MAY/JUNE 2017

VOLUME 58 | ISSUE 3

Of Populists and Mutants

POPULISM RISING

All Populisms Are Not Created Equal Advertising Populism in Hungary “Grab ’Em by the Patriarchy” Research in Pain

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on the cover Earlier this year, AN asked members to respond to populism and news populist movements from a global, anthropological perspective. A mural depicting Hugo 22 FIELDNOTES ON Read on for a selection of pieces from the series and see the AN Chávez, Elorza, Apure THE PROFESSION website at www.anthropology-news.org for more. State, July 28, 2105. PhD Students Talk about ARTE UNOK 03 ALL POPULISMS ARE NOT CREATED EQUAL Jobs By Robert Samet and Naomi Schiller 23 ASSOCIATION NEWS Venezuelans chose between two competing populist projects with starkly different visions of inequality and privilege. New Fellows and Awards 06 ADVERTISING POPULISM IN HUNGARY AAA Members in the News By Andria D. Timmer From Ed’s Desk In 2015 the government used billboards to promote its anti- Anthropology Day 2017 immigration stance. A satirical opposition hit back. World on the Move AAA on The Hill For 10 “GRAB ’EM BY THE PATRIARCHY” Humanities By Salih Can Aciksoz and Zeynep Kurtulus Korkman New AAA Staff An emergent feminized/queered resistance could unsettle the AAA 2017 Spring Ballot masculinist politics of today’s populist leaders. 14 RESEARCH IN PAIN 33 IN MEMORIAM By Sally Campbell Galman 34 JOBS BOARD 18 OF POPULISTS AND MUTANTS By Agnes Mondragón and Steven Schwartz 36 ANTHROVICE Venezuela’s public murals depict creative, continuing relations between “the people” and Chávez. 37 PROFILE Gina Athena Ulysse

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All Populisms Are Not Created Equal VENEZUELANS CHOSE BETWEEN TWO COMPETING POPULIST PROJECTS WITH STARKLY DIFFERENT VISIONS OF INEQUALITY AND PRIVILEGE.

We have been conducting fieldwork in Venezuela since the early 2000s, and like many of our colleagues, we reject the Trump/Chávez comparison. For starters, such comparisons rely on cultural stereo- types. The notion that Americans need to look outside of the United States to under- stand Trump’s authoritarianism, racism, or manipulation of stark class inequality reflects an enduring belief in American exceptionalism. More importantly, such comparisons sidestep the content of politics; they render insignificant the differences between an anti-capitalist who sought to build a type of socialism and a billionaire real estate developer who wants to further deregulate Wall Street. What deserves further analysis is the populist piece of the puzzle. Such an anal- ysis must begin by bracketing vernacular understandings of “populism” as some- thing primitive, reactionary, corrupt, or anti-democratic. This isn’t easy. Populism’s ROBERT SAMET ROBERT Crime reporters at work. toxic reputation has significant potential to undermine engagement with both the concept and the movements it is used to describe. It also means moving beyond By Robert Samet and Naomi Schiller the cottage industry of comparisons that reduces populism to a style of leadership. Fetishizing figures like Chávez and Trump ugo Chávez is back. A seemingly endless stream of ignores the origins of populist movements. commentators insists that the way to understand Ethnography demands a more grounded approach. Donald Trump is by analyzing the practices of the late Populism, as Laclau (2005) famously ar- gued, begins with “the people.” This is the Venezuelan president. The argument usually pivots common denominator of every populist movement. It is also democracy’s starting around the idea that as a “populist strongman” Trump draws from point, its imagined community. There is— H quite literally—no democracy without the the same playbook as Chávez. demos. Since the mid-20th century, main-

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 3 stream political theory has worked to erase the link between democracy and assertions of the popular will, to highlight instead liberal norms, institutions, and procedures. Anthropology should not follow suit. An ethnographically informed approach to populism begins by taking it seriously, not as shadow or sideshow, but as the razor’s edge of mass democracy. If populism is dangerous, then this is not despite its dem- ocratic credentials, but because of them. In the obsession over all-things Chávez, it is easy to overlook the fact that contem- porary Venezuela is home to not one but NAOMI SCHILLER two competing populist movements. These Catia TVe leader organizing in a barrio. twin populisms are usually referred to as “Chavismo” and “the opposition” and they can be described, schematically, as “left” What does it mean to take Catia TVe’s video production courses for and “right.” Both have their origins in the new volunteers provided instruction not late 1970s, when Venezuela’s oil economy these populist movements only in how to make television, but how to began to falter. International lenders like seriously as objects of assume a class perspective. At one video the IMF and World Bank pushed a series of production workshop in 2007, Gregorio, neoliberal policies that placed the burden ethnographic analysis? a Catia TVe staff member, asked his 17 of recovery on the poor, the working class, students to describe their motivations and the middle sectors. Tensions grew. In objects of ethnographic analysis? Under- for joining the workshop. They spoke of a 1989 a popular uprising fueled by anger at standing the specificity of any populist desire to “unite our community,” “spread inequality and the imposition of austerity movement means understanding how and the news of what we are doing,” and “res- measures left hundreds, possibly thou- on whose behalf “the people”— democra- cue our values.” They referenced a “we” sands, dead at the hands of the state. Most cy’s vital fiction—is constructed, contested, and an “us”—that indexed their imme- accounts link this crisis to the rise of the and performed. diate geographic neighborhoods or their populist movement that later coalesced nnn involvement in the state-funding projects around Hugo Chávez. What is important, and programs to combat poverty—but and usually overlooked, is that another, Naomi conducted research at Catia TVe, avoided naming a class position. Gregorio more conservative populist movement, a community television station in west pushed back. He insisted that the trainees also originated in this same time period. Caracas where participants were firmly recognize themselves explicitly as belong- Rather than blaming failed economic pol- aligned with the Chávez-led Bolivarian ing to a class and equated this collectivity icies, it argued that neoliberalism had not Revolution. A central goal of Catia TVe’s with the concept of “the people” based on gone far enough. work in poor communities, where they their experience of economic and polit- The shared history of Chavismo and the taught video production and documented ical subordination. Taking some of the opposition allows us to see that democracy people’s problems, was to cultivate a sense participants by surprise, Gregorio argued is a terrain of struggle. Critiques of the of subaltern political identity connected to that community media producers needed Chávez era often pretend otherwise. They a concept of class. While their interlocu- to reject a stance of impartiality. “We are pretend that Venezuelans chose populism tors’ often cast Chávez as the main agent totally partial towards the people,” Grego- over procedural democracy. A historically of change, Catia TVe producers attempted rio declared. “The country is divided into informed perspective presents a different to characterize the urban poor and their two and this is a class struggle. That’s what picture. Venezuelans chose between two communities as the righteous self-deter- we are saying.” competing populist projects with starkly mined “people” who participated and led This exchange illustrates a central different visions of inequality and privilege. revolutionary state formation. Even as they tension within the Bolivarian Revolution Both Chavismo and the opposition are created close relationships and alliances and its vision of “the people.” If the move- complex, fluid, and heterogeneous political with middle class intellectuals and cultural ment drew energy from the experience movements. What does it mean to take producers, they insisted that “the people” of dispossession and the precariousness these populist movements seriously as referred to the popular or poor class. of life in the barrio, its articulation of this

4 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG experience was in no way fixed. Despite crime and insecurity constructed them as Catia TVe’s efforts to ground “the people” perpetrators. in a class identity, many of their fellow nnn travellers embraced a vision that was more closely pegged to the figure of Chávez. The Venezuelan case shows that pop- The struggle over what constituted “the ulism is ideologically promiscuous; the people”—a class identity or political alle- political left, right, and center can advance giance to the president—reflected a series populist politics. If we are not careful, the of internal hierarchies and contradictions populist analytic can obfuscate the vital that largely went unaddressed within the difference between efforts to challenge NAOMI SCHILLER Bolivarian Revolution, but which nonethe- Catia TVe producer interviewing. social inequalities and those that deepen less drove it forward. them. It can be used to ignore questions

nnn of privilege and domination. It can also The experiences of crime justify demagoguery. Reclaiming populism Robert carried out research on the is dangerous and we do so provisionally. private press and the populism of the victims dominated crime We do so because we believe that “the pop- opposition. The movement against Hugo news because they served ular” is the insurgent terrain upon which Chávez drew on a wellspring of grievances contemporary struggles for equality and against the government—for example, as a kind of shorthand for social justice are either won or lost. That charges that social-welfare programs the Venezuelan people, was certainly the case in Venezuela. fostered corruption, that international aid Here, in the US, it is vital to understand programs robbed Venezuelans, or that shorthand that carried how popular movements are made not sim- efforts at police reform emboldened crim- ply to critique them but also to build them. inals. However, the opposition struggled implicit racial and class What shared aspirations can be mobilized to assert a popular mandate. In addition to connotations. to connect masses of people with different being internally fragmented, the oppo- stakes and vulnerabilities? What can we do sition was led by political and economic to build justice and equality globally against elites, which made it difficult to create a a quick thought exercise, “Suppose that in newly emboldened movements that ad- broad-based coalition. One avenue that Venezuela there are approximately 50,000 vance exclusionary visions of nation-states activists pursued was crime and insecurity. delinquents. That’s a lot, but in a country as the possession of a people defined in Opposition parties like Popular Will and of 28,000,000 that’s an infinitesimal num- racialized and ethno-religious terms? The Justice First made insecurity a foundational ber. In other words, the majority of us are lines have been drawn—at the borders, concern. In the process, they refigured the victims. There are 50,000 people out there around voting precincts, in our bathrooms; national-popular subject in the image of a who are affecting more than 27,000,000. a provisional populism of the left demands crime victim. What I am saying is we are all victims.” that we recognize as much. Crime journalism was a key node for In other words, the experiences of crime observing the opposition’s efforts to claim victims dominated crime news because Robert Samet is assistant professor of a popular mandate. The discourse of crime they served as a kind of shorthand for the anthropology at Union College in Sche- victimhood divided the world into two Venezuelan people, shorthand that carried nectady, New York. His current book categories, the victimized sano (someone implicit racial and class connotations. project, Deadline: Crime Journalism and clean, healthy, wholesome) and the per- The mass mediated trauma of crime vic- the Will to Security in Venezuela, explores petrating malandro (someone dangerous, tims in Venezuela was powerful because it the relationship between populism and the thuggish, criminal). This discourse ground- drew on the material experience of soaring press through an ethnographic study of ed crime in stark racial and class-based crime rates. As a strategy for popular mo- crime reporters. distinctions. Empathetic victims were bilization against the Chávez government, whiter and wealthier. Suspect criminals however, it had mixed results. This may Naomi Schiller is assistant professor of were darker and poorer. have been because many of the people that anthropology at Brooklyn College, CUNY. It is significant that the majority of crime it sought to mobilize came from sectors Her forthcoming book, Channeling the reporting in Venezuela focused on the that were themselves criminalized. If poor State: Community Media and Popular plight of crime victims. A journalist from and working class Venezuelans recognized Politics in Venezuela, examines how people one opposition newspaper explained that themselves as victims of violent crime, used community television to participate this was deliberate. She took me through they also recognized that the discourse of in state formation during the Chávez era.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 5 IN FOCUS POPULISM RISING

A defaced government sponsored billboard. The text, which has been painted over, reads “If you come to Hungary, you must keep our laws!” STEFAN ROCH

Advertising Populism in HUNGARY IN 2015 THE isitors to Hungary in in the spring of 2015 were likely to GOVERNMENT see blue billboards scattered around the country, pri- USED BILLBOARDS marily in the capital city of Budapest. While they may TO PROMOTE ITS have noticed that several were defaced, it is unlikely ANTI-IMMIGRATION they would have understood the message or its purpose, although the STANCE. A SATIRICAL Vslogans were ostensibly directed toward outsiders. In Hungarian the OPPOSITION HIT white text told would-be migrants to keep out or, if they must come, to BACK. abide by Hungarian laws. Unsurprisingly, the billboards were ineffec- tive in keeping out migrants, but they did achieve their real purpose: By Andria D. Timmer to foment public anxieties about immigration, incite fear of outsiders, and create a climate of xenophobia favorable to the right-wing populist government. The billboards appeared on the Hungarian landscape pri- or to the refugee crisis of 2015, but were essential in framing the gov- ernment’s response and providing support for its isolationist policies.

6 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG garian citizens were extremely concerned Hungary, which borders Europe’s Schen- about protecting their borders. gen Area in which free travel is allowed. The billboards were a powerful visual From June to September, humanitarian representation of the survey results; they organizations and individual activists proudly displayed nationalist and xenopho- worked to provide food, shelter, and bic rhetoric that presumably came from information to migrants traversing the a concerned public, not the government. country. Conversely, the government One read, “If you come to Hungary, you maintained its xenophobic position, and must keep our laws.” Another, “If you come rather than investing in infrastructure to Hungary, don’t take Hungarian jobs!” for processing asylum seekers, put its The messages were written in Hungarian, resources towards the construction of a a language rarely spoken outside Hun- border fence. A government spokesperson gary, and supposedly aimed at economic expressed the administration’s rationale: migrants who, as Orbán explained in the introductory letter to the survey, cross We have always emphasized that the the border illegally to “enjoy our welfare first issue you do is to control your bor- systems and employment opportunities.” ders. If you’re not able to control your While directed at these nameless, face- borders, anything else—talking about less, dangerous migrants massing at the the quota, thinking in terms of treating borders, the billboards were intended for and feeding and solving the problem a domestic, Hungarian audience. Public is impossible because if you’re not in opinion was “measured” by the survey and control, then it’s impossible to introduce then distributed in such a way that made any kind of measure (personal commu- invasion seem imminent. nication, June 2015).

The billboards were On September 15, 2015 the government erected a razor wire fence to close the a powerful visual Serbian border and on October 16, the representation of the border with Croatia was sealed. From this point on, the border was only open at two “IF YOU COME TO HUNGARY, YOU survey results; they proudly “transit zones” along the south. MUST KEEP OUR LAWS” The border fence and other anti-im- In 2010, the right-wing national populist displayed nationalist and migrant policies were quite efficient and party, Fidesz, gained political control of the xenophobic rhetoric that the flow of asylum seekers into Hunga- Hungarian parliament and Viktor Orbán ry effectively stopped. Despite the fact was appointed prime minister. Migra- presumably came from a that there were now very few migrants tion did not appear on the political radar concerned public, not the or refugees in the country, the govern- until January 2015 when Orbán made an ment maintained a strong rhetoric of anti-immigration speech following the government. anxiety over border security and a sense Charlie Hebdo attacks in Paris, which of national belonging. In the run-up seemed to resonate with the public. Soon The 2014 Eurobarometer survey to the October 2, 2016 referendum on after, the government initiated a Na- indicated that few Europeans considered the EU’s migrant quota plan (to require tional Consultation on Immigration and migration a top concern but by June 2015, member states to each settle a propor- Terrorism to survey public attitudes. One the situation had changed. During what tionate number of asylum claimants) a question on the national survey, for exam- has been called “Europe’s refugee crisis” second government sponsored billboard ple, asked: “There are some who think that hundreds of thousands of migrants and campaign hit the streets, this one aimed mismanagement of the immigration ques- refugees from Syria, Afghanistan, Iraq, at “informing” the public of the threat tion by Brussels may have something to and other Middle Eastern and Northern posed by migrants and sending a message do with increased terrorism. Do you agree African countries entered Europe with of rebellion to Brussels. Here are some with this view?” Through the use of use of the aim of gaining asylum in Germany examples of messages: heavily biased push polling questions such or another relatively welcoming Western ●● Did you know? The Paris attacks were as this one, the survey showed that Hun- European country. Most passed through committed by migrants.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 7 ●● Did you know? Brussels wants to but with a lower than 50 percent turnout, to point to evidence that “the people” deport the equivalent of a town of the results were nonbinding. do not want outsiders in Hungary. In an migrants to Hungary. Critics of the government assert that interview with the news site portal888.hu, ●● We send a message to Brussels so they the anti-immigrant messages served only Orbán declared, “It is not the Hungarian understand it, too! to distract the public away from other government rebelling; it is the people, Despite a low voter turnout (40.4 per- more pressing issues such as health care and the government represents what the cent), 98 percent of those who took part and education. And while this may be the people want.” With this claim to represent voted in favor of the government’s plan to case, the referendum and its campaign the popular will, the current regime has reject the EU proposal. The result repre- slogans displayed on billboards across criminalized migration, severely restricted sented a victory for Orbán’s government the country allowed Orbán and his party access to humanitarian aid, and advocated for placing all asylum seekers in detention while their applications are under review.

“DID YOU KNOW? PEOPLE ARE NOT STUPID” Far from creating the voice of a homoge- nous public, the billboard campaign has opened up a space for dissent and protest. During the first campaign, government billboards were routinely defaced and alternative posters put up, many by the satirical political party Kétfarkú kutya Párt (Two-Tailed Dog Party, MKKP). These messages were primarily in English and proclaimed “Sorry about our Prime Minister!” and “Come to Hungary, We’ve got jobs in London!” During the govern- ment’s 2016 “”Did you know?” campaign, a number of rival posters announced: STEFAN ROCH STEFAN ●● A Kétfarkú kutya billboard reads, “If you are the Hungarian Prime Minister, you must keep Did you know? There is a war in Syria. ●● our laws!” Did you know? People are not stupid. ●● Did you know? More than 1 million people want to leave Hungary for Europe. These slogans poked fun at the gov- ernment’s claims while also highlighting Hungary’s socio-economic problems, which are prompting many in the intellec- tual class to emigrate westwards (precisely the aim of many economic migrants). In this case, satire is particularly effective because it is one of the few avenues of resistance available to citizens. Hungary’s media is largely controlled by the govern- ment or those closely affiliated with the ruling party. The left-wing opposition is fragmented and lacks a strong leader. As such, those who oppose the government often lack a medium through which to

STEFAN ROCH STEFAN voice their objections. They might also A poster sponsored by Kétfarkú kutya pointing to the number of Hungarian citizens who be afraid to voice dissent since so many emigrate in search of better economic opportunities elsewhere in Europe. Hungarians are reliant on the public sphere

8 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG for employment. The satirical posters satirical posters have claimed some success. consultation—this time focused on the therefore provide a safe and simple way to A similar protest poster campaign attempt- civil sector—and framed nongovernmental express disapproval. ed to derail government ambitions to host organizations as one of “five threats” facing In purporting to demonstrate evidence of the 2024 Olympics with a message that the Hungary (including immigration). This popular support, the government’s billboard money would be better spent on socio-eco- current position was made possible in part campaign fabricated consensus among the nomic policy areas like health services and by the billboard campaigns that helped to Hungarian public, manufactured an image education. However, Fidesz’s anti-immi- create and maintain a public majority that of lawless migrants, and stoked a discourse grant position still appears an effective tool is supportive of such isolationist policies. of crisis in which the sovereignty of the in galvanizing the support of those on the Push-back, although present, is relatively nation’s borders were under imminent right, and the billboards are just one of the quiet and unable to stem the right-wing threat. Plastering these messages across the ways in which the party crafts itself as the populist tide. physical landscape of Hungary, the govern- authentic voice of “the people.” ment demonized migrants and effectively More recently, the government has Andria D. Timmer is assistant professor provided the false impression of widespread continued to strengthen its anti-immigrant of anthropology at Christopher Newport support for their policies. Very few people stance. On March 7, 2017, parliament University. Broadly, her research concerns turned out for the referendum vote and approved a measure to detain all asylum civil society, particularly in Hungary. She most of my informants in Hungary charac- seekers in detention camps construct- is the author of Educating the Hungarian terize the public as fairly apathetic on the ed from converted shipping containers Roma (2016), and her current research issue, “Hungarians don’t care, but if they do, until their cases are heard. At the same investigates humanitarian responses to they are on the right.” That being said, the time, Orbán has called for a new national refugees entering Hungary.

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ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 9 IN FOCUS POPULISM RISING

“Grab ’Em by the Patriarchy”

AN EMERGENT FEMINIZED/QUEERED RESISTANCE and masculinity in Turkey, public culture COULD UNSETTLE THE MASCULINIST POLITICS OF analysis in Turkey and the US, and our participant observations at protests in TODAY’S POPULIST LEADERS. both countries, we argue that these forms of counterhegemonic politics can only be By Salih Can Aciksoz and Zeynep Kurtulus Korkman understood in relation to the gendered po- litical logic of new right-wing populisms. n an age marked by the global ascendency of right-wing We also observe that such genres of power and resistance circulate transnationally populist politicians, from Donald Trump in the United States through social media and activism. to Vladimir Putin in Russia to Tayyip Erdoğan in Turkey, nnn we witness an over-visibility of masculinity as a constitutive Art and activism attune to the emergent before academia and institutional politics, part of the political repertoire of the contemporary populist wave and have been producing an abundance of Iand its emergent critiques. In this article, we sketch a comparative gendered and sexualized critiques of hy- per-masculinized political power. Almost visual ethnography of the gender and sexual politics of our populist anticipating Trump’s “look at my hands” political milieu. incident, feminist artist Illma Gore painted a satirical nude portrait of Trump with a distinctively small penis a few months In the US, among the many “sexual before his now infamous comments. The scandals” that adorned Trump’s race to the painting was titled “Make America Great presidency, his bragging about his penis Again,” Trump’s campaign slogan that was size was perhaps the most difficult for first used by Ronald Reagan in his 1980 mainstream political opposition to respond electoral campaign—a landmark phrase in to. It was, however, a most productive the global ascendancy of gender conser- point of entry for less conventional artistic/ vative neoliberal counterrevolution. The activist critics, who reacted with a series effect that Gore created by juxtaposing of figures and images that depicted Trump Trump’s phallic emphasis on “greatness” with a small penis to ridicule his claims to with the corporeal miniaturization of his virility, and by implication, political power. penis was remarkably impactful. After she Far from an idiosyncratic example, the posted the image on social media with the controversy over Trump’s penis is globally MARIAN KAMENSKY caption “My latest painting of @realDon- emblematic of contemporary populist Marian Kamensky’s satirical rendering aldTrump, because you can be a big prick of relations between Donald Trump and leaders’ gendered political power and the despite what is in your pants!” the image Vladimir Putin. opposition to it. went viral and was shared hundreds of Trump is one of several hyper-mascu- thousands of times before being banned. linized populist leaders of our times who we ask why and how the contemporary After sharing that she received death and are all vocal about their renewed gender opposition to right-wing populisms in- rape threats and was physically assaulted conservative agendas. By tracing the creasingly takes gendered and sexualized, by a Trump supporter, Gore responded: feminizing and queering political repre- and even pornographic forms. Drawing “Anyone who is scared of a painted ‘small sentations of such masculinist leaders, on our ethnographic researches on gender penis’ doesn’t scare me,” inverting the

10 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG Trump is one of several hyper-masculinized populist leaders of our times who are all vocal about their renewed gender conservative agendas. economy of fear that Trump supporters sought to establish through their violent quest to restore Trump’s, and by extension their own, threatened white supremacist masculinity. Gore’s portrait was one of many artistic and activist representations and slogans that challenged Trump’s claims to mascu- line power. A few months later, a series of nude effigies depicting Trump with a min- iaturized penis and no testicles appeared in public in five American cities. Entitled “The Emperor has No Balls,” the guerilla art pieces were created by artist Ginger and ordered and placed by the anarchist collective Indecline. Inspired by Gore’s portrait, the statues sought to undermine

Trump’s sense of entitlement through the KORKMAN SALIH CAN ACIKSOZ AND ZEYNEP KURTULUS very same means he claimed it: masculine 2017 Women’s March in Los Angeles. embodiment. After unhurriedly remov- ing the effigy placed in Union Square, a body and fat shaming. Nevertheless, the by the patriarchy,” which inverted Trump’s NYC Department of Parks and Recreation feminist movement is already rearticu- comment, “grab them by the p***y,” to chal- spokesman joined the humor, declaring lating this discontent and amplifying it lenge his masculinist political persona. that “NYC Parks stands firmly against to challenge Trump’s masculinist popu- nnn any unpermitted erection in city parks, lism in other ways. The Women’s March no matter how small.” Gore’s and Ginger’s in January 2017, the first national mass We have started this line of analysis in an works were part of a broader social media protest following Trump’s election, did so attempt to understand President Erdoğan’s environment in which photoshopped not by feminizing Trump but by mobi- authoritarianism and resistances to it in images of Trump with feminine make-up lizing femininity itself. While receiving Turkey (Aciksoz and Korkman 2013a, and dresses circulated widely, alongside due criticism for its lack of cognizance of 2013b). During the 2013 Gezi Uprising the slogan, “F**k Trump.” cisgender privilege and for equating sexual in Turkey, city walls were covered with This genre of resistance articulates organs with femininity and womanhood, sexually-offensive swearwords question- discontent with Trump’s political perfor- the march succeeded in marshalling the ing Erdoğan’s penis size, heterosexuality, mance of white upper-class masculinity masses by positively asserting symbols of and impenetrability. Challenging Erdoğan through which he asserts, garners, and femininity—from pussycat hats to vagina with threats of feminization, the resistance legitimizes his political power. At the imagery—as symbols of resistance. Among often mimicked, tainted, and reversed same time, art and activism challenging the protest’s many innovative slogans Erdoğan’s masculinized power through the Trump’s masculinist performances of against racism, sexism, homophobia, very same gendered idiom. Visuals also power through feminizing and queering transphobia, ableism, Islamophobia, and served to feminize and queer Erdoğan, imagery is justly criticized for fostering xenophobia, one that particularly resonat- such as a street art project that preceded misogyny, homophobia, transphobia, and ed with our argument here was “grab ’em the uprising but became popular in its af-

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 11 termath—a large political poster featuring Erdoğan, which was painted over in pink, including some blushing of his cheeks, and entitled “You’re so cute.” What made the uprising popular was partially the inverted incorporation of masculinist state power, epitomized by the chant used by demonstrators to taunt the Turkish police: “Go on, spray, go on, spray. Go on spray tear gas. Strip your helmet, drop your baton. Let’s see who is the real man!” On the one hand, this created a space in which to question and resist political authority. On the other hand, the sexist, homophobic, and transphobic COLLECTIVE THE STREET ARTISTS’ tones of this language otherized women, “You’re so cute” street art project adds blusher to Erdog˘an’s cheeks, Ankara, Turkey. LGBTIQ individuals, and sex workers, who were among the main actors of the in combat pants—his signature masculine to masculine power have the potential to uprising. As a response, feminist and queer costume—kissing. Similar memes, such as destabilize the masculinity they project activists reclaimed and transformed the one depicting Trump, Erdoğan, and Putin and promise to restore, and to expose resistance language through strategies riding bare-chested on a single horse, and denaturalize the purported relation such as covering (hetero)sexist graffiti on triplicating Putin’s favored horse-riding between masculinity and political power. walls with purple paint, urging “no cursing pose, circulate widely on social media. We further contend that this potential is of women, gays, and whores,” organizing The repeated representational conven- limited by the misogyny, homophobia, and feminist and queer swearing workshops, tions of these images suggest an emergent transphobia that are often reproduced by and subverting masculinist chants, for transnational genre of political criticism critiques that present themselves in the example by substituting “see the gays” for that ridicules masculinist performances same idiom of masculinist power they seek “see the real man.” of political power through feminizing and to counter. The challenge for critical social

nnn queering gestures. movements in the current populist era is It is important to note that while mas- to mobilize and rearticulate this revelatory In underlining the resonances between culinity as a repertoire of political power potential with struggles for social justice these forms of masculinist political power or the feminization of political leaders for and gender, sexual, and racial equality. and resistance in cotemporaneous yet dis- the sake of political humor is neither new tinct contexts, we would like to point to an nor necessarily subversive, there is some- Salih Can Aciksoz is assistant professor of emergent and increasingly transnational vi- thing emergent here. The novelty lies, we anthropology at the University of Cali- sual genre of feminized/queered resistance. argue, in the exaggerated and self-reflexive fornia, Los Angeles. His research is in the This can be observed in globally circulating character of these political performances areas of medical and political anthropol- representations, which mock masculinist of masculinity—of populist leaders and ogy, gender and disability studies, critical populist leaders through identical visual artistic-activist responses—in an age when phenomenology, and affect theory. His tactics, including photoshopping their heteromasculine privilege cannot be com- work has appeared in Medical Anthropol- head portraits with caricaturized feminine pletely taken for granted. These right-wing ogy Quarterly and Culture, Medicine, and make-up, often consisting of eye shadow, populisms rise in a reactionary relation to Psychiatry. lipstick, and a comical touch of blusher, or the recent gains of feminist and LGBTIQ, placing a rainbow flag into the background as well as racial and ethnic justice, move- Zeynep Kurtulus Korkman is assistant of photographs. Other representational ments. In this social and political moment, professor of gender studies at the Universi- tactics include placing these men togeth- while populist leaders endeavor to garner ty of California, Los Angeles. Her research er in scenes of queer familiarity, such support through flashy reassertions of interests include transnational feminisms; as a pride parade or a sexually intimate hyper-heteromasculinity, their critics seek neoliberalism and neoconservatism; pose. For example, a caricature entitled to turn these gendered performances into gender, labor, and affect; and religion, “All You Need is Love” by the cartoonist a masquerade. We argue that the femi- secularism, and the public sphere, with a Marian Kamensky features a business nizing and queering critiques of populist regional focus on Turkey and the wider suit-clad Trump and a bare-chested Putin leaders’ excessive and exaggerated claims Middle East.

12 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG STANFORD UNIVERSITY PRESS

The Social Life of One Blue Child Politics Asthma, Responsibility, Ethics, Kinship, and and the Politics of Union Activism in Global Health Argentina Susanna Trnka ANTHROPOLOGY Sian Lazar OF POLICY

Soundtrack of the Revolution A Taste for Home The Politics of Music The Modern Middle Class in Iran in Ottoman Beirut Nahid Siamdoust Toufoul Abou-Hodeib STANFORD STUDIES IN MIDDLE EASTERN AND ISLAMIC SOCIETIES AND CULTURES

Just Violence National Matters Torture and Human Rights Materiality, Culture, in the Eyes of the Police and Nationalism R achel Wahl Edited by Geneviève STANFORD STUDIES Zubrzycki IN HUMAN RIGHTS

sup.org stanfordpress.typepad.com IN FOCUS POPULISM RISING

14 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 15 16 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG SALLY CAMPBELL GALMAN IS AN ARTIST, ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR OF ANTHROPOLOLGY AT UMASS AMHERST, AND EDITOR OF ANTHROPOLOGY AND EDUCATION QUARTERLY.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 17 IN FOCUS POPULISM RISING

Of Populists and Mutants VENEZUELA’S PUBLIC MURALS CONJURE CONTINUING RELATIONS BETWEEN “THE PEOPLE” AND CHÁVEZ.

By Agnes Mondragón and Steven Schwartz

n the days following Donald Trump’s inauguration, a number of Latin American commentators rushed to establish paral- lels between the new president and Latin American political leaders in the US media. One commentary went as far as defining “[p]opulism, authoritarianism, personalism, machismo, Iracialism, and caudillismo”, now applicable to Trump’s presidency, “as ills almost inherent to Latin American political culture” (Va- cano, NBCnews.com, November 22, 2016). Politically, the region has frequently served as an instance of what Trouillot (1991) called the “savage slot”: an Other in the symbolic self-construction of the West onto which it projects whatever it wishes to dismiss about it- self. It is not surprising, then, that when the US narrative of excep- Elorza, Apure State, July 28, 2105. tional democracy is perceived to collapse, the gaze turns south for answers. Hence Trump’s rendering as the first “caudillo yanqui” or intimacy is brought about, among other means, by the countless unofficial public “America’s Hugo Chávez.” But, does such comparison hold water? murals that depict the former leader—mu- rals that contain such creative excess that We should be alert to what we mean Venezuelan visual artist Gregory Escobar when we talk about “populism” and to has baptized them “mutant.” the crucial distinctions between so-called populist regimes. Populism is form, not REFRACTING THE SPOTLIGHT content; it is a structuration of political An easily overlooked achievement of life that cuts across radical ideological Chávez’s presidency (1999–2013) was his differences (Laclau 2005). It promises, for reclaiming of a political space for forgotten instance, a renewed sense of immediacy social groups, granting them centrality in between “the people” and the political the national imagination. Such restoration leader. But, while this connection is pro- was largely mediated visually, materially duced in part by means of Trump’s early and discursively, from Chávez’s TV show morning tweets, in Chávez’s case such Aló Presidente—where he’d give away

18 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG ARTE UNOK ARTE Elorza, Apure State, July 28, 2105.

houses to poor families, read excerpts from C. L. R. James’ The Black Jacobins (1938), vilify capitalism, sing, or dance to revolu- tionary hip hop lyrics—to a new currency, which displays the portraits of Negro Primero and Indio Guaicaipuro, a maroon and an indigenous hero of the War of Independence and archetypes of contem- porary afro and indigenous communities (the lowest echelons of Venezuelan race/ class hierarchy). Although Chávez’s presi- dency polarized Venezuela, his self-styled political movement was sustained by ongoing relations with the excluded groups GONZ ACOSTA he made visible, and who continue to keep Caracas. October 9, 2014. Escobar’s comments on Facebook: “This is the last supper of the him “alive” after his death. Mutant Murals in Revolution.”

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 19 Murals became one way of preserving place. And if some murals are highly cre- this connection. Escobar has compiled ative, all the more reason to post them.” many of these graphic representations in While many of the Chávez murals are in- his social media project Murales Mutantes spired by official photographs or portraits, en Revolución (Mutant Murals in Rev- their excess and originality—inspired by olution). Launched in 2013, the project fiction, cosmology, and history—lies in is dedicated to capturing “the beautiful, the artists’ personal perspective. These sometimes deformed and funny street ubiquitous public depictions go beyond expressions of Chávez, Bolívar, and other mass-produced visual replicas of a key characters of our imaginary.” His collab- ideological concept, towards highly orators are among the 4,000 Facebook, diverse representations and reconceptions Tumblr, and Instagram followers who of the leader—those intended by the artist take pictures of murals on the Venezuelan and those introduced by Escobar. streets and send them to Escobar, who One of the murals recreates da Vinci’s then adds his own political and aesthetic Last Supper, with socialist leaders and leftist commentary. His witty interpretations are MARÍA ENDRINA CASTILLO rebels replacing the apostles on either side Caracas. Escobar’s comments on Facebook: not meant to criticize the murals them- of Jesus: Marulanda (the founder of the “The creator of this mural has a rather selves—as some have accused—but rather peculiar view of politics. Populism, FARC), Fidel Castro, Che Guevara, Mao, to use humor to reflect on people’s forms confidence in the people, Messianism…” Lenin, Marx, Simón Bolívar, Chávez, Simón of engagement with the Chavista state. “Look at this caimán [wild] symbolism. A Rodríguez (Bolívar’s mentor), and Guaicai- nervous Chávez PULLED by sweat… with puro (as identified by Escobar’s caption); as FROM IDEOLOGICAL REPLICAS TO the smallest feet in the world, looking at well as Alexis Gonzalez and Fabricio Ojeda. MUTANT LOVE (AND LAUGHTER) the sky (which includes a kind of rainbow- On the table, a yellow Bible sits before Jesus, As Escobar pointed out to us, the image sun) before jumping into the crowd, in a the Little Red Book before Mao, and, before of Chávez is a persistent feature of the kind of “hold me” motivational exercise or Chávez, what came to be known as his Little murals. At first glance, this seems to be a mosh pit.” Blue Book: the Venezuelan Chavista Con- indicative of a process of normalization of stitution (together, the three books compose sorts. Alexei Yurchak (2005) has dissect- visual and discursive representations were the colors of the Venezuelan flag). Chávez ed the discourse of visual propaganda of increasingly separated from his person often carried this blue book in one of his the late Soviet state by examining, among after death—portraying him as young and front pockets, along with a metal crucifix. other things, the standardization of the strong, and recontextualizing his quotes— Another mural depicts a bust of Chávez, figure of Lenin into a limited number of depictions of Chávez quickly drifted away wearing his usual red beret, with a halo, visual representations, which bore official from his appearance as a sick man in his a green face and, in big letters, the phrase names: “Our Il’ich,” “Lenin with children,” 50s, by rendering him vigorous and robust, “I’m still with you all.” Escobar’s caption “Lenin the leader,” and so on. To what ex- even as a hologram youthfully walking the adds, “It was going to be a great mural, tent the Soviet state—mediated, perhaps, streets of Caracas. no doubt. I personally like it. But, green? by its Cuban counterpart—served as an Whereas Soviet artists reproduced WHY? GREEN? A slightly bloated Chávez inspiration for the murals we do not know, standardized forms of Lenin’s image down whose skin color is GREEN and that SAYS but resonances between both leaders’ to the minutest detail, the Venezuelan “I’m still with you all!?” The green of the bodies and their visual representations are murals are peculiar, mutant transforma- decomposed, the zombie, the rotten…! common. Recall that Chávez’s body was on tions. As Escobar asserted, “I have always Like Pete Rose, you’re a guy of great talent the point of being embalmed—an idea that wanted to highlight what is not imme- who made a wrong decision. XD” To which was eventually discarded—while Lenin’s diately evident in the murals. That is, to someone responds, “…but instead of seeing embalmed body lies on display in a mauso- show creative expressions when perhaps him rotten, I see a Chávez Hulk, stronger leum in Red Square. And like Lenin, whose they weren’t planned as such in the first than ever.” Yet another commentator adds, “Yes, yes, you’re right, but shut up. It’s our Depictions of Chávez quickly drifted away from his twisted but coherent way of celebrating those who should still be alive.” appearance as a sick man in his 50s, by rendering him The creative possibilities expressed in vigorous and robust, even as a hologram youthfully the murals open a space for political satire, which Escobar humorously exploits. And walking the streets of Caracas. his satirical commentary opens yet another

20 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG space for competing political The creative possibilities expressed in the murals open a space interpretations, and even for longings on the part of the Ven- for political satire, which Escobar humorously exploits. And his ezuelan people. The viewpoints reflected in the murals and the satirical commentary opens yet another space for competing sardonic or sincere meanings political interpretations, and even for longings on the part of the attached to them comprise fun- ny, colorful, and surprising ways Venezuelan people. of making legible the relation between the indeterminate pub- Chávez mobilized the lics that constitute “the people” Liberator’s power for his move- and Chávez, dead and alive, ment—as others did before and transcendent and still intimately after him (Samet 2013)—along close. with his own charisma and As Laclau (2005) states, eclectic socialist project. A populism consists, in part, of the crucial factor that helped to construction of unified political propel him into the presidency identities—“the people”—out of and that enables him to linger heterogeneity. Who constitutes today among the living, is the “the people” cannot be theorized power he mastered to be at once in advance, but once we see the transcendent—in all the vastness discursive means by which it is of the fantastically wealthy pet- set apart, it is possible to grasp ro-state—and a down-to-earth,

the crucial specificities of each NELSON ROMERO intimately human leader who populist regime. The popular Location unknown, February 18, 2015. Escobar’s comments was felt to be at one with his sentiments about Chávez that on Facebook: “Chávez was a baseball person. And this mural people. This dialectic produced inhabit the mutant murals must wants to make that clear. This athletic Chávez doesn’t have a reciprocally reinforcing power, be seen in light of Venezuela’s a clue of what he’s doing. Although holding a basketball, between Chávez’s people and the postcolonial history and the he is about to “dunk” it into a soccer goal, while the hoop, people’s Chávez, simultaneously unpunished, is standing nine feet above. Slam dunk goal!” magic afforded by the abundance keeping each other present in of oil (Coronil 1997). Before the national imagination. Chávez, such magic was partly condensed around the figure Agnes Mondragón is a PhD of the Liberator Simón Bolívar, student in sociocultural an- images of whom were already thropology at the University of ubiquitous in Venezuelan public Chicago. Her research interests space (Taussig 1997). Bolívar, include the Mexican state at perhaps the most important the turn of the 21st century, hero in many of South America’s religious practices, historical/ independence wars, was not national imaginations, mass me- only a symbol of the power of diation, secrecy and spectacle. the nation; his representations are endowed with such power Steven Schwartz is also a PhD (by means of the ideological student in sociocultural an- work of the state), which is then thropology at the University of REYNALDO GOITIA disseminated across figurations Chicago. His research interests Caracas. July 10, 2016. Escobar’s comments on Facebook: of figurations—pictures of paint- “Devastating Mural. Yes, Chávez managed to shut the beak include resource extraction, ings, poems, statues—and which of the gringo eagle (just for a while). But he has been fatally indigeneity, and illicit flows is grasped, in turn, by means of wounded, full of bloodstains and yellow skin from the across the Venezuela-Colom- folk nationalist-religious practic- infected bites. But he smiles. He smiles at his imminent death. bia borderlands. Together they es, such as in the María Lionza Small victories. The gringo eagle does not understand. Let’s have an ongoing project on the devotion. cry now.” anthropology of Chavismo.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 21 FIELDNOTES ON THE PROFESSION

PhD Students Talk about Jobs

Daniel Ginsberg fault, and “feeling” its presence even given AAA Professional Fellow information to the contrary. Another participant told me about a Recently, I’ve been interviewing anthropol- departmental speaker series that she’s run- ogy PhD students about their job search ning in which she tried to include a panel and career aspirations. This is part of a of graduates working outside academia. research project that the AAA’s Committee I wasn’t surprised when she told me that on Practicing, Applied, and Public Interest the event hadn’t come off, but I didn’t Anthropology (CoPAPIA) initiated in expect to hear that the panel was initially connection with the NAPA/AAA Careers a professor’s idea, and that it was canceled Expo at the 2016 Annual Meeting, seeking for lack of student interest. Even though, to learn more about how departments sup- as she said, port their students in the transition from school to career. That was an example of faculty kind of Based on the conventional wisdom, I saying, you know, this is something that expected to hear stories of dismissive and you guys should be looking at, hostile advisors who considered profession- als with PhDs to be failed academics. What the students didn’t see it that way and my participants actually said, however, was presumably saw themselves as destined much more interesting. They may feel mar- for the tenure track. Is the belief that ginalized, but when they think about it, they all PhD students are future professors so realize it’s not that simple. One interviewee strong that students reject attempts to told me about her “aware” and “supportive” prepare them for professional careers? committee, but then told me, If they do hope to become practicing anthropologists, why might they feel hos- There is a bit of like, ‘Oh, it’s a secret! Is the belief that all PhD tility toward their professional aspirations Don’t tell people that you’re applying to even when no one says or does anything non-academic jobs! Like, you tell them students are future hostile? after you got it,’ sort of a thing… In January, this column featured an professors so strong that infographic showing that even though voicing a belief that non-academic goals students reject attempts faculty jobs are becoming rarer, students were not to be discussed openly. She did are mostly not considering alternatives. not attribute this opinion to anyone in par- to prepare them for This qualitative analysis suggests that ticular, so while she claimed that “there is a professional careers? at least in these participants’ experi- bit of” this attitude, we cannot say whether ence, it’s not enough to encourage PhD she felt it to be present in faculty members students to consider professional careers outside her committee, her fellow graduate Um, and so, that might not even be true. and to support them when they do. We students, her own self-concept, or maybe Our facul- like other faculty might be need to do more. I encourage academic even a sort of departmental or disciplinary very supportive of non-academic career anthropologists to think about ways of collective unconscious. She continued, choices, but there’s at least this feeling normalizing careers outside the acade- “you tell them after you got it,” but without that they’re not. my by providing diverse mentoring and specifying who “they” are. An interest in internship opportunities, maintaining ties professional anthropology seems taboo; She admitted that aside from her supportive with non-academic alumni, and design- despite her committee’s support, she de- committee, she had no knowledge of other ing professionalization offerings beyond scribed a context in which openly applying faculty members’ attitudes. Instead, she academic writing and teaching. The goal for non-academic jobs is something one grounded her assumptions in a “feeling” is not merely to accept practicing anthro- simply does not do. that they’re not supportive. It’s conceivable pology as a valid option, but to question On reflection, however, she seemed to that she had the same preconceptions as I the perceived hierarchy of careers that reconsider, had, expecting academic chauvinism as de- places the tenure track on top.

22 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG ASSOCIATION NEWS

New Fellows and Awards

Attiya Ahmad, assistant professor of anthropology at George Washington University received an inaugural Luce/ACLS Fellow- ship in Religion, Journalism and International Affairs for his project “Halal Tourism: Gendered Muslim Aspirations amidst the Spoils of War in the Middle East.” Attiya Ahmad Elizabeth Chilton

Elizabeth Chilton, professor of anthropology and associate vice chancellor for research and engagement at UMass Amherst, has been named dean of the Harpur College of Arts and Sciences at Binghamton University.

Elizabeth A. Davis, associate professor of anthropology at Princ- eton University received an ACLS Frederick Burkhardt Residential Fellowship for her project, “The Good of Knowing: War, Time, and Transparency in Cyprus.” Davis will be resident at the Institute for Robert Lee Munroe Alisse Waterston Advanced Study, School of Historical Studies during academic year 2017–2018.

Robert Lee Munroe has been selected as a fellow of the Associa- tion for Psychological Sciences (APS), in recognition of his sustained contributions to the advancement of psychological science. If you have received an award or appeared in the media recently, please let us know by emailing our Alisse Waterston, professor of anthropology and president of the marketing and communications manager, Anne AAA has been appointed as a presidential scholar at John Jay Col- Kelsey ([email protected]). lege of Criminal Justice, CUNY.

AAA Members in the News

Kristina Killgrove Chip Colwell Angela Stuesse Sophia Balakian

Kristina Killgrove interviewed Chip Angela Stuesse appeared in national Sophia Balakian spoke with the Illinois Colwell for Forbes.com about his work and international coverage of DACA News Bureau about her doctoral research on the repatriation of ancestral human re- recipient Daniela “Dany” Vargas’ on refugee resettlement processes, mains and funerary and sacred objects, his detention by ICE agents, shortly after and fieldwork among Congolese and take on the recent returning of Kennewick advocating for immigrants’ rights at a Somali refugees and with UN and US Man, and his thoughts on the importance news conference in Jackson, Mississippi. government officials in Kenya. of public outreach in anthropology.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 23 ASSOCIATION NEWS

FROM ED’S DESK interventions is obvious, but that doesn’t make it so. And it is not enough to write Relevance, Found in Translation for other anthropologists and say to the rest of the world, “I put my stuff out there, come and get it.” No, insights are rom agricultural ex- the rapid response network as a necessary, but not inherently relevant or ports to Zika, the need manifestation of colonial legacy, actionable. It is incumbent on us to show to foreground peoples’ structural white privilege, and how our insights are relevant, and to do so lived experiences in a “white-savior industrial com- we must engage in translation. As Benton the policy equation is more plex”; and ultimately pushing notes, for our insights to be actionable, we Facute than ever. Swimming back against the request to must first know for whom specifically our against a stiffening current, we temporarily set aside theorizing recommendations are produced. have much distance to cover to and conceptual critique in favor Our writing must be clear and direct. make sure our work, undertak- of short-term pragmatism. Prescriptions for action must be practica- Benton’s critique is timely, ble. We are writing for policy professionals en for whatever purposes, can Ed Liebow welcome, and provocative. As inundated with things to read and who be adapted to enrich the sub- Executive Director stance and context of urgent an Association, we are seeking have limited time to make practical public policy discussions. support for a more permanent choices. At the same time, we must not While our members are not in unani- platform through which we can rapidly apologize for the complexities of context. mous agreement on whether we should be mobilize networks of local and internation- Our argument cannot be exceptional- professionally involved in policy debates, al experts on culture, social organization ist—as in, this policy is defective because there is a pretty strong consensus. A and process in the event of an emerging it doesn’t apply to this one place. All policy recent survey undertaken on AAA’s behalf global health crisis. Such networks can involves a tradeoff between benefits and indicated that 81 percent of our members support the synthesis and exchange of burdens. It is necessary to convey how bur- agree that “anthropologists should play a critical information, provide in-depth dens are distributed, but relevant advice stronger role in public debates over social knowledge of local social and cultural makes room for mitigation and remedia- issues.” At the same time, only 52 percent practices, and collaborate on the design of tion, acknowledging that the inevitability believe that their work personally “has locally appropriate public health interven- of burdens carries with it a responsibility clear public policy implications,” and even tions. A rapid response would be made for things that go wrong. fewer (44 percent) think their work is “rele- possible because practically everywhere in Our advice cannot overdrive its vant to the day to day lives” of the general the world, anthropologists work in places headlights; relevant advice should only public. where crises emerge, have extensive and address matters directly illuminated by our Adia Benton leads off her recent critique diverse networks of colleagues, including research findings. And we must recognize of the AAA’s 2014 involvement in respond- local colleagues, and possess a strong com- that recommendations are not the same as ing to the West African Ebola outbreak by mitment to assist in the settings in which conclusions. citing the opening remarks at an event that we live and conduct research. Finally, the most relevant advice we can fall, where the speaker urged the assembled How we organize and implement such offer will focus first on the near term. Of group and extended network to make sure a platform can benefit greatly from a course there is a longer-term outcome we the insights compiled at this event would be forthright assessment of where we have may have in mind, but we need to try to “relevant” to decision-makers involved in fallen short of our expectations about break it down into a series of contingent the Ebola response (Anthropological Quar- both process and outcomes. What I find short-term steps for it to be actionable. We terly 90(2): 501–530). Benton apparently provocative about Benton’s critique is the might wish that our audiences keep the understood the speaker to be saying that we eminently reasonable question of what it long-term consequences of their actions are not yet relevant, which gave her pause means to be “relevant,” and further, as she front and center, but in doing so we sub- to ponder whether this was indeed the case. asks, whether we are “already relevant.” stitute introspection for observation. Our She then proceeds to unpack the notion of For me, relevance is an outcome of observations will tell us that most public “relevance”: questioning how advice can the process of turning observations from agency decision makers must operate be “actionable” if it isn’t tied to particular the community and the laboratory into within legal and regulatory constraints that audiences; doubting “ten things” lists of interventions that improve the health and reward incrementalism. Our relevance must possible actions as overly simplistic and not well-being of individuals, families, and be renewed again and again through trans- obviously anthropological; critiquing the communities. We may think the connec- lating what we know into forms and formats exclusion of West African scholars from tion between our research insights and that our audiences will find recognizable.

24 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG Anthropology Day began in 2015 as a way to encourage anthropologists to share and celebrate the discipline with the world around them. Since then, thousands of students, professors, and practitioners have come together on the third Thursday of each February to shout their love of anthro- 1,628,749 pology from the rooftops. It is our vision Twitter reach for #AnthroDay (including that Anthropology Day will help anthro- users across 6 continents) pologists around the world expand public knowledge of the field and the work done by anthropologists within communities, to in- spire the next generation of anthropologists. Anthropology Day allows each par- ticipating group to celebrate in the way they choose, making the activities that are planned as diverse as the field. Each year groups plan activities ranging from department open houses to trivia nights to workshops in K–12 classrooms. Groups interested in planning events for 2018 can 186 get in touch with Anne Kelsey at akelsey@ groups/organizations registered for americananthro.org for information and Anthropology Day Anthro Day swag.

53 anthropology clubs, 103 departments of anthropology, 5 community college groups, 3 high school teachers, 18 museums and other organizations in 12 countries took part: l Belize l Lebanon l Canada l Mexico l Czech Republic l Pakistan l Guatemala l Portugal (and partners from the Society for American AAA staff l India l Turkey Archaeology, the National Geographic Society, George Washington University and l Kenya l USA Washington Association of Professional Anthropologists) visited 3 local schools and made a total of 7 presentations to around 200 elementary/middle school students.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 25 ASSOCIATION NEWS

WORLD ON THE MOVE Cities as Migrant Emplacement

SÃO PAULO RAPPERS ARE REMAKING THE CULTURAL SPACE OF THE CITY.

By Derek Pardue

We’ve joined forces with AAA’s public education initiative “World on the Move: 100,000 Years of Human Migration” to run an ongoing series of articles on migration and displacement. Read all our World on the Move articles on the AN website.

Current events continue to remind us that migration is a matter of urgency. Polit-

ical leaders and community groups feel DEREK PARDUE under pressure to respond to what they Surpise 69 and Z’Africa Brasil meet one another. perceive as a sudden threat, an invasion of irreconcilable difference. Humanists tend East Asian migration. During the Portu- who consider themselves native Brazil- to interpret these encounters as critical guese colonial period (1500–1822) and ians—against Haitians, Congolese, and moments of human rights violations the subsequent monarchy (1822–1889), Senegalese. “Ebola carriers,” and “Welfare and exploitation. The rush of collective Brazil was the most popular destination for queens riding the tails of Dilma’s com- anxieties and feelings of fear often divert African slaves in the Americas. São Paulo’s munist policies [former president ousted attention away from the more sustained recent population rise, beginning in the in a recent coup]” comprise some of the visibility of settlement or what a cadre of months following the 2010 earthquake in common epithets. The presence of new, mobility scholars call “emplacement.” Far Haiti, is due initially to growing economic black migrants also demonstrates “insur- from the traditional notion of essential opportunities throughout Brazil and favor- gent citizenship”: an organized counter roots based in time immemorial, the prac- able foreign political relations established politics that destabilizes configurations tices of making place are not at odds with during the first decade of the 21st century. of power. Examples include elected West mobility but, in fact, part of the present The documentation process is relatively Africans as members of municipal advisory moment of globalization. Contemporary quick and cheap, and in São Paulo there councils and Haitians employed as training cities, in particular, make this increasingly is a growing infrastructure of institutional staff for public health care providers. What obvious. support. São Paulo’s pull factors combine is insurgent is that a range of new public In this brief essay I call attention to with a series of push factors, ranging from spaces have become valuable for collective how inter-cultural networks, in this case violent wars (Congo, Nigeria, Syria) to po- organizing and inter-cultural dialogue. between Haitian and Brazilian rappers, litical turmoil (Angola) to natural disasters In my current research project, I have street dancers, and graffiti artists produce (Haiti) to widespread economic downturns identified three types of sites in which commerce through new uses of urban (Senegal and most of West Africa). African migrants are remaking São Paulo: space. The Global South is a major player I focus on these “new Africanos” because residential/dwelling, commercial/cultural, in human migration and a partner in their presence provokes a reconceptu- and religious. I realized that to appreciate knowledge production. alization of race within debates around the dynamics of the squatter movements Since 2012, Brazil’s largest city of São migration and urbanization—particularly or the new evangelical congregations, I Paulo has emerged as a migrant destina- curious in a country significantly built on needed to expand my purview beyond tion. The increase in travel to São Paulo African labor and the ideologies of racial the immediate vicinities of downtown is not a new migatory trend, but one that mixture. We have witnessed, for example, tenement buildings or storefront churches. follows generations of intense African slave violent expressions of xenophobia and I needed to focus also on the trajectories trade and later Southern European and racism among older migrants—those of urban mobility and accompanying social

26 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG encounters. We find parallels with expres- sive culture as well. In the 1970s, the vertical shopping mall Galeria Presidente was a meeting place for early Black Power movements, and people involved in música black (black music). In the 1990s, when I first started conducting fieldwork, the Galeria was the place to traffic hip-hop styles and knowledge, along with other popular culture identities in- cluding reggae and heavy metal. Today, the mall is almost exclusively an African space with networks developed through scores of languages other than Portuguese. The mall is a dense, complex web of several kinds of commerce and services, including food, music recordings/studio production, fashion, hairstyle, groceries, and remittances. Rap music holds a special

place here because the mixed tapes sold and PERMISSION FORTHCOMING event flyers distributed are increasingly the Local graffiti artists and the rappers pose and take photographs. product of inter-cultural dialogues. This convergence of musical styles often takes Parque is situated on a hill overlooking the ginal” as positive, self-affirming cultural place in the periphery to be later distributed Berrini Avenue area, one of the densest identifiers. This pride continues in new ex- and commercialized in the Galeria. One concentrations of wealth in South America pressions, such as marginal literature and such example is the partnership between filled with several corporate headquarters slam poetry, organized in dozens of sarau Surprise 69, a group of three Haitian rap- and luxury hotels. or open microphone events each day. pers and a Brazilian DJ, and Z’Africa Brasil, Banks and Z’Africa Brasil frontman I met Surprise 69 in February of 2016 a veteran rap group from the Southside of Gaspar cut their teeth during the 1990s, at a GRIST (Group of Homeless Refugees São Paulo with four Brazilian members. gaining experience in workshops spon- and Immigrants) planning meeting. The During my initial fieldwork for this proj- sored by municipal departments of culture group formed in Peru, a common stop for ect (January–July 2016), I observed a rift aided by the general popularization of hip migrants on their way to Brazil. between migrant interest groups located hop’s four elements (rap, DJ, graffiti, and On July 2, 2016, I arrived for the Sur- downtown and coordinated by Brazilians, street dance). Banks joined the legendary prise and Z’Africa Brazil meeting with my and those active in the urban periphery B-boy/girl Backspin Crew, and Gaspar 11-year-old son and Ralph, an aspiring and run by immigrants. Unsurprisingly, formed Z’Africa Brasil, a rap group in Haitian rapper. Banks and his Real Parque the issues revolved around agency: Who homage to the 17th century Afro-indige- crew opened up their homes, offered food should speak for migrant experiences and nous maroon warrior Zumbi. I met Banks and drink, cued up the Surprise 69 demo political concerns? My idea was to use hip- in 1999 and Gaspar in 2002. songs from their pendrive, and told us hop as a medium of approximation and The 90s was a boom era for hip-hop and about the transformation of the neigh- cultural production. So, after months of the massive success of local heroes, such as borhood after the 2010 wildfire from a planning, veteran street dancer Banks and Racionais MCs and Thaíde e DJ Hum, drew shantytown into a public housing project. I scheduled an afternoon for Surprise to the attention of disenfranchised youth Gaspar arrived with a wide grin and his meet Z’Africa in Real Parque. Real Parque and young scholars. Scores of publications hand extended. He took center stage and told is a neighborhood located on the “oth- emerged from Brazil’s elite universities long stories about his recent trip to Montre- er” side of the Pinheiros River, a natural with the takeaway message that hip-hop al, Canada and his memorable meeting with landmark that generations ago acted as describes a reality that is increasingly the Haitian artist Vox Sambou. This meeting the margin between city and country. First prevalent among Brazilians. Importantly, got Surprise members’ attention, “Let’s built in the 1950s as an improvised squat- hip hoppers alongside a heterogeneous record a little something, and I can send ter community by indigenous migrants group of cultural activists recast the urban it on to Vox Sambou. He has WhatsApp. from the Northeast region of Brazil, Real geographical terms “periphery” and “mar- We are constantly in touch… Let’s do this!”

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 27 ASSOCIATION NEWS

Gaspar urged. They framed the song they Migrants’ use of the city, emplacement, I suggest that not only are recorded as a conversation on racism and its places products of social interaction but also role in humanity, a story with a long history whether in enclaves of that these locations are parts of circuits held in Brazil and one with new contours and together through urban mobility. Migrants’ significance in present day São Paulo. affinity or multicultural use of the city, whether in enclaves of affinity Hours passed as we drank and ex- interest groups, is producing or multicultural interest groups, is producing changed cards, lyrics, tracks, T-shirts, and the new constitutive spaces of São Paulo. The tall tales. Local graffiti artists completed the new constitutive spaces overall lesson is a spatial one—migration re- the mural in homage of the great rap of São Paulo. shapes cities through encounters and should martyr Sabotage, and everyone posed for provoke us to rethink how we “measure” photos and selfies. We were all posturing. men, in this case, have recast themselves the impact of migration as well as how we By way of conclusion, I echo the pithy as local rappers and in so doing reinforce theorize the urban. statement of Brazilian researcher Patricia a tradition of linking urban periphery cul- Costa when she confessed, “I realized that tural production with downtown cultural Derek Pardue is associate professor and to migrate is to accumulate stuff” (2015). commodification. This spatiality is a prod- coordinator of Brazilian studies in the For African migrants, it is an accumulation uct of the encounter, which is increasingly Global Studies Department at Aarhus Uni- of vulnerability as well as an opportunity common in global cities. versity, Denmark. He will be a senior fellow to accumulate cultural capital. Hip hop is By developing my analysis of the Galeria at the Hanse-Wissenschaftkolleg (HWK) in one medium through which young Haitian Presidente and other active sites of migrant Germany during 2017–18.

AAA on The Hill for Humanities

AAA helped the National Humanities Alliance (NHA) storm Capitol Hill in Washington, DC, on March 14 to pro- mote the National Endowment for the Humanities (NEH) and build relationships between the local humanities community and Congress. Communications director Jeff Martin, a graduate from Arizona State University, was part of the contingent that visited the offices of Arizona Senators John McCain and Jeff Flake, as well as Representatives Martha McSally, Tom O’Halleran, and Kyrsten Sinema. In addition to promoting the NHA and NEH contributions to the economy (the arts and culture sector is a $704 billion industry) and valuable programs (the NEH’s Warrior-Scholar Project provides an “academic boot camp” for veterans en- AAA communications director Jeff Martin (far right), with (left to right) Jacqueline Reilly, tering or returning to college), the NHA academic and professional affairs associate at the National Communication Association; reps asked Congress to reject any attempt David Bennett, legislative assistant for Sen. John McCain; and Cora Fox, the interim by the Administration’s budget proposal director for the Institute for Humanities Research at Arizona State University. to eliminate or drastically cut the NEH or the National Endowment for the Arts. a framework for the most current policy virtue of technology, we increasingly need “It is the humanities which ground, debates,” wrote Leonard Lance (R-NJ) and the humanities to help us understand the inform, and shape our civic, cultural, and David Price (D-NC) in a letter to their cultures and languages we encounter and intellectual lives, providing a context and colleagues. “As our world gets smaller by the context in which we encounter them.”

28 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG New AAA Staff

Scott Hall joined the He focused on placing the client on a sure tention activities. Tonieh AAA staff in March footing for analytics and data, providing also assists with data 2017 as the manager, them with the ability to evaluate the long- processing for mem- database and web term ROI of a project. bership applications services. In this role, A graduate of George Mason University, and helps to ensure the he brings 20 years of Scott received a BS in public administration integrity of data in the nonprofit and technology and studied database and web technolo- member database. experience to the management and devel- gies. Not one to remain idle for long, Scott Tonieh comes to the AAA with three opment of AAA database projects. He also is constantly learning and exploring new years’ experience working for associations works with Vernon Horn in overseeing and methods and technologies. To unwind, he and over two years’ experience working managing the AAA websites. enjoys hiking with his family, exploring local in membership and marketing. She’s Prior to joining the AAA team, Scott trails on his bicycle, and catching up on the created marketing campaigns, recruitment spent 10 years working with various latest curling and hockey games. initiatives, analytical reports, and standard professional societies, trade organizations, operating practices. and educational foundations as part of the Tonieh Hansford joined the AAA in Tonieh graduated from Radford University management team with Association Man- March 2017 as the membership coordina- with a bachelor’s degree in communications agement Group. Leveraging his experience tor. She works with the member services and is now pursing her MBA at Excelsior in nonprofits and technology, Scott helped team to develop marketing materials and College. In her spare time, Tonieh likes to AMG’s clients to innovate and get the campaigns to support the promotion of partake in DIY projects, spend time with her most out of their technology endeavors. membership and coordinate member re- family, and hit the gym.

Essential reading from berghahn Follow us on Twitter: @BerghahnAnthro STARRY NIGHTS WHOSE COSMOPOLITANISM? Critical Structural Realism in Anthropology Critical Perspectives, Relationalities and discontents Stephen P. Reyna Edited by Nina Glick Schiller and Andrew Irving “This is an important and timely collection of essays by one of the “The strengths of this volume are numerous . . . This collection, without leading exponents of a scientific, materialist anthropology . . . I could see hesitation, is an asset, a timely contribution to a number of fields.” the usefulness of this collection in seminars on theory at the graduate – Anthropological Forum and undergraduate level.” – David Sutton, Southern Illinois University March 2017 March 2017 • NEW SERIES Loose Can(n)ons WITCHCRAFT, WITCHES, AND VIOLENCE IN GHANA WHEN THINGS BECOME PROPERTY Mensah Adinkrah Land Reform, Authority and Value in Postsocialist Europe and Asia “I am very impressed by the breadth and depth of the research that went Thomas Sikor, Stefan Dorondel, Johannes Stahl and Phuc Xuan To into the book. [It] is also well written. The language is accessible and “I think this is an excellent book. The command of the empirical material would appeal to both academic and non-academic audiences.” allows the authors to drive home a series of points that have theoretical – Charles Quist-Adade, Kwantlen Polytechnic University purchase far beyond the analyzed contexts.” March 2017 – Christian Lund, University of Copenhagen March 2017 • Max Planck Studies in Anthropology and Economy INTELLECTUALS AND (COUNTER-) POLITICS Essays in historical Realism WinnER of thE 2016 PRoSE AWARd foR AnthRoPoLogy Gavin Smith EUROPEAN PRODUCTS “In this collection of intricately linked chapters, Gavin Smith continues his Making and Unmaking heritage in Cyprus incisive efforts to open the boundaries between oppositions that have Gisela Welz bedeviled anthropology almost since it began.” “For readers at all levels, and probably a number of individuals who are not – American Ethnologist academics or social scientists. Highly recommended.” – Choice October 2016 • Dislocations March 2017

For online orders use code ANEWS17 and receive a 25% discount! berghahn NEW YoRk . oXFoRD www.berghahnbooks.com

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 29 ASSOCIATION NEWS

AAA 2017 Spring Ballot

Executive Board Human Rights Seat At-Large Member Seat 1 Association for Feminist Anthropology AAA President-Elect (two-year term) (two-year term) Netta Avineri Keri Vacanti Brondo (two-year term followed by a President-Elect Michael Vicente Pérez two-year term as President) At-Large Member Seat 2 (two-year term followed by Akhil Gupta Gender Equity Seat (two-year term) two-year term as President) Linda M. Whiteford (one-year term) Jessica Barnes Ann Marie Leshkowich Archaeology Seat Rebecca B. Galemba Lucero Radonic Jennifer R. Wies M. Gabriella Torres (three-year term) Student Seat (two-year term) Secretary (three-year term) Mark W. Hauser Minority Seat (three-year term) Brendan A. Galipeau Erica Lorraine Williams Stephen E. Nash Antoinette T. Jackson Paul Mitchell At-Large Member Seats 3 Richard Meyers Biological Seat (three-year term) and 4 (three-year terms) Archaeology Division Rachel Caspari Ethics Seat (three-year term) Rachel Fleming Kathryn B. H. Clancy Kerry Fosher President-Elect Rebecca Howes-Mischel Chad Morris (two-year term followed by a Linguistic Seat (three-year term) Laura Nussbaum-Barberena two-year term as President) Jennifer Patico Jocelyn Ahlers Public Policy Seat Elizabeth S. Chilton Norma Mendoza Denton (two-year term) Association for Political and Robert Hahn Sandra L. López Varela Undesignated Seat 3 Legal Anthropology Katherine Lambert-Pennington Program Editor-Elect (three-year term) (one-year term as Program President-Elect Carla Guerrón Montero Student Seat 1 (one-year term) Editor-Elect followed by a two- (two-year term, followed by Jemima Pierre Jo Aiken year term as Program Editor) Taapsi Ramchandani two-year term as President) Nominations Committee Parker Van Valkenburgh Erica Bornstein Student Seat 2 (three-year term) Marcie L. Venter Treasurer Undesignated Seat 1 Brianna Farber (two-year term) At-Large Member Seat 2 (three-year term) Jennifer M. M. Halliday Kathleen Sullivan (two-year term) Gabriela Vargas-Cetina Secretary (two-year term) Patricia Capone Jason Yaeger Aradhana (Anu) Sharma SECTIONS Chip Colwell Linguistic Seat (three-year term) At-Large Member Seats 1 Hilary Parsons Dick American Ethnological Association of Black and 2 (two-year terms) Adrienne Lo Society Anthropologists Denise Brennan Biological Seat Christine Folch (three-year term) President-Elect (two-year President-Elect Proposed Change to Ryan Harrod term followed by a two-year (two-year term followed by a APLA Bylaws: Jada Benn Torres term as President) two-year term as President) increase Susan Bibler Coutin Nicole Truesdell BOD, terms of sec./treas. Member’s Programmatic Jacqueline Solway Advisory and Advocacy Association for Queer Richard Ashby Wilson Association of Latina and Committee Latino Anthropologists Anthropology Councilor Seat 1 (four-year term) Practicing/Professional Co-Chair (Incoming) Katherine McCaffrey Secretary (three-year term) Seat (two-year term) Sean T. Mitchell Sergio Lemus (two-year term (as Incoming Mary Odell Butler and Lead) followed by a At-Large Member Seat 3 Cathleen Crain Anthropology and one-year term on the Board) (three-year term) Labor Seat Environment Society Roshanak Kheshti (one-year term) Diane Garbow Michael Duke President-Elect/Vice President Treasurer (two-year term) Daniel Segal (two-year term followed by a two- Association for Africanist Stephen L. Mann World Anthropologies year term as President) Anthropology Benedict J. Colombi Association for the Seat (three-year term) Program Co-Editor James Joseph Igoe Anthropology of Policy Gordon Mathews (two-year term) Secretary/Treasurer Leila Rodriguez Kristin Hedges (three-year term) Diane O’Rourke Andrew Tarter

30 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG Graduate Student At-Large Member Seat 2 Representative (two-year term) Vote online now in the (two-year term) Cansu Civelek 2017 AAA elections! Joshua Liggett Russell Manzano Jason D. Lind To vote: go to www.americananthro.org, click “LOGIN” Student Seat (two-year term) Biological Anthropology Taapsi Ramchandani Section in the top menu bar, login, then click the “Vote Now” Amanda Tack Secretary/Treasurer button on the side of the My Information page. Society for Anthropology in (two-year term) Contact Kim Baker at [email protected] with Sharon DeWitte Community Colleges any questions or to request a copy of the online ballot. Christopher D. Lynn Treasurer (two-year term) VOTING DEADLINE: May 31, 2017 Kelsie Aguilera Culture and Agriculture President-Elect Society for Anthropological (two-year term followed by a Sciences Proposed Change to CMA Student Seat (two-year term) two-year term as President) President-Elect Bylaws: add three standing Sarah Alami (two-year David Meek committees and change the Michelle L. Night Pipe term followed by a two-year Secretary/Treasurer number of nominees allowed for term as President and two-year (two-year term) President and officer positions. Middle East Section term as Past President) Kourtney K. Collum Stephen M. Lyon President-Elect (one-year At-Large Member Seat 1 Central States Secretary term followed by two-year (two-year term) Anthropological Society (two-year term) term as President and one-year Toni Copeland Susanna Donaldson President-Elect/Vice President term as Past-President) At-Large Member Seat 1 2nd Position (one-year term as Jessica Winegar (three-year term) Council on Anthropology 2nd Vice President, followed by Secretary H. J. François Dengah II and Education (three-year term) one-year term as 1st Vice President, John Schaefer Student Seat (two-year term) President-Elect (one-year one-year as President, and one- At-Large Member Seats 2 Sarah Carson term, followed by a two-year year term as Past President) (three-year term) term and President and one- Jacquelyn A. Lewis-Harris Society for Cultural Andrea M. Elganzoury year term as Past President) Heather O’Leary Anthropology Narges Erami Steve Bialostok At-Large Member Seats 3 Christa Salamandra At-Large Member Seat 3 Peter Demerath and 4 (three-year terms) Student Seat (5-year term) At-Large Member Seat 1 Kathryn Kamp (three-year term) Samee Sulaiman Andrea Muehlebach (three-year term) Robert Phillips Lisa Stevenson Valerie Harwood Nominations Committee Proposed Change to MES Bylaws: Proposed Change to Lauren Zentz Seat (two-year term) change two Undesignated SCA Bylaws: add a James Stanlaw seats to named seats on the Council on Museum executive committee. President-Elect position. Anthropology Evolutionary National Association of Society for Economic At-Large Member Seats 1, Anthropological Society Student Anthropologists Anthropology 2, and 3 (three-year terms) President-Elect Undergraduate Student Seat 1 President-Elect Joshua A. Bell (two-year term followed by a (two-year term followed by a Felicia Katz-Harris two-year term as President) (two-year term) two-year term as President) Eugenia Kisin Lee Cronk Katarzyna Endler Jason Antrosio Erica Lehrer Brooke Scelza Catherine Nichols National Association for the Cynthia Isenhour At-Large Member Seats 1 Emily Stokes-Rees Practice of Anthropology Secretary (three-year term) and 2 (four-year terms) Adrian Van Allen Secretary John K Millhauser James Holland Jones (two-year term) Student Seat (two-year term) Siobhán Mattison Sarah El-Hattab At-Large Member Seat 4 Sowparnika Balaswaminathan Kristin Snopkowski Rachel Hall-Clifford (three-year term) Christopher Green Christopher von Rueden At-Large Member Seat 1 Kandace Hollenbach Emily Jean Leischner (two-year term) Raja Swamy Lise Puyo Keith B. Kellersohn Ann Louise Tezak

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 31 ASSOCIATION NEWS

At-Large Member Seat 5 Councilor 5 (Program) Society for the Society for the (three-year term) (three-year term) Anthropology of Europe Anthropology of Religion Maia Green Ana Mariella Bacigalupo Secretary-Elect (one-year At-Large Member Seats 1, Hsain Ilahiane Melissa M. Forbis term followed by a one-year 2, 3, and 4 (two-year terms) Amy Cox Hall At-Large Member Seat 6 term as Secretary) Ana Mariella Bacigalupo Eric Hirsch (three-year term) Aleksandar Dimitrovski JoAnn D’Alisera Timothy J. Smith Laura Tilghman Douglas Rogers Sondra L. Hausner Councilor 6 (Website) Samuel Williams Program Chair-Elect (Editor) Joseph Hellweg (three-year term) Proposed Change to (one-year term followed by a Jeanette S. Jouili Nell Haynes SEA Bylaws: change one one-year term as Program Chair) Stephen Selka Undesignated Seat to a named Student Seat (three-year term) Jan Jonathan Bock Society for the seat on the Executive Board. Peter Lee John P. Murphy Anthropology of Work Jordan Lynton Publications and Projects Society for East Asian Miryam Nacimento Secretary Chair (two-year term) (three-year term) Anthropology Lilith Mahmud Alexander Blanchette Society for Linguistic President-Elect Laurie McIntosh Student Seat (three-year term) Anthropology (two-year term followed by a At-Large Member Seat 1 Mary Beth Schmid two-year term as President) President-Elect (two-year term) Proposed Change to SAW Sonia Ryang (two-year term followed by a Azra Hromadžić Bylaws: add an At-Large seat Jesook Song two-year term as President) Ursula M. Dalinghaus on the Executive Board. Councilor Seat 3 Kira Hall (three-year term) Laura Miller Society for the Society for Urban, National Stephanie Assmann-Terada Proposed Change to SLA Anthropology of Food and Transnational/Global Gavin H. Whitelaw Bylaws: add the term of office and Nutrition Anthropology for the Members At-Large. Councilor Seat 4 Secretary/Treasurer Treasurer (three-year term) (three-year term) (two-year term) Deborah R. Altamirano Society for Medical John Cho Alyson Young Julian Brash Anthropology Robert Oppenheim Proposed Change to Secretary (two-year term) At-Large Member Seat 4 Student Seat (two-year term) SAFN Bylaws: add a Faedah M. Totah (three-year term) Alex Jong-Seok Lee student representative to the Councilor Seat 2 Nolwazi N. Mkhwanzi Yukun Zeng Executive Committee. Emily Mendenhall (three-year term) Fethi Keles Society for Humanistic At-Large Member Seat 5 Society for the Sylvia Nam Anthropology (three-year term) Anthropology of North Amanda J. Reinke At-Large Member Seats 1, Eugen A. Raikhel America Student Seat Ayo Wahlberg (two-year term) 2, and 3 (three-year terms) Treasurer (two-year term) Camille Frazier Andrea Conger At-Large Member Seat 6 Angela Stuesse Whitney L. Duncan (three-year term) William H. Westermeyer Society for Visual Roxanne Varzi Elise Andaya Secretary (two-year term) Anthropology Ana M. Alarcón Jennifer Erickson Society for Latin At-Large Member Seats 5, 6, Juli Grigsby American and Caribbean Society for Psychological 7, and 12 (three-year terms) Anthropology Anthropology At-Large Member Seat 2 Richard Freeman (three-year term) Harjant Singh Gill Councilor 3 (AN Column) President-Elect Ana Croegaert Krista Harper (three-year term) (two-year term followed by a Andrea Morrell Aynur Kadir Clare Sammells two-year term as President) Councilor 4 (Prizes) Rebecca J. Lester (three-year term) Chris Garces Mónica Salas Landa

32 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG IN MEMORIAM

Stanislaus Sandarupa raja settlements for UNESCO World Heritage Site status. In recent OCTOBER 9, 1956–JANUARY 18, 2016 years, Sandarupa wrote numerous articles in national newspapers, bringing ideas from semiotics to bear on current events in Indonesia. As his reputation as a leading Toraja intellectual grew, San- Stanislaus Sandarupa, Indonesian darupa’s administrative duties expanded exponentially. In 2014, linguistic anthropologist and Hasanu- he became Hasanuddin University’s head of cultural research and, ddin University professor, passed away soon thereafter, also assumed leadership of its respected linguis- in Makassar, Indonesia on January 18, tics doctoral program, all while teaching, mentoring students, and 2016. He was a widely recognized ad- running businesses. vocate for Toraja cultural preservation, All who knew him miss his lively intelligence, gentle wit, and warm an engaged mentor to scores of Indo- hospitality. The loss is especially acute for Torajans, who considered nesian students, and a friend to many him their “cultural caretaker.” Surviving him are his wife, Katrin, four foreign anthropologists doing research children (Gabriella, Dirk, Stanley Fulbright, and Frank Ello) and sever- in Sulawesi. al grandchildren. (Kathleen M. Adams and Liz Coville) Born in the Toraja capital of Makale (Sulawesi, Indonesia), San- darupa was fascinated by the Toraja language, especially its high register. His undergraduate studies in linguistics at Hasanuddin University (1982–87) under Indonesian linguist Salombe yielded a thesis examining Toraja afterlife beliefs embodied in ritual texts. Work as a tourist guide subsidized these studies, enhancing San- darupa’s foreign language skills, and knowledge of local variation in myth and ritual. His 1984 booklet, Life and Death in Toraja, became the essential guidebook for cultural tourists visiting Toraja. Sandarupa was the first person from Eastern Indonesia to receive a Fulbright Fellowship for graduate studies in the USA. From 1987 to 1989 he pursued a linguistics MA at the University of Chicago, writing a thesis entitled “Tropes, symbolism, rhetorical structure, structure of parallelism and ‘parallelism’ of structure in Toraja.” After he spent several years back in Indonesia teaching and doing research at Hasanuddin University, a Ford Foundation Edith Turner fellowship enabled him to pursue his PhD at the University of Chicago (with Michael Silverstein as dissertation advisor). In his JUNE 17, 1921–JUNE 18, 2016 doctoral research, he analyzed Toraja ritual speech in increasing- ly rare traditional funerals. “The Toyota Foundation funded his Edith Lucy Brocklesby Turner, “Edie,” passed away peacefully completion of the dissertation, The Exemplary Center: Poetics and on June 18, 2016, the day after her 95th birthday. Turner was a Politics of the Kingly Death Ritual Performance in Toraja South singular and beloved figure in anthropology, both through her Sulawesi, Indonesia” (2004). remarkable intellectual partnership with her husband Victor Sandarupa’s rich professional life entailed teaching, internation- Turner, and through her own writing, teaching, editing, and fierce al research collaborations, government work, and managing his advocacy for story and spirituality as essential to ethnography. Her family businesses (a travel agency and ecofriendly restaurant). He luminous accounts of her ethnographic experiences contribute to authored numerous articles for Indonesian social science journals abiding questions regarding the scope of human reality and the and several international journals. His English language works anthropological project of representing the fullness and exquisite- include The Toraja Ricebarn (1996), coauthored with Nigel Barley; ness of its unfolding. “The Poetry of Taking Power in Toraja, Indonesia” (2013); and “‘The Turner was born in Ely, on June 17, 1921 near Cambridge, En- Voice of a Child’: Constructing a Moral Community through Retteng gland. During World War II she worked as an agricultural laborer Poetic Argumentation in Toraja” (2016). He also translated Toraja as a “land girl” in the Land Army, at which time, through a shared texts for Songs from the Thrice-Blooded Land: Ritual music of the love of poetry, she met and married Victor Witter Turner “Vic” Toraja (2009) by Dana Rappoport. His wide-ranging collaborations (1920–1983). With their three children, Turner accompanied Vic included a coauthored publication on Toraja childcare/sudden infant on two extended periods of anthropological fieldwork (1951–54) death syndrome with neuroscientist Toke Hoppenbrouwers. in the northwest of what is now Zambia, among the Ndembu Sandarupa was featured in several BBC and Fox documentaries peoples. She made extensive notes of her experiences among about Toraja culture and spearheaded Indonesia’s nomination of To- Ndembu women and created an important photographic archive.

ANTHROPOLOGY NEWS 33 Her fieldwork enabled her much later to write an ethnographic ritual, with a repeat visit to Zambia in 1985, and later fieldwork memoir of her life there, The Spirit and the Drum (1987). In 1963 among native peoples in Arizona, Alaska, Korea, Northwest Rus- the family moved to the United States, first to Ithaca, then Chicago, sia, and western Ireland. This led to several books: Experiencing and in 1977 Vic became professor of anthropology and religion Ritual, The Hands Feel It, Among the Healers, Communitas, and at the University of Virginia. In Charlottesville, Turner earned an her autobiographical Heart of Lightness. MA in English between extended research visits with Vic to India, Turner was a committed social activist throughout her entire Brazil, Japan, and Israel. Her work was fundamental to Vic’s nu- life, devoting herself to social justice. For instance, in the early merous anthropological books and research papers and their joint years in Africa, she worked in the anti-apartheid movement, and publication, Image and Pilgrimage in Christian Culture (1978) is an later she partnered with her friends in Alaska to resist nuclear example of this co-authorship. waste dumping on the North Slope. After Vic’s death in 1983, Turner was offered a position as Edie Turner is survived by a loving family including a younger Lecturer in UVA’s anthropology department, a position which sister, five children, eight grandchildren, and four great-grandchil- she held until her retirement in 2016 at the age of 94. Her dren. She is sorely missed by many lifelong friends and colleagues fascinating courses on spirituality, shamanism, and ritual were all over the world. often over-subscribed, and she was acknowledged as a major Contributions in her memory can be made to the Edie Turner inspiration by many of her students. As editor of Anthropology Anthropology Award via the website: http://edieturner.mydagsite. and Humanism, she greatly advanced the discipline of human- com/. This award honors Edie by acknowledging students at the istic anthropology, and she was influential in the subfields of University of Virginia whose teaching, activism, and writing rec- consciousness and religion. With the help of successive research ognize the richness of human experience. (Rory Turner and Rose grants, she made intensive studies of traditional healing and Wellman)

JOBS BOARD

PROFESSOR/ASSOCIATE PROFESSOR/ASSISTANT PROFESSORS IN SOCIAL SCIENCES South University of Science and Technology of China

The Institute for Advanced Studies in Social Sciences at the Southern University of Science and Technology invites applications Applicants should have a PhD degree from an accredited institu- for full-time tenured or tenure-truck faculty positions in social tion of higher education. Senior candidates are expected to have a sciences at ranks of Full/Associate/Assistant Professor, to begin high international standing in the fields, with an exceptional track September 2017. The successful candidates will teach general ed- record of high-quality research and scholarly publications. The ucation courses covering the following four core areas: 1) Science, university teaching languages are English and Chinese. Satisfactory Technology and Society, including history of science, ethics of knowledge of Chinese is preferable but not required. science, sociology of science, and policy of science; 2) Environmen- Salary is highly competitive, and commensurate with quali- tal Studies, including environmental history, environmental policy, fications and experience. Benefits include university subsidized and environmental culture; 3) New Media and Visual Culture, housing and health insurance. including media and society, science, technology and arts, and Southern University of Science and Technology is a public cultural industry; and 4) Globalization, including transnational mi- university located in Shenzhen,China, a mega vibrant city and gration, comparative area studies, ethnographic studies and critical high-tech center across Hong Kong with a population of more theories. The successful candidates will contribute to social science than 10 million people. The university is intended to be a top-tier curricula that encourage interdisciplinary approach. Quality un- international university that excels in conducting interdisciplinary dergraduate teaching and mentorship, as we as innovative research research, nurturing innovative talents and delivering new knowl- and service are expected. With the exception of senior candidates edge to the world. with tenure, initial appointment will normally be made on a three- Applicants should send a cover letter and curriculum vitae with year contract, renewable subject to mutual agreement. Tenure at least three names of references by email to [email protected], review and promotion normally takes place before completion of preferably before March 1, 2017. Review of applications begins on the second three-year contract. March 10, 2017, and will continue until the positions are filled.

34 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG ONLINE AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA

RESEARCH METHODS IN ANTHROPOLOGY

GEOSPATIAL ANALYSIS TEXT ANALYSIS IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY

This intensive course introduces This graduate seminar surveys different components of geospatial methods of text analysis. The focus analysis and their applications in of the course is on developing skills anthropology: Geographic that students can use to do Information Systems (GIS), Remote systematic analysis of textual data, Sensing (RS), Global Positioning including written texts, photos, and System (GPS), and their audio or video data. integration.

RESEARCH METHODS BEHAVIOR OBSERVATION IN COGNITIVE ANTHROPOLOGY IN CULTURAL ANTHROPOLOGY (CULTURAL DOMAIN ANALYSIS)

This course introduces the use of This course covers the major well-established behavior methods for collecting and observation methods to answer analyzing data about how people in questions of anthropological a cultural group think about lists of interest. things that somehow go together. The methods include direct Participants get hands-on practice observations, time diary techniques, with free lists, pile sorts, and newer techniques that rely on multidimensional scaling, cluster modern telecommunications or on analysis, and cultural consensus an Internet-based interface. analysis.

ALL COURSES CARRY 3 FOR MORE INFORMATION, TRANSFERABLE CREDITS CONTACT RUSS BERNARD AT: AT THE UNIVERSITY OF FLORIDA. [email protected] EACH COURSE MAY BE TAKEN WITH OR WITHOUT CREDITS.

FOR FULL DESCRIPTION AND TO ENROLL: HTTP://DISTANCE.UFL.EDU/RMA/ ANTHROVICE

AnthroVice is your place for satirical and future together. Base future meetings serious advice on hard-to-discuss issues around academic and professional from AN’s experienced anthropologist-ad- goals; Grumpster may want to excel visor. Opinions are AnthroVice’s own. Send and make you proud. This is the your problem to [email protected]. foundation for a good advising rela- tionship. But if Sourpatch Kid sends GRUMPY GRAD STUDENT nothing, makes excuses about their personal life, or sends a steaming pile I am an early tenure-track professor with of crap, see Lesson 1. a needy grad student advisee. I appreci- 3. Activity defeats despair. At your Caveat: I retract everything I’ve said ated my PhD advisor’s practice of briefly meeting, inform Sourpants you can if your student is in danger; is the victim checking in with my mental and physical best help their progress as a reviewer of a recent trauma; has elderly, child, or health before getting down to business, of their writing. Identify a writing goal disabled dependents; or is on the verge of so I started out the same. But this student Grumpyface can achieve in one month. homelessness. But if they’re complaining has a complicated set of problems, and Send them out to sink or swim, and get because life is hard, and being a broke-ass thinks I can help solve them. They are them out of your damn office. academic is hard while life is hard? Seri- also just a sour, grumpy person. Ask- 4. Observe Patterns. If Grumpy sends ously. Welcome to the club. ing “how are you?” leads to a litany of you something by the deadline that is complaints. I get it’s hard being a grad worth a damn, you’ll know you have a AnthroVice student, but there’s nothing I can do about health insurance screw ups, room- BIG BLANK CV mate fights, or car-repair bills. How can I redraw the line, and stop being a sympa- thetic ear to this student’s many woes? I want to get back into part-time (adjunct) teaching after many years out of ten- -Anonymous ure-track academic employment and the job market entirely (due to disability, parenthood, or other life situation). My references are woefully out of date. How Dear Untenured, do you handle the big blank patch in the CV and yawning void of references? I detect a subliminal concern that you can’t Feel free to snark, but please don’t slap. I get enough of that from life itself. tell this student to bugger off because of -Anonymous your delicate “untenured state.” Advising Dear “Wanting Back In,” relationships never should require uncon- I’ll never slap you. Whatever life event took you out of academia, you are brave and ditional love and acceptance. I therefore talented and going to work! invite you to my four-step course on draw- Look at that CV of yours! That’s not a big blank patch of page with yawning voids of ing boundaries with the faint and needy in references. You’ve been busy living life. Now, add to that page maturity, wisdom, more our ranks. compassion, and some major mojo. Stop apologizing for your past, and do what you 1. Figure out if you really want to work have to do to feel a little more normal as a member of a community of scholars. with this student. Do they have poten- But the answer is not on the blank page. It’s out in the world. You have to pick tial? Do you believe in this student’s up the phone and make some calls—go places and see people. If your previous work? If not, provide your student with colleagues, mentors, and students are still alive, they almost certainly still value the the phone numbers of the appropriate relationship with you they once had, and they still hold your work in high regard. Re- mental health, life coaching, social connect. Explain what you want for your future. These conversations are sure to lead work, and housing services in your to letters of reference, department affiliations, chances to mentor students, and… area. Then, wait a diplomatic amount drumroll please… part-time adjunct teaching positions. of time, “realize” your all-too-real But I have to ask—are you hoping to get back into academia through part-time crushing quantity of work is crushing adjunct teaching? You should know AN’s readership is full of people trying the same you, and say goodbye. But if you stay… path. Study their experiences. There are other ways back into academia to consider, 2. Hold a meeting to set new relation- like NIH re-entry grants for behavioral and bench scientists who left the workforce ship terms. (Don’t put “setting new for family and medical reasons. relationship terms” in the email sub- Don’t crash land upon re-entry. ject line.) Explain that you have some pressing projects, and you are making Love, AnthroVice some plans for managing your time.

36 WWW.ANTHROPOLOGY-NEWS.ORG PROFILE

Gina Athena Ulysse

Gina Athena Ulysse is a Haitian born poet-scholar living out the tension between artist and social scientist. She is currently professor of anthropology at Wesleyan University. Her work is unapologetically fierce—she challenges the conventions of the discipline and encourages academics to seek new ways of engaging with the wider public. Her new book Because When God Is Too Busy published this April.

CHARLOTTE HOLLANDS© 2017, [email protected]

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Sample 1 AAA 2017 EXECUTIVE BOARD

President Student Seat Alisse Waterston (2015–17) Saira Mehmood (2015–18) [email protected] [email protected]

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Cultural Seat Section Assembly EB-Large Christina Garsten (2015–18) &MMFO
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Minority Seat Section Assembly EB-Small Anna Agbe-Davies (2016–19) David Simmons (2016–19) [email protected] [email protected]

Practicing/Professional Seat AAA Treasurer-Ex Officio Niel Tashima (2016–19) Edmund T. Hamann (2012–18) [email protected] [email protected]