- I -
4. THE PERSONS WHO WERE PARTIES TO THE CONSPIRACY, AS WELL AS'MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND AND SUBSIDIARY BODIES":
A. THE ACCUSED:
ACCUSED, NO. 1 - NELSON MANDELA.
EXHIBIT R 11 - A document headed "Target, Seven things", see above, PART I, page 56*
EXHIBIT R 15 - A document commencing with the words
"Guerillas never wage positional warfare", see above,
PART I , page.56.
EXHIBIT R 16 - A document under the heading "MAROC", see above, PART I , page 56*
EXHIBIT R 17 - A diary commencing January 1962, see above, PART I, page 56.
EXHIBIT R 18 - A document headed "IR G .Z .L .", see above, PART I , page 57*
EXHIBIT R 19 - A document headed "HUKBALAHAP", see above, PART I, page 5 7 .
EXHIBIT R 20 - A document headed "HOW TO BE A GOOD
COMMUNIST", see above, PART I , pages 118 to 120 .
EXHIBIT R 21 - A document headed "DIALECTICAL
MATERIALISM", see above, PART I , pages 120 to 121.
EXHIBIT R 22 - A document headed "POLITICAL ECONOMY", see above, PART I, pages 121 to 122.
All the above-mentioned exhibits are in the *T” - 2 - handwriting of NELSON MANDELA and were fully- dealt with above at the pages cited.
In addition, the STATE relies on the following documents:
EXHIBIT R 12 - This is a three-page document of which the first two pages read as follows: u i
"Do not know how many guards are stationed
just behind cell but it is clear that there
are a number of them on bellows and in the
passage between the outer and inner walls.
The odds appear to be against the use of
force at present moment. There have also
been a lot of changes as far as the staff is
concerned. B has been transferred to Ermelo
and there is a new officer in charge of my
section. I need hardly mention the dis
astrous effects, politically, of any abortive
attempt.
Also bear in mind that I might be
immediately transferred elsewhere after
conviction.
(1) Bear in mind that a numerical expansion
unrelated to expansion of activities can & be dangerous. I would favour a slowing
up of recruitment and a concentration on
activities. O i u J ^ p x (2) Had good discussions with Natal Commit.
They have good talent and I think they
will go very far provided they are properly
handled. But I had the definite impression - 5 -
that to get things properly under way
there, we will have to have a man like
M.M. I think we should have discussions
with SACTU. We should have him back for
this task. After all Natal Is the most
difficult province in this respect.
( 3 ) I understand the boys may be here any day. I think Ray should be around here for the
time being, but I would suggest that the
other chaps should be placed at the head
of various regions.
(4 ) I think ranks are little too high. I would suggest the chopping of the two top
ones and an adjustment of the lower units.
We might start off with a squad of 3 with
a squad leader. 3 squads making a section with a Corp. as leader” .
The third page is a sketch of the Johannesburg
Fort indicating, inter alia, the room where MANDELA
was being held prisoner, his exercise yard and the
Interview room, as well as the office of the
Superintendent and the positions of the armed guards.
Other details are given and speak for themselves.
This document is in MANDELA’ s handwriting.
EXHIBIT R 13 - This is an eight page typed document
bearing notes in the handwriting of NELSON MANDELA.
It Is headed "PAi'MEOSA" (that is, Pan African Freedom
Movement for East, Central and Southern Africa).
The document reads as follows:
ftPAFME0SA.
Com. Phillip has already reported on this
I - A -
Conference and my task on this particular aspect of my report is merely to underline just a few points.
The delegation of the A.N.C. made a definite
Impression and our address was warmly received.
Speech was published in full by the Ethiopian press. As pointed out elsewhere not even
Gillmayo's opening address at the Conference received as much publicity.
Pafmecsa intimated that they would use the speech as the basis of plans for action against ^
South Africa. Our delegation was extremely pleased about the reception of our address.
The Invitation received by our delegations to address certain groups in Addis is further testimony of the impression we made. O.R. was invited together with Kenneth to address a
Society whose name I cannot now recall. I was invited to address the students of the Halle
Selassie University.
The Resolution on South Africa which was adopted by Conference was drafted by us and passed just as we submitted it.
Finally, O.R. was appointed to the Coordinating
Freedom Council, the governing body of
Pafmecsa.
A.N.C. emerged strong from the Conference.
There were, however certain disturbing features:
(1) Hostility towards Arab fraternal
delegates.
(ii) Hostility towards Diallo and the A.A.P.O.
(ill) M 11 Ghana. - 5 -
POLITICAL CLIMATE IN THE PAFMECSA AREA.
Striking feature widespread anti-colonial feeling and strong opposition to anything resembling partnership between white and blac •0 This emerged very clear in speeches at
Conference and in discussions with various delegations there and leaders elsewhere.
(1) Discussion with Mbiyo Koinange.
(2) Discussion with Diallo. Suggests joint
meeting with the P.A .C.
(3) Kenneth, Simon, Kamanga, Mainza Chona.
Non-Africans not permitted in Executive
positions.
Freedom Charter torn after information CP received re Communist influence.
PAFMECSA.
(1) 16 countries represented. 3 Independent
States and 13 non-independent. Sudan wished to avoid accusations of
regionalism. Swaziland told by Ghana that
it was not Important to attend. Ruanda-
Urundi’ s Uprons delegate not accepted.
(2) A.N.C. delegation of 6 . OR led. But both he and I allowed to attend Heads of Delegates.
(3) Emperor’ s Opening Speech. Theme African
Unity and the accleration of Independence
movement. On South Africa he felt the
necessity of new measures.
Theme of Emperor picked up by delegates. Submitted draft of speech in which Umkonto had not been specifically mentioned.
Amended.
Give a summary of the points made in the speech.
Speech published in full by the Ethiopian press.
Received invitations to address university students and O.R. and another addresses a
Society.
Pafmecsa adopted speech as basis of plans for action on South Africa.
Our delegation extremely pleased about the reception of the speech and we emerged strong.
Resolutions:
General resolution condemning colonial
ism, calling for African unity and the formation of united fronts.
Specific resolutions affecting
particular regions.
Nothing really novel on South Africa.
O.R. appointed to the Coordinating Freedom
Council.
Certain Disturbing Features.
(i) Hostility towards the Arab fraternal
delegates.
(ii) Hostility towards the AAPC and Diallo.
(ill) Hostility towards Ghana. - 7 -
POLITICAL CLIMATE IN THE PAFMECSA AREA..
Striking feature -widespread anti-white feeling
and violent opposition to anything that smacks
of the concept of partnership between black
and white.
This emerged from the speeches at the Con
ference and from the discussions we had with
various delegations.
(1) Discussion with Mbiyo Koinange.
(2) Discussion with Diallo.
(3) Kenneth Kaunda, Simon Kapwepwe.
Although whites allowed to be members
cannot serve on committees.
Kamanga and the Freedom Charter.
Mainza Chona. Has no confidence in P.A.C.
(4) Discussion with Chirimbani, Sllundika.
(5) John Kakonge of the U.P.C.
(6 ) Oginga Odinga and Mwai of Kanu. (7) Discussion in Cairo with several National
movements, including the B.C.P.
(8 ) Kamanga's statement on the dominant position of the A.N.C.
(9) Joe and I had had discussions with
Mwakangale, M.P.
These discussions were important in view of
Tanu policy of racial cooperation.
Clear that in this area there are great reservations about our policy and there is a widespread feeling that the A.N.C. is a
Communist dominated organisation. ATTITUDE OF THE ALL AFRICAN PEOPLE'S CONFERENCE, AFRO-ASIAN SOLIDARITY COMMlTTEE.
MISUNDERSTANDING OF OUR ATTITUDE IN SOCIALIST COUNTRIES.
(i) Application of COD for membership of
AAPC defeated on a motion from delegate
of Communist China.
(ii) Hilda's brilliant address not appreciated.
(iil) Piliso's experience in G.D.R.
DANGEROUS IMPLICATIONS OF THIS MISUNDERSTANDING.
This misunderstanding is due partly to difference in local conditions.
But we have to examine the position most
carefully.
DISCUSSION WITH OUR REPRESENTATIVES IN PAR.
(i) Friction between Frene and our chaps.
(ii) Vela and O.R.
(iil) Vela and Raymond Kunene - Youth Congress
at Helsinki.
Agreed that we need to make adjustments in
tactics not in policy. The ANC must regard
itself as the vanguard in S.A. of the Pan
African movement.
Discussion with Chirlmabni and Silundika.
Satisfied that A.N.C. is dominant but unable
to agree with policy.
Attitude of the Afro-Asian Solidarity Committee.
(i) Subcommittee voted some money for A.N.C.
rejected by plenary session on ground
I that A.N.C. is stoodge organisation and
had sold to Whites.
(ii) GOD’ S application for membership had been
rejected on an motion by a delegate
from Comm. China.
Attitude of Socialist Countries.
Plllso’s report on G.D.R.
Hilda's Speech.
Clear that our tactics, not policy, are out of step with the rest of Africa (Pafmecsa.)
IT IS TRUE THAT OUR OWN SITUATION HAS ITS OWN
SPECIAL FEATURES WHICH DISTINGUISH US FROM THE
REST OF AFRICA. BUT THERE ARE SERIOUS DANGERS:
WE WILL FACE VERY GRAVE PROBLEMS AND DIFFICULTIES
IF WE DO NOT CHANGE TACTICS NOT POLICY.
There are certain aspects of our work which would give the impression of being dominated.
(1) No participation on mass level.
(2 ) The demand for national Independence Is lacking.
A.N.C. Executive has considered the matter and decided that tactics must be modified to accommodate this climate of opinion in the Pafmecsa area.
M - TRAINING.
(1) Discussion with Nyerere - Suggests Ethiopia.
(2 ) Discussion with Quebre - 20. Might take more - arranging for plane to pick them. |
(3) Egypt 7. - 10
(4) Algeria - Any number. Pelt we should the
rest of the training under our own condi
tions.
(4) Morocco - also any number.
(5) We raised it with Mali, Guinea and Ghana.
Training at Oolifl*
FUNDS.
£10,000 from Nigeria. Definite promises from
£5,000 in Tunisia. I Senegal, and the Sudan.
£3,000 in Morocco- Had previously discussed
£7,000 on May 1st. the matter with Julius. 'O r — ---- - £2,000 in Liberia will be yearly amount,
£5,000 in Ethiopia.
All these monies were sent to O.R. in London.
£2 ,7 7 8 sent home. £3,000 £10,000 from Nigeria.
Money collection is a job which requires a lot
of time. You must be prepared to wait.
Position of our people prety grim. OR. Xola
Robert, Maindy, Raymong Kunene, Jimmy Radebe.
Visit to Socialist countries has become (D imperative.
PROBLEMS OF A.N.O. AND PARTY.
( Relations should be carefully defined.
(1) Joe's trip to the East.
4 | (2 ) Abel and others. [ (3) Tanganyika Scheme - most puzzling to O.R,
[ Original intention not to discuss the - l i
the scheme with O.R.
Frene knew much more about it than was told
to O.R.
(iv) Trip to Ghana.
(v) Vela's repeated instructions to OR.
Impression is being given that ANC is a
cover organisation. Leaders repeatedly-
ignored
( TOUR IN GENERAL. ( _ - ( Met the following leaders: ( | Julius Nyerere, Kawaw, Haile Selasie,
| General Abboud, Bourguiba, Modibo Keita,
> Sekou Toure, Leophold Sengnor, Tubman,
^ Ben Bella and Krim, Obote.
( In all these countries we were Government ( ( guests and treated very lavishly.
| Personal letter from Lutuli thanking them. I ©
( LONDON TRIP - GAIT SKILL ETC. 0 . R's HEALTH.
POSITION OF THE P.A.C. IN AFRICA AND LONDON.
( (1) The P.A.C. has started off with tremendous advantages ideologically.
And has skilfully exploited opposition
to whites and partnership.
6 \ (2 ) Sharpville boosted them up and the stand ( of their leaders during the trial,
imprisonment of Sobukwe, fostered the
belief that they were more militant than the A.N.C. - 12 -
(3) In the Pafmecasa area the Nobel Peace
Award to Chief Lutuli has created the
Impression that Lutuli has been bought by
the West.
Simon Kapwepwe's remark at Addis.
(4 ) The P.A.C. has had at its disposal the "Voice of Africa" which is widely read in
every part of Africa.
(5) Lutuli’ s book and some of his statements
have been extremely unfortunate, and have
created the Impression of a man who is a
stooge of whites.
The book was dictated to Hooper.
AlanPaton's statement that the Chief
had shown
(6 ) The Congress Alliance itself unfortunately does not allay this Impression. On the
contrary it perpetuates it.
Cooperation only on committee and
not on mass level.
(8 ) All these things have made it appear that the P.A.C. is the only hope for the
African people.
(9) It must be remembered that the mere
allegation that you are a stooge is of
itself so damaging that it must automatically
discredit the A.N.C. The nature of the
accusation we make against the P.A.C. makes
them some sort of heroes. It does not
discredit any African politician in Africa
to be called a racialist or anti-white. - 13 -
(1 0 ) They have been doing a lot of travelling in Africa and putting their case and spreading anti-Congress propaganda. Our
own chaps have been somewhat timid about
attacking them.
(11) There have also been adverse factors which
have affected them.
(1) For over 2 years they have not
conducted any campaign and the A.N.C.
has been in the news.
(2 ) Strange as it might appear their opposition to the strike has damaged
them a bit.
(3) Splits and personal squabbles.
(4) They were severely exposed at Addis.
(5) The tour itself has done a great
deal to cripple them.
But we have to do a lot of work Indeed
before we can say that we have nailed them.
There is plenty of literature in their
favour. There are many who say they may
be naive but their are the only organisation
in South Africa that is in step with the
rest of Africa.
POSITION OF GHANA.
(1) The trouble in Ghana is the Bureau of
African Affairs.
has turned out to be something quite
contrary to what it was meant to be. - 14 -
Barden is systematically destroying
Ghana.
(2) Treatment of A.N.C. delegation both during
I960 and now in 1962.
(3) Cult of the individual
(4 ) Hostility from the rest of the embassies. Algerian ambassador.
Cuban Amabassador
Resident Minister for Guinea
(5) The position of the Union of African States.
(6 ) Toure's Position as against that of Nkrumah.
(7) The absence of able men around Nkrumah.
( 7 ( _ VISIT TO~ THE EMBASSIES . — IN CAIRO. '
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS AND BECHUANALAND
( o ( TANGANYIKA SCHEME MUST BE SHELVED AT THE 0 ( PRESENT MOMENT. ( UMKONTO WE SIZWE OR’ s Struggle favourably
9 ( APPRECIATION OP THE WORK OP OUR ( DELEGATION
INVITATIONS FOR US TO OPEN OFFICES.
ANNOUNCEMENT IN LONDON ABOUT DAVID’ S RETURN
LETTER OF THANKS BY LUTULI.
( NO CAUSE FOR PERSIMISM 10 ( ■1D ( MY MORALE IS HIGH " .
EXHIBIT R 14 - This is a three page document, also in the handwriting of MANDELA. It is headed "MALOONE ??" Afa/oke - 15 - and reads as follows:
" Maloone ??
1. POLICY OF U.A.R.
Coordinating bodies must draw the
attention of the U.A.R. to its subversive
policies.
2 . Rhodesian chaps are exaggerating their methods of work.
3. Our attitude to the N.C.C. must ) ) change - there must be limited ) must
cooperation. ) comment
I agree that the A.N.C. should stand on
x its own outside and its statement should
be on African issues
There must be some modification of the
way of cooperation inside
Xamela
Report very important
Role played by our people in Pafmeca
shows that we can shape the Continent.
Tactics can be adjusted
We must bear in mind the sensitivity with
other minority groups. At the same time
we must consider our tactics.
Tanganyika scheme was hasty M.T. must ££)
be abandoned
Must establish an office in Bechuanaland.
Madiba
What we lack is initiative. We should
change our attitude and exert ourselves. - 16 -
Our friends must understand that it is
the AUG that is to pilot the struggle.
Something bigger should be arranged in Tanganyika.
GOWANINI
We must communicate with other orgs to
communicate with us directly.
Our people outside must be told the truth
about the association of our members with
other organisation*
Our way of presenting the situation depends
on the level of political understanding.
We must take the situation In Africa
realistically. If the cause of the
struggle in SA can only be put forward
through the ANC then we must do so, I
do not think it is any steps backward.
We must explain to our collegue the step
that we feel are appropriate. The policy
is decide there is no question of
deviation.
(???) Positively agreed to establish a proper, in London ) regular and well printed bulletin in Dar
) es Salam in the name of the ANC
Bokwe
We have spoken of Africa but it is a
divided Africa.
General feeling of dignity of Colonial
people in general. Greatly appreciated
even in Socialist Countries. In Socialist
Countries the question is : what is the - 17 -
percentage of the African people in
leadership
There is a very strong anti-Arab feeling
in certain African Countries
As soon as an organisation is left in
charater then there are these accusations
French speaking territories where leaders
are married to French women.
We are the prisoners of our own sins. We
allowed ourselves to drift. I think
cooperation has been carried to far.
Relationship between the ANC and the
working class movement. We must stop
thinking that the other organisations do
not exist.
I think we should axpand our offices as
the other orgs. Zapu and Unip. But I
Think we should already begin to make the
necessary preporations in Bechuanaland."
EXHIBIT R 47 - This is a letter written at Bamako and dated the 10th April 1962. It is addressed to "The Hon. Mr. MADEIRA KEITA, Minister of the
Interior," by MANDELA, thanking him for the support given and pledged by his Government and people to the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS of SOUTH AFRICA.
EXHIBIT R 48 - This is a letter written from Room 5>
Grand Hotel, Bamako, dated April 1962, and addressed to "The Hon. Mr. MODIBO KEITA, President of the Republic of M all", by NELSON MANDELA. The letter concludes: " * * *. but we are fully confident that with
the support of the democratic world generally,
more particularly of the freedom loving people
of the Republic of Mali, ultimate victory will
be ours.'T
EXHIBIT R 50 - This is an Ethiopian passport in the name of "DAVID MOTSOMAYl" which was found in the fourth room at Rivonia. The details of the visas correspond with the places visited by MANDELA according to his diary, exhibit R 17 and the supple ment thereto, exhibit R16. A photograph of MANDELA appears in the passport
EXHIBIT R 56 - This is a five page typed document under cover of a sixth page which reads as follows:
"This is a transcript to be transmitted over
Radio Liberation to-night at 7.30 p.m. on the
60 metre band at 4 point 5 megacycles. The
station will use the opening bars of 'Nkosl
Sikelele I'Afrlka' as its call signal."
The opening of the transcript reads as follows:
11 This is Radio Liberation, the voice of the oppressed. Radio Liberation calling from
somewhere in South Africa. Calling the people
of South Africa. Calling to the world. Today
is June 26, Freedom Day. This is our first
broadcast Radio Liberation will tell you the
truth about the people's struggle for South
African freedom. The truth about the
apartheid Republic. RADIO LIBERATION brings you a STATEMENT by Mr. NELSON MANDELA,
Secretary of the National Action Council. Mr.
Mandela's Freedom Day statement says:”
Further extracts read as follows:
"We shall ask our millions of friends outside
South Africa to intensify the boycott and
Isolation of the Government of this country,
diplomatically, economically and in every other
way” .
"A word about my personal position. I understand
a warrant has been issued for my arrest and
that the police are looking for me. After full
and serious consideration, the National Action
Council has decided that I should not surrender
myself to arrest, but should continue with the
work and struggle we have set our hand to, in
order to bring about the downfall of this
Government*
I shall continue as the spokesman of the National
Action Council. In the tough struggle which
lies ahead, I shall be with you all the way,
until victory Is won. Perhaps thus I will be
pioneering a new type of life for those who
fight in this country for liberation, and on
whose head the government places a price.
Liberation asks sacrifices of us all. All of
us risk imprisonment, loss of livelihood and
separation from our families. But the prize of
liberation is worth such sacrifice. Let us all
who value freedom face that prospect without
fear. We are starting out to conquer our own - 20 -
freedom; we shall not be turned aside:
That was the statement by Mr. Mandela, Secretary
of the National Action Council, brought to you
by Radio Liberation."
EXHIBIT R 57 - This exhibit consists of two copies of a press release made by NELSON MANDELA in his capacity as Honorary Secretary of the *All-in-African
National Action Council". It is dated the 20th May
1961 and concludes with these words:
,(But Increasing numbers of Africans may find
it difficult and futile to continue talking
peace and non-violence if this policy leads
to harsher measures on the part of the Govern
ment to suppress the legitimate aspirations
of our people. A convening of a National
Convention of all the people of this country
to work out a peaceful solution) has become a
matter of the utmost urgency and we urge all
sections of the population and all organisations,
political and otherwise, to make a demand for a
National Convention their most principal and
urgent task".
EXHIBIT R 101 - This is a certificate of "Crossing the Equator" in the name of DAVID M0TS0MAYI which was also found in the fourth room at Rivonia.
EXHIBIT D - On page 1 of this exhibit appears a photograph of MANDELA.
WITNESSES:
1. EDITH KGOPANE - She worked for GOLDREICH from - 21 -
I960 when they stayed at Parktown. MANDELA and his wife spent Sundays at GOLDREICH's house at
Parktown. When the GOLDREICHS moved to Rivonia in December 1961, she found MANDELA living in the thatched roof room. He was known by the name of
"DAVID".
2. SOLOMON SEPENG - MANDELA lived in the thatched roof room. He saw him on occasions typing and writing; He also knew him as "DAVID".
3. THOMAS MASHIFANE - MANDELA stayed in the thatched roof room. Saw him reading books. He left about the end of 1961 for about five months and then came back* Also knew him by the name of "DAVID".
Saw MANDELA together with GOLDREIOH practising target shooting. (See exhibit R 16 under date
2°th of March 1962). ^
4* V.P. JELLIMAN - Saw MANDELA at Rivonia and knew him as "DAVID".
5. JOSEPH MASHIFANE - MANDELA stayed in the thatched roof room. Knew him as "DAVID".
6* PHILIP MOKOLO - MANDELA stayed in the thatched roof room.
The five Bantu witnesses mentioned above were all in the employ of GOLDREIOH at Rivonia. The sixth witness, JELLIMAN, was caretaker of the
Rivonia house from October 1961 to January 1962, having been engaged by MIOHAEL HARMEL, who gave his name as JACOBSON. - 22
?• I.E . MAKDA - MANDELA visited HAROLD WOLPE at the office of KANTOR AND PARTNERS.
8 . BRUNO MTOLO - At a meeting of the DURBAN REGIONAL COMMAND, during July/August 1962, MANDELA cru, reported .to his visit to several African States and
that he had collected £30,000. He also spoke of
the UMKONTO WE SIZWE, that it was the military wing
of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS and that the M.K. would not confine itself to sabotage, which was the
first stage of its operations, but would also go over
to guerilla warfare which was the second stage.
MANDELA explained that he was visiting them on the
authority of the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND to whom he
would report back, j MANDELA warned against the'
African States getting to know that they are
Communists as those States were prepared to help
them but not the Communists. j He further advised them
to learn the history of their own people as this would
be useful when they go over to guerilla warfare. A
9. JOHN TSHINGANA - A taxi driver of Port Elizabeth.
Some time about the middle of 1961 he called for
MANDELA at a certain house in Port Elizabeth and
conveyed him to the house of DR. PATHER, together
with the accused MBEKI and MHLABA as well as MINI.
10. ZIZI NTJIKILANE - About April 1961 attended a
meeting at Dr. PATHER*s house. MANDELA was present
and spoke saying that he had come from Johannesburg
and that the MANDELA PLAN was a creation of the
NATIONAL EXECUTIVE and they should give it a
trial period. - 23 -
11. W.A. VORSTER - A Detective-Sergeant who, on the 5th April 1962, stopped a car at Howick. The driver was CECIL WILLIAMS, a co-conspirator; his passenger was MANDELA who was dressed in a blue overcoat, cap and dark glasses, and looked like a chauffeur. MANDELA gave his name as "DAVID
MOTSOMAYl". (See exhibits R50 and R101).
1 2 . C.J. DIRKER - Detective-Warrant-Officer in the Police. Knew MANDELA since 1952 as President of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS TRANSVAAL and heard him speak at meetings of that organisation.
ACCUSED NO. 2 - WALTER SISULU.
EXHIBITS R60, R153, R197, R222, AP and YY - Exhibit
R60 is a three page typed document headed ,fFull text of Inaugural Broadcast made by Radio Liberation, the radio of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS, on
Wednesday, the 26th June 1963"•
Excerpts therefrom read as follows:
"This is Radio Liberation"
"This is the Radio of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS"
"This is the Radio of the AFRICAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS calling you from underground"
"Our radio talks to you for the first time
to-day, June 26, but not for the last time.
There will be more broadcasts".
Further extracts from this exhibit read as follows: - 24 -
"The Government imposed a twenty-four-hour house arrest order on WALTER SISULTJ. We could not accept this. We are not afraid of gaol or even death in the struggle. Even in gaol the struggle goes on, but those in gaol are there as captives of the Government."
"Our Congress decided that Walter Sisulu should leave his home: His house was being used by
Vorster to Imprison him. Today he continues to lead our organisation and the people. He leads from underground. Here from underground, is
Walter Sisulu, to speak to you."
"Many of our leaders of the African National
Congress have gone underground. This is to keep the organisation in action* to preserve the leadership; to keep the freedom fight going".
"The struggle must never waverl We of the African National methods of struggle.Jhe African people know that their unity is vital. Only by united action can we overthrow this Government. We call on all our people to unite and struggle".
"Throughout the ages men have sacrificed - they j have given their lives for their ideals. And we are also determined to surrender our lives for our freedom. In the face of violence, men ' struggling for freedom have had to meet violence with violence. How can it be otherwise in
South Africa? Changes must come, changes for
the better, but not without sacrifice. Your
sacrifice. My sacrifice." - 25 -
Exhibit R 197 is a one page document entitled
"Programme Comment" in the handwriting of MBBKI.
It is, in part, a draft of the transcript, exhibit
R 60.
Exhibit R 222 is a two page typed document being a draft of the broadcast transcript by WALTER
SISULU.
Exhibit AP is the broadcast transcript by
WALTER SISULU, identical to exhibit R 6 0 * It was received through the post by Mr. FRANK SMITH,
Assistant Editor of the South African Press
Association.
Exhibit YY is a pamphlet entitled "The Voice of the People" which was distributed in the Eastern
Province* The gist of the opening lines is identical to a portion of the broadcast by WALTER SISULU.
EXHIBIT R 170 - This is a one page document in the handwriting of SISULU, of which the opening lines read as follows:
"The illusion of Europeans that Non-
Europeans will stand with their white
oppressors in the event of a crisis caused
by the clash between Africa and white
supremacy is baseless and without found ation." / O __ X ^ ^
EXHIBIT R 185 - This is a one page document In the handwriting of SISULU giving the break up of the population groups of South Africa. - 26 -
EXHIBIT R 232 - This Is a document found in the possession of SISULU and entitled "Africa is pledged to Wipe Out Apartheid".
EXHIBIT T 15 - This is a letter from London dated the 19th April, 1963, written by Canon L. John
Collins and addressed to "Dear Walter". It reads :
" CHRISTIAN ACTION
Dear Walter,
It was a very great joy to receive your
letter, "a shot out of the blue" as you quite
rightly call it. I often think of you, par
ticularly now while you have to languish in
prison* I hope your appeal will succeed and
we shall certainly be ready to foot any
necessary bill this end.
I am Indeed only too well aware of the
terrible situation which grows worse and worse
in your country. I have Solly Sachs working
with me now on the Defence and Aid Fund and he
keeps me well informed of everything that is
happening, as far as we can discover this end.
On my behalf he is now managing the appeal
for the Defence and Aid Fund and I am glad to
say there is, once again, a growing response.
We shall certainly do everything we can to go
on helping until the liberation movement
succeeds in its purpose.
Christian Action will, through its Defence
and Aid Fund, do everything possible to raise
financial assistance to cover the types of
circumstances about which you write, particularly - 27
the cases which arise as a result of the
so-called Sabotage Act.
With every best wish,
Yours
L J 0
(L. John Collins)
Walter Sisulu Esq., 11
(A copy of this letter was also sent, under cover of a letter dated the 25 th April 1963, addressed to "Dear Booth", by "M .T .B ." See exhibit
T 14).
EXHIBIT1 T 75 - This exhibit is a document in the handwriting of WAITER SISULU. Extracts therefrom read as follows:
"Africa as a whole and millions of our people
have now accepted the challenge (having been
left no alternative but to prepare to meet such
a situation with force). Since the Addis Ababa
Conference the war atmostphere has been
stepped up to consolidate the white laaga."
"At the same time efforts are made to woo the
be on the side of w h i t e ...... The Europeans
are forgetting that any civil war that breaks
out is the full responsibility of them alone,
(who are allowing Verwoerd's Government to
plunge this country into civil war must accept),
it is foolish to blame the African leaders for
this situation. Any self-respecting people - 28 -
would be left with no alternative but to
prepare themselves - meet even armed aggression".
EXHIBIT T 7 6 - This exhibit is a document in the handwriting of SISULU dealing with the Lobatsi
Oonference.
EXHIBIT I) - On page 2 of this album appears a photo of SISULU as he was dressed when arrested on
the 11th July 1963*
WITNESSES:
1 . EDITH KGOPA.NE ) ------) 2 . SOLOMON SEPENG j
3. PHILIP MOKOLO ) SISULU stayed in the
4. RASMUS MAKULU j thatched roof room. ) 5 . TWADI--- - MAKENA })
6. FRANK MOHOHLOANE j
7. THOMAS MASHIFANE - SISULU stayed in the thatched
roof room, and was known by the name of ALLAH. On
one occasion he left for some time but came back
again.
8 * JOSEPH MASHIFANE - SISULU stayed in the
thatched roof room. Also saw him in the room which
housed the roneo machine.
9» BRUNO MTOLO - Met SISULU for the first time on
the occasion of his first visit to, and arrival
at Rivonia, at the beginning of June 1963. SISULU
was introduced to him as ALLAH, and in the course - 29 -
of conversation SISULU enquired of him about a certain SOLOMON MBANJWA and also gave him a message for MBANJWA. It was SISULU who instructed him that by the end of July, 1963, the A.N.C. must organise
200 (two hundred) volunteers and by the end of October 1963, 2000 (Two thousand) volunteers from the rural area. SISULU further advised him that
Natal was to be divided into 7 organisational divisions.
1 0 . ABEL MTEMBU -* After his return from Basutoland in January, 1963, MODISE took him to Rivonia where
SLOVO confirmed what MODISE had previously told him, namely, that the "M.K. '1 had been formed to commit sabotage. He there met SISULU who, to his knowledge, was the General Secretary of the A.N.C. before its banning. SISULU was present all the time during his conversation with SLOVO. SISULU was known as ALLAH.
Early in June 1963, after MBEKE had instructed him to bring BRUNO MTOLO to Rivonia, MTEMBU did so and there again found SISULU and other accused.
11• ESSOP SULIMAN - During 1962 he saw accused
ANDREW MALANGENI in the office of SISULU at Macosa
House in Johannesburg. To his knowledge SISULU was a leader of the A.N.C. SISULU mentioned that a conference of delegates of the A.N.C. was to be held at Lobatsi and that he required three Kombis to convey the delegates there. He duly provided this transport for which SISULU paid him R150-00. In June 1962
SISULU again approached him for three motor vehicles to convey soldiers to the border. SISULU told him - 30 - to go to the Morabl Garage. In accordance with these instructions he provided two Kombis for the soldiers and one panel-van for their luggage. NOKWE, a co-conspirator, also engaged his motor vehicles for the conveyance of more recruits in November.
This was arranged in SISULU*s office and SISULU paid for this November transport.
1 2 . PIET GOETZBE - In the winter of 1962 he took about 13 members of the A.N.C. to the Lobatsi
Conference. He knew SISULU, whose office was at
Macosa House in Johannesburg, and saw SISULU at the
Lobatsi Conference.
13. ENGLISH T0L0 MASHILOANE - Lived at S.K. Building in Orlando. He knew SISULU who, together with ELIAS
M0TS0ALEDI, came to his place where he was advised that the A.N.C. had been banned by the Government.
They asked him whether they could hold meetings at his place. He agreed and they held meetings on four consecutive Fridays. At the beginning more than 60 (sixty) Bantu’ s attended the meeting.
14. ISAAC RAM - A Bantu from Cape Town who had been recruited for training across the border. When he left Cape Town about the 13th of June 1962, one
NGUDLE gave him certain instructions, as well as the names of HODGSON and SISULU whom he was to
contact at Johannesburg.
15. I .E . MAKDA - SISULU visited WOLPE at the
offices of JAMES KANTOR AND PARTNERS. 16. F.W. WEIDEMAN - A warder stationed at the
Port, Johannesburg. On the 31st of January, 1962,
SISULU,accompanied by NOKWE, arrived at the Port in order to see BRIAN SOMANE and BENJAMIN RAMOTSI, both
A.N.C. members whilst the latter had been injured in the course of an act of sabotage committed on the 16th December, 1961. (See item 19 in Annexure B ).
17* FLORENCE NTOMBELA - After the banning of the
A.N.C. in i960, she saw SISULU at BHENGU's house in Ladysmith, Natal, where, inter alia, he said that money should be raised by holding parties and that the young people must obey the instructions to destroy places like railway stations and Police
Stations.
18. J,. H«J ♦ KENNEDY - A Warrant Officer who saw
SISULU when arrested on the 11th of July 1963> at
Rivonia. His hair was dyed.
19. J .A. VAN KEERDEN - Lieutenant in the South
African Police. On the day of SISULU's arrest he saw him walking away from the rear of the thatched roof room at Rivonia.
20. C.P. KLEINGELD - A Sergeant in the Police.
On the day of the raid he saw SISULU at the rear of the thatched roof room at Rivonia.
21• O.J. DIRKER - Warrant Officer in the Police.
He knew SISULU since 1952 as a member of the
A.N.C. at whose meetings SISULU frequently spoke.
Nevertheless, when SISULU was arrested at Rivonia - 32 - on the 11th of July, 1963, he identified him with difficulty. He searched SISULU and found on him
Exhibit R232, a document entitled ’’Africa pledged to wipe out Apartheid". He played back the tape recording, Exhibit R153, and recognised the voice
Of SISULU.
22. W.P. VAN WYK - Lieutenant in the Police and investigating officer. Saw SISULU at Rivonia on the date of his arrest and recognised him with difficulty*
AC OUSEL NO. 3 ~ DEMIS GOLDBERG.
K K EXHIBITS 149 (A .G .) and 152 - Exhibit 149 is an original cash sale Invoice dated the 11th July, 1963, issued by the Ace Auto Electricians (Pty.) Limited, in favour of D. WILLIAMS, 11 Park Lane, Parktown,
Johannesburg, in respect of the fitting of a new engine to a Volkswagen Kombl, T .J. 142-838.
Exhibit A.G. is a carbon copy of the original
R149*
Exhibit 152 is a note-book in the hand-writing of GOLDBERG. It contains a number of addresses of electrical and engineering firms, as well as firms dealing in furniture and motor vehicles. It contains the addresses of firms dealing with the manufacture and supply of blowers, castings, cupola and furnaces.
EXHIBITS 13, T4 and FF - Exhibit T3 is a letter dated the 20th of June, 1963, addressed by - 33 -
F.W. MacKenzie Ltd. Timber merchants of Johannes burg, to Mr. D. WILLIAMS, 85 Houghton Drive, Lower
Houghton, Johannesburg. It reads:
"With regard to your enquiry for shooks,
the writer would be pleased if you would
contact him by telephone, as a few more
particulars are required". Cktkc
Exhibit T4 is a letter dated the 2?th of June
1963, between the same parties, except that the address of D. WILLIAMS is now given as P.O. Box 46,
Saxonwold, Johannesburg, reading:
"Kindly contact the writer by telephone on
receipt of this letter. A sample box has
been made and the writer would like you to
see it".
Exhibit FF is a letter dated the 22nd of July,
1963, between the same parties, and the address of D. WILLIAMS is again given as P.O. Box 4 6 , Saxonwold, Johannesburg. The letter, under the heading of "BOXWOOD SHOOKS", reads as follows:
"With reference to your enquiry for the above
we have pleasure in quoting you as follows:
1 " 96,000 pieces 16" X 9" x 3§ 11 48,000 16" X 9” x r ft •y 1 .11 96,000 8*" X 5*" X 2 ft 96,000 16" X 5 V X 4, ft 96,000 2" X 1" X 2 , 34 -
The price for the abov»-named quantity
of shooks Is R6,042-91 nett at factory In
Germiston, which holds good for 14 days from
to-day.
As this order is quite a large one and
Involves the preparation and conversion of
a large volume of timber, we must have a
firm order, and we suggest that the order be
divided into 3 equal monthly deliveries.
The terms will be "cash with order" for
each month's supply, otherwise, we would be
prepared to accept bank guarantees.
It is understood that the box is to be
closed all round and that the shooks need not
be planed, but we would like to record that
the mill may wish to plane one side.
As stated above, delivery is to be
spread over 3 months, but we would request you
please to advise acceptance or otherwise at
least 60 days before delivery of the first
month's supply, as suitable stocks of timber have
to be providec.
We trust that our offer will be of
interest to you and we look forward to
hearing from you".
EXHIBITS T12 and T13: Exhibit T12 is a letter dated the 14th of June, 1963, addressed by Fred. C.
Smollan (Box and Board Sales)(Pty.) Ltd. - 35
Manufacturers Representatives and Distributors, to
MR. D. WILLIAMS, c/o 85 Houghton Drive, Johannesburg. The letter reads:
"Further to your enquiry for box shooks for
the sizes and quantities given, our principals
have come back with the request of how you
will want delivery effected.
Would this be one delivery of the complete
quantity, would it be a monthly delivery, or
over what period would the delivery be
required?
As soon as we receive the above information
our principals will be happy to quote for same".
This letter, which was found at Travallyn, bears a subscription in hand-writing, reading as follows:
"Commence 6-8 weeks. Complete in 2 months
/(4 deliveries depending on tonnage). x ( 0
14 days apart)".
EXHIBIT T 13 is a letter dated the 20th of June,
1963, between the same parties and reads as follows:
" YOUR BOX SHOOK REQUIREMENTS
We regret to advise that we have to-day
received a reply from our principals stating
that they are fully booked and regret that
they cannot quote for your enquiry". - 36 -
EXHIBITS T5, T6t T7, T8t T9. TIP and GG - Exhibit
T5 is a sketch of a receiver for sand used for
core making in the manufacture of castings.
T6 is a sketch of a furnace showing the
components with full specifications.
T7 and M 26 - T7 is a detailed drawing of a cupola. M26 Is a double page of the "STAR” dated
the 31st of May, 1963, bearing a sketch, found under the mattress of a bed at Mountain View. On
the inside of the double page is a sketch, (which
according to Lieutenant Swanepoel, GOLDBERG admitted was one of a furnace drawn by him).
18 is a 6 page document of sketches and
specifications. The first page deals with the
quantities of bricks, sand and cement required for ^
the erection of a cupola; the second page deals
with the drawing of a mould, the third page is a
drawing with specification of a forge type of
blower for air - a sort of fan, the fourth page
is another drawing, with specification, of a
mould, the fifth page carries sketches of an outer
mould pattern and the core pattern, whilst the last
page has a further sketch similar to the one
shown on page 5»
T9 (R43) is a typed document headed "CUPOLA
DESIGN REQUIREMENTS". This has been dealt with
above (See PART I page 60 )
T10 (R42) is another typed document headed - 37 -
"The Method of Operation of the Cupola". This too has been dealt with above (See PART I, page
60).
EXHIBIT GG - This exhibit is a sketch of a casting, drawn by the witness MILBURN on the specifications as given by GOLDBERG using the name of D. WILLIAMS.
EXHIBIT T 36 - This is a two page document entitled
"Work Shed" showing sketches with detailed specifications for the construction thereof, as well as for the construction and provision of work benches.
EXHIBIT T37 - This is a document giving estimates of monies required under the following headings:
Deposit on property (at Travallyn)
Furniture and kitchen-ware Truck
Lighting Plant Tools
Forge
Shed
Poultry set-up.
It also makes provision for the payment of salaries including the payment of personal living costs and payment of "Equipment for Zonal Units", as well as "Living Costs for Zonal Personnel". T 7 •Ar? EXHIBIT T 67 and OTN - T 67 Is an envelope con taining a number of documents found at Travallyn. - 38 -
Of these documents one is an original receipt dated
30th June, 1963, acknowledging the receipt, from
Mr. D. WILLIAMS, of the sum of R13-50 for the hire of a room at 11 Park Lane, Park Tower, from
Mrs. Kitzler.
Exhibit NOT is the duplicate of the original, retained by, and eventually handed in by, Mrs.
Kitzler. The second document is an Interim Protection
Note of the Fire Department of the SEA INSURANCE
COMPANY LIMITED, dated 3rd July, 1963, and covering the insured in respect of the private dwelling- house at Travallyn. The third document, hand written, gives details in respect of furniture and effects and a variety of other articles with amounts alongside each. On the reverse side there is a summary of various amounts against the letters "P.J." and "PH.
EXHIBIT M 28 - This exhibit consists of five receipts given by the Kreels In favour of
Mr. BRONKHORST, being in respect of rent for the hire of the cottage at Mountain View, for the months April to August 1963. Li- L-, 9 *$ ■ EXHIBIT D - This is an album showing on page 3 two photos of GOLDBERG. The top one as he normally appeared, the bottom one wearing a beard and moustache as identified by some of the State witnesses.
EXHIBIT ZZ - Is a Deed of Sale entered into between - 39 - the owner of Travallyn and the purchaser, given as C. BARNARD, c/o Box 226, Randburg. It is signed first by the purchaser on the 14th of June, 1963, and then by the seller on the 24th of June, 1963.
It provides for the purchase price of R8500-00, of which R500-00 is to be paid on the signing of this document, and the balance at a rate of R56-00 per month, payable on the 15th of each and every succeeding month, commencing the 15th of July, 1963.
EXHIBIT AAA, - This is a receipt, found at
Travallyn, and dated the 19th of June, 1963, reflecting the receipt from CHARLES BARNARD of the sum of R500-00 by way of deposit of the Travallyn property.
EXHIBIT A.Q - This is an application for a private
Post Office Box, addressed to the Post Master of
Saxonwold and signed by D. WILLIAMS of 26 Ashford
Road, Park View, and it is dated 20th of June, 1963.
EXHIBIT BN - This is a piece of white paper bearing the address "Suffolk Street, Olaremont", together with a sketch and certain directions,
(this piece of paper was retrieved from the top pocket of L00KSMART NGUDLE by Detective van Wyk of Cape
Town, who testified that he saw GOLDBERG hand a piece of white paper to LOOKSMART, who then put it in his top pocket). ^ ( J i *1 J l' CjHigg.=^ (pt'U
WITNESSES:
1. B.A. KANTEY - GOLDBERG was employed as an - 40 -
engineer in the firm of KANTEY & TEMPLER,
Consulting Civil Engineers at Cape Town, since
Ma5~ ch 1961. Early in May, on^the JUU&-~of
May, 1963 , GOLDBERG did not report for duty. Never saw him again until he gave evidence in
Court.
2. CYRIL DAVIDS - On the 26th of December, 1962, left with others to attend a camp at MAMRE, the purpose of which was to teach young guerillas.
The camp was run on military lines under the charge and supervision of GOLDBERG, who was known as the
"Comrade Commandant". They were divided into various groups, each with its own Sergeant, who was to be addressed as "Comrade Sergeant". A series of lectures was given at this camp during its duration. He himself lectured on the field telephone for use in case of a revolution, as well as on self-defence. GOLDBERG lectured on First Aid while others gave lectures on the petrol engine, the roneo machine and Judo exercises. In the
course of these lectures use was made of charts,
the human body, specimen petrol engine and
charts, field telephones and a roneo machine.
Around a camp fire freedom songs were sung, news
over the broadcast had to be listened into and notes made, followed by discussion. There was
also a reading from a text book on Guerilla Warfare -
(See Exhibit R 6 ). LOOKSMART NGUDLE, a
co-conspirator, acted as interpreter. GOLDBERG wore a pair of shoes similar to Exhibit 8
(which was found at Travallyn). When the Police - 41 -
arrived on the scene GOLDBERG told the "campers" not to discuss the camp but merely to give their names and to say that it was a camp for health and spiritual purposes. The camping involved them in no expense whatsoever except Rl-00 for transport.
3. CASWELL MBOXELE - On the 26th of December,
1962, acting on an invitation to attend a picnic, he boarded a lorry on the Instruction of LOOKSMART
NGUDLE who introduced him to GOLDBERG as "COMRADE
DENNIS GOLDBERG". Up to the time that GOLDBERG himself arrived at the camp LOOKSMART gave orders, which he also did whenever GOLDBERG was absent from the camp. GOLDBERG said that he was the "COMRADE
COMMANDANT", that this was a camp of the Congress, and that the purpose of this, and other camps, was to enable them to help themselves when the occasion came to fight the White people. They were to be taught First Aid, Judo, Petrol Engine, use of telephones, the manufacture of bottle bombs, the use of the typewriter and also the roneo machine.
They had to listen in to the news broadcast, make notes and thereafter there followed a discussion; around the camp fire they sang various songs. On the following day lectures in these subjects were given and after supper LOOKSMART said that TSHOMBE had sold his people in Katanga, and further that should they be apprehended by the Police they were not to give any information, in fact not to talk at all and that they should rather kill themselves.
He impressed upon them that they were not to talk with- out having first seen their lawyer. GOLDBERG - 42 -
confirmed what LOOKSMART had said about Tshombe.
There was readings from a book on Guerilla Warfare
by Castro. It was pointed out that Guerilla warfare Ln this country would be difficult because, unlike in Cuba, the bush here was not thick enough.
Again similar songs were sung around the camp fire
that night. On the 28th the activities of the
"campers" followed the same pattern as before.
Around the camp fire one MAMINGI spoke about f a * ’ *
Lemumba and enjoined his listeners that they were/ not to commit treason against their Comrades. This
GOLDBERG confirmed. On the 29th of December, 1962,
further lectures were held. GOLDBERG introduced a
new arrival, COMRADE SACHS, who lectured on
Political Economy including exports and imports.
Soon thereafter the Police arrived. GOLDBERG
and SACHS spoke to them. Thereafter GOLDBERG said
that they could stay until the following Monday
but that they were to burn their notes and.their
books. The roneo machine was put into SACH's car.
GOLDBERG accompanied the Police but returned later
and told them that they were not to talk to the
Police without having first seen their lawyer. He
further told them to say that LOOKSMART UGTJDLE
had invited them to attend a picnic. On the 30th
of December, 1962, they left in the same lorry that
had brought them there. GOLDBERG added that they
might have another picnic, and in fact in January
1963, he received an invitation to such a picnic
by one TEDDINGTOIT, and in 1963 by LOOKSMART NGUDLE.
He declined both invitations. This camp involved - 43 - him and others in no expense whatsoever except for a charge of Rl-00.
4. P . J . M. LOU¥ - Superintendent of Coloured
Affairs at Mamre. As a result of information received he went to the camp at Mamre which was not visible from the road. Among other things he found 5 tents, petrol engine and parts, telephone,
Morse Code batteries, blackboard and easel and various charts. In the car of SACHS he found a roneo machine. He also saw a tape recorder and a "Red China" record. When he questioned GOLDBERG he would not give his name at first and later (P GOLDBERG said that he was not prepared to answer questions and told him to speak to SACHS.
5. D. VAN ZYL - A former Sergeant in the South
African Police, stationed at Rondebosch. At about
9 o’ clock in the evening of the 4th of December, 1962, he saw the accused GOLDBERG near a road in
Rondebosch in suspicious circumstances. There was a Native with him named LOOKSMART. GOLDBERG, when approached by him, answered "I can't afford to say anything" (on the previous night, the 3rd of
December, 1962, a telephone booth had been blown up nearby - see Item 116 in Annexure B).
'71u- Otr^j 6. J .P .P . VAN WYK - A Detective-Sergeant at
Cape Town. About 9 o’ clock on the 5th of December,
1962, he saw GOLDBERG driving a car in the vicinity of the Mowbray Railway Station. Nearby was
LOOKSMART on a scooter. GOLDBERG conversed with LOOKSMART and gave him something white which
LOOKSMART put in his top jacket pocket. LOOKSMART was searched and in his pocket was found a piece of white paper - Exhibit BIT - which,according to the directions appearing on this paper, indicated to the witness the marking of the railway signals in the vicinity of Kenilworth Station. He used to see GOLDBERG at meetings of the CONGRESS ALLIANCE.
7. N. WEINBERG - She knew GOLDBERG from Cape Town
In June 1963 he visited her at her address at
85 Houghton Drive, Johannesburg, and asked her permission, which she gave, to use that address for postal purposes. Letters duly arrived addressed to one WILLIAMS. GOLDBERG collected these letters.
8. J.P . SIEBRITZ - A postal official employed at the Saxonwold Post Office. On the 20th of
June, 1963, an application to hire a Post Box was handed in signed by one D. WILLIAMS of 26 Ashford
Road, Park View (See Exhibit AQ). In due course of time Post Office Box 46 was allocated to D. WILLIAMS.
9. D.G. WILLIAMS - Shown In the telephone directory as "D. Williams", 26 Ashford Road, Park
View, where he lived for the last 9 years. No other Williams lived there and he never applied for, nor was granted, Post Office Box 46 Saxonwold.
10. E. KITZLER - On the 30th of June, 1963,
she let a room at 11 Park Lane, Park Town, to one - 45 -
D. WILLIAMS for the month of July 1963. She gave him a receipt, a duplicate copy of which she handed in as Exhibit NOT (See I 67, the original receipt which was found at Travallyn).
11. D. TODD - Some time prior to the 20th of
June 1963, GOLDBERG, wearing a hat, glasses and a beard, approached him in the name of D. WILLIAMS and enquired about some box wood shooks. He did not disclose for what purpose he needed them.
Wrote to him on the 20th of June, 1963 (Exhibit T 3) and again on the 27th of June, 1963 (Exhibit T 4), advising him that a sample of the box had been completed. On the 22nd of July, 1963, he again wrote to him (Exhibit FF), c/o P.O. Box 4 6 , Saxonwold, giving GOLDBERG a quotation. This letter was Intercepted by the Police. Prom the quantities of wood specified in GOLDBERG's enquiry 48,000
completed boxes could be made, as well as an additional 48,000 tops. The box he had in mind
is similar to the box produced in Court, Exhibit
11. (The figure of 48,000 wooden boxes, of the
dimensions given in GOLDBERG's enquiry, tallies with the quantity and dimensions given in Exhibits
T 11 and R 45 headed "Production Requirements" under sub-heading (iv) "Anti-Personnel Mines").
12 • L. SMOLLAN - On the 12th of June, 1963,
GOLDBERG, who introduced himself as D. WILLIAMS of
85 Houghton Drive, Johannesburg, enquired about
box shooks, the quantities for which he gave, for - 46 - a company to be formed, although the site had not yet been selected. The order, which he regarded as a large one, was urgent. Prom the quantities which GOLDBERG gave him 48,000 boxes could be made, with 48,000 lids to spare. In addition there were 96,000 batons but he did not know what they were required for. (For a comparison with the quantities and dimensions given in Ex hibit Til and R45, see above at page 45)• On the
14th and the 20th of June, 1963, he wrote to
WILLIAMS at the above-mentioned address - see
Exhibits T12 and T13.
13» F.C. MILBURH - Joint Managing Director of the Phoenix Foundry. Some time prior to the 6th of July, 1963, one WILLIAMS came in and asked for a quotation for certain castings of which he produced a sketch. He (MILBURN) drew his own sketch - Exhibit GG - and made up a sample of the product which he produced in Court, Exhibit 12.
WILLIAMS said that he wanted a couple of hundred thousand of these castings, but would not disclose the purpose for which they were to be used beyond the fact that he was seeking to effect a certain patent* He gave WILLIAMS a quotation. The latter wanted another quotation, whereupon the witness referred WILLIAMS to another firm of J. Barwell.
The witness was .hown the following 5 exhibits, namely, T5, T6, T8, T9 and T 10 which he identified as detailed above at pages 36-37. The witness added that the construction of the cupola, as set - 47 - out in Exhibit T9 (R 43), conformed to standard practice and that the method of operation of a cupola, as set out in Exhibit T10 (R 42), also conformed to standard practice.
14. J . LANKENAU - A Sales Manager for J. Barwell.
GOLDBERG, who introduced himself as WILLIAMS, enquired of him about some castings made of cast
Iron which he required for a colleague. He would not, however, give the name of the colleague.
GOLDBERG added that he wanted 210,000 of these castings but would not disclose for what purpose.
He asked GOLDBERG where he could contact him In order to give him a quotation, to which GOLDBERG replied that he travelled and that he would contact the witness. The witness, however, never heard from GOLDBERG again. Prom the specifications given by GOLDBERG he made a specimen of this casting which he produced, Exhibit 13. The quantity of 210,000 castings conform to the quantity specified in T 11, as well as R45, under the heading of ’’Production Requirements" and under the further sub-heading (v) entitled "Grenades".
The core-blowing machine, as specified In T5 could be used to make a core for a casting such as Exhibit 13.
15* L. RUFF - A Technical Manager employed by
AERFLO (PTY.) LTD. During May to June 1963, one
WILLIAMS, whom he identifies as GOLDBERG from the bottom photograph No. 3 iu Exhibit D, enquired - 48 -
for a high-pressure fan or blower for use in respect of a forge or furnace. He gave a specification therefor and said that he was planning the formation of a company. The sketch shown on Exhibit T6 could be fitted to the kind of blower required by GOLDBERG.
16. 0. CAMPBELL - Manager of KCPPEL ENGINEERING.
Some time in April 1963s or possibly some weeks thereafter, one WILLIAMS, who he felt is the accused GOLDBERG, came and enquired about a
Titan core-blower valued at about R300-00.
17. F .J. MARA.YEC - Manager of the firm B0SW0RTH
STEEL STRUCTURES (PTY.) LTD. About June 1963 one WILLIAMS, who he thinks is GOLDBERG as shown in the bottom photo on page 3 of Exhibit D, came and enquired about a cupola. He took him to his assistant, Mrs. Levanos, for a copy of a drawing of a cupola.
18. A.. LEVANOS - She made a copy of an office drawing of a cupola and gave it - Exhibit 1 7 - to the person that MARAVEC had brought to her.
This person said that he intended to start his own foundry. She was also of the opinion that this person was the one shown in the bottom photograph on page 3 of Exhibit D.
■^9. H. HOPES - About April or possibly June
1963, GOLPBERG, who introduced himself as WILLIAMS, enquired about some cast iron. He was not prepared - 49 -
to supply him with cast iron as he had his own regular customers. About the 9th of July, 1963, he supplied a Volkswagen Kombi engine to KATZ of Auto Electricians for the purpose of having it fitted into the Volkswagen Kombi T.J. 142-838, as shown in photo 33 of Exhibit B. (See too
Exhibit R 149 and Exhibit AG, the invoice in respect of such engine).
20 • H .j. KATZ - ACE AUTO ELECTRICIANS. Some few days before the 11th of July, 1963, one WILLIAMS brought a Volkswagen Kombi in order to have the engine replaced. He did so and WILLIAMS took delivery thereof on the 11th of July, 1963, and paid an amount of R176-35 in cash for the work done*
The Kombi shown in Exhibit B, photo No. 33,
Is the vehicle in question.
21• M.B. SPIES - COMMERCIAL MOTORS. In June,
1963, he sold the Volkswagen Kombi shown in photo
No. 33 in Exhibit B to GOLDBERG, who had given the name of WILLIAMS, for an amount of R790-00 which
GOLDBERG paid in cash (notes). At the time
GOLDBERG was driving an Austin van shown in
Exhibit UU.
22* T. PALOS - An official in the Municipality dealing with the registration of motor vehicles.
He testified that T.J. 142-838, a Volkswagen Kombi, was on the 3rd of July, 1963, registered in the name of D. WILLIAMS, 11 Park Lane, Park Town,
JOHANNESBURG. This witness further testified that - 50 -
T.J. 116-355 was an Austin van registered in the name of NAVIAN (PTY.) LTD.on the 27th of September,
1961. The papers were signed by N.J. JACOBSON on behalf of the Company. VIVIAN EZRA was a
Director of the Company.
23. F.W. VBRINGA - SLEEPY HOLLOW SERVICE
STATION at Rivonia. GOLDREIOH was the owner of the light delivery Austin van Exhibit UUo He effected certain repairs to it and tendered an invoice,Exhibit T69,iu the amount of R128-90 of which GOLDREIOH paid R60-00 in cash. The balance was still owing. He also saw a person with a beard, other than GOLDREIOH, drive this van.
24. M. BATOHELDER - Towards the end of August
1963 she saw an Austin van, T.J. 116-355, parked in Northfield Avenue, Glen Hazel, in circumstances which caused her to report the matter to the
Police on the 10th of September, 1963* A Police guard was immediately placed at this van which was removed by the Police the next day. The place where the van was parked was about 4 miles from
Mountain View.
25. H. SLEIGH - Towards the end of May I 963, following a telephone call received, he met
GOLDBERG who was not wearing either glasses or a beard and who introduced himself as CHARLES BARNARD.
GOLDBERG said that he wanted a small-holding in order to establish a poultry farm. They met again - 51 -
on the 14th of June, 1963, and finalised the sale of Travallyn in accordance with Exhibit ZZ which has been dealt with above at pages 38-39.
He advised GOLDBERG that he was certain that the seller would accept a lesser figure than the amount of R8 , 500-00. GOLDBERG replied that he was not interested in purchasing the place at a cheaper figure, and he paid the initial deposit of R500-00 in cash, made up of R20-00 notes (see Exhibit AAA).
He saw GOLDBERG a little later when he noticed that he was wearing glasses and growing a beard.
He asked GOLDBERG for his address but he was unable to supply one. He went to Travallyn and found that a Bantu male, ANDRIES, who had been employed there by the previous owner, had left. GOLDBERG said that he preferred to use his own labour.
26* ANDRIES - The Bantu male referred to above identified GOLDBERG according to the lower photograph on page 3 of Exhibit D. GOLDBERG moved into Travallyn saying that the place now belonged to him and that he, ANDRIES, could go. Before he left on the 3rd of July, 1963, he saw GOLDBERG arrive in a van, bringing to Travallyn beds, © ward-robes, tables, chairs and curtains.
27. G. FINLAY - He acted for his daughter who was the previous owner of Travallyn. GOLDBERG was given formal occupation of Travallyn as from the
1st of July, 1963. He went there some time after the 4th of July, 1963, where he met GOLDBERG who introduced himself as BARNARD. GOLDBERG said - 52 -
that he was bringing his own labour on to the premises. He there saw an Austin van (Exhibit UU) which GOLDBERG said belonged to a neighbour. The first instalment on the premises, which was due on the 15th of July, 1963, was not paid and so he went out to Travallyn and in fact made several
calls there but found nobody and saw no activity
there. On the 6th of August, 1963j he went there again. He gained access to the house through a window and saw an open fridge, as well as pots and pans. He also saw some "Political papers" in a
desk, whereupon he immediately reported the matter
to the Police and accompanied them back to the
premises.
28. L.TUOHMAN - A man named WILLIAMS came to his
Auction Mart in order to buy some furniture which
he said he wanted as he was opening a rondawel
on the Pretoria Road. This man came in a panel van
and removed the articles of furniture he had bought
on two serrate dates, the 28th of June, 1963,
and the f£5rd of July, 1963.
29* R. LOWERY - Worked for an electrical firm and
on the 2nd of July, 1963, a man with a slight
beard, who gave his name as D. WILLIAMS, 11 Park
Lane, Johannesburg, bought four light box units
for the sum of IJL2-00. These light box units are
used for drawing purposes.
30. G. ERASMUS - Detective Warrant Officers He
took the finger-prints of GOLDBERG, Exhibit EEE* - 53 -
31. J. VAN RENSBURG - Finger-print expert who found the finger-prints of GOLDBERG on a plate at Travallyn (see Exhibits 000 and DDD).
32. E. SEBONE - A Bantu female employed by the
KRIELS who owned the premises at No. 10 Terrace
Road, Mountain View. GOLDBERG, who she knew as
D. WILLIAMS, moved into the cottage. She saw him in a small light-coloured motor van.
33» E. HLONGWANE mother Bantu female who worked for the Kriels. Some time in May, 1963, GOLDBERG, under the name of D. WILLIAMS, moved into the cottage, the key of which he left in the kitchen of the house when he went away from the premises.
She last saw him in July 1963* After GOLDBERG left he brought into the cottage a woman and two men of whom she identified one, accused KATHRADA, according to photo No. 5 in Exhibit D.
34* T. SWANEPOEL - A. Lieutenant in the Police who, on information received from BOB ALEXANDER
HEPPLE, a co-conspirator, went to the cottage at Mountain View in the afternoon of the 5th of
September, 1963* Near the cottage he found some papers which, on examination, he determined was
Communistic literature. On other portions of the paper he saw the letters "A.N.C.". In the cottage, amongst other articles, he found a double page
"ATAR" of the 31st of May, 1963, under a mattress,
Exhibit M26 (see also Exhibit T7). GOLDBERG - 54 -
said that a sketch of a furnace,drawn on the newspaper,was in fact drawn by him.
55. E. KGOPANE - GOLDBERG visited Rivonia.
36. S. SEPING - GOLDBERG visited Rivonia, arriving
there in a Volkswagen Kombi vehicle.
37. T. MASHIFANE - GOLDBERG arrived at Rivonia
in a Volkswagen Kombi and visited the occupants of
the thatched roof room. He also drove the Austin
van.
38. J. MASHIFANE ) ) GOLDBERG visited the occupants
——- ) in the thatched roof room0
40* R. MAKULA - GOLDBERG drove a Volkswagen Kombi van and visited the residents at Rivonia. On an
occasion he removed some furniture by van.
41* F. M0H0HL0ANE - GOLDBERG visited the occupants in the thatched roof room. He drove
Volkswagen Kombi and also an ” N.D." motor car.
42. C.J. DIRKER - On the afternoon of the
Police raid at Rivonia he saw GOLDBERG in the
sitting-room of the main building. Parked outside
he saw the Volkswagen Kombi T.J. 142-838, the keys
to which he foun^. in the dining-room. He also
found at Rivonia a set of 3 keys, R 26, which
fitted the doors of the cottage at Mountain VleWo - 55 -
43. J.H.J. REMEDY - Detective Warrant Officer
in the Police. The letter, Exhibit FP, addressed
to Mr. D. WILLIAMS, P.O. Box 4 6 , Saxonwold, he intercepted at the Post Office.
ACCUSED NO. 4 - GOVAN MBEKI
EXHIBIT R 52 - This is a document found in the
possession of accused MBEKI. It reads as follows:
"00M .D (1) Has Y.C. sent the amount for E.C.?
If not recall it.
(2) Deposit this month’ s (June) for
transfer to M.B.
(3) Chink with Mrs. Percy ?
(4) List of functionaries and amounts ?"
EXHIBIT R 53 - This is another document found
in the possession of MBEKI and reads as follows:
" R D VAN. Specialists x (1) R15 - Curtains
(2) R100 - Bearing
knock.
* Incorrect to say Liberatory movement given
itself to military methods.
(a) Cross Border of Protectorate
(b) - 56 -
1. 5s Liberatory movement not ignored
2. s Govt, not resorting to arms out of
strength is not a happy choice.
Compelled by nature of struggle.
3. a Negotiated settlement - not before
people have shown their strength.
Cite: Pretorius.
4. 3E Strategy: (1) Cross Border of Protecto
rate unrealistic.
(2) Call on Protectorates to
rise.
(3) South West Africa - Yes.
5. » P.A.C. - A.N.C. Unity:
(1) Have attempted meetings - C.T. attempt.
(2) High Command ?" ©
EXHIBIT R 197 - This is a one page document entitled "Program comment" in the handwriting of
MBEKI. It is, in part, a draft of the transcript
Exhibit R60.
EXHIBIT T 31 - This exhibit, comprising three restriction orders served by the Police on MBEKI, was found at Travallyn.
EXHIBIT T 35 - This is a 3 page document in the handwriting of MBEKI and it reads as follows:
"l. Conference:
(a) Attended as observers.
(b) Three Schools of thought at
conference; - 57 -
(i) Ghana - Political Union.
(ii) Practical e.g. Customs,
Communication etc.
(iii) Ben Bella - revolutionary
approach.
All views blended in final charter.
(c) (i) Assembly of Heads of State
once yearly.
(ii) Council of Ministers.
(iii) Establishment of Council in
Bar to co-ordinate and
channel aid to struggling
liberatory movements.
(d) Opens avenue for use of Tanganyika
to establish a camp.
(e) Nationalist Organisations:
Oglnga read ;]oint memo on
behalf of Nationalist organisations.
2. External Mission Reports:
(1) Algeria: (a) Training slow because of
Language problems.
(b) 67 in Algeria - (c) Promised £100,100 - was
given £28,000. Got
permit to send £14,000
which he did to London
s with instructions to send
£10,000 home and £4,000
to Dar. - 58 -
(d) June 26 - wants cultural
show. This discouraged.
(2) Fund Raising Mission : Mos, OR and P.
Felt too many missions, some of which
seemed to have exceeded their mission.
This more particularly so in Ch.
(ii) In C S-R were awarded £110,000 * of this £15,000 to Lesotho
and £80,000 with one of
Embassies. Balance still to
be forwarded.
(iii) Mikbey supplies - any amount,
(iv) In Chec submitted request
for other supplies e.g.
trucks etc.
(3) Cairo: (a) Trainees getting on well
(b) want up to 50 in order to make training real.
(b) Eric giving a problem - what?
(c) Need for political
Commissars
(d) Emphasis on selection based
on physical condition.
(e) Sino-Indian relations
frustrating.
(4) Par : Xola:
(a) Had taken steps to secure
h an office on strength of
recommendation by Ray
and Joe.
s (b) Tom’ s arrival - a doubt. - 59 -
(5) London: (a) Better word now.
(b) New plot to collect
for 3?. A*0. e.g. Scot,
Colin Legum.
(c) Countered by saying all
monies collected shall
be for Def. and Aid.
s (d) PAFMECSA - 10th July.
(e) UNO Arrangements made by
committee in absence of
Head.
(f) Felt Z.K. and Joe should
be excluded to save them
being declared prohibited
Immigrants in S.A.
(6) On trustees and Custodians:
Suggestions:
(a)
(7) Unity Talks Proposals: Feeling abroad
that we should rather win people
and more particularly the Youth."
EXHIBIT T 54 - This is a 2 page document in the handwriting of MBEKI and it reads as follows:
"1. C.T. £50 = £300
2. P.E. 150 = 900 j Pay A1;fred £3-7 ) " Valy I " R.A. Propagande ) " Travelling 3. DURBAN 100 = 600 ) (l) Full time
) (2) Prop for
) Ru: Area ) ) (3) Travelling. - 60 -
4. SECRETARIAT 50 = 300 £2100 3000 - Propaganda 5100
CHINA
DAN
PA.KAMILE
150 QUMBU
450 INGLETON 300
150
400 1450 150
25 117 45 72
17 - 10 54 - 10
2100
1. Correspondence (a) Xola & related negotiations
(b) London
(c) Ours to Chief & his to London.
2. June 26: (a) Script
(b) Any Reports on June 26 from Regions
3. GENERAL CAR
1. DURBAN \ (a) Acknow his 2. XOLA { fus B * ) (b) Refer money ^ (c) Scholarships - 61 -
3. LONDON ) (a) Ackn. Chief's letters
(b) Report on Missions to Fr.
& results.
(c) Syllabus and lectures.
(d) M.K.
(e) Have also written A.R.
(f) Addis Report.
(g) Aliens Control Bill
(h) Land Rover for Bech.
( 3 ) Negotiations between Re political groups.
(k) S
4. C.T.
5. JACK 6. m e
7. WELKOM - Lengisi & Magana of WTA
8 . DURBAN - M.K. (a) Send men
< P (b) Money coming".
EXHIBIT T 64 - This exhibit comprises two letters dated the 6 th of June, 1963, addressed on behalf of WALTER SISULU, Secretary-General of the AFRICAN
NATIONAL CONGRESS (South Africa) to: (l)"The
Secretary, African National Congress (Northern
Rhodesia) Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia". (2) "The
Secretary, The United National Independence Party,
Lusaka, Northern Rhodesia." The two letters, in identical terms, read as follows:
"Dear Friends,
I am directed by the National Executive - 62 -
Committee of the African National Congress
(South Africa) to write and thank you for
the splendid work of your organisation in
rescuing our men from the jaws of the dying
Federation monster.
Within days of the arrest and detention
of the men we received a report from one of
them, together with a copy of the Joint
Press Statement issued by the African National
Congress (Northern Rhodesia) and the United
National Independence Party. We have also
been following with profound appreciation and
gratitude the campaign your organisation
mounted as well as the legal struggle you
initiated to ensure their release.
Your assistance to us in this matter is
a concrete expression of the determination of the peoples of Africa to rid themselves of
colonial and white minority rule.
Please convey to your members and the
people of your country the appreciation and
gratitude of my organisation and its members,
as well as of the freedom loving people of
South Africa.
Yours for freedom,"
EXHIBIT T 77 - This is a 14-page document in the
handwriting of MBEKI entitled "Syllabus for
Political Education of A.N.C. Groups".
EXHIBIT T 78 - A 4-page document in the handwriting
of MBEKI addressed "TO ALL REGIONS AND BRANCHES". /je t) T” • - 63 -
EXHIBIT T 79 - This is a single page document in the handwriting of MBEKI and reads as follows:
"A. Transkei issue.
B. Detainees - 90-days what to do.
(i) tracing all.
(ii) send names.
(H i) organise families to demand
seeing their people.
(iv) when released should be kept
safely and get information of CP what they were asked - this
information to be sent here.
(v) organise assistance for families of
detainees.
C. Boycott of nationalist papers
D. List of addresses."
EXHIBIT D - On page A of Exhibit D appear two photos of MBEKI. The top one as he looked on the day of his arrest, the bottom one as he normally is.
WITNESSES:
1. E. KGOPANE - MBEKI stayed in the thatched roof room and on occasions typed in the main building.
2. SOLOMON SEP ENG ) — — " ) 3. PHILIP MOKOLO 4* RASMUS MAKULA ) 1€B:BK]: stayed in the
5. TWADI MAKE33A j thatched roof room. ~ ~ ---— -- ) 6. FRANK MOHOHLOANE ) - 64 -
7. THOMAS MASHIFANE - MBEKI, who he also knew
as DHLAMINI, stayed in the thatched roof room.
He also saw him in the room of the out-building
that was used as a sort of office. MBEKI frequently
visited the main house at Rivonia.
8. JOSEPH MASHIFANE - MBEKI stayed in the
thatched roof room, but also saw him in the room
with the roneo machine. MBEKI also helped with
\ the erection of the aerial mast and the earth wire.
9* F. VERINGA. - Saw MBEKI together with Thomas
Mashifane in the Austin light delivery van.
10. BRUNO MTOLO - At the beginning of June, 1963,
when he arrived for the first time at the thatched
roof room at Rivonia, he was also introduced to
MBEKI as DHLAMINI. MBEKI confirmed what SISULU
had said, namely that by the end of July the
A.N.C. must organise 200 (two hundred) volunteers
and by the end of October 2000 (two thousand)
volunteers from the rural areas, and that Natal
would be divided into seven regions. MBEKI also
added that the volunteers were to be used for
the UMKONTO WE SIZWE. He also gave him the
names of the seven divisions for Natal and indicated
who would be in charge of the whole of Natal and
who would have to report on the activities in
Natal to the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND. MBEKI further
said that lectures would be drawn up by the
NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND and sent to the various - 65 -
organisers. Finally MBEKI suggested to him
that in Natal they should look for a place similar
to Rivonia - one that was safe and quiet. The j • witness conveyed the grievances of Natal to MBEKI.
MBEKI again wanted to know why the cane-fields
in Natal had not been set alight and further
stated that additional recruits were required
for the 13th and 20th of June 1963. MBEKI gave
him £15* The next day he saw MBEKI draft a
document. KATHRADA then typed this document on
a stencil and thereafter roneoed copies on the
roneo machine. Together with KATHRADA he returned
to the thatched roof room where he found MBEKI
busy addressing envelopes. The document referred
to above he identified as Exhibit R 10. The
following morning, prior to his departure MBEKI
gave him a bundle of these envelopes to post. At
the same time MBEKI showed him letters which he
had written to KUANDA and NKUMBULE which dealt
with the arrest of trainees in Northern Rhodesia
(See Exhibit T 64 above at pages 61-62). \
11. ABEL MTEMBU - He knew MBEKI as DHLAMINI.
Following upon the house arrest of HODGSON,
HODGSON told him that he should go to Rivonia in
order to receive a message. He went there and
in the thatched roof room he found MBEKI who he
knew as a member of THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
and attached to the newspaper at Port Elizabeth
entitled the "NEW AGE". MBEKI told him that he
must meet trainees from Natal on the 4th, the 11th
and the 18th of May; that the leader of the CTkjl. - 66 -
trainees would have a small umbrella which he
would open and close, that he had to go up to
the leader and give a secret word which he had
forgotten (BRUHO in his evidence indicated that
the secret word was MANZI). Thereafter he met
BRUNO who told him that he wanted to contact the
NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND whereupon he (the witness)
went to Rivonia where he saw MBEKI who told him
that it was in order and that he should bring
BRUNO along to Rivonia. He duly carried out this
instruction, brought BRUNO and introduced him to
MBEKI. MBEKI asked BRUNO "Where is the other
man?" (Referring to SOLOMON MBANJWA). BRUNO
replied that he did not know and also asked why the
recruits from Natal had not been met at Germiston
Station as arranged. MBEKI replied that the dates
had been changed, whereupon the witness asked
why he had not been advised accordingly. MBEKI
concluded the argument by saying that they should
forget about it. On a later occasion he saw BRUNO
who told him that he had brought a number of
recruits from Natal. BRUNO asked him for R10-00
saying that MBEKI would refund it. He gave
BRUNO R10-00 and was in fact refunded that amount
by MBEKI.
12. BENNETT MASHIYANA - He knew GOVAN MBEKI who
was the contact between the Port Elizabeth and the
East London Regional Commands. He regarded MBEKI
as a person in authority over both the East London
| and Port Elizabeth Regional Commands as he brought - 67 -
directives from Johannesburg when he came from
that town. In fact for that reason he regarded
him as the contact between THE NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND
with headquarters in the Transvaal, on the one hand,
and the Port Elizabeth and the East London Regional
Commands on the other hand. MBEKI, together with
MHLABA, often came and addressed meetings at East
London where MBEKI, together with MHLABA and MINI
were introduced by MGABELA as members of the
NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND. During April 1962, at a
house in East London, MBEKI and MINI were present.
A. discussion took place to the effect that they
were to enrol more freedom fighters to fight agains
the laws of the country and to defy the Government
in fact to cripple the Government militarily and
economically and to destroy property of the
Government. Anyone who squealed had to be reported
to the REGIONAL HIGH COMMAND.
13. JOHN TSHINGANA - A taxi driver from Port
Elizabeth who received instructions from time to
time from MBEKI to convey members of the A.N.C.
to various meetings. On one occasion MBEKI sent
him to a certain house to call for MANDELA and
to take him to the sea. That was some time during
March/April 1961. He did so. About 3 or 4 months
later MBEKI again told him to call for MANDELA at
the same house and convey him to the house of
DR. PATHER. He did so together with MBEKI, MHLABA (j(l and MINI. On the evening of the 15th of December Hk fat 1961, and acting on the instructions of MBEKI j ff.-A he accompanied SILAS to Court Chambers. SILAS onrn - 68 -
went into the building and catne back carrying
two cartons, accompanied by MBEKI who was carrying
one. They then proceeded to the house of MBEKI
where they left him. The following day he conveyed
a number of passengers to certain spots detailed in
items 14 and 16 of Annexure "B" . Later he met
MBEKI who paid him for the transport and remarked
that "the work had been well done". In 1962 his
taxi was also used for the conveyance of passengers,
Including MBEKI, to meetings of the A.N.C.
14. ZIZI NTJIKELANA - During December I960 he
attended a meeting at the house of MHLABA where
MBEKI was present. MBEKI informed the meeting
that he was from the National Executive and tola - A A them about the "New Plan" under which officers N
were to be appointed and not elected as hitherto,
and that the affairs of the Organisation was now
in the control of the National Executive at
Johannesburg.
15. SIKUMBUZE NTJIKELANA. - He knew MBEKI who
was one of the leaders of the AFRICAN NATIONAL
CONGRESS. During December 1961 his car was hired.
He went to the house of MBEKI where he picked him
up and took him to Court Chambers. MBEKI went
into the building and came back carrying two
carriers. Later he conveyed MBEKI and one JACK
along the road from Port Elizabeth to Uitenhage
and heard them talking, and in particular about
5 to 6 miles out heard the word "Pylon" mentioned.
That afternoon his taxi was again used by others.
When he realised that there were two bombs in the - 69 -
carriers,referred to earlier, he refused to drive
further and when told that MBEKI would be cross
If they were not delivered by a certain time he
got out of the car and walked to the house of MBEKI.
He spoke to him about these bombs and MBEKI
enquired as to who told the others to use his car;
MBEKI added that they should have conveyed the
bombs on foot. He duly conveyed this message to
his travelling companions.
16. HORMAN DONDASHE - He knew MBEKI as one of
the leaders of the A.N.C. in Port Elizabeths and
further that he was connected with Trade Unions
with offices at Court Chambers, Port Elizabeth.
He attended a conference at Lobatsi where MBEKI
said that those present must, on their return to
South Africa, teach the Bantu, particularly in the n rural areas, that they had to fight for their_
freedom. ^
17• PETER PEYESI - He knew MBEKI as one of the
leaders of the A.N.C. at Port Elizabeth. He J
attended the Lobatsi Conference where MBEKI told
those present that on their return to South Africa
they had to teach the people in the rural areas
to fight for their freedom.
18. PIET COETZEE - He conveyed delegates to the
Lobatsi Conference where he saw MBEKI in attendance.
19. LILIAN NAPE - During 1961 MBEKI came to
stay with her. He was then working for a paper
0 - 70 -
called "The NEW AGE" with office at Court Chambers.
To her knowledge MBEKI was a member of the A.N.C. before it was banned. When "NEW AGE" was banned
(30th November, 1962) he did not stay long. He left with a bag saying he was going out. She never saw him again until she gave evidence in Court.
20. J . JORDAAN - Detective Warrant Officer stationed at Port Elizabeth. He knew MBEKI who was connected with the "NEW AGE". After 30th
November 1962, when this paper was banned, he went to the office and house of MBEKI but didn't find him in. In fact he never saw him again until he gave evidence in Court.
21. J.A. DE KLERK - A Detective-Sergeant in the
Police. On the 10th of April, 1963, he served three restriction orders (Exhibit T 31) on MBEKI at Johannesburg and told him to return to Port
Elizabeth forthwith.
22. J. VAN HEERDEN - Lieutenant in the Police.
On the afternoon of the raid he saw MBEKI walking away from the rear of the thatched roof room at
Rivonia.
23. C. POSTHUMUS - A Detective-Sergeant in the
Police. Following upon the arrest of MBEKI he searched him and found some torn notes in the pocket of his overall, Exhibit R 53. - 71 -
24. C.J. DIRKER. - Detective Warrant Officer. He knew MBEKI as a Communist and often saw him at meetings of the A.N.C. He played back the tape,
Exhibit R 153, and one of the voices on that tape sounded like that of MBEKI.
ACCUSED NO. 5 - AHMED MOHAMED KATHRADA.
EXHIBITS RIO, 121(d) and 122 - RIO is a one-page circular issued by the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS and deals with the following subjects:
"June 26th - Freedom Day."
"Freedom in our life-time."
"Pivot of our struggle."
"Blood Bank."
"ACTION ACTION ACTION."
The circular concludes with the slogan of the
A.N.C.
Exhibit Rl21(d) is a copy of the identical circular which Detective Warrant Officer Dirker ran off from a wax-sheet that he found in the fourth room of the out-buildings at Rivonia (Ex hibit R 121).
Exhibit R 122 - this consists of 139 copies of the same circular that was also found in the fourth room of the out-buildings at Rivonia. - 72 -
EXHIBIT D - On page 5 of this exhibit is a photo of KATHRADA as he looked on the day of his arrest#
WITNESSES:
1. E. KG0PA.NE - KATHRADA stayed in the thatched roof room and she also saw him in the room with the roneo machine.
2. S. SEPENG - KATHRADA stayed in the thatched roof room. He also saw him typing, operating the roneo machine and assisting in burying the earth attached a to the radio.
3. T. MASHIFANE - KATHRADA stayed in the thatched roof room. Was also busy on occasions reading and typing; saw him in the room with the roneo machine; he further assisted with the erection of the mast for the radio.
4» J . MASHIFANE - KATHRADA stayed in the thatched roof room® Also seen in the room with the roneo machine and on occasions was both reading and typing*.
5* ) KATHRADE stayed in the
6. ?. MOHOHLOAHlj ) thatched roof room.
7* T. MKANA - KATHRADA. stayed in the thatched roof room and also used the roneo machine in the fourth room of the out-buildings at Rivonia. - 73 -
8 * I.E . MAKDA - KATHRADA visited WOLPE at the offices of JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS.
9. BRUNO MTOLO - On the occasion of his visit to Rivonia he met KATHRADA who was introduced to him as PEDRO. On the day after his arrival there he saw KATHRADA typing on stencil what MBEKI had drafted, and thereafter saw KATHRADA running off copies of the circular on the roneo machine in
the fourth room (See Exhibits RIO and R121(d) and
122).
10. ABEL MTEMBU - He knew KATHRADA as PEDRO and as a member of the INDIAN CONGRESS. On the three occasions that he went to the thatched roof room at Rivonia KATHRADA was present.
11. ESSOP SULIMAN - He knew KATHRADA as a member of the TRANSVAAL INDIAN CONGRESS. Some time during
September/October 1962 KATHRADA hired his transport
in order to take recruits across the border for which he was paid by KATHRADA.
1 2 • EVA HLONGWANB - After GOLDBERG left Mountain
View he brought to the cottage a woman and two men, one of whom she identified as KATHRADA. She also identified his photo on page 5 of Exhibit D as the
"Portuguese"who GOLDBERG had brought to the cottage.
13. J . VAN HEERDEN - Lieutenant in the Police. On the afternoon of the raid at Rivonia he saw KATHRADA - 74 -
walking away from the rear of the thatched roof room. He searched him, after he had been arrested, and found on his person an amount of R140-00 in cash (notes).
14. W.P. VAN WYK - Lieutenant in the Police and
Investigating Officer. When he saw KATHRADA he enquired "Who is this European?" KATHRADA then began to laugh and it was only then that he recognised him as KATHRADA.
15. 0 .J . DIRKER - Detective Warrant Officer. Knew
KATHRADA since 1952 as a member of the TRANSVAAL
INDIAN CONGRESS. KATHRADA was also a listed
Communist. On the afternoon of the raid he identified KATHRADA with great difficulty. KATHRADA
sought his permission to put on the jacket seen hanging in the right-hand corner of photo No. 9 in Exhibit "B ". He enquired whose jacket it was and KATHRADA replied that the occupants of that room were accustomed to wear whatever clothing there was therein,
ACCUSED NO. 6 - LIONEL BERNSTEIN.
EXHIBIT BU - This is a list of 24 books and
3 pamphlets found in the house of BERNSTEIN.
Details of these books and pamphlets are as follows: - 75 -
"LB 4 = Boek = Hristo Mihailow - Kommunistiese
boek.
LB 6 = Boek = "Byelorussia" Soviet booklet
by TY. Kiselev.
LB 7 = Boek = "Tajikistan" Soviet booklet by
Nazarsho Dodkhudoyer.
LB 8 = Boek = "Latria" Soviet booklet by Vilis Lacis.
LB 9 = Boek = "Lithuania" Soviet booklet
by M. Sumaulkas.
LB 10 = Boek = "Ukraine" Soviet booklet by
N. Kalchenko.
LB 11 = Boek = "Uzbekistan" Soviet booklet
by Arif Alimov.
LB 12 = Boek = "Kirghizia" Soviet booklet
by Kazy Dikambayev.
LB 13 = Boek = "Estonia" Soviet booklet by
Alexei Murisep.
LB 14 = Boek = "Kazakhstan" Soviet booklet
by Dinmohammed Kunayev.
LB 15 = Boek = "Georgia" Soviet booklet by
G. Djavakhishvili.
LB 16 = Boek = "Byelorussia" Soviet booklet
by T.Y. Kiselev
LB 17 = Boek = "Turkmenia" Soviet booklet by
Balysh Ovezov.
LB 18 = Boek = "Armenia" Soviet booklet by
Aston Kochinyan.
LB 19 = Boek = "Soviet Women" Soviet booklet
by Olga Vinogradova.
LB 20 = Boek = "Higher Education" Soviet
booklet by Prof. V, Yelyutin. - 76 -
LB 23 = Boek = "Socialist culture of Uzbek
people".
LB 24 = Boek = "South Africans in the Soviet
Union."
LB 26 = Boek = "Life is more Joyous" by Brian
Bunting.
LB 28 = Boek = "The Western Areas" Mass removal,
LB 29 = Pamflet "The third Afro-Asian Peoples
solidarity conference".
LB 30 = Pamflet "Soviet News".
LB 32 = Pamflet "Restore the Unity of the
international Com. Movement".
LB 33 = Boek = "The User" 100 questions answered.
LB 34 = Boek = "information Bulletin".
LB 35 = Boek = "Man of the people Chief
A.J. Lutuli".
LB 38 = Boek = "A .S.A . in China" by Hilda
Bernstein."
EXHIBIT CV - This exhibit comprises two copies
of the "World Marxism Review " of March 1963*
EXHIBIT CW - "Castro's Cuba".
EXHIBIT CX - Two copies of "ANGOLA - FREEDOM
STRUGGLE".
EXHIBIT OY - "Ideas of MARXISM - LENINISM".
WITNESSES:
1. E. KG0PA.NE ) ) BERNSTEIN was a visitor to Rivonia. 2. S. SEPENG J - 77 -
3. T. MASHIFANE ) BERNSTEIN on occasions visited | the occupants in the thatched 4« F. MOHOHLOANE ) roof room.
5. V. JELLIMAN - He was the care-taker at Rivonia from October 1961 to January 1962. His salary for one month was paid by BERNSTEIN who was a visitor to Rivonia.
6- J. MASHIFANE - BERNSTEIN visited the occupants in the thatched roof room. He also assisted with the erection of the aerial mast and the earth serving the radio. He also saw him in the room which housed the roneo machine.
7• 0. GAITZ - A plumber who did work for
"JACOBSON" at Rivonia. On instructions received he installed a bath and a hot water installation, as well as a stove in the thatched roof room.
BERNSTEIN showed him where he wanted the different points.
8 ‘ I.E . MAKDA - BERNSTEIN visited WOLPE at the offices of JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS.
9« J .S .J . KENNEDY - Detective Warrant Officer.
On the afternoon of the Police raid at Rivonia he C found BERNSTEIN in the thatched roof room together with the accused MHLABA and HEPPLE, a co-conspirator.
BERNSTEIN appeared very nervous. Lying open on the table in the room was the document entitled
"Operation Mayibuye", Exhibit R 71. - 78 -
10. P.O. ROELVERT - Detective-Sergeant who searched the house of BERNSTEIN and handed in a list of some of the books found there (See Ex hibit BU).
11. C.J. PIRKER - Petective Warrant Officer. He searched BERNSTEIN following on his arrest and found R65-00 in cash on his person. He knew that
BERNSTEIN was a listed Communist and a member of
THE CONGRESS OP PEMOCRATS.
12 • R. FIRST - He met JACK and RICA HOPGSON,
WOLPE and BERNSTEIN together with his wife HILPA at the house of SLOVO. HOPGSON, SLOVO and WOLPE are named co-conspirators.
ACCUSEP NO. 7 - RAYMOND MHLABA
EXHIBIT R 183 - This is a one-page typed document found in the possession of MHLABA. It reads :
"To-day, in the presence of you all, I
swear to place my life at the service of
my people.
I will uphold the policy, follow the
leadership of the NATIONAL LIBERATION MOVEMENT.
I will guard the lives and the rights of
my people, and respect their person and their property. - 79 -
I know the duties of a scout in people's
struggle - to obey the orders of my appointed
leaders without hesitation; to guard their
secrets whatever the cost to me; to defend
the lives of my comrades as though they were
my own.
I swear to carry out these duties for
all time until the liberation of the people
has been won.
And therefore I claim to-day the title
of scout in the people's army - U.
EXHIBIT R 84 - This is another one-page typed document, also found in the possession of MHLABA, and under the heading of "8.6.196 3", which reads as follows:
"Thanks for the information per B. About
the date as been fixed as well as the amount.
I am a bit confused because of a conflict
in the amount. Could you clarify the position
please. H. Informed us it would be £25 and
the latest information is £10. This has to
be cleared immediately else it might create
a most unfortunate misunderstanding as well
as a poor reflection of dishonesty by us on
some of our prospects.
I shall appreciate it if this matter is
treated as being of UTMOST URGENCY.
We shal"’. virtually suspend our contacting
campaign until we hear again from you. Please
send us word by return post. - 80 -
You do appreciate that there is hardly any
time left.
So long. (Signed) ERNEST.
WITNESSES:
1. E. KGOPANE ) ) ) 2. J. MASHIFANE ) \ J ) These witnesses testified 3. P. MAKOLO ) ) that MHLABA. lived in the ) 4. R. MAKULA ) thatched roof room.
) 5. T. MAKENA. ) ) ) 6. F. M0H0HL0ANE )
7. S. SEPENG - MHLABA lived in the thatched roof room and also operated the roneo machine.
8. T. MASHIFANE - MHLABA lived in the thatched roof room and also spent his time in reading.
9. BENNET MA.SHIYA.NA - He knew MHLABA as a member of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS and was introduced to him, among others, by MGABELA as a member of the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND. He saw
MHLABA in the company of accused MBEKI and these two often came and addressed meetings at East London.
10. JOHN TSHINGANA. - On several occasions con veyed in his taxi MHLABA together with accused
MBEKI and others. On the occasion that he called for MANDELA and conveyed him to the house of - 81 -
Dr. Pather, MHLABA, as well as MBEKI accompanied
them In the car. In the evening of the 16th of
December, 1961, MHLABA, together with SILAS,
JOSEPH JACK and two umfaans from the Transkei and
MBAIHA came to him. They went by taxi to Rink
Street, Port Elizabeth. They stopped there, all
the passengers got out and returned shortly after
wards accompanied by a European named STRACHAN,
a co-conspirator. They were carrying cartons,
sugar pockets with sand and a plastic bag. The
cartons contained pipes with some black powder. All
these articles were put in the boot of the car.
STRACHAN went back and the other six got into his
car and he drove off. On the way MHLABA said that
the goods in the car was dangerous, that they got
it from STRACHAN and that it was bombs. They
stopped at a plantation, near Framsby, where SILAS
and the two umfaans got off, taking with them portion
of the goods. MHLABA's parting words to them
were "Work nicely" (See item 14 in Annexure "B ").
When they continued their journey MHLABA remarked "I hope they do good work there". He took the
remaining three passengers to the Labour Bureau
where he stopped the car and his passengers took
the remainder of the goods from the boot of the car.
He went home after MHLABA had said to him that he
was not to tell anyone what happened that evening.
He arrived home about 9 o'clock and he heard a noise
from the direction of the Labour Bureau which
sounded like a shot from a gun (See item 16 in
Annexure "B "); after MBEKI had paid him for the
transport he remarked that the "work was well done".
L - 82 -
On a subsequent occasion he again met MHLABA who said that the work had proceeded well and he was satisfied. On later occasions he conveyed MHLABA and MBEKI, as well as others, to further meetings of the Organisation.
H . ZIZI NTJIKELANA - During December I960 he attended a meeting of the A.N.C. at the house of
MHLABA in New Brighton at which MBEKI was also present.
At that meeting MHLABA also said that they must accept the new "MANDELA PLAN" and give it a trial for a period.
12. SIKUMBUZE NTJIKELANA. - He knew MHLABA who was a leader of the A.N.C. at Port Elizabeth.
13. PETER PEYESI - Among others he knew MHLABA who was one of the leaders of the A.N.C. in Port Elizabeth.
14. G. ERASMUS - Detective Warrant Officer. He took the finger prints of MHLABA, Exhibit JJJ.
15* J . VAN RENSBURG - Finger print expert. He found the finger prints of MHLABA on a cold drink bottle at Travallyn (See Exhibits GGG and HHH).
16. J .H .J . KENNEDY - Detective Warrant Officer. On the afternoon of the raid at Rivonia he found
MHLABA in the thatched roof room together with others.
The document "Operation Mayibuye" was lying open - 83 - on the table (see Exhibit R 71)• He searched
MHLABA and found on his person the two documents already referred to above, Exhibits R 183 and R 184*
17* O.J. DIRKER - MHLABA was a listed Communist.
ACCUSED NO. 9 - ELIAS MOTSOALEDI
WITNESSES:
1. ENGLISH TOLO MASHILONE - Herbalist who lived at the S.K. Building in Orlando. He knew MOTSOALEDI who was his cousin, as well as the accused ANDREW
MLANGENI. At the beginning of the rainy season in I960 MOTSOALEDI, in the company of SISULU, came to him advising him that the A.N.C. had been banned by the Government and sought his permission to hold meetings at his place. He agreed and they held meetings at his place. At one stage MOTSOALEDI asked him for work and he engaged him as a canvasser.
MOTSOALEDI said that he was "teaching people" and that there were four people running the Organisation.
He pointed out MLANGENI as the "big boss". At one stage a number of young Bantu were assembled at his building for - so he understood - schooling in Basutoland and Bechuanaland. MOTSOALEDI asked that they be temporarily housed there and that they would soon be leaving. In the winter of 1Q62 the first batch of about 30 young Bantu were assembled.
They were provided with food by MLANGENI and they were in due course taken away in two motor vehicles and a van. MOTSOALEDI was present, as well as MLANGENI. About three weeks later a second batch of young Bantu, also numbering about 30, were assembled at his house and again MOTSOALEDI and
MLANGENI were present when they left. One of the young Bantu m s ill and made a report to him whereupon he spoke to MOTSOALEDI who confirmed that these young Bantu were assembled at his house and being sent across the border to GHANA in order to train as soldiers, and that on the completion of their training they would return to South Africa in order to participate in the fight against the
Government in order to achieve their freedom. They would be fighting with arms and they would damage buildings and interrupt the supply of electricity; they would continue to do so until the "real war" came. About three weeks later a third batch of young Bantu were assembled at his house but there was no transport to take them away, whereupon he spoke to MOTSOALEDI and told him to remove them.
MOTSOALEDI pleaded with him and assured him that these young Bantu had passes. He further told him that if in the event of the Police coming to his premises he was to say that these young Natives were customers of his. They stayed there until the Friday of the following week, MOTSOALEDI provided them with food. It was round about this stage that MOTSOALEDI introduced MLANGENI to him as "our big boss". It was then that MLANGENI apologised for the long stay that these young Bantu - 85 - were making at the house, and asked him if he would continue to help until other suitable arrange ments were made. He did not agree. Some time during this association with MOTSOALEDI two letters, bearing an air mail stamp and a Cape post-mark, arrived at his house. As these letters were not addressed to him he returned them to the postal authorities. He then reported this to MOTSOALEDI who showed him a coded letter similar to Exhibit
R 7, and MOTSOALEDI read it, interpreting it and saying that this coded letter required him to meet a number of boys from the Cape at Canada Station
en route to their school for training. He continued
that according to this letter he was to get £300 or Rand in fifties. He asked him that should
similar letters arrive again he was not to return
them. He agreed to do so. About December 1962
or possibly January 1963 MOTSOALEDI arrived one
evening at about 7 o’ clock with a parcel which he
took to the garage at S.K. Buildings, enjoining him
that he was not to allow anyone else to enter the
garage, that he was not to handle the parcel nor
allow any fire to come anywhere near it. MOTSOALEDI
then left. Shortly afterwards MOTSOALEDI,
accompanied by MLANGENI and another, returned and
opened the parcel that had been left behind in
the garage. MOTSOALEDI then said the parcel
contained dynamite. The contents of this parcel was divided between MOTSOALEDI, MLANGENI and a
third Bantu and they walked towards the railway
line. The following Friday MOTSOALEDI reported - 86 -
to him that he had brought more dynamite, and left it in the garage. Later the same three divided the contents of the parcel and left. The following day MOTSOALEDI said that the dynamite was to be used in their fight against the White people and to enable them to blow up Government property such as post offices, factories and other places. On one occasion MOTSOALEDI brought three
4-gallon tins with some paint and painted the tins.
MOTSOALEDI indicated that dynamite were to be stored in those tins and buried beneath the groundo
Having done this MOTSOALEDI took away all these tins together with the parcel and indicated later that these had been buried about a mile away and that only the Committee knew of its location. At the same time MOTSOALEDI asked him to obtain some dynamite; in turn he asked one PAPI, in the presence of MOTSOALEDI, to obtain some dynamite for which he would be paid. He made this request to PAPI as he knew PAPI was working on the mines where dynamite was used and from whom he had ob tained dynamite before for the purpose of his business as a herbalist. The Sunday following PAPI brought five sticks and the following week another
5 sticks complete with detonators. For this quantity PAPI wanted £5, MOTSOALEDI said it was too much and gave him merely £2. One day MOTSOALEDI reported to him that the boys, referring to the
Spear of the Nation, had smashed up a Municipal electric building at Braamfontein (see item 82 of Annexure "B "). On a later occasion MOTSOALEDI - 87 - told him that he had some good news and told him that the office of "A big chief" had been bombed by the Spear of the Nation and showed him a photo of the bombed place (see item 84 of Annexure "B ").
A little later MOTSOALEDI showed him another paper and reported that a large building in Natal had been bombed and that the Europeans therein were lucky to be alive (see item 146 of Annexure "B ").
Round about the same time MOTSOALEDI reported that the "Pretoria Boys" were supposed to have bombed the Court in Pretoria wherein MANDELA had been convicted but that the attack was a failure
(see item 148 of Annexure "B" ). Finally, MOTSOALEDI had brought him on one occasion two vaseline bottles which contained a yellowish substance and asked him to place these bottles amongst his own bottles containing various herbs. MOTSOALEDI explained that the contents of these two bottles were used in the manufacture of incendiary bombs.
He pointed out Exhibit 9 as a tin of black paint
MOTSOALEDI had brought on to the premises and used for painting the 4-gallon tins, and also identified Exhibit 10 as being similar to the two tins MOTSOALEDI had painted. (Note: See
Exhibit R2, already dealt with above in Part I at pages 44 to 48 wherein the following appears on page
2 of the exhibits under paragraph 6 (page 18), the opening of which reads as follows:
"Our main charges have been dynamite or
gelignite which we have primed with aluminium. - 88 -
Our detonators contain fulminate of
mercury which is inserted in a cartridge
of cordex. We have also used a fuse
which has a core of black powder which
burns at a rate of 40 seconds to the foot.
We have obtained all these by raids on mines,
quarry magasines or purchased from workers
there").
2. A. JIMMIES - A trainee from Oape Town who, I 1 in accordance with instructions received from
NGUDLE, arrived in Johannesburg and went first to the Commercial Trading Company and thereafter taken to the MORABI HOTEL where they met other trainees who had come from Bloemfontein, Durban and Port
Eliazbeth. During their stay at this hotel
MOTSOALEDI arrived there, asked them If they had any complaints and told them that if questioned they were to say that they were members of a foot ball team. MOTSOALEDI conveyed them from their hotel to the double-storey house in Orlando, from where they left later in two Volkswagen Kombis and a motor van.
3. ISAAC RANI - Another trainee from Cape Town "0 * who accompanied Jantjies and corroborates what
Jantjies had said.
PIET COETZEE - A driver in the employ of .
Essop Suliman. He knew MOTSOALEDI and MLANGENI - 89 - who, among others he saw at the Lobatsi Conference.
On occasions he picked up young trainees at
Morabi Garage and at the S.K. building and conveyed them up to the Bechuanaland border. Among the passengers he came to know Jantnies and
Bambane
5. BRUNO MTOLO - After attending the SACTU
Conference in Johannesburg on the 12th of April,
1963, MLANGENI took him to the S.K. Building at
Orlando. MLANGENI then left but returned with
MOTSOALEDI who gave him certain notes and taught him how to make black powder, as well as en lightening him about thermite.
6. ABEL MTEMBU - Following upon his visit to
Rivonia HODGSON confirmed what SLOVO had there told him and added that MOTSOALEDI would be a member of the REGIONAL COMMAND at Johannesburg.
Also that he and MOTSOALEDI would be members of the Technical Committee. In all there were four meetings of the REGIONAL COMMAND which were attended by MOTSOALEDI. At the first it was decided, inter alia, that the location sabotage groups would work under MOTSOALEDI. At the second meeting MOTSOALEDI was present together with MLANGENI. At the third meeting MOTSOALEDI reported that his sections had surveyed possible targets for sabotage. It had been decided that the Pretoria Branch would deal with the Old
Synagogue and that the Alexandra Branch would - 90 - deal with the electric pylon in their area. At the fourth meeting MOTSOALEDI reported that the
Synagogue had been attacked but that it was not a success, and that the Alexandra group did not proceed with their proposed attack on the electric pylon. He knew MOTSOALEDI as a member of the
A.W.C. and that he stayed at the S.K, Building where he worked for the herbalist English Mashilone; in fact he had been there on an occasion when
MOTSOALEDI was present.
7* C.J. DIRKER - MOTSOALEDI was a listed
Communist and he heard him speak at A.N.C. meetings.
ACCUSED NO. 10 - ANDREW MLANGENI.
EXHIBIT MMM - is a note book,dealing with the
theory of radio, found in the possession of
MLANGENI. The book is freely illustrated with various sketches and diagrams and also contains
a detailed radio chart.
EXHIBIT TTT - is a Minister's Certificate issued
by the African Apostolic Faith Mission, purporting
to certify that the bearer thereof, ANDREW MOKETE,
of Johannesburg, has been duly appointed. Date
of issue is given as the 12th of April 1963.
EXHIBIT UUU - is a printed and detailed road map
of Southern Africa. - 91 -
EXHIBIT VVV - is a Soviet booklet entitled "The
Fifteen Soviet Republics, To-day and Tomorrow,
Lithuania. Wonderful Deeds".
EXHIBIT WWW - Another Soviet news booklet entitled
"SUEZ. The Soviet View".
EXHIBIT XXX - Is a re-print from "THE STAR" dated the 11th of January 1956. The re-print, inter alia, reports the following:
"Dr. Nhlapo's powerful leading article
on Communist infiltration into the African
National Congress was the cause of one of
'The World's’ representatives being ordered
to leave a recent meeting of Congress. All
other newspaper reporters, including foreign
correspondents, left in protest."
EXHIBIT YYY - Is a receipt in these terms :
"Received from Rev. ANDREW MOKETE the
sum of R500-00 (Five Hundred Rand) being
the purchase price of a Taunus motor car,
I960 model, as it stands (N.D. 71093)•
Dated at Durban this 15th of June, 1963«"
It bears a stamp which is cancelled and signed by
"G. Nalcker". (NAICKER is a co-conspirator, whilst the motor vehicle referred to was found at
Rivonia and is shown in Exhibit " B " , photo No. 34»
EXHIBIT ZZZ - Is a five-page pamphlet dated
March 1961 being a"Bulletin of the South African - 92 -
Society for Peace and Friendship with the Soviet
Union".
EXHIBIT AB - Is a diary which contains various notes including the names of H. WOLPE and J. SLOVO both co-conspirators, together with their telephone numbers.
EXHIBIT AC - Is a reference book issued to
MLANGENI where, on the last page, his photo appears and his name given as MOKETE ANDREW MLANGENI.
WITNESSES:
1. ENGLISH TOLO MASHILONE - The accused
MOTSOALEDI introduced him to MLANGENI as "The big boss" who was in charge of the committee charged with the task of recruiting young Bantu for education across the border. MLANGENI’ s association with MOTSOALEDI in the assembly of the Trainees at Morabi Hotel and the S.K.
Building, as well as their transport across the border, has been dealt with above at pages 83-85. Likewise, his association with the storage of dynamite in the garage attached to the S.K. Buildin and the eventual burying of the dynamite in the black painted tins a short distance away. On the occasion that MOTSOALEDI introduced MLANGENI to him as "The big boss" he questioned MLANGENI and asked him what his name was, whereupon MLANGENI replied: "I have been introduced already. Leave it at that". - 93 - Vfr* 2. ESSOP SULIMAN - He knew MLANGENI, having met him in the office of SISULU at Macosa House,
Johannesburg. His transport was used for the conveyance of about ten batches of trainees from
Johannesburg to across the border. With regard to the third batch, some time during September jq
October of 1962, he met MLANGENI at the Morabi
Garage and then proceeded to pick up twenty trainees at a house near the Morabi Hotel; these were conveyed to the border, MLANGENI travelling separately in a Zephyr motor car. MLANGENI told I him that the trainees were being sent across the border to be trained as soldiers in Kenya and
Tanganyika. MLANGENI cautioned the trainees that should they be stopped by the Police before reaching Zeerust they were to say that they were on their way to play a football match, but in the event of their being questioned after leaving
Zeerust they were to say that they were on their way to attend a wedding or a funeral. With regard to the fourth batch, some time during
October to November 1962, he proceeded to the
Morabi Garage in order to pick up MLANGENI. They then proceeded to S.K. Building where they picked up about twenty trainees who were taken to the border. MLANGENI accompanied them across the border. With regard to the ninth batch it was
MLANGENI and MBATHA who requisitioned for two
Volkswagen Kombis for transport purposes. Twenty-one trainees were conveyed on this occasion when
MBATHA gave MLANGENI a number of reference books - 94 - and a passenger list, adding that an aeroplane was waiting at Francis town to convey these soldiers to Kenya and Tanganyika. Finally, with regard to the tenth batch it was again
MLANGENI and MBATHA. who arranged for two Volks wagen Kombis for similar transport of trainees.
It was on this occasion that the convoy was
intercepted before reaching the border.
Further, in regard to the transport of
trainees from the Morabi Hotel and S.K. Building
to the border, see the evidence of Piet Coetzee
above at pages 88-89* ___ — ——
3. BRUNO MT010 - On the occasion that he came
to Johannesburg by train, travelling in the
name of T. ZULU, he stayed at the house of LEVY
SILORO, The following day MLANGENI arrived
there together with Abel Mtembu. That was the
first occasion he met MLANGENI whose aliases '
were PERCY and ROBOT. Thereafter MLANGENI took
him to the S.K. Building in Orlando, MLANGENI
left and returned shortly thereafter with
MOTSOALEDI on the occasion when the latter taught
him how to make black powder and enlightened him
about thermite. MLANGENI gave him £5 wherewith
to return to Durban and to report back to the
NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND. On his return he found
that their command now had the use of a Taunus
van which he identified in Exhibit "B ", photo
No. 34. BILLY NAIR, a co-conspirator, reported
that the van came from the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND
in Johannesburg. On a latter occasion when - 95 -
BILLY M IR showed him a coded letter similar
to Exhibit R 7 prior to his departure for
Germiston on the 30th of May, 1963, MLANGENI
arrived in Durban saying that he had been sent by
the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND to discuss with the
NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND the proposed visit of
Chief Sebata to Natal. It was on that occasion
that he told MLANGENI about the complaints of
their REGIONAL COMMAND and asked him to convey
them to the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND. On the same
occasion MLANGENI reported that they could "swop"
dynamite for a surplus of detonators (in the
region of 1000) which Port Elizabeth had on hand.
MLANGENI also reported that the NATIONAL HIGH
COMMAND required a further eight recruits from __—------Natal who were to de-train at Germiston on a
specified date, the leader of whom must be
furnished with an umbrella and that the pass word
to be used would be "MANZl".
4. ABEL MTEMBU - At the second meeting of the
REGIONAL COMMAND, Johannesburg, MLANGENI attended,
in addition to MOTSOALEDI, and HODGSON Introduced
MLANGENI as the Transport Officer. MLANGENI
had a Peugeot motor car. On the occasion when
he had met Bruno for the first time MLANGENI
reported that there was a SACTU man from Durban
at Siloro’ s house who said that he had orders
from the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND to come to Johannes
burg for training in explosives. It was left to
MLANGENI to confirm whether this was so, and
in due course he reported back that Bruno was
all-right. - 96 -
5« JIM MUGUBOYA. - Minister of the Apostolic
Faith Mission with the power, inter alia, to appoint ministers to whom certificates are issued.
He did not authorise the issue of Exhibit TTT in the name of ANDREW MOKETE, bearing his address but not his hand-writing.
6. R .P . MO NO NY A. HE - The previous witness is his Minister. He placed an order for six copies of Appointment Certificates similar to Exhibit TTT.
The hand-writing on Exhibit TTT is his, except for the words "Rev. Muguboya". The name ANDREW
MOKETE is that of MLANGENI who asked him to issue
Exhibit TTT in his favour as he, MLANGENI, had difficulty In obtaining the necessary permits in order to travel around freely. He illegally furnished MLANGENI with Exhibit TTT; this was during May to June 1963 despite the date 12th of April, 1963, which appears on the exhibit. He knew MHLANGENI personally, also that he was a reporter for the "NEW AGE" newspaper.
7• J. IMPSON - A Municipal official in charge of the registration records of motor vehicles in Durban. Motor vehicle N.D. 71093 is a Taunus motor van registered in the name of GOVINDSAMY
NA.ICKER on the 6th of March, 1963.
8. J . BODENSTEIN - Detective Warrant Officer stationed at Pretoria. On the 25th of June, 1963, - 97 - he searched the house of MLANGENI in his presence and found all the exhibits detailed above (pages
90 to 92).
9. P.A. FERREIRA - Detective Warrant Officer stationed at Pretoria. He questioned MLANGENI with regard to Exhibit YYY which had been found at his house. MLANGENI explained that this receipt, in respect of the Taunus motor vehicle, was given to him by NAICKER to enable him to drive the car from Durban to Johannesburg without difficulty in case he should be stopped en route.
10. P .J .J . VAN VUUREN - At 12.15 a.m. on the 24th of April, 1963, he stopped a Peugeot motor car
T.J. 137-423 proceeding in the direction of
Johannesburg. There were two Bantu in the car, one MBATHA and the other MOKETE ANDREW MLANGENI - according to his reference book bearing his personal number "P .N ., 261706". He was told that they had come from Lobatsi.
11. FRANK M0H0HL0ANE - MHLANGENI visited the thatched roof room at Rivonia.
12. J .H .J . KENNEDY - Abel Mtembu pointed out
MLANGENI's house. (Abel Mtembu also said so.)
13. C.J. DIRKER - He knew MLANGENI since 1954.
He saw him at meetings of the A.N.O. which he also addressed. - 98 -
B. CO-CONSPIRATORS (ALSO ALLEGED TO BE
MEMBERS OF THE NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND) .
1. ARTHUR JOSEPH GOLDREIOH.
EXHIBIT R 1 - A document headed "Carrying out orders"
EXHIBIT R 2 - Two documents, one typed, the other hand-written, found in blue envelope.
EXHIBIT R 3 - A book dealing with Demolition and the Theory of Explosives.
EXHIBIT R 4 ~ A document entitled "First Discussions
C. LEE, Ministry of Defence, China".
EXHIBIT R 5 - A. document entitled "Strategic Problems of Guerilla Warfare".
EXHIBIT R 8 - A document headed "Report to Housing
Committee.
EXHIBIT R 9 - A. document dealing with various subject matters under the heads of "Specialists",
"Technical" and "intelligence".
EXHIBIT R 27 - A statement with supporting invoice from the BRYANSTON PLUMBING.
EXHIBIT R 35 - A document detailing radio
equipment required from the United Kingdom. - 99 -
EXHIBIT R 41 - A document entitled "Liability for
Training in Service and the Composition and
Organisation of the South African Defence Force and Reserve".
EXHIBIT R 42 - A document entitled "Method of
Operation of a cupola".
EXHIBIT R 45 - A document entitled "Cupola Design
Requirements".
EXHIBIT R 44 - A typed copy of the South African
Defence Act with amendments and additions.
EXHIBIT R 45 - A document entitled "Production Requirements".
EXHIBIT R 46 - A document entitled "Outlines of
Syllabus for a brief course on the Training of
Organisers".
The above-mentioned exhibits are either in the hand-writing of GOLDREICH or found in his motor car at Rivonia on the day of the Police raid. These exhibits have all been fully dealt with above.
EXHIBIT R 195 - This exhibit consists of sections of aluminium piping found in GOLDREIOH’ s car.
(tLs—d EXHIBIT T 2 - This exhibit contains a series of sketches of hand grenade and land mines.
——4r~~~ ^ ^ t~ * 100 -
EXHIBIT M 1 ) ^re two brandy bottles found at \ Mountain View from which the finger- EXHIBIT M 2 { * “ ' prints of GOLDREICH were uplifted.
EXHIBIT M 5 - This is a "Kenna Instant Coffee"
tin, likewise found at Mountain View, from which
the finger-print of GOLDREICH was uplifted.
WITNESSES :
The Bantu staff employed by GOLDREICH at
Rivonia testified that on various occasions GOLDREICH
visited the occupants In the thatched roof room of
the out-buildings and that he assisted in the
ft erection of the aerial, mast and poles in connection
with the radio. In addition Thomas Mashifane
testified, firstly, that he made the new road
leading from behind the out-buildings to the main
road. Secondly, that on the instructions of
GOLDREICH he removed typewriters and documents
^7 from the main house and placed them in the coal shed where they were found; and finally, that on
an occasion he saw GOLDREICH, together with MANDELA,
* practising target shooting. - - •
Abel Mtembu also saw GOLDREICH in the thatched
roof room, whilst Bruno Mtolo, during his stay
at Rivonia, asked GOLDREICH,who came to the thatched
roof room, the technical name for saltpetre.
GOLDREICH went to the house to find out and oame
hack to the thatched roof room with the required
information. GOLDREICH thereafter left for Port
Elizabeth. - 101 -
The witness Veringa testified that he knew
GOLDREICH as the owner of the Austin, van with regard to which he effected certain repairs*
With regard to the Reserve Bank notes found in a concealed safe in the studio of the main house at Rivonia, as shown in Exhibit nB", Photo No. 6, and with regard to which GOLDREIOH disclaimed all knowledge, the witness Venn, from the Note Depart ment of the Reserve Bank, testified that 13 of those notes were received by his bank after August
1961 and a further 11 notes after December 1961 (see
Exhibit AM). The Rivonia property was purchased in July 1961 and GOLDREICH moved in in December of the same year.
At Mountain View the Police testified that they found, inter alia, a quantity of black material (Exhibit M 18), a coat identified as that of GOLDREICH (Exhibit M 15), a MANDELA button
(Exhibit M 25) which was found on the afore mentioned coat and also the two brandy bottles
(Exhibits M 1 and M 2) and the coffee tin (Exhibit
M 5) from which the finger-prints of GOLDREICH were uplifted.
The witness T.E. Truter, a pilot for a private aircraft company, testified that he flew out GOLDREICH and WOLPE dressed as priests in black clerical garb. - 102 -
2. HAROLD WOLPE.
EXHIBIT R 1 - A document headed "Carrying out
Orders". (The first three pages of this document
are in the hand'writing of WOLPE).
EXHIBIT R 91 - A file detailing a survey of the
Rustenburg area.
EXHIBIT R 186 - A note book containing various names,
EXHIBIT R 199 - A note book headed "Plan of
Investigation" and detailing a survey of the
Transkeian territories.
EXHIBIT R 200 - A document dealing with the acquisition of maps and the costs involved therein.
EXHIBIT R 201 - A document dealing with the acquisition of various newspapers, periodicals and booklets, as well as the costs Involved therein.
EXHIBIT M 1 - A brandy bottle.
EXHIBIT M 5 - A wine glass.
EXHIBIT M 4 - A bottle containing condensed milk.
EXHIBIT M 6 - A Nescafe tin.
The above-mentioned exhibits,are in the hand- ~'iA writing of WOLPE and were found at Rivonia. - 103 -
WITNESSES:
HAROLD WOLPE, a listed Communist, was a
junior partner in the firm of JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS and was visited at his office by various accused and co-conspirators named in the indictment. On
occasions meetings were held in secrecy in Makda's
office with the Venetian blinds drawn. With regard
to the purchase of the Rivonia property he initially
drew the necessary documents in connection with
the formation of NAVIAN (PTY.) LTD., a company which was shown as the purchaser of Rivonia. In
these documents he originally showed himself as a
co-Director with EZRA. He even asked Penn, who was the auditor for JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS, to
act as Public Offioer for NAVIAN (PTY.) LTD. He
signed a number of cheques in connection with the purchase of Rivonia and through Makda sent to Sep&l
an amount of R5000-00 in cash, being the first yearly instalment due on the Rivonia property.
A witness named Minnaar testified that about
March 1963 he was in a car driven by GOLDREICH.
GOLDREICH stopped outside a shop in Orange Grove where WOLPE, assisted by GOLDREICH, put what
appeared to be a very heavy parcel in the boot of
the car. He saw the word "Hallicrafter" on the parcel. They continued by car and on the Bar-B-Que
Road they dropped WOLPE in the open veld at a
gate together with the parcel. Continuing the
journey he questioned GOLDREICH about this incident
but received no satisfactory answer. - 104 -
The finger print expert, Rautenbach, examined the tin, Exhibit R 188, which was found In the fourth room at Rivonia alongside the roneo machine.
He uplifted from the tin the finger print of WOLPE,
The finger print of WOLPE was uplifted from
Exhibits Ml, M3, M4 and M6 which were found at
Mountain View and which are listed above.
See further the evidence of Truter above
at page 101.
0. THE OTHER 00-00ASPIRATORS.
1. VIVIAN EZRA - He participated in,and lent
his name to, the purchase of the property at
Rivonia which was leased to GOLDREICH (see
Exhibits "0" , "P" , "AK" , "AL" , "CK", UCU", "K24" ,
"K25\ "K26", "K81" .)
2. JULIUS FIRST - He arranged for the finance
in connection with the purchase of the property at
Rivonia (see Exhibits "G" , "K40", r,K4l", "K6l and
"K 85").
3. MICHAEL HARMEL - He was a listed Communist
and initiated tha negotiations that led to the
purchase of the Rivonia property, for which purpose
he assumed the name of JACOBSON. He also employed
V. Jelliman to act as care-taker for the Rivonia
property for the month of October 1961 to - 105 -
January 1962 and paid his salary for the greater
part (See e.g. Exhibit "Aj"). The Installation
of the bath and hot water system* as well as the
stove at Rivonia was done on his instructions
by the witness Gaitz.
[C /4 z -fute&vK*. 4* BOB ALEXANDER HEPPLE - Admitted to Lieutenant
3 \ Swanepoel that he was a Communist and a member of the A ' * A'D „ Communist Party. Some of the Bantu staff at
Rivonia testified that he was a frequent visitor
there and in fact on the afternoon of the Police
raid on Rivonia he was found in the thatched roof
room, on the table of which "Operation May!buye",
R 71, was lying open. He divulged to the Police
the existence of the cottage at Mountain View - the
hiding-place of GOLDREICH and WOLPE - and also
took the Police there and pointed out the premises.
(See also Exhibits "DH" and "DJ", two copies of
"The Assegai" under cover of "Oliver Twist" and
"Short Detective Stories" which were addressed to
him, and from the post-mark were posted from
Milano.
5. PEROY JOHN (JACK) HODGSON - He is a listed
Communist. He took Bruno to his flat in Johannes
burg where he gave him a pamphlet dealing with
dynamite and asked him to study it and thereafter
instructed him in the use of dynamite. He con
firmed what SLOVO had told Abel Mtembu that the
"M .K ." had been formed with a view to commit
sabotage. HODGSON further advised Mtembu that
he was the Chairman of the REGIONAL COMMAND at - 106 -
Johannesburg and that Mtembu would be on the
Technical Committee. HODGSON attended four meetings of the REGIONAL COMMAND at which Mtembu was present. He also acted as the contact between the
REGIONAL COMMAND at Johannesburg and the NATIONAL
HIGH COMMAND. It was HODGSON with whom the accused
MLANGENI checked to ascertain whether Bruno,who had arrived from Natal, was a spy or not. When
HODGSON was placed under house arrest he told
Mtembu that he had to go to the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND in order to receive a message. On one occasion he also told Mtembu that the material required for
the various acts of sabotage had already been
obtained and advised him where further material
could be obtained. He Introduced MLANGENI to
Mtembu as the Transport Officer. According to
the trainees from Cape Town, Jantjies and Rani,
NGUDLE gave them both the name and address of
HODGSON whom they had to contact on their arrival
in Johannesburg. HODGSON frequently visited
WOLPE in the office of JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS.
6. RONALD (RONNIE) KASRILS - According to Bruno
Mtolo he was a member of the NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND
and fully participated in all its activities.
7« MOSES KOTANE - According to Warrant Officer
Dirker KOTANE was the Secretary of the Communist
Party and is a listed Communist* He is also a
member of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS (see
further Exhibit PPP). - 107 -
8. ARTHUR LETELE - The witness Kleynhans, sub-Accountant, Netherlands Bank, Johannesburg, testified that a cheque for R8000-00, drawn on the account of A. LETELE at Maseru, was received and paid over to the firm of JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS.
(See also Exhibit T 22).
9* TENNYSON MAKIWANE - According to Warrant
Officer Dirker MAKIWANE was a member of the AFRICAN
NATIONAL CONGRESS and in fact the two trainees from
Cape Town, Jantjies and Rani, when they went beyond the borders of South Africa for training they met MAKIWANE at the offices of the A.N.C. In
Dar-es-Saiaam. ( See also Exhibit PPP).
10. JOHN JOSEPH MARKS - He was a listed Communist and visited WOLPE at the offices of JAMES KANTOR
& PARTNERS.
11. JOHANNES (JOE) MOLISE - According to Warrant
Officer Dirker and Mtembu, MODISE was a member of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS. On two occasions he took Mtembu to the headquarters of the NATIONAL
HIGH COMMAND at Rivonia where he had discussions with SLOVO and HODGSON as already indicated above.
According to Bruno Mtolo, MODISE visited the
REGIONAL COMMAND at Naidoo's house in Natal and on one occasion took some cartons of dynamite to Johannesburg. Finally, according to the evidence of Jantjies, Rani, Sullman and Coetzee,
MODISE participated in the transport of the - 108 -
trainees from their assembly points in Johannesburg to Lobatsi.
1 2 * GEORGE NAICKER - According to Bruno NAICKER assisted in the theft of cartons of dynamite which was taken to his home where it was stored in a garage; a fan was provided to keep it at an even temperature. On an occasion he received funds from G. NAICKER to cover his expenses when he was required to visit the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND at
Rivonia.
13* BILLY NAIR - According to the evidence of
Bruno Mtolo he was the Deputy Captain of the NATAL
REGIONAL COMMAND in charge of correspondence with the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND. He participated in the activities of the NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND. It was NAIR who reported the acquisition of a Taunus van for use by the NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND. This van was made available by the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND.
Finally, it was NAIR who advised Bruno Mtolo that he had to go to the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND for which he (NAIR) made the necessary arrangements and at the same time gave Bruno a coded letter for transmission to the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND.
14. LOOKSMART SA.ULWANDLE NGUDLE - He was, according to the evidence, Comrade Sergeant at the Mamre
Camp where he also acted as interpreter for the accused GOLDBERG and, in the absence of GOLDBERG, gave instructions to the "campers". Jantjies - 109 -
and Rani testified that before leaving Cape Town for training across the border they received final instructions from NGUDLE to contact HODGSON in
Johannesburg. Police officers van Zyl and van Wyk testified to seeing NGUDLE in the company of
GOLDBERG under suspicious circumstances. Van Wyk recovered from the pocket of LOOKSMART-'s jacket
Exhibit BN, a piece of paper demarcating thereon the position of certain railway signals outside
Kenilworth Station. Warrant Officer Ferreira testified to finding a number of articles in the house of NGUDLE which he claimed as his. Firstly, a number of pamphlets advocating incitement. With regard to these NGUDLE admitted that he had dis tributed them. He also found a typewriter and finally a paper bag containing a roll of toilet paper, a bottle of vaseline, a number of plastic bags, a bag containing charcoal, Potassium Nitrate,
Flowers of Sulphur, icing sugar, an eye-dropper, one pistol and a number of hack-saw blades. There after NGUDLE pointed out to him the place where the roneo machine was kept and there too the witness found a hack-saw. Finally, according to the witness
Caswell, NGUDLE had enjoined those who were under his command at the camp that if ever they were apprehended and questioned by the Police, rather than give any information to the Police they were to commit suicide.
15* PHILEMON DUMA NOKWE - According to Makda
NOKWE visited WOLPE in the offices of JAMES KANTOR - 110 -
& PARTNERS. Suliman testified that NOKWE engaged
him for the transport of trainees from Johannes
burg to lobatsi. Weideman, a warder at the Port,
said that on the 31st of January, 1962, NOKWE,
accompanied by SISULU, arrived at the Port in order
yJ "k° see P^ian Somane and Benjamin Ramotse, both --- members of the A.N.C. Ramotsi had been injured in
the course of an act of sabotage committed on the
16th of December, 1961 (See item 19 in Annexure "B"), U\ (See also ExhlMt ppp and R 198> Tbe i atter is a
& ./■)' six-page document in the hand-writing of NOKWE 4 I V entitled "Plans for the Second Phase of the
Campaign"). Warrant Officer Dirker testified
that NOKWE was the Secretary-General of the AFRICAN
NATIONAlCONGRESS.
16. JAMES JOBE RADEBE - The two trainees from
Cape Town, Jantjies and Rani, testified to having
met RADEBE at the same time that they met TENNYSON
MAKIWANE at the offices of the A.N.C. in Dar-es-
Salaam. See also Exhibit PPP and also Exhibit T 59 which is a copy of a letter addressed by
RADEBE to "Dear Mzwai" of which the second paragraph
reads: "You will most probably get the details
about the Conference from him. I here only want
to deal with a few matters which I believe need
our (A.N.C.) attention as soon as we can". Whilst
a portion of the final paragraph reads as follows:
"Further, the first Deputy of the Ministry of
Foreign Affairs whom I met to discuss the situation
at home, partly at his request and partly at my - Ill -
desire, spoke favourably about assisting us/A.N.C. politically in matters such as opening an office
and training like they did for the Algerians and
Tunisians".
17* ROBERT RESHA - According to Warrant Officer
Dirker RESHA was the chief volunteer of the AFRICAN
NATIONAL CONGRESS and the Youth League (See also
Exhibit PPP)*
18. JOSEPH (JOE) SLOVO - A listed Communist.
According to Jelliman SLOVO visited Rivonia whilst
he was care-taker during the period October 1961
to January 1962* According to two Bantu servants
at Rivonia SLOVO visited the occupants of the
thatched roof room. Bruno testified that on the
occasion of one of his visits to Johannesburg
he was advised that if he were not met at the
station he was to contact SLOVO - this In fact he
did, whereupon SLOVO arranged for him to be
accommodated that night at the house of Levy Siloro.
The trainee from Cape Town, Rant, was also told
by NGUDLE that if, on arrival in Johannesburg, he
were to find himself in trouble he was to get In
touch with SLOVO. According to Abel Mtembu, on
the occasion of his first visit to Rivonia, SLOVO
informed him that the "M .K." had been formed for
the purpose of committing acts of sabotage; he
further advised him that this was a decision taken
by the Executive of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS
and the CONGRESS ALLIANCE, and that President
Luthuli had agreed thereto. He was then advised - 112 - that the struggle had already gone through Its first phase and that the second phase of sabotage had now been reached. It was SLOVO too who Informed him that he (Mtembu) would be a member of the
Johannesburg REGIONAL COMMAND together with the accused MOTSOALEDI under the Chairmanship of
HODGSON.
19. HAROLD STRACHAN - According to Bruno Mtolo, and following a report received, STRACHAN arrived at Natal and attended a meeting of their REGIONAL
COMMAND. He said that the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS had now decided on a policy of violence involving, if necessary, even the spilling of blood. That he would teach them how to make weapons; that we must follow the policy of the A.N.C., recruit men for
the military branch and establish cells. They
should also study how the Chinese and Cuban
Communists fought for the time would come when they would have Guerilla warfare followed by a wholesale war. He enjoined them to steal Government arms and ammunition, as well as dynamite and chemicals for the manufacture of bombs. According to STRACHAN
they had to start on the 16th of December 1961, a date which was fixed by the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND at Rivonia, for the commencement of the second
stage of sabotage throughout South Africa. At the request of STRACHAN he built a timing device with an alarm clock and showed it to STRACHAN at the next meeting of the NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND.
STRACHAN, commenting thereon, said that it was not - 113 -
self-destructive and too expensive. STRACHAN then
told them how to make petrol bombs,of which
Exhibit 1 Is a sample, a dry-charge bomb and a
Molotov Cocktail. STRACHAN finally said that
they were to address one another as "Comrade"
followed by the particular rank of the individual
addressed. He then left for Port Elizabeth in
order to teach others in the manufacture of
explosives. On the evening of the 16th of December,
1961, and at Port Elizabeth, the accused MHLABA,
together with five others, went in the 6ar of
John Tshingana to Rink Street where all six alighted
and returned shortly afterwards In the company of
STRACHAN carrying a carton, sugar pockets and a
plastic bag which they put in the boot of the car.
STRACHAN then returned and John Tshingana and his
passengers continued on their journey. Whilst
travelling Tshingana learnt that the contents placed
in the boot was explosives for use in acts of
sabotage which were then committed (see items
14 and 16 of Annexure " B ").
The witness named Leviton testified that
he rented a garage to one H. STRACHAN of Port
Elizabeth during November 1961. STRACHAN said
he wanted to build a trailer and for that purpose
required an electric light. He ma de the garage
available to STRACHAN In an absolutely clean
condition. Later the Police arrived at the garage
where they found a box marked "STRACHAN, Umbllo
Road, Durban" and the words "Handle with care".
They saw white dust and sand on the floor. This - 114 - garage was approximately 700 yards from Rink Street
This witness in due course testified against
STRACHAN who was charged for being in possession of explosives. STRACHAN was convicted.
Lieutenant A.J. Kruger of the Police testified that one of the umfaans from the Transkei,named
Dukade, pointed out the garage referred to above where the box with STRACHAN’ s name was found. He also found traces of Potassium Permanganate and silver powder in the garage.
20. OLIVER TAMBO - According to the two trainees from Cape Town, Jantjies and Rani, OLIVER TAMBO was seen at Dar-es-Salaam at the same time that they saw TENNISON MAKIWANE and ROBERT RESHA at the offices of the A.N.C. Dar-es-Salaam.
The witnesses Norman Dondashe and Peter
Peyesi testified to having seen OLIVER TAMBO at the Lobatsi Conference where he spoke,advocating
that young Bantu should be sent beyond the borders of South Africa in order to learn to defend
themselves and to handle guns so that they could return in due course to South Africa and par
ticipate in the fight against the Government in
order to achieve their freedom. TAMBO also
mentioned the opening of offices of the A.N.C. in
African States to facilitate the training of these
Bantu and finally spoke about assistance that was
being obtained from the other African States.
According to Warrant Officer Dirker OLIVER - 1X5 -
TAMBO was a member of the A.N.C. and was variously-
referred to as "0", "OR" and "ORT". See Exhibits
R13» R16 and R17» according to which TAMBO
accompanied MANDELA on his tour of the African
States and also refers to the appointment of
TAMBO to the Co-ordinating Freedom Council. See
too Exhibit R48 where NELSON MANDELA writes,
during April 1962, that "Communications in
connection with matters raised in this letter
may be addressed to The Deputy President of the
A *N .C ., Mr. O.R. TAMBO, 9(a) Cholmeley, London N.C."
In Exhibit R2l6,a letter addressed by "0"
to "BAWOZALA", appears the following paragraph:
"You should by now have received a report
that while in the States, I raised a total
of 3900 Dollars (£1480 approximately), all
to be used for intensifying, expanding and
consolidating the campaign to show the
highest degree of success. Of this amount,
£500 has been delivered to Arthur, and
approximately £980 ( the equivalent of
2500 Dollars) should by now be in possession
of the old man, Dr. Arthur Blaxall. See
him immediately. I am writing to him, as
per copy enclosed herewith."
See further a series of letters which were
found at Travallyn, namely, Exhibits T16, T17*
T22, T23, T25, T26 and T28. Finally see
Exhibits T35 and PPP.
21. BENJAMIN TUROK - According to Detective
I - 116 -
Warrant Officer Dirker TUROK was a member of the
CONGRESS OP DEMOCRATS, and according to Lieutenant van Wyk TUROK was charged and convicted In respect of Item 35 of Annexure ,1B" .
22. CECIL GEORGE WILLIAMS - According to Makda
WILLIAMS visited WOLPE in the offices of JAMES
KANTOR & PARTNERS.
According to Detective-Sergeant Vorster he stopped a motor car at Howlck on the 5th of August
1962. The driver was WILLIAMS and his passenger was accused MANDELA, who was dressed as a chauffeur.
See further Exhibit K99» a telegram sent by
WILLIAMS from Lobatsi to his sister Mrs. Gowlett, and Exhibit K100, a letter from C. WILLIAMS addressed from overseas to his sister again in connection with an amount of RIO,000-00 which had to be paid in to the firm of JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS.
23. THE SOUTH AFRICAN COMMUNIST PARTY - See above,
PART I , pages '118 to 129.
24. THE AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS - See above,
PART I , pages 108 to 118.
25. UMK0NT0 WE SIZWE - See above, PART I, pages 129 to 147. -117 -
5 • THE IMPLEMENTATION OF THE AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE CONSPIRACY.
THE ACQUISITION OF SUITABLY SECLUDED PREMISES.
EXHIBIT_R 8 - This is a four-page typed document.
On the reverse of the last page appears certain details in the hand-writing of GOLDREICH. The first two pages, under the heading of "REPORT TO
HOUSING COMMITTEE" read as follows:
"l. General.
(.i) The accommodation should be
secluded.
(it) There must be sufficient living
and working space.
(iii) The proposed aocommodation must
be such that it will be of such
a nature that it will provide
a legitimate "cover", e.g. a
farm must be capable of being
farmed; a workshop in an in
dustrial area nust give the out
ward appearance of being a work
shop .
2. Cover.
This is an enlargement of l ( i i i ) .
Consider the case of a farm : In this
instance it is necessary that the occupant
(tenant or purchaser) should be allowed - 118 -
time to establish his prescence in the
district and the bona fide nature of his occupancy i.e. farming. This can be done
in the writer's opinion in a matter of weeks* Only sufficient time is required to accustom
the police to the fact that lights show at night and that activity is apparent during
the daytime. There exists in these commencing days a strong possibility of visits by the police for the purpose of"getting acquainted". For our purpose it is necessary to have labour available at the farm. With strictness of the application of the Pass
Laws it is necessary that "employees" be in possession of all the correct documents. This latter point is of critical importance in
the initial stages when visits from Peri urban inspectors is extremely likely.
From Information gleaned it appears that poultry farming is the simplest farming cover
to establish. It justifies the erection of additional shed space and the existence of labour on the farm. At the same time the nature of the operation is such that it does not fully occupy the time of the "employees"*
This of course pre-supposes that all the labour will be provided by "our people".
This latter point is fundamental to the success of the under cover operation. No
"outsiders" can be permitted on the premises.
Until the existence of the establishment - 119 -
Is taken for granted by the authorities and possible neighbours (remote though they be) it cannot and must not be used for any purpose other than that for which it was originally intended; Manufacture and research under the cover of farming. For use as a"hidey- hole" for those on the run and as a training establishment sufficient time will, have to be allowed for the "cover" to become accepted.
No statement of the time required for this can be made. Quite clearly it will vary from area to area and also from time to time in the overall sense. Once the operation has been set in motion and occupation taken, the occupants will be able to decide when the possibilities of visits by the authorities have reached a sufficiently low level for the full use of the establishment to be made.
With the operation of a farm as a farm a difficulty is encountered in the disposal of the produce. Two alternatives exist, (i) normal commercial operation be carried on.
The produce to be sold to retail undertakings, with the commensurate establishment of trails for the Revenue Department to follow up. A1 ternatively, a roadside stall can be established
The problem of Taxes arises, (ii) No attempt to dispose of the produce through commercial channels. In this case the personnel of the establishment will eat eggs and poultry until they look like fowls themselves. Even - 120 -
this will be inadequate to dispose of the
produce of the labour force envisaged.
Therefore there will be a case for
distribution of produce, either free or
at low prices to members of the outfit
as a whole. In both cases of the second
alternative no records will be kept or
be traceable.
For the reasons given it appears
that non commercial operation be carried
on. it least a superficial "cover" will
exi st.
3. Juration. It is the writer* s opinion that an
establishment such as that described,
should not be considered as permanent, it the outset an initial time limit should
be set, naturally subject to variation -
both longer and shorter, it this stage
it is suggested that this operation be
set in motion as soon as possible and to
be established for a period of seven
months, to be reviewed regularly in the
light of changing circumstances.
4. Establishment.
a. i suitable farm has been found, lacking
only in sufficient accommodation for
farm labour. There is however sleeping
accommodation for four to six men.
b. The main house is large with numerous - 121 -
rooms which can be used as dormitories
if it is found necessary. (in terms of
"cover", however, the use of the house
in the initial stages as sleeping accommo
dation by the farm labour is undesirable.
This alone could destroy the cover which
in any case could stand up only to super
ficial scrutiny.). c. An adequate water supply from a natural
spring is available. The water being
transferred to a high level storage darn
of 5>500 gallons capacity. Pumping is
by means of a petrol motor driven pump. d. Electricity is at present supplied to the
house by means of a 2.8 kw petrol driven
lighting set. If desired, an additional
set Is Immediately available second hand
at a cost of R300, If it is left too
long a new set may have to be purchased
at a cost of R730. e. Cooking is by means of Butane (Hand!-)
gas, two 100 lb cylinders being part
of the equipment.
This is quite suitable as the existence
of a gas supply is of obvious use in
manufacturing operations, f . The house and outbuildings are completely
unfurnished except for a stove, hence
all furniture requirements will have to be met. - 122 -
(.An appendix will be given listing the
requirements) g. Farming set-up. No poultry farming
equipment exists, on the property, nor
is there adequate accommodation for it.
The necessary shed space could be » provided at a cost of 50c per square foot using second hand materials. One,
possibly two sheds 30' x 20' would be
required at a cost of R300 each.
No information at present available as
to the cost of poultry "batteries", but
a minimum would be of the order of R600. h. Workshop. The size of the lighting plant
limits the size of the motors of power
driven tools to 1 H.P. This is adequate
for the driving of a wood turning lathe
and tools such as can be driven from a
I" or i" electric drill.
(See appendix for tools required) i. Transport. It is suggested that a vehicle
such as a £ ton or 1 ton bakkie be
purchased. Firstly to enable the personnel
to carry out all their own transport
requirements, thus eliminating the
possibility of "the prying eyes" of
delivery men penetrating our cover.
Secondly, because it is in keeping with
the nature of the "cover" we are attempting
to establish. Oost will be of the order
of R300 to R400." - 123 -
EXHIBIT R 144 - This exhibit is a page from the
"STAR" dated 11th of June, 1963, whereon is
demarcated a number of properties in the Northern
area of Johannesburg.
(1) PURCHASE AND USB OF RIVONIA. ^
/ — > C ft /frfC A4
&~u?l’ A - z . • Ai EXHIBITS R 79, R 154, R 219 and R 220 - These
exhibits consist of a number of sheets bearing
the names and addresses of various people, as
well as the names and addresses of various
political organisations, both in South Africa
and beyond.
EXHIBITSR 91 andR 199 - These exhibits constitute
a written record incorporating the results of
surveys of the Rustenburg and Transkei areas.
They have already been dealt with above. (See
PART I pages 62 to 73 ).
EXHIBITS R 223, R 224 and R 225 - These are
drafts of the Program of the SOUTH AFRICAN
COMMUNIST PARTY. See Exhibit R 39, the booklet
in its final form, and R 78 which details the reasons for the "New Program of the SOUTH AFRICAN
COMMUNIST PARTY". The latter two exhibits have
been dealt with above. (See PART I, pages 57 to 59 )
EXHIBIT R 239 - This is the duplicating machine
found in room 4 of the out-buildings at Rivonia.
EXHIBITS R 242 - R252 - These exhibits comprise - 124 - typewriters, hand duplicating machines, a large quantity of typing paper, rubber finger-tips and gloves, packets of staplers and unused wax sheets,
EXHIBIT 0 - This is a signed offer to purchase
"Lilliesleaf" farm at Rivonia.
EXHIBIT P - Is the Deed of Transfer transferring the property of "Lilliesleaf" farm to NAVIAN (PTY.)
LTD.
EXHIBIT L - This is a document leasing
"Lilliesleaf" farm to GOLDREIOH.
EXHIBI T CU - This is an affidavit showing the registration of NAVIAN (PTY.) LTD. on the 20th of September, 1961, and VIVIAN EZRA as sole Director.
WITNESSES;
1 . E. WATERMEYER - During July 1961, HARMEL, using the name of "JACOBSON" enquired about a quiet, * secluded place for his brother-in-law, EZRA, who had a nervous breakdown. She showed him a number of places which he turned down on the ground that they were not sufficiently secluded and were too near neighbours. She eventually showed him
"Lilliesleaf" farm at Rivonia with regard to which
HARMEL eventually offered an amount of R25,000-00 which was accepted.
2. K. MEIKLE - On the 21st of August, 1961, HARMEL - 125 -
arrived, accompanied by EZRA., who signed the offer to purchase,Exhibit 0.
3. L, S0SK0LNE - She testified that EZRA stayed at 83 Walmer Street, Sydenham, under a written lease for a period of 1 year from the 1st August, 1961, with an option to buy. After the expiration of the period in the lease he still continued to stay on.
4. A.. EZRA - The wife of VIVIAN EZRA. She testified that her husband was neither ill nor required peace and quiet. That in view of his financial position he was unable not only to buy their present house but also unable to find the necessary deposit that would have been required.
His financial position was not too good and in fact he was considerably overdrawn at the bank.
To her knowledge he was not interested in farming, never considered buying large property at Rivonia, and most certainly could not have afforded the purchase price of R25,000-00.
5* F. WESSELS - Secretary for the firm of
Sungold (Pty.) Ltd. for whom EZRA worked as a traveller. He was always borrowing from petty cash and even borrowed an amount of R700-00 to enable him to purchase a motor car. This amount he did not repay and he had to be sued for its recovery. - 126 -
6* R. SEPEL - An Article Clerk in the firm of
an attorney named A..Furman, who on Instructions
received, from the office of J. KANTOR & PARTNERS,
acted for EZRA in the formation of a company styled
NAVIA.N (Pty.) LTD. and dealt with the transfer of
"LILLIESLEAF" farm at Rivonia from its previous
owner to NAVIAN (PIT.) LTD. EZRA together with a
typist in his office were shown as the shareholders
of NAVIAN (PTY.) LTD. The Rivonia property
was formally leased by NAVIAN (PTY.) LTD. to
GOLDREICH at a nominal rental of R100-00 per month,
which was insufficient to cover the interest on
bond and other incidental expenses. He encountered
considerable difficulty, following reports made to
him by the auditor, to get certain required informa
tion both from EZRA, and GOLDREICH. He received, jt\ , through Makda, an Indian clerk in the employ of A U'u JAMES KANTOR & PARTNERS, an envelope which contained
R5000-00 in cash (notes) without any covering
letter. This amount he paid over to the attornies
for the sellers of "Lilliesleaf" farm in respect
of the first yearly instalment due under the Deed
of Purchase.
T» 0. FENN - Appointed Public Officer of NAVIAN
(PTY.) LTD. at the request of WOLPE. EZRA was
the Director of the Company. He encountered
considerable difficulty in getting the necessary
details to enable him to write up the books for
the Company. With regard hereto he spoke to Sepel.
He testified further that in March 1962 he opened - 127 -
a banking account in the name of the Company which was at no time in funds sufficient to pay
the first yearly instalment due.
( i i ) PURCHASE A ED USE OF TRAVALLYN.
EXHIBIT T 4.0 ~ This is a semi-hard cover marked "A,B.C. INTERNAL".
EXHIBIT T 41 - This is another semi-hard cover
containing a quantity of carbon paper.
EXHIBITS T 43 - T 64 - These exhibits comprise circulars, covers, directives, letters, lists of names and addresses, notes of various amounts
and divers reports - all found at Travallyn.
EXHIBIT T 82 - This exhibit comprises a quantity
of foolscap size typing paper.
EXHIBIT ZZ - This is the relative Deed of Sale
in respect of Travallyn.
EXHIBIT AAA. - This is the receipt for the initial
deposit of R500-00 due in respect of the purchase of Travallyn.
FITNESSES:
With regard to the purchase of Travallyn see
the evidence of H. Sleigh and G. Finlay whose
evidence was summarised as witnesses No. 25 and - 128
No. 27 respectively when dealing with the evidence against accused GOLDBERG- (See above at pages
50 to 52).
(Ill) HIRE AND USE OP THE COTTAGE AT ■ MouifTifrvTW...... ”
EXH_IBITS_ M27, M27(a), M27( b ), M27( 0 ) - These exhibits comprise the remains of burnt documents which were found on the compost heap just outside the cottage.
EXHIBI T M 28 - A. series of five receipts In respect of rent received from BRONKHORST in respect of the months April to August 1963*
WITNESSES:
With regard to the occupation of the cottage at Mountain View, see the evidence of E. Sebone and E. Hlongwane, whose evidence was summarised as witnesses Nos. 32 and 33 respectively when dealing with the evidence against the accused GOLDBERG. (See above page 53*
See further the evidence of Police witnesses
Dirker, Grobler, Swanepoel, van Niekerk and van
Tonder, who testified to the recovery of Exhibits
M l to M 28, all recovered at Mountain View and to the finding of the finger prints of GOLDREICH and
WOLPE on a number of articles there found. 129
B. THE PUROHA.SE OF FURNITURE AND EFFECTS, EQUIPMENT AND MOTOR VEHICLES.
(!) FURNITURE AND EFFECTS:
EXHIBIT R 8 : This Is a report to the "Housing
Committee", already referred to above, but see page 3 thereof which reads as follows:
"APPENDIX I FURNITURE A.ND EQUIPMENT
FOR PERSONNEL.
Assume six people at commencement*
NOTE - ALL FURNITURE CAN BE OBTAINED
SECOND HAND.
6 Beds 16 •a* 10
6 Mattresses 12 - 0
18 Blankets (new) 9 8 - 0
18 Sheets (?) 9 3
6 Pillows " 3 1 mm 10 12 Pillow slips 6 18 - 0
4 Wardrobes 2 4 - 0
1 Kitchen table (large) 10 M l 0 6 Kitchen Chairs • 73 mm 00 1 Kitchen Dresser or
suitable cupboards 1 Refrigerator
1 Dining table
4 , 6 Dining Chairs
2 Lounge type Chairs.
Sundry cheap rugs, - 130 -
3 Large cooking pots
3 Large frying pans
1 Ladle
1 Egg lifter
1 Large knife
1 Small knife
Cups, saucers, large, small plates,
bowls, dishes etc. adequate for six
people.
1 Large kettle
1 Large tea pot.
1 Large Coffee pot
Sundry bottles tins etc.
1 Bread board
1 Bread knife
Salt pepper and similar containers* "
EXHIBIT B - Photos Nos. 4 to 19 of Exhibit B show,
In part, how the main house and the out-buildings at Rivonia were furnished. Photos Nos. 37 to 40 of the same exhibit again show, in part, how
Travallyn was furnished.
WITNESSES:
The Police witnesses Dirker, Swanepoel and van Nlekerk testified as to how the cottage at
Mountain View was furnished. Further to the; pro vision of furniture and effects at Travallyn, see the evidence of Andries, L. Tuchman and R. Lowery summarised as witnesses Nos. 26, 28 and 29 respectively under GOLDBERG above, at pages 51 and 52. - 131 -
(11) EQUIPMENT.
(a) RADIO:
EXHIBIT R.l - This exhibit headed "Carrying out
Orders" has the following on page 4s
" Tele 0
A Stations for civil prop.
4 Stations for communications.
Total excl labour R5300.
5 Months 1 Technician + place.
R50."
EXHIBIT R 2 - Excerpts from this exhibit headed
"SOME PROBLEMS OF THE PRESENT PHASE IN THE ARMED
STRUGGLE" read as follows, at page 21:
"One further point. Not all our requests
related to armaments. Normal equipment is
also required, radio parts, radio, intelligence
equipment, possibilities do exist for legal
import to South Africa".
And on page 32 :
"Radio communication specialists. They should
also be instructors.
EXHIBIT R 4 - Headed "FIRST DISCUSSION C. LEE,
MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, CHINA" has already been referred to. On one of the loose pages of this
exhibit, page 42(126), the following is found: 132
"R.M. 8.00 p.m. - Southern Africa
9.00 p.m. 31 metre band) 4>5 mega oynles.
10.00 p.m. 25 metre band)
12.00 p.m.
R.P. R. Cairo Monitor radio".
On the reverse side of this page - page 43(127) - under the heading "SUPPLIES OF MATERIAL" provision on the list is made for "Gadgets for Intelligence".
EXHIBIT R 9 - This is a piece of paper in the hand writing of GOLDREIOH and found in his car. This document provides under sub-paragraph (b) headed
"INTELLIGENCE" :
"(i ) tele-communications, radio and signals
(11) Map-reading."
EXHIBIT R 28 - This Is a power supply unit.
EXHIBIT R 29 - This is an aerial coupling unit.
EXHIBIT R 30 - This is a coaxial cable.
EXHIBIT R 31 - This is a roll of stranded wire.
EXHIBIT R 32 - This is a practise Morse Key.
EXHI3IT R 33 - Is a one-page typed document found in GOLDREICH's car on the day of the Police raid at Rivonia. The first part of this document reads as follows : - 133 -
"Data required from the U.K :
We require a number of transistorised
modulators (6) and D.C. to D.O. converters
(6). The specifications are as follows:
Modulators (a) Operation from a 12 volt
D.O. supply,
(b) Undistorted output of 30 watts,
(c) Crystal microphone input,
(d) Modulating impedance 6000 ohms.
Converters (a) Operation from a 12 or 24 volt
D.C. supply,
(b) Output of 600 volts at 150 ml
(continuous).
If suitable transformers are manufactured in
the U.K., please let us have full details,
including circuit diagrams and data on heat
sinks. The design should preferably make
use of Mullard transistors and diodes.
Further, if Yalradio do not produce a 12 volt
D.O. to 220 volt A .C ., 50 c/a,
60 to 80 watt supply, please supply
data on design based on a commercially
produced transformer.
We require 6."
There follows then a number of references to text-books on Radio, as well as some addresses of companies associated with radio telegraphy
EXHIBIT R 71 - An extract from this exhibit headed "OPERATION MAYIBUYE" reads as follows at - 134 - page (510) :
"(e) Arranging for radio facilities for
daily transmission to the world and to the
people of South Africa".
EXHIBIT B - Photo No. 10 of this album of photos shows the various radio parts that were found in room No. 3 at Rivonia, whilst photos Nos. 24» 25 and 30 show the earth wire which was connected to the radio,as it was buried underground, and in the course of being recovered.
EXHIBIT MMM - This is a small note book found
Ln the possession of the accused MLANGENI, and is a course dealing with the fundamentals of radio transmission.
WITNESSES:
1. R. SHELTON - An Engineer in the employ of the
South African Broadcasting Corporation testified that exhibits R28 to R32 are component parts used in the construction of a small radio transmitting set. He added that the "Hallicrafter" is an
American receiving set used by amateurs,
2. N. MINNAAR - The evidence of this witness, regarding the conveyance by GOLDREICH and WOLPE of a parcel on which he saw the word "Hallicrafter", has been summarised above under the co-conspirator
WOLPE - see above page 103. - 135 -
3. A number of Bantu employees at Rivonia testified to the cutting down, in all, of six trees and the erection thereof as radio masts, the connecting thereof with the radio by wire which was led behind the out-buildings and buried underground. There is also evidence that on one occasion a person was seen in the room in which the radio was, wearing a set of ear-phones; whilst on another occasion one person stood in or just outside the same room talking, whilst a second person, some distance away, was wearing a pair of ear-phones.
O.J. DIRKER - He testified to finding six poles at Rivonia to the top of which was attached an accessory used for leading wires.
(b) WORK SHED.
EXHIBIT R 8 - This exhibit "REPORT TO THE HOUSING
COMMITTEE"has already been referred to and page 4 deals with the workshop equipment under the heading "APPENDIX 2" and reads as follows:
"APPENDIX 2 WORKSHOP EQUIPMENT
Workbenches to be made out of suitable
timber 9" x 1-|" and 3" x 3"
Woodworking
1 Rip saw 2 -f" electric drill
1 Crosscut saw Set of BS drills to f"
1 Tennon saw Set of carbon drills " - 136 -
2 Olaw hammer (16 oz.) 1 Lathe attachment
2 Large screw drivers 1 Bench saw attach
2 Medium " " ment
2 rasps coarse 1 Bench saw attach
2 rasps fine ment
2 Chisels l" 1 Portable saw
2 Chisels attachment
2 Chisels 1 set lathe tools 1 I! 2 Gouges 1 Sanding disc
metal
Metalworking 1 Sanding disc
2 Hacksaw 12" rubber
24 " Blades 12 Coarse discs
2 " 6 " 12 Medium " 24 " Blades 12 Fine "
2 Files 12" rough cut Bench stand1
2 Files 6" three- 1 Grinding wheel
corner attach
1 Blow lamp 1 Drill press
1 Soldering iron Special 1 Tin flux j
1 lb solder 3 Large double boilers
1 forge hand 1 2 Large gas rings
bellows or blower i 6 Large wooden mixing ! spoons. and normal forging i Large plastic bags tools !i Supply of coke for storage or sheet ! 1 Cupola suitable for making bags.
for melting iron and steel
1 Handi-gas welding, cutting and soldering set
Brazing rods 137 -
2 Fencing pliers
2 pliers
1 Vice grip pliers flat j.aws
1 Tin snips 10" handle
Electrical
2 Small screw drivers
2 Long nose pliers paint brushes turps
General Aloolin wood glue Nails l" 2" 3" 4"
Screws as required, putty.
6 Carpenters pencils 1 501 Steel tape
2 6 ’ Steel tape 2 3foot rules."
This should be read in conjunction with paragraph
4(h) on page 2 of the same exhibit which reads as follows ;
"(h) Workshop. The size of the lighting
plant limits the size of the motors of
power driven tools to 1 H.P. This is
adequate for the driving of a wood
turning lathe and tools such as can
be driven from a f" or electric drill.
(See appendix for tools required)"
EXHIBIT T 56 - This is a two-page document headed "WORK SHED" and showing sketches with full specifications of the proposed work shed, including inter alia the provision of work benches.
( c) MACHINERY AND TOOLS
EXHIBIT R 8 - Page 4 of this exhibit makes - 138 -
provision for the tools required and has already
been referred to immediately above*
EXHIBIT T 1 - This is a detailed report headed
"ORGANISATION OF LOOAL PRODUCTION REPORT TO
LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT OF THE HIGH COMMAND" the
opening paragraph of which reads as follows :
"The program set to the Local Production
Committee contains some quantities of almost
astronomical magnitude and at first sight
appears almost incapable of fulfilment."
This exhibit has already been referred to above -
See PART I , pages 83 to 86.
EXHIBIT T 37 - This is a one-page document f making monetary provisions for, inter alia, lighting
plant, tools, forge etc,
(iii) MOTOR VEHICLES.
EXHIBIT R 8 - The "Report to the Housing Committee"
makes provision for transport in the following terms :
"(1) Transport. It is suggested that a
vehicle such as a 3-ton or a 1-ton bakkie
be purchased. Firstly to enable the
personnel to carry out all their own
transport requirements, thus eliminating
the possibility of "the prying eyes" of - 139 -
delivery men penetrating our cover.
Secondly, because it is In keeping with
the nature of the "cover" we are attempt
ing to establish. Cost will be of the
order of R300-00 to R400-00."
EXHIBIT T 37 - This single page exhibit, already referred to, makes provision for an amount of
R500-00 in respect of a -I-ton truck.
EXHIBIT T 47 - This is a circular dated the
6th of June 1963> addressed "To the Board of
Directors" and concluding with the slogan of the
AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS. Paragraph 10 thereof,
under the heading of "TRANSPORT" reads as follows:
"(a) The Zephyr has been allocated to your
Board of Directors so that you may be
in a position to visit the various
regions and branches in the Transvaal,
as well as make week-end trips to the
O.F.S. You are therefore fully in
charge of it.
(b) You should arrange for a trustworthy
responsible custodian to garage it or
keep it when you are not using it. The
same custodian should only release it
for the work of the Board.
(c) You should also make it available to
the Regions to undertake work in the area.
(d) Your Board will be responsible for - 140 -
running and maintaining the vehicle
by making use of the subs collected
in the branches in the Transvaal,
c; (e) We trust you will exercise a high sense \ .r Cv j of responsibility looking after this ihjCK}'wJr tAlpeiJ, / •'UAz'b / machine which has already cost so much
iXQ-£-ce^2 to repair and is now in good condition.''
EXHIBIT T 55 - This is a four-page document hand
written. On page 3, under the heading of "TRANSPORT ff
appears the following :
"We feel that we have not been taken in trust
and confidence. We have proposed that the
Region looks after the Zephyr. Without
further notice, the Zephyr was given to
people about whom doubts were raised in the
Board. It served the Region for less than
a week, it was smashed in the service of
private interest. Neither the Region nor
us could take the responsibility.
We are pleased to learn that the
Zephyr will be placed at our service and The Volkswagen will be available to the Region"
See also Exhibits R 149 (Also Exhibit AG),
Exhibits R 182, AF, HH, KK, LL, YYY and AF.
WITNESSES:
The witness Suliman, the owner of motor
vehicles, his driver Piet Ooetzee and the two - 141 -
trainees from Cape Town, Jantjies and Rani, testified to the conveyance used from Johannes burg to the border, and made mention of a Zephyr motor car which accompanied them on occasions.
The witness Bruno testified to the Taunus motor van, N.D. 71C93, shown on photo 34 of
Exhibit B, which he said he found at Durban on his return from Johannesburg. I had been made available by the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND to the
REGIONAL COMMAND for use in the course of their activities.
Abel Mtembu referred to a Peugeot motor car which he first saw used by JOE MODISE, a co conspirator, and thereafter by accused MLANGENI when he attended a meeting of the Johannesburg
Regional Command. The witness Bambane, a trainee, testified that on the occasion when he arrived in
Krugersdorp he was met by two men in a Peugeot.
Police Officer van Yuuren gave evidence that he stopped a Peugeot motor car at Zeerust, the occupants of which were accused MLANGENI and one
MBATHA.
Finally, see photo No. 33 in Exhibit B, which is a photograph of a Volkswagen Kombi T.J. 142-838 which was found at Rivonia on the day of the Police raid and which witness Spies sold to GOLDBERG.
C. THE PROVISION OF FUNDS FOR FINANCING THE CONSPIRACY.
EXHIBIT R 13 - This is an eight-page typed document - 142 -
headed "PAFMECSA" which has been quoted in full above { See pages 3 to 14). The fourth page, under the heading of "FUNDS", reads as follows:
'FUNDS (£10,CGG from Nigeria. Definite promises ( |£5,COG in Tunisia. from Senegal and (£3,000 in Morocco - the Sudan.
£7,CGG on May Had previously
1st. discussed the
'22,CGG in Liberia matter with
will be yearly Julius,
f amount.
(£5,000 in Ethiopia.
jill these monies were sent to O.R. in
(London.
(£2,778 sent home,
(£3,000
{£1G,GGQ from Nigeria.
Money collection is a job which requires
a lot of time. You must be prepared to
wait.
Position of our people pretty grim. OR.
Xola Robert, Maindy, Raymong Kunene,
Jimmy Radebe. Visit to Socialist countries has
become imperative."
EXHIBIT R 184 - This is a one-page typed document
dated the 8th of June, 1963, found in possession of
accused MHLABA.
EXHIBIT R 216 - This is a letter addressed by "C" - 143 - to "BAWOZALA" and deals with the collection of
3,900 Dollars in the United States of America for the purpose of "intensifying, expanding and con solidating the campaign to ensure the highest degree of success".
EXHIBIT T 15 - Is a letter addressed to "Dear Walter" under date 19th of April, 1963. It has already been referred to above (see pages 26 to 27). It deals with an appeal for, and the collection of, funds in order "to go on helping until the Liberation movement succeeds in its purpose".
EXHIBIT T 19 - Is a letter addressed by "JAMES" to
"Dear Gambu" on the 17th of May, 1963. The fifth and last paragraph thereof reads:
"We have no money at all to run the orani-
sation. In the last three months we have
relied on loans. At present we are unable to
meet our expenses and the work is being held
back. Please send about £10,000 immediately. Please acknowledge receipt of this per return
to enable us to tie up preparation at our end
properly" .
EXHIBIT T 21 - Is a letter written from Lusaka,
Northern Rhodesia, by "Jack Malobile" to "My Dear
Uncle" on the 22nd of May, 1963. The postscript thereto reads : "Fetch money from Basutoland".
EXHIBIT T 22 - A letter addressed from London on the 23rd of May, 1963 by "M .T.B." to "Dear Booth". - 144 -
The second paragraph reads :
"DiR has requested us to inform you that
an amount of £15,000 has been transferred to
Dr. Letele and that we should ask you to
immediately contact him for same".
EXHIBIT T 25 - Is a letter under date 30th of
May, 1963, addressed by "THUNDER" to "Dear O .R .".
Paragraph 11 reads as follows:
" FINANCE.
(a) Time and again we have been making
representations for money but there has
been no reply from your end. We are
finding it very difficult here at home and.
our work amongst the masses of the people
is terribly handicapped, it the end of
the month we shall have no choice but to
lay off our organisers at a time when we
should be increasing their number. Can
we expect anything, and when ?
(b) We have received some monies from certain
countries. Could you please let us know
which countries have been helpful so far
\ since the return home of Madiba".
EXHIBIT T30 - Is a single page document of which the following are two extracts:
"In brief, we are asking you to subsidise us by
50 % in the affairs. It will amount to £30
per head at the maximum. The fare of a - 145 -
chartered Is £1500 for 28. This therefore
suggests to me that, we are going to depend
on this, we shall have to send the 20 and 8.
I do not know the usual charge. We can raise
20. This is the basis we have been working
on. We shall try and get 8 more once we hear
from you. I must stress that the quicker you
give us the green light the more efficient we
can deal with this. We have got no time left".
"My heads in the Uni of N have asked me to
appeal to you for a grant of £50 in order that
we can run ourselves. We would like to publish
our magazine, for an example, and do several
other things".
EXHIBIT T 35 - This is a three-page document in the hand-writing of accused MBEKI and has been dealt with above (see pages 56 to 59). Under paragraph
2 and the heading "External Mission Reports" appears the folio wing in sub-paragraph (l)(c) :
"Promised £100,100 - was given £28,000.
GM permit to send £14,000 which he did to
London with instructions to send £10,000
home and £4000 to DiR" .
Under sub-paragraph (2) headed "Fund raising
Mission - Mos, OR and D" appears the following:
"Felt too many missions, some of which
seemed to have exceeded their mission.
This more particularly so in Ch.
/,A ' '^S-R were awarded £110,000 of this - 146 -
£15,CGG to Lesotho and £80,000 with one of
.Embassies. Balance still to be forwarded".
EXHIBIT T 37 - This is a single page document alreadjr referred to, which makes provision for certain sums of money against certain items involving expenditure.
EXHIBIT T 54 - This is a two-page document. On page 1 certain amounts appear against Cape Town,
Port Elizabeth, Durban and Secretariat and against other items involving expenditure.
EXHIBIT AM - This is a detailed list of bank notes found in the safe at Rivonia, which was dealt with above (see page 101).
EXHIBITS E, F, G, H, I and J - These are six schedules prepared by the Accountant C.W. Cox.
They dispose various amounts of money received from, and disbursed on behalf of, certain accused and co - co n spi ra to r s.
WITNESSES: A number of Bantu witnesses testified that in addition to the subscriptions they were required to pay by reason of their membership of the organisations to which they belonged, they were also enjoined from time to time to raise funds by means of tea parties, concerts or in any other way they could think of.
In particular Bruno Mtolo testified that when - 147 -
MANDELA reported to the members of the NATAL REGIONAL
COMMAND during July/August 1962, he disclosed that on his tour ourside Africa he had collected an amount of £30,000 and had been promised by some
States that they would make available 1 per cent, of their budget to enable the furtherance of the campaign in South Africa.
6. X 1JL XJ i. XV JL\i -i. WX v JJW) jO I U i AMMUNITION, AS WELL AS "OTHER RELEVANT SUP’ PLIES", FOR THE PURPOSE OF SABOTAGE AND REVOLUTION.
EXHIBIT R 2 - This is a lengthy document headed
"SOME PROBLEMS OP THE PRESENT PHASE IN THE ARMED
STRUGGLE" and which has been fully dealt with above (see PART I, pages 44 to 48)
On the first page of the first portion of this exhibit appears the following under the heading
"INFORMATION ON THE MANUFACTURE OF EXPLOSIVES, ETC.":
"1. Plastic explosives.
2. Detonators and primers.
3. Fuses - time and electronic.
4. Hand grenades.
5. Time bombs.
6. Incendiary bombs.
7. Land mines. 8. Booby traps and other special devices."
Pages 2 and 3 deal with the "INFORMATION ON
THE CHEMISTRY OF EXPLOSIVES" "SUPPLIES OF - 148 -
DETONATORS, EXPLOSIVES AND PUSES" and "TRAINING
PERSONNEL". In addition, provision is made for the obtaining of some of the required explosives by raids on mines and quarry magazines or by way of purchase from persons who work there ( see paragraph 6 on pa^e 2(18). Excerpts from the second portion of this exhibit read as follows:
Page (20): "No problem of giving material.
Considerable traffic of arms as
normal trade. We don't have any
relations with Verwoerd Government
in any way. So don't care what he
says. Safest and surest way, transfer
of arms through country where they
have normal relations. - Government
agreement. Willingness of this
Government to us. Government gives
us their armaments and Soviet com
pensates. Most convenient Tanganyika.
Negotiate with Tanganyika, not with
Communists, it would be better to make
A.N.C. officials conduct business with
Tanganyika. Best person to discuss here -
man near to us but not one of us. Trans
fer of armaments are found on high seas -
difficult to speak of neutral waters.
International regulation 3 to 12 miles,
this ir< rather formal. We realise with
techniques used to-day, the re-loading
on high seas are located with very quickly.
And here when discovered - serious - 149 -
entanglement# particularly for us
and Comrades involved, general climate
not favourable, e.g. becomes public
knowledge when African State supports
democratic movement in S. A. But if
Moscow is involved - international
ramifications."
"The moment we legally transfer one
box of arms destined for South Africa
the South African Police will know".
Pages (21-22): "When one discusses with military
personnel the questions are always how much of what you want. We then
moved to a discussion ofwhat and how
much. We agreed to present a memorandum
and reouest for specified quantities of
* ' arms etc. This was done and left with f (_ / r: t (,p ‘ "t'ae Soviet Comrades to be decided upon and discussed on our return."
Pages (33-57): "These 25 pages deal with the preparation
of explosives and making of hand grenades
and the demonstration of explosives.
It incorporates a host of formulae and
are freely illustrated with diagrams
and sketches of various types of ex
plosives" (For a critical examination
of this document see PART III, Section B,
pages 1 to 5).
EXHIBIT R 3 - This is a book in the hand-writing of GOLDREIOH containing copious notes dealing with the demolition and the theory of explosives.
It has been fully dealt with above in PART I, at pages 48 to 49. For a critical examination of this document see also below, PART III, Section B, pages 6 to 13.
EXHIBIT R 9 - This is a single page document found in the car of GOLDREIOH an is in his hand-writing.
It deals with, inter alia, the manufacture of fuses and the techniques pertaining to detonation. There is also reference to mine laying.
EXHIBITS R 45 AND T 11 - This is a document entitled
"PRODUCTION REQUIREMENTS" which are set out in the following terms :
"The requirements have been set as follows:
i AmNi 24 tons x 6 ...... 144 tons
ii A1 powder 1.2 x 6 ...... 21.6 tons
iii Bl.Pd. 2.5 x 6 ...... 15 "
iv Anti Per Min 8,000 x 6 ... 48,000
v Gren 3,500 x 6 ...... 210,000
vi Time Dev. 250 x 6...... 1,500
, It is understood that this programme is to
\ be completed in 6 months. Allowing for time
\ to get production under way it is estimated
\ that 5 months or approx. 22 weeks will be
available.
In the light of the net time available the
programme becomes: - 151 -
i AmNi 6.55 ton per week .. 1.1 ton
per day
ii A1 Pow cannot be reasonably produced
iii Bl.Pd 0.33 ton per week ..0.055 ton
per day
iv AntiPMin.... 2,182 per week... 364 per day.
v Gren 9,545 per week....1,591 per day
vi TimDev 70 per week.... 12 per day." & These exhibits too have been fuMtx^ixeait with above in PART I, pages ter— . For a critical examination of these exhibits see also below,
PART III, Section B, pages 14 to 2 5 .
EXHIBIT R 54 - This exhibit entitled "SPEAKERS NOTES" - a brief course on the training of organisers, has the following paragraph 2 under the heading of
"METHODS OF ORGANISATION TO BE ADOPTED". At page 15(469):
"By seizing arms from the enemy we will
expand Guerilla groups into Guerilla units
and come into the open when the conditions
are ripe."
EXHIBIT R 71 - This is a document headed "OPERATION
MAYIBUYE" and has already been referred to above.
Excerpts from that document, appropriate to this heading, read as follows:
page(509): "3. Simultaneously with the landing of
the groups of 30 and thereafter,
there should be a supply of arms
and other war material to arm the - 152 -
local population which become
integrated with the Guerilla units.
Page(5H ): "3. The preparation for equipping
the initial force envisaged in 1 above
will take place in three stages, thus:-
(a) by importation of military supply
at two levels:
(i) build-up of fire arms,
ammunition and explosives by
maintaining a regular flow over
a period of time.
(ii) by landing additional supplies
simultaneously with the
arrival of our external force.
(b) acquisition and accumulation in
ternally of fire arms, ammunition
and explosives at all levels of
our organisation.
(c) Collection and accumulation of other
military supplies such as food,
medicines, communication equipment
etc."
Page(512): "(c) Points along the coast which would
be suitable for landing of men and
supplies and how these are going to be
transferred from the point of landing
to the area of operations."
Page(513): "2. External Planning Committee. Which
shall be charged with the following
tasks:-
(a) obtaining of arms, ammunition and
explosives and other equipment. - 153 -
(b) In co-operation with our internal
machinery, making arrangements
for their despatch of items in 1
above into the country.
"5. Logistics Department - Technical
and supply Committee. Its functions
are
(a) To manufacture and build up a
stock of arms, ammunition and
explosives from internal sources.
(b) To organise reception, distribu
tion and storage of supply from
external sources.
(c)
(d) Obtaining of all other relevant
supplies necessary to prosecuted
arms struggle, to wit, inter alia,
medical supplies, clothing, food,
etc., and the storage of these
at strategic points."
EXHIBITS P, 87 and R 103 - The first exhibit is an incomplete portion of the second exhibit which is complete and deals with blasting.
EXHIBIT R 117 - This is a book dealing with coal mining explosives.
EXHIBIT R 159 - This is a price-list of various chemicals used in the manufacture of explosives. - 154 -
EXHIBITS R 189 to 196 - These eight exhibits were found at Rivonia and comprise various chemicals used for the manufacture of explosives.
EXHIBIT T 1 - This exhibit is headed "ORGANISATION
OP LOCAL PRODUCTION. REPORT TO LOGISTICS DEPARTMENT
OP THE HIGH COMMAND." It has been fully dealt with above in PART I, at pages 83 to 86.
EXHIBIT T 2 - This is a four-page document bearing sketches and sepcifications of hand grenades and land mines.
EXHIBIT T 38 - This is a document dealing with the preparation of Picric Acid and Ammonium Nitrate complete with formulae.
EXHIBIT T 68 - This is a booklet entitled "EFFICIEN
CY IN MELTING".
EXHIBIT T 70 - This is a booklet illustrating various moulding machines.
WITNESSES;
1. BRUNO MTOLO - The Technical Committee, of which he was a member, was required to make arms and also to manufacture incidental requirements, e.g. boots, similar to the pair of boots found at
Travallyn - Exhibit No. 8.
Some time during April 1962 a magazine at
Marianne hill was broken into and a quantity of - 155 - dynamite was stolen. This was taken to the home of GEORGB NAICKER where it was stored in a garage.
Some of the dynamite contained in tins was later buried at Shell cross and at Clairwood Beach, also known as "The Bluff". This theft of dynamite was in accordance with the instruction received from STRACHAN that they must steal Government arms and ammunition, dynamite and chemicals for the making of bombs in order to prepare them first for the Guerilla warfare and then the wholesale warfare to follow.
Some time thereafter JOE MODISE took some of the cartons of dynamite to Johannesburg. He also indicated that they could exchange dynamite for detonators, it a later stage the accused MLANGENI reported that they could "swop" dynamite for detonators of which Port Elizabeth had a surplus.
2* N.J. GROBLER - Detective Warrant Officer stationed at Durban confirmed that the magazine at
Mariannehill had been broken into and a quantity of explosives stolen.
5* D. WESSELS - Detective Warrant Officer who testified that on the 7th of August, 1963, he went to Clairwood Beach, also known as "The Bluff" where four tins containing 102 sticks of dynamite were recovered.
4. ABEL MTEMBU - HODGSON taught him how to make black powder. HODGSON had with him three paper bags containing saltpetre, sulphur and charcoal. Following -■ 156 - the directions given by HODGSON he made some black powder which was later used to sabotage chosen targets.
5. BENNETT Mi SHI YANA - About April 1963 he and
Maziza visited a sub-static a, near Westbank Location, which they had decided to blow up with dynamite to be obtained from one "Blues" who worked for the
Divisional Council. Maziza told him that an expert in the use of the dynamite would be arriving from
Port Elizabeth to instruct them.
6* B. MASHILOANE - Testified to a number of occasions where MOTSOALEDI brought parcels of dynamite which he housed in a garage attached to the S.K. Building preparatory to burying it in black painted tins underground nearby. He also testified to the purchase of dynamite from one
Scotch Papi who worked on a mine. Finally, he handed a tin of black paint - Exhibit 9 ** to Detective
Bodenstein.
7. A. KOTZE and C. POSTHUMUS - These two Police officials testified to the recovery of eight assorted tins containing a variety of explosives which they found buried underground, about 1^ to li miles from the S.K. Building. These tins contained
344 sticks of gelignite, 4 sticks of dynamite, 17 percussion caps, 3 railway detonators, 60 feet of cord- tex and 150 feet of fuse.
8. J. BODENSTEIN - He took Exhibit 9, being a - 157 -
tin of black paint which he received from Mashiloane
and the two tins -Exhibit 10 - which he received
from Detective Kotze, to the Bureau of Standards
for examination.
9- M. VENTER - Official from the Bureau of Standards
who examined the exhibits So s. 9 and 10 and found
that the constituents of the paint in Exhibit 9
and the paint on Exhibit 10 were of the same
origin - See Exhibit CT.
<■ -,• 10. The following witnesses, Todd, Smollan, Milburn,
Lankenau, Ruff, Campbell, Kareveck, Levanos,
Swanepoel, Hodes and Lowery deal with the acquisition
of shooks, castings, blowers, cupola, cast iron and
lighting units acquired on behalf of the Organisation
for the purpose of enabling them to implement the
terms of the conspiracy. Their evidence has been
summarised under the head of "GOLDBERG" *• see
above at pages 45 to 49, 52 and 53.
-z~
7. THE RECRUITMENT OF PERSONS FOR INSTRUCTION AND TRAINING.
EXHIBIT R 1 The document commencing with the
words "Carrying out Orders. Excerpts from this
document read as follows:
Page 1(1) : "Every member shall obey and carry
out any orders given by a member
of higher rank". - 158 -
This is repeated on page 3(1).
Page 19(10): "General
V (a) Use of telephones.
(b) Post
(c) Documents.
(d) Codes.
(e) Gatherings.
(f) Training.
v(g) Production of propaganda.
Distribution
(i) Leaflets and pamphlets,
(ii) Slogan painting.
(iii) Recruitment."
Page 25(14): " Propaganda
(a) Techniques (i) Mass organisation.
(ii ) Cell organisation.
(b) Equipment
(i) Toneo
-/(ii) Stencils
(iii) Posters"
Page 26-27(14-15):
" Physical Commando course
”J(1) Manual exercises.
^ (2) Judo training - Hand to
hand combat.
(3) Rope, tree and rock climbing.
(4) Arms training. - 159 -
(si) Target practice 177
Stationary
Moving Targets
Firing positions
(5) Making a trench . inti mortar roof construction. (6) Map reading Compass reading
night plotting
(7) Forced Marches
(8) Tracking
(9) Crossing rivers
(10) Simple bridge construction
(11) immunition discipline
Tactics Course
Day and Night Tactical games
(i) Tracking
(ii) Ambush
(iii) Flank attack (iv) Rear attack
(v) Defensive positioning
(vi) Runner techniques.
(Page -27-) Training in two sections
(1) Ideological (2) Physical
I believe physical secondary to
Ideological "GUEVAxRA" best training in field.
my own experience in Israel. "
Pages 27-28(15-16): The following books are
named for general study in the - 160 -
art of Guerilla warfare and
strategy, namely:
GUEVARA on Guerilla Warfare - Ex hibit R 6. 9^'-V
BERT LEVI on Guerilla Warfare -
Exhibit R 146
CLAUSWITZ on War - Exhibit El65.
Book entitled "Games of Strategy its
Theory and Application" - Exhibit
R 167. MAO-TSE TUNG on Guerilla Warfare -
Exhibit R178.
EXHIBIT R2 - The first portion of this exhibit, comprising three pages, is headed "SOME PROBLEMS
OP THE PRESENT PHASE IN THE ARMED STRUGGLE". Of these problems to be discussed three deal with :
1. The organisation of the People's Militia.
2. Training of the People's Militia.
3. Training manuals with special reference
to small arms and tactics.
In the second portion of this exhibit the following extract appears on page'(21):
"Resolution adopted by Lobatsi Conference.
As a result of Party's policy seriously
considered Algerian Training Camp.
On page (32) appears the following under the heading "S.U.":
"Make special requests for training manuals
on explosives, arms, tactics, security. " - 161 -
On the same page there further appears the
following:
"Universal Specialists in Guerilla Warfare
and Sabotage Activities,
(1) Guerilla tactics,
(2) Sabotage - use of explosives,
(3) Manufacture of explosives and detonating
and igniting devices.
(4) Use of small arms,
(5) Map ^aing. (6) Anti-guerilla tactics,
(7) Enemy equipment.
EXHIBIT R 4 - This is a document headed "THE FIRST
DISCUSSION WITH 0. LEE MINISTRY OF DEFENCE, CHINA."
On page (105)appears the following under the
heading METHODS OF TRAINING":
(!) Adopt mass lines,
(ii) Commander and soldiers teach each other,
(ill) Veterans teach new recruits.
, (iv) Practical demonstration. fy - 7\ { I'tWcfOTta^v), Those who have already learnt teach
those who haven't (even applicable to \ o •(-< f-o-n _ tactics),
(vi) One group practises while one watches
for defects and vice versa,
(vii) Patience must be used,
(viil) Demonstration with objects on the spot".
EXHIBIT R 9 - This is a one-page document, in the
hand-writing of GOLDREICH, found in his motor car - 162 - tinder the heading of " SPECIALISTS REQUIRED".
It records that:
" First stage - May be met by Algerian
training facilities Technical
Intelligence"; and under the heading of
"Second stage" appears the notes:
"Company Commander, tactics and Medical".
EXHIBIT R 11 - This is a document in the hand writing of MANDELA, headed "TARGET - SEVEN THINGS".
It has been fully dealt with above - See PART I, at page 56. For a critical analysis of this document see also below, PART III, pages 63 to 70.
EXHIBIT R 24 - This is a sixty-five-page document headed "STRATEGIC PROBLEMS OF CHINA’ S REVOLUTIONARY
WAR" with a sub-head "How to study war". The follow ing are extracts from this document:
Page 1 : " The Laws of War are Developmental.
Anyone directing a war must study the
laws of war in general and solve
problems connected with war.
Anyone directing a revolutionary war
must study the laws of revolutionary
wars in general and solve problems
connected with such a war."
Page 3 : "Therefore, we must study the laws
of war in general, we must also study
the laws of revolutionary wars, and, - 163 -
finally, we must study the laws of
China's revolutionary war".
Page 5: " The Aim of War lies in Eliminating
War".
Page 6t " Strategy Studies the Laws of a Whole
Military Situation.
Page 10: " The Important Problem is to be
good at Learning" .
Page 15: "Reading books is learning, but
application is also learning and the
more important form of learning. To
learn warfare through warfare - this
is our chief method".
Page 16: "War is the highest form of struggle
between nations, states, classes, or
political groups and all laws of war
are applied by a nation".
Page 17 s " The Chinese Communist Party and
China's Revolutionary War.
Page 20: "The CP took absolute leadership in
the war. This absolute leadership
of the CP was the most important
condition for resolutely carrying
on the revolutionary war to the end".
Page 21: " What are the Characteristics of
China's Revolutionary War?".
CP's leadership and the Agrarl
revolution" . 164 -
Page 31 ' >1 Active Defenee and Passive Defence" .
Page 53 "• "Our strategy Is "to put one against
ten", while our tactic is "to put
ten against one". This is one of
the fundamental principles on which
we be
Page 63 :"War of annihilation."
EXHIBITS E 46, R 230 and I 28 - This document headed " OUTLINES OP A SYLLABUS FOR A BRIEF COURSE
ON THE TRAINING OF ORGANISERS" sets out its brief introduction under sub-paragraph (b) :
"Purpose for which they have been appointed - to
organise M.K. units",
EXHIBITS R 54. R142 and T 28 - This document headed
"THE SPEAKER'S NOTES - A BRIEF COURSE ON THE
TRAINING OF ORGANISERS". Under "introduction" paragraph (b) reads as follows :
"The purpose of your appointment is to see
to it that you recruit the best element
among the African youth into the ranks or
even the vanguard of our Liberation Army - the
cream - the defenders and the liberators of
our country. Thousands of young men in each
region are urgently required. (For this
reason you will be required to work according
to a program to achieve your target".
EXHIBIT R 71 - This is a document headed "OPERATION
MAYIBUYE" , and extraocfcs therefrom read as follows: - 165 -
Page (507) • "The people are un-armed and lack
personnel. We have been training
all aspects of military operations,
A proper organisation of the
almost unlimited assistance which
we can obtain from friendly
governments will counter-balance
each disadvantage"•
Page (508) : "We are convinced that this plan
is capable of fulfilment, but
only if the whole apparatus of
the movement, both here and abroad,
is mobilised for its implementa
tion and if every member now
prepares to make unlimited sacrifice
for the achievement of our goal".
Page (510) : Sub-paragraph (g):
"Stepping up transport plans, e.g.
a weekly or bi-weekly air-lift
of trainees outside the country
in order to maintain a regular, if
small flow of trained personnel".
Page (513) : " External Planning Committee.
Which shall be charged with the
following task:- (a)
(b) -
(c) Obtaining of transport by
land, sea and air for the
landing of our task force and
for the continued supply of
military equipment". - 166 -
" Transport Committee* This
Committee is assigned the following
duties:
(a) The organisation of transport
facilities for our trainees.
(b) To organise transport for the
re-entry of our trainees."
"5• Logistics Department - Technical
Its functions are:-
(a) -
(b) -
(c) To organise the training of
personnel in the use of
equipment referred to in
(a) and (b) above."
Page (514) ’ " immediate duties of the National
High Command in relation to the
Guerilla Areas.
(a) -
(b) - (c) -
(d) The N.C.H. is directed to
recruit and arrange for the
external training of at least
300 men in the next two months"»
According to PART II of this "OPERATION MAYIBUYE" at page (509) the following four areas are established:
1. Port Elizabeth - MZIMKULU.
2. Port Shepstone - SWAZILAND. - 167 -
3« North-Western Transvaal, bordering
respectively Bechuanaland and Limpopo.
4. North-Western Oape - South-West.
This division of areas is co-related to PART IV dealing with internal organisation under paragraph 1 at page (511) which reads as follows:
"Our target is that on arrival the external
force should find at least 7000 men in the four
main areas ready to join the Guerilla Army in
the initial onslaught.
These will be allocated as follows:-
(a) Eastern Cape - Transkei 2000.
(b) Natal - Zululand 2000.
(c) North-Western Transvaal 2000.
(d) North-Western Cape 1000".
EXHIBIT R 97 - This is a booklet issued by the
War Department entieled "BASIC FIELD MANUAL".
EXHIBIT R 179 “ This is a letter dated the 4th of
July, 1963, addressed by"Phillip" to "Dear James" and the first paragraph of which reads as follows:
"Received yours. Despatch parcel as
requested. There are difficulties about
yours. The messengers faced with problems
affecting these national groups as a result
of new border controls. Do not know what to
do. Will do best to solve it".
EXHIBIT T 14 " This is a letter dated the 25th of April, 1963, addressed by "M.T.B." to "Dear Booth. - 168 -
The fifth paragraph reads as follows :
"Dar Inform us that they will be in a
position to charter for 25 students but
insist that the students you intend sending
should be qualified for entry into over
seas universities. You will recall that
this matter was raised in Lobatsi. When
you are ready please advise us at least
two weeks before so that delays are obviated and
proper co-ordination ensured".
EXHIBIT T 16 - This is a letter dated the 2nd of
May, 1963, addressed by "Thunder" to "Lear O.R."*
Paragraph numbered 1 reads as follows:
"About the students, we will be glad if
you could inform us when they are required
If it is not urgent, we feel will be in a
position to have them out by th e end of
June".
EXHIBIT T 18 - This is a letter dated the 15th of
May, 1963, addressed to "Dear Friend". It reads:
"Thank you for your report. As you
may have been informed we were supposed to have
ready 28 students by the 10th instant. We
have written to the benefactors to say we
think we shall be ready with this consign
ment of 28 by the last week of June.
The fears you entertain about fellows
being landed at Dar. would not apply in this
case because everything has already been tied up as to their destination.
We propose that we should allocate them as follows:
Transvaal 9
Natal 6
Transkei 1
Eastern Gape 6
Western Cape 6 28
Please advise us if you approve of the above allocation so that we may write to our contacts in these areas. Also if you have any ideas about any of these areas please let us know so that we may incorporate them when we write.
We shall indicate to the prospective candidates that each should bring R50-00, Let us hear from you before the week-end.
Regards".
EXHIBIT T 19 - A letter dated the 17th of May,
1963, written by "James" and addressed to "Dear
Gambu":
1 "l. It would appear that we did not grasp the import of your communication when you
advised us to get ready a group of 28
matriculated students to be ready for an
air-lift on the 10th or 12th instant. As
a result we have worked at cross-purposes.
2. Two days ago we sent Percy to to Palapye,
where he found the letter from you In - 170 -
which you stated we should prepare
groups and keep them in B.E, and you
would arrange to have them picked up there.
We wrote you from there and stated that
the goods we now have already packed will
be railed from L,ob via L on the 18th.
We now would like you to arrange to collect
these consignments on the following dates:-
28 parcels on the 4th June, 1963.
28 " " " 11th June, 1963.
28 " " " 18th June, 1963.
28 " " " 25th June, 1963.
We have no money at all to run the
organisation. In the last three months we
have relied on loans. At present we are
unable to meet our expenses and the work
is being held back. Please send about
£10,000 immediately. Please acknowledge receipt of this
per return to enable us to tie up pre
parations at our end properly".
EXHIBIT T 20 - A letter written from London under date 21st of May 1963, by "M.T.B." to "Dear Booth", the last paragraph of which reads as follows:
"There seems to have been a misunderstanding
about * students’ . Dar was referring to the
Amadela-kufa and this has now been
straightened out. The position as we understand
from Dar is that they have arranged an air
lift plane. - 171 -
This is to fetch the amadela-kufa from B.P.
on that date and they request that you
arrange for them to be in B.P. on that
date without fail. This machine will carry
28 of them. Furthermore, Dar suggests that
as many amadela-kufa as possible should
be sent to B.P. before the 1st of July to beat the date-line on freedom of movement.
They will be in a position to negotiate
air-lifts and also devise other methods
of transporting them without much delay.
It appears, therefore, that numbers should
not concern you very much in regard to
clearance from B.P. These arrangements
have been made by Dar in pursuance of
your letter of April 3 in which you stress
urgency in this regard".
EXHIBIT T 21. - This is a letter addressed from
Lusaka under date 22nd of May, 1963, addressed by
"Jack Malobile" to "My Dear Uncle" reading:-
"I am writing to inform you that of the 19
parcels you sent me 12 have been confiscated
by the Department of Excise and the other 7
were captured but were later returned to me.
Kindly treat this matter as urgent, my friends
here are battling hard to get these parcels
not to be sent back but be kept here until
sufficient funds to pay for their release is
found.
Your nephew" . - 172 -
EXHIBIT T 22 - This is a letter written from
London under date 23rd of May, 1963, signed by
"M.T.B." addressed to "Dear Booth" of which the
last paragraph reads as follows:
"We have just received a cable from Dar
advising us that 12 of our students have been T' arrested in Lusaka. We are again contacting
M .P .’ s to see what can be done in spite of
the opinion expressed to you. In the mean
time, kindly find enclosed copy of
statement issued by the Pedral Government".
EXHIBIT T 23 - The letter dated the 24th of May,
1963, addressed by "James" to "Dear O.R.". It
reads as follows:
"This is to acknowledge yours of the 15th
instant as well as to raise a couple of very
important matters.
1. In a letter despatched last week we set
out dates for the despatch of goods to
the M.K. firm. Please urge Dar to let us
know if they will arrange for the delivery
on the dates. Parcels have already been
made up at our end.
2. We have no doubt you have already learnt
of the detention of some boys at Lusaka.
We hope they will be allowed to proceed,
or at worst be returned to B.E. Please
arrange for pressure to be exercised from your end. - 173 -
3. In your letter it appears that Dar wants
students for academic work. Very well,
we shall get down to the organisation of
such groups. But it is evident we must
find some way of making ourselves clear
to one another.
4. Other matters raised in your letter will
receive attention in the course of the
next few days" .
EXHIBIT T 24 - This is a letter dated 28th of May,
(the year is not given) addressed to "Friends"
and reading:
"Thanks for your message I got to-day. So
you will disregard my other report.
I would suggest the following allocations:
Transvaal 4 Natal 8'
E. Cap e 8
¥. Cape 6
Transkei 2 28
You may be surprised at the drastic
reduction of your Transvaal allocation. The
reason is that I got another message to-day, 0 that I have to communicate with you by the 30th. This has made it impossible for me to contact
the Committee here before I communicate with you.
I can only meet the Committee on the 8th,
because the teachers will be at an eisteddfod
this Saturday. The position with us here is 174 -
not clear to Committee but we can definitely
raise the 4 candidates independant of it.
Kindly write to the other centres on
the basis of the R50-00 on the above alloca
tions if you approve. I shall write to Natal
and E.C., but will not be harmful if you could
confirm. Hope you are not forgetting transport
arrangements to the airfields. I hope to
hear from you soon. Regards".
EXHIBIT T 25 - This is a letter dated the 30th of May,1963, addressed by "Thunder" to "Dear O.R." of which the following are extracts:
Paragraph 3 s Scholarships.
(a) In your letter you mention
that 20 students are
returning home by the month
end, We want clarification
on this. Are these M.K,
brothers (amadela-kufa) or
students engaged in academic
work?
When they arrive at Dar they
should be kept there until
we have clarification when
we shall give instructions»
(b) Your letter of the 21st gives
the impression that you do not
want academic students and
that you are making - 175 -
arrangements only for M.K.
This seems to cut across
your Instructions in yours
of the 15th in which you
stated: "Dar has 27 scholar
ships for the year 1963-64"•
We have accordingly suspended
our arrangements for the 28
academic students until we
hear from you.
Please state definitely
if you want students to take
up scholarships to do academic
l\ work. If you do we shall
send them early in July since
we have had to call off the
recruiting campaign for the
0 thers.
Paragraph 8 reads as follows:
"M.K. and people abroad:
There is a number of Africans
abroad and we think facilities
should be made available to them
to join M.K. and train if they /V ■j ,j ~ '/ W i.s h ,
Please study this matter, but we
, ' ' should not give the impression that
P f T ] £. students should abandon their
Paragraph 9 reads as follows: "Lusaka Incident: We have received a a fairly com prehensive report from one of the men who evaded arrest and detention at Lusaka last week. According to his report Sam did not meet them at the appointed spot, and as a result they had to arrange transport for themselves and thus became exposed. We take a serious view of this and would like to go into the matter immediate ly and take the necessary disciplinary steps after Investigation. We may add that it was after we had received the green light from him and a telegram to that effect that we sent away the boys to be met by him on the 20th or 21st". EXHIBIT T 27 - This is letter dated the 19th of June, 1963 and addressed to "Dear Friend". It reads as follows: "Thanks for the copy I received to-day. I was not aware of the changes of the financial requirements. I went to look for mail at that address and I found none. I must say that we have been working, in the Transvaal, on the basis of at least 75% of the students should be Matriculants. \ - 177 We were unable to get responsible recruits who, are matriculated. Before Wellington went in we had two, but we had to cancel them because of unsatisfactory behaviour. I then prepared students who are still busy with their Matric. These are now ready to go. I have here 4 (four) students from Port Hare and I doubt that they have got their certifi cates with them here, Though this was stressed to P.E. By word of mouth they are Matriculants these chaps have not got any money with them • A suggestion was made by W.M.S. that we must try and get those who are here away to the Protectorates by train. This means that they must have visiting permits to that place. I was told that accommodation is fixed there. But there is one chap from Port Hare who has not got a reference book which is needed for the purpose of the permit. Please let me hear from you if you approve of this arrangement, so that we can work on it from now on. They can leave as from the week-end in small groups of 4 or 3. Finally, I would like to mention the fact that we have no petty cash to help people like the Port Hare chaps with food. I have sent express letters to Natal and P.E. to let them know of the contents of your last note. Do we collect money from those who have brought any, and what do we do with it? Greetings", - 178 - EXHIBIT T 35 - This Ls a three-page document in the hand-writing of the accused MBEKI. Paragraph 2 under the heading " External Mission Reports" refers to: (1) Algeria: (a) Training slow because of language probl ems. (b) 67 in Algeria". EXHIBIT T 66 - This is a book published in America entitled "KILL OR GET KILLED". EXHIBITS WW, OS and AE - An extract from this pam phlet issued by the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS reads as follows: "Umkhonto trains the youth. We are cease lessly, thoroughly, training an army of liberation". EXHIBIT DH - This booklet "ASSEGAI" under cover "Oliver Twist" has the following extract on page 25: "The struggle will be hard and long and will meet with reverses; only high morale, strict discipline and deep faith in ultimate victory will sustain the forces. In Cuba,a nucleus of 12 dedicated men - plus a Pidel Castro - were able to succeed. Physical and ideological training - , target practice, map-3 - 179 - courses - must prepare the men for the extreme hardships certain to be en countered before victory is achieved..." WITNESSES: 1• OYRIL DAVIDS ) 2* OASWELL MBOXELE | These two witnesses attended a camp held at MAMRE during 1962 where they received training by way of lectures in free-hand exercises, first aid, use of field telephones, construction and working of the petrol engine, likewise a roneo machine, self-defence and political economy. Their training also included their having to listen- in to the news broadcasts and making notes thereon which was followed by a general discussion. Finally, readings from various text-books took place, particularly text-books on Guerilla ,.... ■,.. Warfare. 3. ALFRED JANTJIES ) 4. ISAAC RANI | These two witnesses testified to having been recruited in Cape Town for the purpose of taking up scholarships outside Africa. They duly proceeded and eventually found themselves in Dabrazid in Ethiopia. There they were taken to a soldiers’ camp where they underwent a 3-aionth course in training which included the following subjects : First Aid, swimming, map-reading, compass-reading, hand grenades, bazookas, demolition, road blocks, Molotov cocktails, ambush, rope- climbing, hand combat, obstacle crossings, Jerry can - 180 - bombs, mine bombs, booby traps, range finding, pistols, light machine guns, carbines, sketch drawing, broadcasting, construction of bridges, signals and use of bayonets. Both these witnesses on passing out were complimented by members of the A.N.C. en route back to South Africa and were reminded that their task,on returning to South A1/ i /LAs^ d Africa, was to teach others wha* they had been taught so that all of them could combine in their fight against the White man. 5* HARRY BMBA.NI - He was recruited in the f / M Eastern Province for the purpose of going, so he , p was told, to a school in Tanganyika, but he was not k p k \ told what the nature of his tuition would be. He vy« was warned that if he was not prepared to go he would be regarded as an enemy of the A.N.C. It was only when he, together with 36 others,had crossed the border that he learnt for the first time that they were going for military training in Tanganyika; en route they were arrested at Lusaka and eventually brought back to South Africa. 6. ESSOP SULIMA.N 7. PIET COETZEE ) 8* ENGLISH TOLO MA.SHILOANE ) These witnesses testified to the assembly of young Bantu males at the Morabi Hotel and the S.K. Building at Orlando preparatory to being conveyed in motor vehicles to across the border to Bechuanaland. At - 181 - some stage or other they were told that these recruits were Grossing the border In order to receive military training. In all there were approximately ten such conveys of trainees numbering in the neighbour hood of 300. 9. NORMAN DONDASHE ) ) 10* PETER PEYESI ) These two witnesses from the Eastern Province attended the Lobatsi Conference where the speakers, particularly the accused MBEKI and TAMBO - a co-conspirator - impressed upon those in attendance the necessity of recruiting young Bantu males for military training across the border, so that they could, upon completion of their training, return to South Africa and in turn teach others what they had been taught, so that eventually they could all unite in the fight against the White man. 11, BENNETT MASHIYANA - Those Bantu males who volunteered to train as soldiers were styled "Amadela-Kufa" (meaning despisers of death). They were to be sent for military training to Algeria, Ethiopia and Tanganyika and were required, upon completion of their course, to return to South Africa fully equipped to commit acts of sabotage and to train others to do likewise. 12 • IBEL MTEMBU - He was trained by HODGSON to make black powder which was to be used to destroy designated targets. His duties also Included the ■» 182 ~ recruiting of Bantu males, aged between 18 to 30 years, for military training in order to serve the cause of the UMK0NT0 WE SIZWE. He was in structed by accused MBEKI to meet expected trainees from Natal at Germiston on three specified dates during Ma^JL963. 12. BRUNO MTOLO - Prom time to time he had been furnished with various books, including the book on Guerrilla Warfare by Guevara which he was re quired to study. He also attended various lectures, including lectures for higher education in Communism, and was told that the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND were preparing further lectures as it was essential that they should know the history of their own people, as well as learn about the experiences of other nations from which they could gain valuable information for use in their own fight against the White people. He was also given literature dealing with explosives by HODGSON. In addition, he received personal instruction in the manufacture of explosives and weapons of destruction from the accused MOTSOALEDI, as well as from HODGSON and STRACHAN, both co-conspirators. In this regard see exhibits 1 to 5 which are samples of petrol bombs, pipe bombs, hand grenades and timing devices which he made according to the methods taught him by HODGSON and STRACHAN. Prom time to tiem he received instructions directly from the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND or through the - 183 - NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND that a number of recruits were required on specified dates for transport across the border in order to receive military training. He himself recruited a number of young Bantu males and on occasions accompanied them from Durban and Pietermaritzburg to Germiston Station. On the occasion of his first visit to Rivonia he was instructed that by the end of July 1963, the A.N.C. must organise 200 volunteers, and that by the end of October 1963> 2000 volunteers from the rural areas had to be organised. He was also told then that it was proposed to divide Natal into seven organisational divisions. He was expressly told that the volunteers were to be used in the service of the UMKONTO WE SIZWE. Finally, he was detailed to go into the rural areas and to Instruct other members of the organisation in the manufacture and use of ex plosives in accordance with the training he had received. * * 6. ACTUAL ACTS OF SABOTAGE. EXHIBIT R 1 - This is the document commencing with the words "Carrying out Orders". On page 24(13) the following appears under the heading of "SABOTAGE": "(1) Roads (2) Bridges - 184 - (3) Buildings. (4) Arm dumps. (5) Petrol dumps. EXHIBIT R 2 - This exhibit comprises two sets of documents. The following is an extract from the second document, to be found on page (32): '' Tasks of UMKONTO, first and second stage. (i) Sabotage of Government Installations)urban (11) Properties of Government )Area Foreign and local capitalists ) (iii) Setting up of groups in rural areas-. (1) Propagande among people (11) Intelligence information (a) Position of agricultural workers with special reference to the specific areas selected for regional command and possible future base areas. (ill) Sabotage of tele-communication, transport, roads, bridges, railway lines etc. Bantu authorities, est of separate states Bantustans. Immediate alms. We do not believe that sabotage alone can topple the Government but it can further isolate the White Government. EXHIBIT R 71 - This is the exhibit headed - 185 - "OPERATION MAXIBUYE". Part V of this exhibit Is headed "Detailed plan of Implementation" and under a further sub-heading "l. Intelligence Department" the following appears: "(e) Selection of targets to be tackled In Initial phase of Guerilla operation with a view to causing maximum damage to the enemy, as well as preventing the quick deployment of reinforcements. In Its study the Committee should bear In mind the following main targets: (1) Strategic roads, railways and other communications. (11) Power Stations. | (111) Police Stations, camps and J^y &u-h^ CtAUUytV military forces (iv) Major Industrial Installations, (v) Irredeemable Government stooges." EXHIBIT R 86 - Is a series of newspaper clippings referring,In the main, to acts of sabotage that had been committed throughout the country over the week-end the 15th to the 17th of December, 1961. This exhibit has been dealt with In detail above, see PART I at pages 77 to 78. EXHIBIT VV - This Is a pamphlet issued by the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS and has been fully quoted above in PART I at page 117. Extracts from this circular read as follows: "Sabotage erupts every other week throughout the country, now here, now there". - 186 - "Sabotage and murders multiplied last year". "Sabotage and murder will not cease"# EXHIBITS WW, CS and AE - These exhibits are copies of pamphlets which were distributed,as admitted by Defence Counsel, throughout South Africa about May 1963. This exhibit, too, has been fully dealt with above in PART I at pages 90 to 92. It mentions, inter alia, under the heading "UMKH0NT0 WE SIZWE that: "We have struck against the White State more than 70 times (boldly yet methodically). • We are trained and practised. We shall be more so". EXHIBIT 000 - This is a two-page document headed "UMK0NT0 WE SIZWE GREETS THE PEOPLE OP SOUTH AFRICA. A MESSAGE FROM THE HIGH COMMAND". It has been dealt with above in PART I at page 141. An extract on the second page of this document reads as follows: "We do not believe that the acts of sabotage which we have carried out in the past year will, in themselves, crush White supremacy. We see this activity is only the beginning of a movement which will grow in size and scope and which will confront the State with a people able to resist its force and ultimately to crush it. Our movement, led by those who belong to i | . I ft n n j p i \J\JAKslpUP-'' the most oppressed section of the population - L j the Africans - welcomes participation by ^ r, members of all racial groups," C n o P ^ r ^ - -J " , cLJ*' EXHIBIT AD - This is a double-page poster issued ,/>v i, z yt>v ~ ~ ~ ’ 4 ^ by the Command of the UMKONTO WE SIZWE and dated v v the 16th of December, 1961. It hasbeen dealt with above in PART I at pages 141 to 144. The opening paragraph of this exhibit reads as follows : "Units of UMKONTO WE SIZWE to-day carried out planned attacks against Government installa tions, particularly those connected with the policy of Apartheid and race discrimination". ^ EXHIBIT DH - This is the April 1963 issue of "ASSEGAI" .l^ider the cover of "CHARLES DICKENS OLIVER TWIST" ■j/^'A/Bxtracts from the Editorial read as follows: ■ryi However, destroying means of communications m " is particularly valuable as it disrupts the Government, the enemy, and can on occasions prevent them from attacking and defeating us, Psy chologically too, the mere fact that sabotage and Geurilla activity exist, creates panic and fear in the minds of the ruling class helps in the war of nerves. It also encourages the masses and serves to illustrate our potential strength". "Buildings, private or public, which belong to the Government, (whether individual homes or Pass Offices, etc.) or individuals who - 188 - administer apartheid, that is, the enemy, our obvious and important targets", EXHIBIT DJ - Is the May 1963 issue of "ASSEGAI" under cover of "The World's most famous short stories - pocket edition". The following extract appears on page 33J "Sabotage is an important revolutionary means but it should be distinguished from terrorism. Indiscriminate terrorism against groups of ordinary people is inefficient and can provoke massive retaliation. However, terrorism to repay the cruelty of a key individual in the oppressor hierarchy is justifiable but it must never be used to 0 eliminate unimportant individuals whose (' ■ A) l/ lA death would accomplish nothing but invite ^retaliation" . r i ITNESSES: A number of Police witnesses from all over the country testified to their personal investigation of the various acts of sabotage listed in -Annexure B (with the exception of item 185) and reported on their findings at the scene of crime. Amongst other things they found for example rubber s >/ gloves, similar to Exhibit 20, parts of plastic f a " J bottles - Exhibit 21, and a number of tins, some / JLH l AtM' Jf}}J ,n ti containing liquid and others aliminium powder. n A f } L V Exhibits 20 to 21 were recovered at the scene of Item 19 in Annexure B, in the course of which acts of violence one Peter Molefe, a member of the Hot-Wo* Sijml CftbU % & « * * , Ctaft«<| 1 wwtt«w"’*,lf > A.N.0. was killed, and another, Benjamin Ramotsi, % fW*> it-VV n r foiK also a member of the A.N.C#, was severely injured. 10 H CUcUic ? kMwA&r*f *4*1 ?^nc*i ScdC convicted. I SI o^ct uw /fc J Ol^cilr or*. lt*\A Finally, the Police testified that the persons /69 rtuK named in Annexure A as being agents or servants n^\ ^«qc of the accused were again, to their knowledge, }) ^ fkj The following is a classified schedule of the 192 acts of sabotage committed - classified in accordance with the headings of the selected targets as given in PART 5 of "OPERATION MAYIBUYE" Exhibit R 71 : f)(^aoi \f tfU*^ 0/UjOC ir "STRAGETIC ROADS POWER IRREDEEMABLE MAJOR RAILWAYS AND STATIONS GOVERNMENT INDUSTRIAL OTHER COMMUNI STOOGES INSTALLA CATIONS TIONS. HO I h*> C&k£pt A. RAILWAYS. A. PYLONS A. BUILDINGS and ton0*t* Beatty 73,74,76,93 Frivate tJeef cH l e s . PERSONS SStJVt. 95,104,110, f j S 111,123,134, 7,12,29,45, 41,58,59, 54,55,63, 135,149,156, 69.71,72, 60,67,101, 70,137 163,167,174, 89,91,107, I 144 115,120,. 176,181,184, Seven ] 122,126, Actsr 189. 170,193 Twenty acts. Fourteen 127,128,129 ( itt Ac t s. 147,155,162 Eighteen Acts. • 190 - STRATEGIC ROADS POWER IRREDEEMABLE GOVERN- RAILWAYS AND STATIONS GOVERNMENT MENT BUILD OTHER OOMMUNI-? STOOGES BUILD- CATIONS. INGS. B. TELEPHONE B. SUB B. POLICE GOVERN CABLES AND STATIONS HOUSES. MENT XH55 BUTXDINGS TRANS 47,50,61, FORMERS 18,24,25 4,5,6,8,9,10, 66,68,182, 11,34,36,37, 14,15,32, 26,40,39, 192, 53,62,65,86, 82, 57,75,79, Seven Acts, 87,88,90,92, Four Acts, 84,105, 94,96,97,98, 106,143, 148 166 99,100,103, , , 108,109,116, 171,175, 118,119,121, 180, 125,132,136, Eighteen Acts, 139,140,141, 142,145,150, MUNICIPAL 151,152,153, BUILDINGS. 157,158,160, 13,16,17, 161,164,165, 19,23,28, 168,169,172, 30,51,77, 173,178,179, 186. 78,80,117, Fifty Six 124,138, Acts, 154,187, 188,191 C.POST BOXES Twenty One Acts. 1,2,3,33,42, 43. GOVERNMENT Six Acts, vehiqLe^ ' 38,130 Two Acts D. RADIO MASTS. OTHER 64, BUILDINGS 21,31 E. POST OFFICES ( @ @ , 1 4 6 20,22,27,35, Nine Acts, 44,81,83,133, 159,183. Ten Acts. -191- BRUNO MTOLO - This self-confessed saboteur from Natal testifies to the commission of 28 acts of sabotage, the majority of which he personally committed. The remainder were reported on by his co-conspirators of the NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND. As already pointed out these acts were committed under direction of the NATAL REGIONAL COMMAND who in turn received their instructions from the NATIONAL HIGH COMMAND at Rivonia. A.BEL MTEMBU - This witness, a member of the JOHANNESBURG REGIONAL COMMAND testified to the reports made to that Command with regard to five acts of sabotage committed under the jurisdiction of the JOHANNESBURG REGIONAL COMMAND. ENGLISH TOLO MASHILOANE - The herbalist, practising and living at the S.K. Building, Orlando, testified r l to reports he had received from accused MOTSOALEDI with regard to four acts of sabotage. REGINALD NDUBE - This witness from the Eastern Province testified to his participation in the manufacture of bombs whieh were used with success, and refers in particular to three acts of sabotage. ':/ Q • Q L v m ' One of these acts resulted in two young Bantu girls being severely burned, one of whom p \ eventually died as a result of the injuries received. _ . V BENNETT MA.SHIYANA - Also from East London, 11 ...... — ----— a ? testified to the commission of two acts of - 192 - sabotage as reported on by members of the organisation. JOHN TSHINGANA - The taxi-driver from Port Elizabeth testified to the commission of two acts of sabotage. PETER NOYOMBU - This witness from Port Elizabeth testified to two acts of sabotage In the commission of which he personally participated. NORMAN DONDASHE - This witness, also from Port Elizabeth, testified to a single act of sabotage in which he himself took part. The afore-mentioned witnesses testified that they were members of the AFRICAN NATIONAL CONGRESS and/or the UMKONTO WE SIZWE on whose directions and command the various acts of sabotage were committed. The two explosive experts,CRUYWAGEN and VAN DIJK, testified to their personal examination at the scene of crime in respect of 19 of the acts of sabotage in Annexure B. They detailed their findings, which included explosives (in some instances which did not go off) and various component parts and substances, as well as I accessories, all of which corresponded to the N\ specifications detailed in the documentary i y\r \ V >u 1 1 exhibits handed in, and conformed to the oral in Itestimoney of several witnesses who related how a o I ^W *'«j L fbhey were instructed to manufacture explosives - 193 - and did in fact do so. Cruywagen further testified that the diagrams and sketches, as well as the formulae and specification, found in various documentary exhibits, and dealing with the manufacture of explosives and weapons, are all technically correct and effective. Finally, that other non-documentary exhibits found at Rivonia, e.g. R 189 to R 196, are substances that could be used for the manu- facutre of explosives and weapons. 9. THE FURTHERANCE OF THE AIMS AND OBJECTS OF COMMUNISM This section relates to Count 3 of the indictment and has been dealt with in the preceding pages. The conspiracy to commit acts of sabotage (Count No. 2) and the actual commission of the acts of sabotage, in furtherance of the conspiracy (Count 1) fall within the ambit of Communism as defined in Section l(ii)(b) of Act No. 4 4 o f 1950, as amended, and thus also constitutes a contravention of Section 11(a), read with Section 12 of the same Act. The definition in question reads as follows: "Communism m eans.,,,,...... in particular, any doctrine or scheme which aims at bringing about any political, industrial, - 19*+ - social or economic change within the Republic by the promotion of dis turbance or disorder, by unlawful acts or omissions or by the threat of such acts or omissions or by means which include the promotion of dis turbance or disorder or such acts or omissions or threats". 10* the receipt and expenditure of monies FOR FURTHERING THE AIMS AND OBJECTS OF THE CONSPIRACY. This relates to Count No. 4 and has also been dealt with above under paragraph 5(C) which deals with the provision of funds for financing the conspiracy. (See pages 141-147). 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