estimates that approximately 1,200 systems will be im­ 60 ·contaminants and another 26 pacted by these new rules for aU contaminants. The estimated new contaminants have been cost per household for treatment varies from $10 to $600 de­ proposed to date. pending on system size. The larger end of the cost range is for smaU systems serving 25-100 persons.

~ 0 0 0 a a a a a. 0 a a a a a 0 a a a a 0 a 0 a a a a a 0 a a 0 a 0 0 0 a a 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a a a 0 a a a a a a a a a a a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a a a 16 Mobd

"Celebrating 100 Years of Excellence!"

COMPLETE GROUND WATER SERVICES Monitoring Wells Ground Water Contamination Studies Test Wells Monitoring Systems Production Wells Expert Testimony Pump Testing Well Site Selection Pump Sales and Repair Well Field Management Well Rehabilitation Pump Test Analysis

R.D. 4, Cotton Road Meadville, PA 16335 814/724-4970 800-836-5040

17 Barb Judeich and Kim Pizer

1/ze rdtze;, ~ wiuk ~ to. ~ J ~em the ~ 'We didn't~ tlte ea/llh ~ QWl- ~ we ~ d ~OM~-" J luu.bt,'t ~ a/md d ~ /ud the~ Me dQ Pute. J'u.e /wd the~ b ~ wdk (Jvd $~·lin ~ ~ ad Aim- u ~ wdk kM 1tm ~ eu~;_ $ooui buwp thu ~- We !Jo,th /eeL that if we fAI.

Com p uterized Computer Bookkeeping Will: • Reduce Bookkeeping Time Billing System • Give You Control Over System • Improve Cash Flow • Help Control Wate r Loss • Adfordable • Fast • Provide Audit Trail • Easy to Operat e • Reduce Errors • Save Auditing Time & Expense Designed by a Rural Water • Provide Monthly Reports • Save System Money System's Comptroller • Prepare You For Future

utility billing systems For Complete Information Call 1-800-227-9195 s o f t w are P.O. Box 6045 • Waco, Texas 76706

~o a a 0 $ a $ a a a a a $ a a a 0 a a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a 0 a a a a 0 0 a a a 0 0 0 a 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a 18 Pennsylvania Rural Water Association

''Pride and Professionalism'' 4th ANNUAL CONFERENCE and EXPOSITION

APRIL 5, 6, 7 1992

:c: State College, PA

TECHNICAL TRAINING SESSIONS, LATEST PRODUCTS, EQUIPMENT, SERVICES AND ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY STATE COLLEGE, PA FOURTH ANNUAL CONFERENCE and EXPOSITION

REGISTRATION FORM This form must be received no later than MARCH 15, 1992 for Pre-Registration. MAIL TO: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association, P.O. Box 90, 301 Point Street, Saltsburg, PA 15681-0090 Attn : Annual Conference. Please complete ONE FORM PER REGISTRANT. Registration must include payment, checks should be made payable to "P.R.W.A. Conference." No refunds will be made after MARCH 31 , 1992. PLEASE TYPE OR PRINT PLAINLY. NAMEFORBADGE: ______

WATERSYSTEM/COMPANY: ______

PRWA MEMBER: Y or N

MAILING ADDRESS: ------

CITY: ------STATE: _____ ZIP: ------PHONE ( FAX: ( ___

Please check one of the following: __ Manager __ Board Member _ _ Secretary/Clerk __ Operator __ Spouse __ Other:------__ Mayor/Council __ Industry

COST: __ SPOUSE REGISTRATION $45.00 __ MEMBER, FULL REGISTRATION $65.00 Includes access to all training sessions, Includes access to all training sessions, Lunch each day, Exhibit Hall, Opening Lunch each day, Exhibit Hall, Opening Ceremonies, Door Prize Drawings, .Ban­ Ceremonies, Door Prize Drawings, Ban­ quet, Exhibition Extravaganza Night, and quet, Exhibition Extravaganza Night, and Rural Water Round-Up Rural Water Round-Up (Cost at door: $50.00) (Cost at door: $75.00) __ ONE DAY REGISTRATION $35.00 __ NON-MEMBER, FULL REGISTRATION Includes access to training sessions for the $85.00 day, Lunch for the day, Exhibit Hall for the Includes access to all training sessions, day, featured events for the day, Door Lunch each day, Exhibit Hall, Opening Prize Drawings, and DOES NOT include Ceremonies, Door Prize Drawings, Ban­ BANQUET. quet, Exhibition Extravaganza Night, and (Cost at door: $35.00) Rural Water Round-Up __ Sunday __ Monday ___ Tuesday (Cost at door: $95.00) __ BANQUET ONLY $25.00 Must register prior to 4 p.m. day of banquet

I am enclosing $ to cover the cost of this registration. Is this your first annual state conference? Y or N If NO, How many have you attended?' ______FOR EXHIBIT INFORMATION/REGISTRATION PACKET: PLEASE PHONE 412-639-3246, PRWA Office CONFERENCE AGENDA

SUNDAY, APRIL 5, 1992

1:30 P.M. REGISTRATION BEGINS

2:00 P.M. - 6:00 P.M. SPORTSMAN'S SHOW Food & Beverage, White Elephant Auction Local Sports Shops Exhibits

7:30 P.M.-9:30 P. M. ANNUAL BUSINESS MEETING Board and Officer Elections All members invited to attend

MONDAY, APRIL 6, 1991

8:00A.M. REG ISTRATION BEGINS- Main Lobby

9:00 A.M.-12:00 P.M. ACT 203 IMPACT FEES OR OPERATOR PERSONAL DEVELOPMENT

12:00 P.M.-1 :00 P.M. LUNCH

1:30 P.M. OPENING CEREMONIES "PRIDE AND PROFESSIONALISM" AWARD PRESENTATION "TRIBUTE TO EXCELLENCE"

4:00 P.M.-6:00 P.M. RURAL WATER ROUND-UP with " PR IDE OF PENNSYLVANIA" JUDGING

7:00 P.M.-9:00 P.M. EXHIBITION EXTRAVAGANZA Door Prizes TUESDAY, APRIL 7, 1992

7:30A.M. REGISTRATION BEGINS

8:00 A.M. - 9:30 A.M. FEASIBILITY STUDIES OR CERTIFICATION

9:30 A.M.-10:30 A.M. EXHIBIT HALL OPEN - Door Prizes

10:30 A.M.-12:00 P.M. DROUGHT CONTINGENCY

12:00 P.M.-1:00 P.M. LUNCH

1:00 P.M.-2:00P.M. EXHIBIT HALL OPEN- Door Prizes - Finale

2:00 P..M.-3:30 P.M. SMALL SYSTEM DUCTILE CIVIL WASTE WATER OR IRON OR & PRE-TREATMENT vs ENVIRONMENTAL PLANNING PLASTIC PIPE LIABILITY

4:00P.M. REGISTRATION CLOSES

5:00 P.M.-6:00 P.M. SOCIAL HOUR

6:00P.M. BANQUET " PRIDE OF PENNSYLVANIA" AWARD ENTERTAINMENT

PENNSYLVANIA RURAL WATER I' AssocIATION ...... ,...... •...... ------···INDUSTRY MEMBERS HELP SUPPORT OUR WORK ------LET'S SUPPORT THEM!

A·1 PIPE INC. HILL ENGINEERING INC. REI!D MANUFACTURING CO. Box 55, Oakdale, PA 15071 8 Gibson Street. North East. PA 16426 P.O. Box 1321, Erie, PA 16512 AQUA-TECH HUNT ENGINEERS & ARCHITECTS INC. RETTEW ASSOCIATES, INC. 105 Judson Avenue, Butler, PA 16001 410 Penn St.. Box 487, Williamsport, PA 17703.0487 3020 Columbia Ave., Lancaster, PA t7603 AUS CONSULTA NTS HYDRO GROUP RIORDAN MATERIALS Weber Ack & Wilson, Inc. Layne Well & Pump Division, Box 768 6196 Buller Pike, Suite 150, Blue Bell, PA 19422 1000 N. Front Street, Suite 200 Meadville, PA 16335 ROMAC INDUSTRIES/HAYS BRASS Wormleysburg, PA 17043 INSITUFORM EAST, INC. 1064 4th Ave.. P.O. Box 3212 BCM ENGINEERS, INC. 3421 Pennsy Drive, Landover, MD 20765 Seattle, WA 961 14 5777 Baum Blvd., Pittsburgh, PA 15206 IRON CITY WATER & WASTE, INC. R.F. SCHNEIDER PIPE & SUPPLY CO. BADGER METER, INC. Pittsburgh International Industrial Park, Route 18 North, A.D. 2, Box 343 Suite 2t 1, 5301 Umestone Rd. Suite 307, Rt. 978, Oakdale, PA 15071 Conneaut Lake, PA 16316 Wilmington, DE 19606 KENNEDY VA LVE MFG. CO.IMcWANE INC. SENSUS TECHNOLOGIES, INC. BANKSON ENGINEERS 169 Coleman Avenue, Elmira. NY 149~5 P.O. Box 487, Bailey and Gallatin Aves. 100 Blue Run Ad.. Indianola, PA 15051 KERR MARKETING AGENCY Uniontown, PA 15401 BERMAD CONTROL VALVES 10001 Dl York Theta Dr., Cleveland, OH 44133 SOMPLE SUPPLY, INC. Box 330, Carnegie, PA 15106 L. ROBERT KIMBALL Box 428. Greensburg, PA 15601 DAVE BONKOVICH TESTING SERVICES 615 W. Highland Avenue, Ebensburg, PA 15931 RALPH L. STEMLER, INC. David B. Bonkovich KJELL WATER CONSULTANTS INC. 1116 Ridge Avenue, Pittsburgh, PA 15233 194 Troxel Rd., Shoemakersville, PA 19555 Box 834, Beloit. Wisconsin 53511 STERNSON, LTD · Ontario, Canada CDS KUPFERLE FOUNDRY CO. ECLIPSE Box 1540 Div. Layne-Western Co. Inc. 613 Hempstead St .. St. Louis, MO 63102 Branttord, Ontario, Canada N3T·5V6 279 Millers Run Rd., Bridgeville, PA 15017 U B WATER SERVICE, SOUTH INC. SUBSURFACE TECHNOLOGIES CO-BANK NATIONAL BANK FOR COOPERATIVES 330 Wolf Avenue, Box 464 165 Stewart Avenue, E. Rochester, PA 15074 200 Galleria Pkwy., Suite 1900, Atlanta, GA 30339 Chambersburg. PA 17201 TRUMBULL INDUSTRIES THE CHLOAAMONE COMPANY U B WATER SERVICE INC. Box 555 Interstate 70 at Rt. 917 1866 Chestnut Street, Emmaus, PA 16049 550 S. High Street, Box 60 Bentleyville, PA 15314 COMMONWEALTH ENGINEERING & TECHNOLOGY INC. Selinsgrove, PA 17870 TUCKER ARENSBERG, PC (C.E.T.) LaMOTTE CHEMICAL 116 Pine St., Suile 403. Harrisburg, PA 17101 3113 North Front St., Harrisburg, PA 171 10 P.O. Box 329, Rt. 213N UNI-TEC, INC. CONRADY CONSULTANTS SERVICES Chestertown, MD 21620 2041 Cato Ave. , State College, PA 16801 P.O. Box 650948, Vero Beach, FL 32965-0948 LEE SIMPSON ASSOCIATES, INC. UTILITY SERVICES ASSOCIATES, INC. CONTINENTAL INDUSTRIES Box 504, DuBois, PA 15801 R 451 Mary Street, Scranton, PA 18508 P.O. Box 994, Tulsa, OK 74101 MEISER & EARL, INC. VICTORY WHITE META L CO. GEORGE S. COYNE CHEMICAL CO. 1512 West College Ave., State College, PA 16801 1330 Seaborn St., Mineral Ridge, OH 44440 3015 State Road. Croydon, PA 19020 MID ATLANTIC STORAGE SYSTEMS INC. WALTRON, LTD. CULLIGAN INDUSTRIAL WATER SYSTEMS Washington Court House. OH 43160 1891 1·85 Service Rd., Charlotte, NC 28208 50 Belden Avenue, Sodus, NY 14551 MID STATE CHEMICALS DRESSE.R INDUSTRIES, INC. P.O. Box 430, Altoona, PA 16603 Bradford, PA 16701 MONTAUK SERVICES INC. ECOMETRICS, INC. 46 W. Sunrise Hwy., Freeport, NY 11520 130 W. Main Street, Silverdale, PA 18962 MOODY & ASSOCIATES, INC. ENOPCON, INC. A.D. 4, Cotton Road, Meadville, PA 16335 550 Cleveland Ave., Chambersburg, PA 17201 MUELLER CO. ENVIRONMENTAL EQUIPMENT & SERVICE COMPANY 744 Venango Ave., Pittsburgh, PA 15209 7 West 9th St., Marcus Hook, PA 19061 NATIONAL GUARANTY MANAGEMENT, INC. EXETER SUPPLY CO. INC. P.O. Box 5406, Norwalk, CT 06856 Box 448, A.D. 6, Sinking Spring, PA 19606 NATIONAL ROAD UTILITY SUPPLY INC. FIBERTEK, INC. Box 188, West Alexander, PA 15376 302 Crescent St .. Scottsdale, PA 15683 NEILAN ENGINEERS, INC. (EADS GROUP) FISHER TANK CO. 1065 Tayman Ave., Somerset, PA 15501 3131 West 4th Street, Chester, PA 19013·1899 OLANDER & BROPHY FLUID SYSTEMS INTERNATIONAL INC. Box 73, 2300 Eldo Road. Monroeville, PA 15146 2010 Northway Road, Williamsport, PA 17701 PARKER BROTHERS WELL DRILLING INC. GIBSON THOMAS ENGINEERING 6075 East State St.. Hermitage, PA 16146 Box 853.502 Main Street, Latrobe, PA 15650 JOSEPH G. POLLARD CO. GWIN, DOBSON, FOREMAN, INC. 200 Atlantic Ave., New Hyde Park, NY 11040 2900 Fairway Dr., Box 1589, Altoona, PA 16603 PUBLIC FINANCIAL MANAGEMENT, INC. HACH COMPANY 2101 N. Front Street, Suile 200 Box 389, Loveland, Colorado 80537 Harrisburg, PA 17110 HEATH CONSULTANTS, INC. A.D. 3, Box 325, BelleVemon, PA 15012

p a a • a a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a • a a a a 0 a a 0 a a a a a a a a a 0 0 a 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a • 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a 21 -~~=;:---~~====--- ~ ~ ~-~ Walker Township Water Ass . . - ~ ~ - 0 ~ f RD. '· Bo<2BG·D OCIO!FOn, Jnc. Vh :: - Be(814llefonte.) 383·2354 PA 16ll23 ,_...UL------11 ------_., B~otc~~~e~ PA Rural Water A . . August 9, 1991 P.O. Box SSOC1at10n 30 East Wiley Street p~.focai~ 90 Homer City, PA 15748 g~!J~ Saltsburg Plaza (412) 479·8005 Sallsburg PA September 23, 1991 • 15681·0090 August 13, 1991 Attention: Herb Pizer Herbert Pizer. Executive Director Dear Herb: Mr. Herb Pizer PA Rural Water Association PA Rural Water Association The water d' P.O. aox90 Associationa~d BH;'ectors of the Walker P.O. Box 90 Saltsburg. PA 15681·0900 arranging ' Dave Peck and I w· h Township Water Saltsburg, PA 15681 of the filler sys~~ducling the tour on •;o to tha~k you for u~ Dear Herb: Dear Mr. Pizer: PLGS~ some Insight for s at Arcadia and Ro evenmg hours Thank you lor making our 1991 Leak Detection Program Thank you for exhibiting at the 32nd Annual We really a our future planning ssuer. II provided Training Conference. We had an outstanding meet1ng 1n a success. By having Steve Krchnavy teach our P R w A pprec1ate kn · · the Poconos and your firm helped contribute to that . . . . for information andoa~~i~ta we can depend on maintenance staff the techniques of successful teak . nee when needed detection, we were able to implement a system-wide successMark .your calendar tor the 1992 Conference at the Smcerely, · program thai helped us locate a variety of leaks. We look forward to the continuing education programs Ramada Inn in West Middlesex. August 19·22. We hope . WalkerTwp. Water Ass'n. your firm will be able to attend. . . and services that PRWA makes available to Its members Thanks again for your support. If the AsSOCiation can be ~7:: [· . ,!~./~. and are proud to support such a valuable organization. of assistance to you in anyway. please do not heSitate to 1 Guy E. Shaffer /~"' Sincerely, call. Sincerely, 1- Manager C72-, L.r/L~ {.~ ~~~~~ - Borough Manager Robert C. Edwards. CMC Executive Director

.Jl;{c:'['lfj {lh'[i:itma:i to df[[ {'[om qJ£1212:i!jfuaJ2ia d?uwf \WatE~ df~~ociation !Boatd o{ :bi'[c:atoH and ~ta{{ ~:.~~

a a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a 0 a a 0 0 0 a a a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 a a 1 ·-~- -22~~~ a a ..•...... • ••••••••••••~...... =~~""""""" •• •• -- --- · a a a 0 0 a LEGISLATIVE UPDATES Summary of House and Senate Bills for Water Utilities Prepared by Jim Milea, Tucker Arensberg, PC

The following are brief summaries of House and Senate supply with an alternative source which adequately Bills introduced since June 1, 1991 which may be of services in quantity and quality the users affected by the interest to members of the PRWA. contamination. This act establishes various procedures for restoring or replacing affected water supplies and provides SB 1054 for voluntary agreements for restoration of affected water Printer's No. 1165 supplies. Senate Bill 0154 is a proposal to implement a plan for resource planning and emergency management involving HB 1810 water resources. This bi ll would create a State Water Pr.i nter's No. 2174 Resource Board and various regional water resource This bill amends the Municipal Authorities Act and boards. This bill would vest these boards with power to provides for customers of municipal authorities to access review and approve water resource projects to be water supplies for operation of residential geothermal heat constructed or financed by the state, to adopt regulations pumps. The bill would allow municipal authorities to charge and requirements promoting conservation and emergency a one time tap-in fee for the cost of the service. Municipal contingency plans affecting the water supply, to develop authorities will have the right to inspect geothermal heat amend and review periodically a state plan for the use and pumps and mandate various design and installation development of the state's water resources, as well as to requirements that minimize risk of contamination of water develop, amend and periodically review regional water use supplies. plans. The boards wou ld have the authority to award water conservation credits for entities that demonstrate reduced use of water. Of particular significance is a proposal to create a statewide plan for assessing, reviewing and evaluating the Glace Associates, Inc. status of water resources in the state. The plan would have the effect of establishing state-wide and regional priorities Bourquard Engineering Associates. Inc. for water use based on present and future supply after an CONSULTING ENGINEERS examination of the benefits and costs associated with policies, programs and projects involving the use of water. WATER SUPPLY, TREATMENT AND DISTRIBUTION SB95 Printer's No. 95 WASTEWATER COLLECTION, TREATMENT AND This short amendment to the Public Utility Code prohibits DISPOSAL SYSTEMS any public utility, including water utilities from charging their customers, as a permissible operating expense for ON-LOT TREATMENT AND DISPOSAL SYSTEMS rate-making purposes, any direct or indirect expenditure by IN DUSTRIAL WASTE TREATMENT FACILITIES the utility for political advertising. The prohibited expenses would also include expenses related to public relations, SLUDGE TREATMENT FACILITIES good will or lobbying. Excluded from this prohibition would STORM WATER FACILITIES be advertising required by law or related to energy conservation, safety or economic development. PLANNING

CONSTRUC~ON MANAGEM ENT HB 1828 Printer's No. 2191 0 & M ASSISTANCE This act, known as the Bituminous Mine Subsidence and GEOGRAPHIC INFORMATION SYSTEMS (GiS) Land Conservation Act, is intended to provide remedies for damage to water supplies caused by underground mining activities. The intent of this act would be to impose upon mine operators who, as a result of underground mining 3705 TRINDL£ ROAD 717-731-1585 operations, detrimentally affect public or private water CAMP HIU. PENNsYLVANIA 17011 FAX 7 17-731- 1348 supplies by requiring same to restore/replace the affected a a 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a 0 0 a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a • • • a a 0 • 0 a a a a 0 a a 23 First cost is likely to be your last cost ... with ~milh AQURESTORE .. tanks.

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~ 0 0 a 0 a a a a a a a 0 0 a a 0 • a 0 a a a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 • • a 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 a 0 • a 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 • • • • 0 0 a a a 0 24 FINANCING RURAL WATER & SEWER SYSTEMS Should You Hire A Financial Advisor? By Byron S. Ross, Public Financial Management

Since the days of the Roman Empire, communities have and experienced in the areas of municipal finance have struggled to provide its citizens with safe drinking water developed an ever expanding consulting business assist­ and sanitary facilities. Historically, the need for services ing communities to obtain and invest money to the has grown with the population and the advancement of maximum benefit of the Community. Unfortunately, most of technology. The demand for capital to meet community these efforts have been performed for state agencies, infrastructure requirements is ever increasing with no relief large municipal governments, schools and hospitals. in sight. All this comes at a time when all levels of Utilizing an independent financial advisor may be a start government have fallen on financially difficult times. No in resolving some of the problems encountered by rural longer can communities count on receiving grants and low systems. First, let us describe the function of an interest loans to help solve their financial needs for independent financial advisor by reviewing what they do infrastructure improvements. not do. An independent financial advisor does not: Large communities with good credit histories can utilize • Buy or sell securities the municipal bond market as a source of funding to meet • Make loans capital requirements. These communities have finance • Invest money directors, engineers, financial advisors and attorneys are • Work for state or federal agencies readily available to assist in the planning and financing of • Engineer water and sewer facilities facilities. • Give legal advice Rural populations are faced with a totally different set of All professionals associated with the aforementioned conditions that their urban cousins. Often, the municipal functions have their own agendas which could cloud the bond market sees the small rural systems of America as advice given by them. For example, it is unlikely an high risk lending. This results in higher interest rates. investment banker will recommend nor have detailed Up-front costs and discounts also serve to push the cost of knowledge of any type of financing other than a bond borrowing even higher. The banking industry is also issue. The local banker will often make a loan to a system unwilling or unable to extend credit at rates and terms at a rate much higher than that available elsewhere. This is which are affordable to most rural communities. not necessary, because the bank is taking advantage of Historically, many rural communities have relied on the situation. If the bank is not profitable, it is not able to federal agencies such as Farmers Home Administration, utilize the tax free income from tax exempt notes or bonds. HUD and EPA for a large portion of their money needs. A bank in a high tax bracket may be willing to offer very However, these sources of credit and grants have limited attractive interest rates to a municipal owned facility. personnel and financial resources. In some cases, Naturally, these two examples do not reflect dishonesty, programs have totally been eliminated from the federal but rather business as usual. It is the investment bankers' budget. job to buy and sell bond issues and it is the bankers job to Community water and sewer systems nationwide are make loans. Both succeed (to some degree), based on now under more pressure to make improvements in order maximizing the profits made by the interest rates you will to comply with the Safe Drinking Water Act and the Clean pay on your system's debt. Naturally, their are a few "bad Water Act. Billions of dollars will need to be invested to apples" out there. Perhaps there is an engineer out there insure rural residents a safe and sanitary environment. somewhere that will have a client get a bank loan or sell Clearly, urban areas with their large populations, tax bonds because his or her firm does not do business with bases and professional resources have a huge advantage FmHA or a bond counsel that can make more in legal fees over rural communities. The conventional bond market is if a public bond issue is used to fund a project, but typically structured primarily for larger bond issues secured by the systems may not get the best financing available due to the full faith and credit of a municipality. Because of the fact that these individuals are not paid to be financial inability to obtain a good bond rating, disproportionately advisors. high discounts, legal fees and other costs of issuance, the What should you expect from a financial advisor? true interest cost of bond issues for rural communities is Naturally, you should select a financial advisor with often 150 to 200 basis points (1 .5 to 2 percentage points) experience in financing the type of project and of entity you higher than the larger issues for urban areas. represent. More importantly, they must have a working Over the past 10 or 15 years a new professional lias knowledge of all the sources of financing available. The evolved from the confusion and in some cases, the abuses associated with municipal financing. Individuals schooled continued on page 30

0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t 0 t a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 C 0 I a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 t 0 t t 0 0 0 0 0 ft a 0 t 0 0 0 t 0 t t t a a a c a a 0 e a a a 25 PROVEN. ..FUIL YEXPERIENCED .. •COMMITMENIS KEPr People who plan the modernization of existing pipeline systems are not generally gamblers. They value proof over promises, field experience over theoretical predictions and commitments over -promises. When it comes to the reconstruction of existing pipeline systems in place with the absolute minimum of disruption, ther e is a proven leader--a sure thing called INSITUFORM®. After a successful start in Great Britain during the early 1970s, the Insituform Process was launched a dozen years ago in the United States on an assortment of sanitary sewer reconstruction projects performed for one of America's foremost water, sewer and drainage utilities, the Washington Suburban Sanitary Com- mission. Since then, more than 113 miles of deterio­ I / rated or damaged WSSC pipelines, many of them : 40 or more years of age ,.. ·,. .. and ranging from 6 to 36 ll ff1 ~,, 1 1 inches in diameter, have ~~ ·--... ~ ...... -~ been processed to better than new condition us­ ing the Insituform Proc­ ess. By the WSSC's own cal­ culation, the Insituform , . . . cost of reconstructing WSSC s Shgo Trunk, Nat I Cap1tal Area 599,934 linear feet of the Newport Ave, North hampton, PA agency's sewers was less than half the cost that would have been encountered in conventional excava­ tion and replacement of these pipelines. But, every bit as important is the reputation Insituform has earned in these 12 years for on-schedule performance and conscientious adherence to contract re- quirements. · For a number of years, ·the Greater Cincinnati Metropolitan Sewer District, like the WSSC, one of America's most progressive utilities, has used Insituform for non-disruptive, cost-effective moderni­ zation of sewers. The same goes for Baltimore, Philadelphia, Pittsburgh, Richmond, Washington, D.C., Fairfax and Prince William Counties, Va., Harrisburg, Pa., Hagerstown, Md., Alexandria and Williamsburg, Va., and many more communities, large and small. Remember the mail order catalogs which used to grade their various models of sales items as GOOD, BEITER, AND BEST? Well, INSITUFORM IS NON-DISRUPTIVE PIPELINE RECONSIRUCI'ION AT IT'S BEST! INSITUFORM, offers an unequalled combination of knowledge, experience (a dozen years of it) and technology that takes the risk out of in-place pipeline reconstruction. And, it's not stand­ ing pat. The Company's performance is enhanced daily by Insituform's applied research and development programs, as THE BEST GETS EVEN BE'ITER. The proven leader in the "No Dig" field is INSITUFORM® 1,325 miles ofI nsituform-processed, better-than-new pipelines in place; now increasing at the rate ofabout 200 miles a year! That's Insituform's success story. In this region, the BEST come s to you from

3421 Pennsy Drive, Landover, Maryland 20785 Call Toll-Free at 1-800-433-0686 The Kupferle Foundry NEW Company has been man­ ufacturing small yard and FLUSHING flushing hydrants for over drinking water ... sanltary sewage ... 130 years, and recently process water... wastewater HYDRANT introduced the new Main­ REGAL guard Hydrant to its line. gas chlorinators~ Mainguard Hydrants can mean • lower costs are specially-designed to • less downtime • faster service take the place of the typi­ Call or write today for free brochure and full details! cal homemade blow-off ~ fi •An d sulphonators that is put together from ~chlorinators lnc miscellaneous parts and pieces. Mainguard Hy­ drants offer many fea­ tures over the standard RALPH L. STEMLER, INC. blow-off now used by 1116 Rldge Ave. many systems, such as: Pittsburgh, PA 15233 • EASY REPAIR. You'll Phone (412) 322-6468 never need a shovel to FAX (412) 322-0904 repair the Mainguard. Two bolts remove the rest of the assembly for easy repair and replacement. Commonwealth Engineering · • BRASS WORKING & Technology, Inc. PARTS. All the moving parts are. brass and are Clear Solutions to Complex Problems enclosed, so Mainguard will last longer than other CET Engineering Services, Inc. GeoServlces, ltd. hydrants. Environmental Engineering Geologic/Hydrogeologic • FULL DRAINING CA­ Earth Information Services Consulting Services PABILITIES. The Main­ (717) 541 -0622 e- (717)54 1·0799 guard will drain to prevent freezing after flushing. FAX (717) 541-8004 FAX (717) 541 -8930 • SECURITY. A locking cover helps to prevent water 1240 North Mountain Road theft and protects Mainguard from the elements. Harrisburg. PA 17112 • 2- 112'' NST BRASS NOZZLE. Other sizes available upon request. ·TRAFFIC BREAK-AWAY. Saves down time should the Mainguard come in contact with moving vehicles. • TWO MODELS TO CHOOSE FROM . Available in Walsh Valve above ground style and a below grade unit to be used in a and meter box. Specialty Inc. With all these features packed into one easy to install, P.O. Box 8040 complete factory built unit, why would you use anything Pittsburgh, Pennsylvania 15216 else? To receive more information on Mainguard Hydrants Phone: (412) 561-3999 by Kupferle, call1-800-231-3990. FAX: (412) 344-8306

MICHAEL A. AMES (314)231-8738 Representatives and Distributors Na tional Sales Manager (800)231-3990 for: Fax (31 4)231-2820 APCO Air Valves and Check Valves Ross Control Valves and Presure Reading Valves Presco Venturis Data Industrial Flow Sensors Roto Hammer Valve Op Milliken Plug Valves Mason Industries Vibration Controls

THE Regis W. Walsh Joe Vogel Don Budd Nancy McLane 8 I 3 H E M P S T E A D S T R E E T I S T. L 0 U I S. M 0 6 3 I 0 2

0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a a a a 0 0 0 a a a a a a 0 a a a • a a a a 0 0 0 a 0 • • a a a 0 0 • 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a a a a 0 0 a a a • 0 0 0 0 0 • 0 ° 0 a 0 ° 27 PARKER BROTHERS WELL DRILLING, INC. "If you can pour it ­ we can pump it!"

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6075 E. STATE STREET PHONE (412) 346-4141 HERMITAGE, PA 16148 ERNIE SMITH, PRESIDENT

Pennsylvania Rural Water Association is looking for interesting slides or photos from your area and/or your system to use in the Keystone Tap Magazine or in our ongoing slide presentations at statewide trainings. You can help by sending your slides/photos to PRWA, P.O. Box 90, Saltsburg, PA 15681-0090. Thanks!

WANTED: Certified Water Operator Water Distribution System Operator Class C Type I Full Time Operator Wanted for a Water Distribution Part Time Position System located in Hancock Township, Washington County. For more information: Call 412-562-9900 Requirements Include: Ask for Pat DiCesare Class D Type I Operator's Certification or the willingness and ability to obtain certification , and the knowledge and Iowa Hydrant Meter Parts Available skills necessary to maintain and repair a pump station, 25 For further information contact: miles of pipeline, and all valves, hydrants, and meters in Robert D. Roth the system. A personal vehicle is a must, relocation to the Easton Suburban Water Authority area will be necessary. 2414 Butler St., Easton, PA 18042 Send Resume to: Phone: 258-7181 P-F Area Water Association Box 146-H, R.D. 1 Burgettstown, PA 15021 Further information available at: 412-947-9109

: • 0 a a a a a 0 a 0 •• 0 •• a 0 a a a a a 0 0 0 a a a a 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 • a a a a a a 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 « 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 • 0 0 0 0 0 28 ANSWERS TO FOOTBALL TRIVIA GAME 1. Army insects- GIANTS 2. Ocean pirates - SEAHAWKS 3. Once were girls- BENGALS 4. A toy baby's arms - DOLPHINS 5. Sun bathers - BROWNS 6. Basic tenets - CARDINALS 7. Petroleum workers - OILERS 8. Credit card users - CHARGERS 9. King of beasts - LIONS just one water leak 10. Tribal leaders- CHIEFS 11. lOU's - BILLS 12. Young horses - COLTS and you could be 13. Nannies' guys - RAMS 14. Streakers are these - BEARS b~t~- 15. Hostile invaders - RAIDERS tatpng a 16. American gouchos - COWBOYS 17. 747's- JETS ~ 18. Movers' helpers- PACKERS 1 19. Sunburned bodies- REDSKINS 20. Rodeo horses - BRONCOS 21. Six rulers -VIKINGS 22. Workers with iron - STEELERS 23. Trained to kill - FALCONS 24. Peter, Paul and James - SAINTS 25. Scavenging birds - EAGLES 26. Expensive corn - BUCANEERS 75,000 of them to be exact. 27. Seekers of gold- FORTY NINERS 28. PATRIOTS Over the course of a year, a 1/4" leak under 60 lbs. of pressure can result in the loss e~~lk of 3,000,000 gallons of water-thats enough to Football Trivia Winners fill75,000 bath tubs. And more than enough to cause real problems, and real financial losses. It was a TIE! Call Heath Consultants to help you find Gus Zito, Mid-Cameron Authority those leaks. We can identify leakage areas, and pinpoint their location and classify the type of Robert J. Brown, FmHA leak you're dealing with - even when the leaks Both received HATS from PRWA! are in buried systems or high-density noise GOOD JOB, GUYS! areas. Watch for upcoming contests! But that's only a part of our services. We also offer verification of maps, audit of existing leak detection systems, on-the-job training with instrument lease/purchase and instrument repair. If you need to find leaks, and want the assistance of experts who have been doing just that for over 50 years, fill out the reader service card or callus at (617) 344-1400, ext. 29. We are ready to help you . .HEA'IH ~'ITS m::: R.D.#3 B:lx: 325 • - ~ IIEATII a:ille Vel:TOI, PA 1501 fcdNSULTANTS

With over 50 years experience in leak detection, Heath Consultants has offices across the US and in Canada.

a 0 a a 0 0 a 0 a a a 0 0 0 a a a a 0 • • • • • 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 1 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 a 0 a a a 0 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a 0 • • • a 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 • • 0 a 0 0 0 0 ° 1 29 Financing continued from page 25

following is a checklist to utilize in evaluating minimal Printing-Typically, printing costs are associated with services to be provided by a financial advisor: the production of the Preliminary Official Statement. • Review existing indebtedness, financial conditions of Official Statement and bonds. Always find out who will the system and economic characteristics of the service do the printing and how much it will cost. Unfortunately, area. printing sometimes is not addressed and it becomes an • Evaluate the need and sources of interim financing. out-of-pocket cost with a substantial mark-up. • Evaluate permanent funding sources including interest Call Feature - The call date of a bond is the earliest rates, terms, time requirements and "red tape." date that it can legally be repaid. For example, a bond Show comparison of project costs and rate impact of with a date of January 15, 1991, with a 10 year call various financing options. feature cannot be repaid until January 15, 2001 . • Summarize and recommend a plan of finance. Therefore, if interest rates go down before the "call • Assist with the preparation of application and disclo­ date", the issuer may not be able to save money by sure documents. refunding with a new bond issue with lower interest • Expedite and coordinate the review process of rating rates. agencies, bond insurance companies, funding agen­ I recently made a presentation explaining the services cies and lenders. provided by our firm to a municipal authority. After the • Coordinate closing and orderly transfer. presentation, the engineer advised the Authority Chairman • Assure reasonable rates, terms and costs of issuance. that he performed the functions that I had described. It Unfortunately, financing is often viewed in only two seemed to him that retaining our firm would only result in dimensions, interest rates and repayment terms. Financing additional fees which would most likely not be of any shou ld take into consideration other factors which are often benefit. One week later, based on the engineer's estimated either overlooked or unknown by the entity doing the project cost, I recommended to the Authority and their financing. The municipal bond market has numerous areas engineer a financing plan which reduced project costs by which can have a substantial impact on the amount to be over $250,000 and approximately $650,000 over the life of prepaid of the life of the loan. the loan. You should fully understand and consider the financial Certainly, the aforementioned savings is not to be found impact of the following items, if you are contemplating your on every project. However, it clearly demonstrates when next financing . the time, effort and level of professionalism afforded other Discount - This is the amount charged by the aspects of a project is given to the financing substantial investment banker to sell your bonds. Generally, the benefits can result. Do not finance your next project by longer the term and/or the weaker the credit (or bond) default. Designate a knowledgeable individual to put in the rating the higher the discount. A $15 discount on a time and effort to make financially sound recommenda­ $5,000,000 bond issue will net the seller $4,925,000 tions or hire an independent financial advisor. before other expenses. Bond Insurance - There are several bond insurance companies that, for a one time premium, will guarantee the purchaser of your bonds the repayment of the Drought principal and interest payments according to the terms continued from page 3 and conditions set forth in the trust indenture (loan agreement). These premiums can vary substantially declared counties. The passing of summer and the and not two financings are the same. A bond counsel is return of cooler temperatures, along with periodic a specialist in municipal financing whose opinion rainfall events and the appearance of greener lawns, regarding the legality of the bonds or notes and their tax lead many to believe that the drought emergency is statutes is generally required by purchasers and over. In fact, any drought requires extended periods lenders. Again, shopping for a firm fee from several law of substantial precipitation to erase the months of firms can often reduce the costs of issuance by several subnormal precipitation that created it. Until then, the thousand dollars. Local solicitors shou ld be retained drought emergency declaration remains in effect for with a formal written agreement which clearly set out the the designated counties until it is officially lifted by the duties and fee schedule for services. I have witnessed Governor. some very large billings due to the local attorney 3. If you have any problems with adequate supplies, performing routine functions at their normal hourly rate supplemental sources, or enforcement of the drought at the request of the owner. restrictions, contact DER's Bureau of Water Resourc­ es Management at 717-541-7805.

0 : ' a 0 a 0 a a 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 0 a 0 0 a a 0 0 0 0 0 a • 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 0 0 a 0 0 0 a a a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 0. a 0 a 0 a a a a a f 30 ENVIRONMENTAL SERVICES Serving the water treatment industry with these fine products and services.

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MALATESTA HAWKE & McKEON 100 i\orth Tt·nth S t r~ et P.O. 13ox IIi !> llarrishurJ.:. I'.~ 1110.5 (ill) 2313-t:loo Coollu<· t: LooiSt' :\ Kn ight TIHlluas J. Sniscak ThoHnns 1'. BroJ,:aol

a a $ a a a a a 33 Lead 1n• Drinking Water What are the Options? by Robert Spon - Vice President Kevin Ripp - Marketing Manager The Kjell Corporation

On May 6th. 1991 the EPA signed off on corrosion control and initiate public 3,301- 40 20 the fmal version of the National Primary education programs (if the action levels are 10,000 Drinking Water Regulations for Lead and not met). Copper. In some way this will affect all 501-3,300 20 10 of us and the way we provide treaonent and testing for water systems. Many rural Monitoring Requirements 101-500 10 5 water systems will be affected next year Large water systems serving more than when they have to begin testing. 50,000 people, are required to begin <100 5 5 Fortunately, the regulation is very straight monitoring by January 1, 1992. Medium forward and the solution has a couple of systems serving 3,300 to 50,000 people Reduced Monitoring options. So this is the time to plan ahead. begin monitoring by July 1, 1992. Small All water systems meeting the lead and This regulation will: water systems serving less than 3,300 copper action levels or that maintain an -Require about 80,000 public water people must begin monitoring fU"St draw optimal corrosion control treatment for suppliers to monitor tap water. tap samples by July 1, 1993. two consecutive six month periods may reduce the number of tap water sampling -Trigger requirements to optimize sites and collection frequency to once per corrosion control, if over 10% of the "Monitoring costs are year. All water systems that meet the lead consumer tap "first draw samples" exceed and copper action level, or maintain the lead and copper "action levels" of estimated to be $40 optimal corrosion control for three 0.015mg!L or 1.3mg/L respectively. million per year consecutive years may reduce the collection frequency to once in three years. -Require lead service line replacement over nationwide." a fifteen year period, for those unable to Treatment meet the action levels. Sampling Requirements If removing the lead components from Sample site location must be at "high risk your system is to costly there are a couple -Establish a treatment technique for lead locations" (ie. homes with lead service of ways to treat ihe water if corrosion and that includes: lines, pipes, and or homes with lead solder lead leaching is a concern. Typically a city 1. optima! carrosian control treatment installed after 1982). 1Wo sa:npling may try to raise the pH, add a corrosion 2. source water treatment· periods are required per calendec year, six inhibitor, or both to solve the problem. 3. public education months pee period. First flush tap water 4. lead service line replacement samples must stand motionless for at least pH Adjustment six hours before the samples are collected. By raising the pH, the idea is to make the Impact One liter of water must be drawn from the water less corrosive and more scaling in The new regulation will reduce the cold water kitchen or bathroom tap. nature. In theory, if you make the water exposure of approximately 130 million Systems may collect the samples or utilize slightly scaling it will deposit a thin layer people to lead in drinking water, resulting the help of the resident according to the of calcium carbonate on the pipe surtace, in over 570,000 children having their directions. Monitoring costs are estimated slowing corrosion and lead leaching. blood lead level reduced to be $40 million per year nationwide. Liquid caustic soda is very popular Costs Sampling Frequency and Number because of its ease of feed and potency. For smaller systems (serving < 50,000 Long term shortages of caustic have made persons), corrosion control treatment is System I# Sampling Sites I Reduced To it expensive. Products like lime and soda estimated w cost between $2 and $20 per 10,001- 60 30 ash, for example, pr0vide economical and household per year. EPA estimates that 100,000 effective pH adjustment but can be 40,000 water systems will require cumbersome to feed. A table of the. continued on page 36 0 0 0 ~ $ 0 0 a a 0 o 0 o a a • a o a a a a a 0 0 o a a $ a a 0 a a a a a a a a 0 0 0 0 0 a a 0 a a a a 0 0 • • 0 0 a 0 0 0 0 0 a 0 0 a a a a a a a a 0 0 34 BLAIRSVILLE MUNICIPAL AUTHORITY OPEN HOUSE HELD SEPTEMBER 7, 1991

The new $1.7 million water filtration and treatment plant at Hillside is now in operation. The plant is currently processing 500,000 gallons of water and pumping it to the 1 million gallon storage tank on Walnut Hill in Blairsville Borough. Blairsville Municipal Authority serves approximately 1760 customers and covers Blairsville Borough, and parts of Derry and Burrell. The Authority also provides water to Lower Indiana County Municipal Authority. Operator for the system is Ed Smith. Sensors in the tank relay the water level information to the plant four mile~ away, signaling the facility when to operate and refill the tank. Now that the plant is operating, turbidity following heavy rainstorms and any danger of giardiasis are eliminated through the filtration process. According to Bill Graff, V.P. for the Municipal Authority, funding was achieved through Pennvest low interest loans, a Pennvest grant, CDBG from Indiana County, PA Department of Commerce - Community Facilities Act Grant, and Dept. of Health fluoride related funding. Congratulations Blairsville and Best Wishes!

0 a 0 a a a 0 a a a a a a a a a a a 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a • a a a a a a a 0 0 a 0 a • • 0 0 ° 0 ° 0 0 a 0 a • 0 0 ° 0 a a • 0 a 0 0 a • 0 35 you will probably be a jump ahead of the stabilization properties of phosphates will Lead lead regulation since a corrosion inhibiting provide the best results. film may be somewhat established in your continued from page 34 Conclusion piping. This will improve the results of different producL<> is listed below: Wharever product you do choose, limit your first draw lead tests. pH adjustment chemicals and your liabilities and insurance costs, by alkalinity increase. Phosphate products come in dry and liquid choosing chemicals which are safe to feed. Alkalinity increase fonn. These products generally work Chemicals which can be hazardous to Chemical oer added 1 ppm* over a wide range of pH and alkalinity handle include: liquid caustic soda (50%), values. Besides supplying corrosion and zinc-ortho phosphate, and gaseous Caustic soda 1.25 leaching protection some of these chlorine. Safer chemicals include: -50% solution products can also provide mineral lime,soda ash, blended phosphates and Lime 1.35 sequestration, pH stabilization, and can liquid chlorine bleach. Liability can also clean any existing build up from the lines. Soda ash 0.94 be reduced by choosing products with National Sanitation Foundation (NSF) Sodium .bicarbonate __,0...... 5""'9'----- Some phosphates are even combined with certification. This insures the product has zinc to aid in the corrosion inhibiting * lpart per million = lmg/1 undergone testing and is made according tO process. New maximwn contaminant established standards. Also, choose a Although raising the pH helps against levels for zinc in waste treatment sludge, supplier which is local, has proven corrosion it can also increase chlorine has restricted its use in water treatment. success, and a certified laboratory to usage, increase the potential for T.H.M. suppo.n your efforts. formation and cause some "rusty" warer "In many cases, the when it is implemented. Overall, the lead leaching problem is very costs of a corrosion easily addressed through proper treatment Chemical Inhibitors control program are and observation. It allows for safer water Chemical inhibitors function to coat over at the tap, while provicting for advantages and protect the inside of the distribution easily offset by the like less corrosion of pipes and valves, piping. These inClude phosphate blends, savings." better flow rates, improved chlorine zinc-phosphates, and some silicates. All residuals, and less customer complaints, to 'These products can be used alone or in can function to control corrosion and lead name a few. In many cases, the costs of tandem with a pH adjustment program leaching. a corrosion control program are easily depending on how corrosive your water is. offset by the savings. For those of you who presently use a For very corrosive water pH adjustment product to sequester iron or manganese, combined with the film fonning and pH

CAN YouR WATER SYsTEM MEET '95 EPA REQUIREMENTS? KIMBALL CAN: • Design I engineer your new EPA-approved plant • Help you obtain Penn Vest I Farmers Home Administration funding • Prepare permit applications • Supervise construction • Complete certification I inspection • Produce operator I maintenance manuals • Conduct operator training • Assure smooth start-up operations Call KIMBALL for small water system engineering and design capabilities. L. ROBERT KIMBALL & ASSOCIATES 615 West Highland Avenue P.O. Box 1000 415 Moon Clinton Road 460 Caradean Drive Ebensburg, PA 15931 Coraopolis, PA 15108 Horsham, PA 19044 814 • 472~77 00 412 • 331-6868 215. 674-0545

0 0 0 t. a a 0 a a 0 0 a a a a a 0 0 a a a 0 0 a a a a 0 a •••• •• a a a a a a a a a a a a a 0 a a a a a 0 0 0 a a 0 ° 0 0 a a a a 0 a 0 0 0 0 a 0 a a 36 PuBUC FINANCIAL MANAGEME:Nl: INC. s . Financial and Investment Advisors Systems for water analysis Governor's Plaza North 2 101 North Front Street. Suite 200 • Test Kits • Turbidimeters Harrisburg, PA 171 10 • pH Meters and Electrodes • Colorimeters 717-232-2723 (Fax) 717-233-Q073 • Chlorine Analyzers • Reagents BYRON E. ROSS, Managing Consultant

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(3) Locations To Serve You CONNEAUT LAKE, PA Phone (814) 382-8196 NEW DERRY, PA Phone(412)694-2900 ORMSBY, PA Phone (814) 465-3520 PENNSYLVANIA Give yourself a boost ... RURAL WATER ASSOCIATION

On-Site Assistance regarding problems with your water/wastewater system, Keeping water/wastewater system operators informed on water and wastewater related subjects; Support of projects to funding agencies; Information and Technical Assistance in setting up maintenance programs, budgets, billing rates, finding needed supplies, access to the PRWA Library, etc., Offering training for operators, managers, and local officials throughout the year; Presenting unbiased information to yol:'r council or board, by our staff, at your meetings. Mailing of our quarterly magazine, "The Keystone Tap," PRWA and YOU ~ Joining HANDS TOGETHER ~ to do things we cannot do alone. PRWA - your ASSOCIATION - become a member . .. TODAY!

YES, (I) (WE) want to support PRWA: Please print or type Water System Memberhip ------­ SYSTEM/COMPANY NAME ------($175.00 per year) ADDRESS ______Waste Water System Membership ______CITY ______STATE ___ ZI P ___ _ _ ($1 75.00 per year) CONTACT PERSON ______Joint Water/Waste Water System Membership ___ _ PHONE NUMBER------COUNTY ______($225.00 per year) Individual Membership _ _ _ NUMBER OF METERS IN SERVICE ----DATE _____ ($25.00 per year) Mail To: Pennsylvania Rural Water Association Associate Membership ___ P.O. Box 90, Saltsburg, PA 15681-0090 (412) 639-3246 ($200.00 per year)

Pennsylvan~s Rural Water Bulk Rate P.O. Box90 U.S. Postage Saltsburg, PA 15681 -0090 PAID Permit #5 Saltsburg, PA 15681

Address Correction Requested THIRD CLASS

ATIENTION: WATER!W.W. DEPT. When finished reading, please route to: 0 Operators/Managers 0 Clerk!Treasurer 0 Board