DOCSLIB.ORG

Arctic Research

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Arctic Research Arctic Research Cassiope tetragona Papaver radicatum Vaccinium vitis-idaea Polygonum viviparum Melandrium apetalum Dryas octopetala Huperzia arctica Splachnum ampullaceum Eriophorum scheuchzeri www.nipr.ac.jp National Institute of Polar Research 10-3 Midori-cho, Tachikawa-shi, Tokyo 190-8518, JAPAN 1903G5000(3) Polar bear The polar bear is largest land-based Ocean. The current polar bear Arctic climate is carnivore on the earth. They can population is estimated at 22,000 grow up to 2 - 2.5 m in length, and to 31,000. They live mainly on sea males can weigh between 250 ice and feed chiefly on seals. For and 600 kg, while females can this reason, they are considered rapidly changing weigh between 150 and 300 kg. marine mammals instead of ter- Living primarily on the islands of restrial ones. Polar bears have Canada, polar bears can also be been listed in the Red List of found in Greenland, Alaska and Threatened Species (IUCN) since Russia in a ring around the Arctic 2006. EISCAT Radars Japanese facilities Antarctic-Arctic Longyearbyen (Norway) Ny-Ålesund Research Station Aurora Conjugate Longyearbyen office at UNIS Observation Reduction of Arctic ice melting of Greenland Ice Sheet. Recent evaluation Tromsø (Norway) Husafell Accelerating reduction in sea ice extent, diminishing shows a strong relationship between Greenland ice Kiruna (Sweden) Iceland Tjornes Norwegian Sea Sodankyla (Finland) glaciers, and melting and disintegration of Greenland disintegration and sea level rise. We started observa- Greenland Sea Ice Sheet are strong concerns not only in terms of tion on Greenland Ice Sheet to focus the system of Ice EGRIP Barents Sea Greenland Svalbard (DENMARK) Arctic climate change but also global environmental Sheet mass change. Baffin Bay Kara Sea change. Arctic sea ice and snow cover are important Ellesmere Island components of the Arctic climate system that drives Arctic connection to middle latitudes North Pole polar amplification through ice-albedo feedback. Sea Mid-high latitude atmospheric circulations pass over TayTaTTaymyrayymyryyrr PPeninsulai ice is a fragile component affected by the warming continents and sub-arctic seas. Circum-Arctic atmo- Victoria Island 2 climate, and changes in it transfer anomalous condi- spheric circulation is affected by land-sea distribution. 3 Banks Island tions to various areas of the environment, including The Arctic amplification is a leading mode of atmo- oceanic processes, marine ecosystem, atmospheric spheric circulation in the high-middle latitudes in the CANADA processes, and terrestrial conditions. northern hemisphere. Arctic circulation patterns Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by the Eurasian influence the weather of many countries, including RUSSIAUS A AlaAlAAlaskak (USA)A Continent, North American Continent, Greenland, and Japan. This phenomenon often determines colder many Arctic islands. It is thus connected directly to winter anomalies with snow cover and cold air outbursts human activities in the Arctic countries, and is often from Siberia. Anomalous weather influences also the setting for international economic activities. terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Observations of One of the Arctic’s important influences on the snow and ice are substantial for Arctic Climate Bering Sea Sea of Okhotsk An image of the Arctic taken by NASA's Earth-observing satellite global environment is sea level rise is accelerated by research. Aqua (September 3, 2010) Aqua is an international project, and the satellite is equipped with several countries' sensors, including Kamchatka Peninsula JAPAN some developed by JAXA in Japan. Credit: NASA Goddard's Scientific Visualization Studio the Arctic the Arctic Ocean Ocean The Arctic As of January, 2018 Arctic amplification and extreme weather conditions The North Pole refers to a point as Antarctica. There are many Weather in Japan, which lies between and North America. It has been specu- Siberia High Longyearbyen, the biggest at 90 degrees north, and the inhabited settlements within the the Arctic and the tropics, can be affect- lated that this “Warm Arctic, Cold Con- town on the island of Spits- Low region above 66.5 degrees north Arctic Circle, and the region has ed by climate change in the Arctic re- tinents” trend pattern is due to sea-ice bergen in the Svalbard Ar- latitude is generally called the more vegetation than Antarctica. gion. In recent years, sea-ice loss and loss and mid-latitude oceanic changes. chipelago, is accessible by Japan Japan warmer air from the south have caused Other theories have been advanced as Arctic Circle. There is no land at The Arctic sea ice extent in sum- commercial air service. The the North Pole. The Arctic Ocean, mer tends to shrink. It is about standard route from Japan extremely high temperatures in the Arc- well. At present there are insufficient which is ringed by the Eurasian half of that in the 1980s. begins in Narita and in- tic Ocean, with rainfall occurring even in observation data to scientifically sub- and North American continents cludes layovers in Oslo and mid-winter. This condition has coincid- stantiate any of the theories. Continu- ed with severe winter weather in the ous observation and data collection Meandering westerlies are involved Cold air flows into Japan from the Eurasian and Greenland, covers an area of Tromsø, Norway. The total in the “Warm Arctic, Cold Continents” continent under a western-high 14 million km2, or about the same size flight time is about 16 hours. mid-latitudes including Japan, Europe are therefore indispensable. trend pattern. and eastern-low pressure pattern. Polar bear The polar bear is largest land-based Ocean. The current polar bear Arctic climate is carnivore on the earth. They can population is estimated at 22,000 grow up to 2 - 2.5 m in length, and to 31,000. They live mainly on sea males can weigh between 250 ice and feed chiefly on seals. For and 600 kg, while females can this reason, they are considered rapidly changing weigh between 150 and 300 kg. marine mammals instead of ter- Living primarily on the islands of restrial ones. Polar bears have Canada, polar bears can also be been listed in the Red List of found in Greenland, Alaska and Threatened Species (IUCN) since Russia in a ring around the Arctic 2006. EISCAT Radars Japanese facilities Antarctic-Arctic Longyearbyen (Norway) Ny-Ålesund Research Station Aurora Conjugate Longyearbyen office at UNIS Observation Reduction of Arctic ice melting of Greenland Ice Sheet. Recent evaluation Tromsø (Norway) Husafell Accelerating reduction in sea ice extent, diminishing shows a strong relationship between Greenland ice Kiruna (Sweden) Iceland Tjornes Norwegian Sea Sodankyla (Finland) glaciers, and melting and disintegration of Greenland disintegration and sea level rise. We started observa- Greenland Sea Ice Sheet are strong concerns not only in terms of tion on Greenland Ice Sheet to focus the system of Ice EGRIP Barents Sea Greenland Svalbard (DENMARK) Arctic climate change but also global environmental Sheet mass change. Baffin Bay Kara Sea change. Arctic sea ice and snow cover are important Ellesmere Island components of the Arctic climate system that drives Arctic connection to middle latitudes North Pole polar amplification through ice-albedo feedback. Sea Mid-high latitude atmospheric circulations pass over TayTaTTaymyrayymyryyrr PPeninsulai ice is a fragile component affected by the warming continents and sub-arctic seas. Circum-Arctic atmo- Victoria Island 2 climate, and changes in it transfer anomalous condi- spheric circulation is affected by land-sea distribution. 3 Banks Island tions to various areas of the environment, including The Arctic amplification is a leading mode of atmo- oceanic processes, marine ecosystem, atmospheric spheric circulation in the high-middle latitudes in the CANADA processes, and terrestrial conditions. northern hemisphere. Arctic circulation patterns Arctic Ocean The Arctic Ocean is surrounded by the Eurasian influence the weather of many countries, including RUSSIAUS A AlaAlAAlaskak (USA)A Continent, North American Continent, Greenland, and Japan. This phenomenon often determines colder many Arctic islands. It is thus connected directly to winter anomalies with snow cover and cold air outbursts human activities in the Arctic countries, and is often from Siberia. Anomalous weather influences also the setting for international economic activities. terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Observations of One of the Arctic’s important influences on the snow and ice are substantial for Arctic Climate Bering Sea Sea of Okhotsk An image of the Arctic taken by NASA's Earth-observing satellite global environment is sea level rise is accelerated by research. Aqua (September 3, 2010) Aqua is an international project, and the satellite is equipped with several countries' sensors, including Kamchatka Peninsula JAPAN some developed by JAXA in Japan. Credit: NASA Goddard's Scientific Visualization Studio the Arctic the Arctic Ocean Ocean The Arctic As of January, 2018 Arctic amplification and extreme weather conditions The North Pole refers to a point as Antarctica. There are many Weather in Japan, which lies between and North America. It has been specu- Siberia High Longyearbyen, the biggest at 90 degrees north, and the inhabited settlements within the the Arctic and the tropics, can be affect- lated that this “Warm Arctic, Cold Con- town on the island of Spits- Low region above 66.5 degrees north Arctic Circle, and the region has ed by climate change in the Arctic re- tinents” trend pattern is due to sea-ice bergen in the Svalbard Ar- latitude is generally called the more vegetation than Antarctica. gion. In recent years, sea-ice loss and loss and mid-latitude oceanic changes. chipelago, is accessible by Japan Japan warmer air from the south have caused Other theories have been advanced as Arctic Circle. There is no land at The Arctic sea ice extent in sum- commercial air service. The the North Pole. The Arctic Ocean, mer tends to shrink. It is about standard route from Japan extremely high temperatures in the Arc- well. At present there are insufficient which is ringed by the Eurasian half of that in the 1980s.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Diet of Arctic Wolves on Banks and Northwest Victoria Islands, 1992-2001
    Diet of Arctic Wolves on Banks and Northwest Victoria Islands, 1992-2001 Nicholas C. Larter Department of Environment and Natural Resources Government of the Northwest Territories 2013 Manuscript Report No. 230 The contents of this paper are the sole responsibility of the author. i ii ABSTRACT As part of a larger study, wolf stomachs were collected from entire wolf carcasses collected by local harvesters from Sachs Harbour (71°59’N 125°15’W) on Banks Island from 1992-2001, and from Ulukhaktok, formerly Holman (70°45’N 117°42’W) on Northwest Victoria Island from 1998-2001. Wolf scats were collected opportunistically during field research trips conducted on Banks Island from 1993-2001 and on Northwest Victoria Island from 1998-1999. A total of 129 stomachs and 38 scats from Banks Island, and 30 stomachs and two scats from Northwest Victoria Island were analyzed macro and microscopically for hair, feather, and bone fragments of prey items. Prey items were identified as closely as possible to species. Seventeen stomachs were empty. Remains of muskoxen (Ovibos moschatus) predominated being found in 90% of 115 and 88% of 27 stomachs from Banks Island and Northwest Victoria Island, respectively, and 87% of 38 and 100% of two scats from Banks Island and Northwest Victoria Island, respectively. Peary caribou (Rangifer tarandus pearyi), collared lemming (Dicrostonyx torquatus), Arctic hare (Lepus arcticus), Arctic fox (Alopex lagopus), snow goose (Chen caerulescens), ptarmigan (Lagopus spp.), and plant material were also found in stomachs and scats; however, only Peary caribou and collared lemming occurred in ≥5% of either stomachs or scats.
    [Show full text]
  • Soil Thermal and Ecological Impacts of Rain on Snow Events in the Circumpolar Arctic
    2302 JOURNAL OF CLIMATE VOLUME 22 Soil Thermal and Ecological Impacts of Rain on Snow Events in the Circumpolar Arctic KEVIN J. RENNERT Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington GERARD ROE AND JAAKKO PUTKONEN Department of Earth and Space Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington CECILIA M. BITZ Department of Atmospheric Sciences, University of Washington, Seattle, Washington (Manuscript received 26 June 2007, in final form 22 January 2008) ABSTRACT Rain on snow (ROS) events are rare in most parts of the circumpolar Arctic, but have been shown to have great impact on soil surface temperatures and serve as triggers for avalanches in the midlatitudes, and they have been implicated in catastrophic die-offs of ungulates. The study of ROS is inherently challenging due to the difficulty of both measuring rain and snow in the Arctic and representing ROS events in numerical weather predictions and climate models. In this paper these challenges are addressed, and the occurrence of these events is characterized across the Arctic. Incidents of ROS in Canadian meteorological station data and in the 40-yr ECMWF Re-Analysis (ERA-40) are compared to evaluate the suitability of these datasets for characterizing ROS. The ERA-40 adequately represents the large-scale synoptic fields of ROS, but too often has a tendency toward drizzle. Using the ERA-40, a climatology of ROS events is created for thresholds that impact ungulate populations and permafrost. It is found that ROS events with the potential to harm ungulate mammals are widespread, but the large events required to impact permafrost are limited to the coastal margins of Beringia and the island of Svalbard.
    [Show full text]
  • Polar Continental Shelf Program Science Report 2019: Logistical Support for Leading-Edge Scientific Research in Canada and Its Arctic
    Polar Continental Shelf Program SCIENCE REPORT 2019 LOGISTICAL SUPPORT FOR LEADING-EDGE SCIENTIFIC RESEARCH IN CANADA AND ITS ARCTIC Polar Continental Shelf Program SCIENCE REPORT 2019 Logistical support for leading-edge scientific research in Canada and its Arctic Polar Continental Shelf Program Science Report 2019: Logistical support for leading-edge scientific research in Canada and its Arctic Contact information Polar Continental Shelf Program Natural Resources Canada 2464 Sheffield Road Ottawa ON K1B 4E5 Canada Tel.: 613-998-8145 Email: [email protected] Website: pcsp.nrcan.gc.ca Cover photographs: (Top) Ready to start fieldwork on Ward Hunt Island in Quttinirpaaq National Park, Nunavut (Bottom) Heading back to camp after a day of sampling in the Qarlikturvik Valley on Bylot Island, Nunavut Photograph contributors (alphabetically) Dan Anthon, Royal Roads University: page 8 (bottom) Lisa Hodgetts, University of Western Ontario: pages 34 (bottom) and 62 Justine E. Benjamin: pages 28 and 29 Scott Lamoureux, Queen’s University: page 17 Joël Bêty, Université du Québec à Rimouski: page 18 (top and bottom) Janice Lang, DRDC/DND: pages 40 and 41 (top and bottom) Maya Bhatia, University of Alberta: pages 14, 49 and 60 Jason Lau, University of Western Ontario: page 34 (top) Canadian Forces Combat Camera, Department of National Defence: page 13 Cyrielle Laurent, Yukon Research Centre: page 48 Hsin Cynthia Chiang, McGill University: pages 2, 8 (background), 9 (top Tanya Lemieux, Natural Resources Canada: page 9 (bottom
    [Show full text]
  • Northern Arctic
    ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES NORTHERN ARCTIC ECOSYSTEM CLASSIFICATION GROUP Department of Environment and Natural Resources Government of the Northwest Territories 2013 ECOLOGICAL REGIONS OF THE NORTHWEST TERRITORIES NORTHERN ARCTIC This report may be cited as: Ecosystem Classification Group. 2013. Ecological Regions of the Northwest Territories – Northern Arctic. Department of Environment and Natural Resources, Government of the Northwest Territories, Yellowknife, NT, Canada. x + 157 pp. + insert map (printed copies). Library and Archives Canada Cataloguing in Publication Northwest Territories. Ecosystem Classification Group Ecological regions of the Northwest Territories, northern Arctic / Ecosystem Classification Group. Includes bibliographical references. ISBN 978-0-7708-0205-9 1. Ecological regions--Northwest Territories. 2. Biotic communities--Arctic regions. I. Northwest Territories. Dept. of Environment and Natural Resources II. Title. QH106.2 N55 N67 2013 577.09719'3 C2013-980025-5 For more information contact: Department of Environment and Natural Resources P.O. Box 1320 Yellowknife, NT X1A 2L9 Phone: (867) 920-8064 Fax: (867) 873-0293 Web Site: http://www.enr.gov.nt.ca About the cover: The main cover photo shows Bailey Point, located on the north side of Liddon Gulf (Melville Coastal Plain MA Ecoregion, p. 54). A muskox skull on lush green tundra is in the foreground on the back cover. In the midground is multi-year pack ice, and in the far distance is the low dome of the Dundas Peninsula and to the right of the title on the front cover, the uplands of Melville Island. Bailey Point contains the most favourable habitat for muskoxen among the High Arctic Islands north of M’Clure Strait.
    [Show full text]
  • Canada's Arctic Marine Atlas
    Lincoln Sea Hall Basin MARINE ATLAS ARCTIC CANADA’S GREENLAND Ellesmere Island Kane Basin Nares Strait N nd ansen Sou s d Axel n Sve Heiberg rdr a up Island l Ch ann North CANADA’S s el I Pea Water ry Ch a h nnel Massey t Sou Baffin e Amund nd ISR Boundary b Ringnes Bay Ellef Norwegian Coburg Island Grise Fiord a Ringnes Bay Island ARCTIC MARINE z Island EEZ Boundary Prince i Borden ARCTIC l Island Gustaf E Adolf Sea Maclea Jones n Str OCEAN n ait Sound ATLANTIC e Mackenzie Pe Ball nn antyn King Island y S e trait e S u trait it Devon Wel ATLAS Stra OCEAN Q Prince l Island Clyde River Queens in Bylot Patrick Hazen Byam gt Channel o Island Martin n Island Ch tr. Channel an Pond Inlet S Bathurst nel Qikiqtarjuaq liam A Island Eclipse ust Lancaster Sound in Cornwallis Sound Hecla Ch Fitzwil Island and an Griper nel ait Bay r Resolute t Melville Barrow Strait Arctic Bay S et P l Island r i Kel l n e c n e n Somerset Pangnirtung EEZ Boundary a R M'Clure Strait h Island e C g Baffin Island Brodeur y e r r n Peninsula t a P I Cumberland n Peel Sound l e Sound Viscount Stefansson t Melville Island Sound Prince Labrador of Wales Igloolik Prince Sea it Island Charles ra Hadley Bay Banks St s Island le a Island W Hall Beach f Beaufort o M'Clintock Gulf of Iqaluit e c n Frobisher Bay i Channel Resolution r Boothia Boothia Sea P Island Sachs Franklin Peninsula Committee Foxe Harbour Strait Bay Melville Peninsula Basin Kimmirut Taloyoak N UNAT Minto Inlet Victoria SIA VUT Makkovik Ulukhaktok Kugaaruk Foxe Island Hopedale Liverpool Amundsen Victoria King
    [Show full text]
  • Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) Conifer Wood from Northern Hemisphere High Latitudes: Forest Composition and Palaeoclimate ⁎ M
    Review of Palaeobotany and Palynology 143 (2007) 167–196 www.elsevier.com/locate/revpalbo Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) conifer wood from Northern Hemisphere high latitudes: Forest composition and palaeoclimate ⁎ M. Harland a, , J.E. Francis a, S.J. Brentnall b, D.J. Beerling b a School of Earth and Environment, University of Leeds, LS2 9JT, UK b Department of Animal and Plant Sciences, University of Sheffield, S10 2TN, UK Received 19 January 2006; received in revised form 8 July 2006; accepted 16 July 2006 Available online 19 October 2006 Abstract Permineralised conifer wood is abundant in Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) sediments in high northern latitudes (N60°). The wood provides evidence of conifer-dominated forests that extended across the northern polar regions during greenhouse periods when the climate was warmer than today. This study investigates the composition of the Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) high latitude Northern Hemisphere conifer forests using wood from Spitsbergen, and Ellesmere and Axel Heiberg islands in the Canadian Arctic Archipelago. Identification of the fossil woods indicates that the conifers included Pityoxylon, Piceoxylon, Laricioxylon, Protopi- ceoxylon, Palaoepiceoxylon, Taxodioxylon, Juniperoxylon, Protocedroxylon, Araucariopitys, Xenoxylon, Cupressinoxylon and Taxaceoxylon. This study shows that Spitsbergen was dominated by Taxodioxylon (25%) and in the Canadian Arctic Pityoxylon (33%) was dominant. Climate analysis of the conifers indicates that the northern Cretaceous (Albian–Aptian) forests of Svalbard grew in moist cool upland areas with warmer temperate areas in the lowlands, probably with rivers and/or swampy areas present. The forests of the Canadian Arctic probably grew under slightly cooler conditions than on Svalbard, similar to northern Canada today. © 2006 Published by Elsevier B.V.
    [Show full text]
  • A Pingo in the Mala River Valley, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada GEORGE W
    244 NOTE A Pingo in the Mala River Valley, Baffin Island, Northwest Territories, Canada GEORGE W. SCOTTER' ABSTRACT. A single pingo is located onan alluvial fan within the deeply incisedMala River valley of the Borden Peninsula, Baffin Island. Its for- mation appears to be related to the abandonment of the river channel due to the influx of alluvium from a tributary stream. RÉSUMÉ. Un seul pingo est situé dansun cône alluvial dans la valléetrbs entaillée de la rivière Mala dans la péninsule Bordensur l'île de Baffin. Sa création semble être reliée A I'abandonnement du lit de la rivibre en raison de l'afflux d'alluvion provenant d'un ruisseau tributaire. Traduit pour le journal par Maurice Guibord. INTRODUCTION Two types of pingos, open-system and closed-system, have been described. Open-system pingos develop when hydraulic pressure causes intra- or sub-permafrost groundwater from an area upslope to emerge in a valley at a site of thin permafrost. They are common in the discontinuous permafrost zone of Alaska and Yukon (French, 1976; Washburn, 1979). Closed- system pingosoccur where permafrost is aggrading in a water- saturated soil. The water is expelled from the freezing soil if the soil is coarse-grained and eventually freezes into an icy pingo core. Numerous closed-system pingos in the Mackenzie Delta have developed in rapidly drained lake beds (Mackay, 1973, 1979), but in rare cases closed-system pingos may be associated with shifting river channels (Craig, 1959; Pissart and French, 1976; French and Dutkiewicz, 1976). The distribution of pingos in Canada has been summarized by Brown and Péwé (1973).
    [Show full text]
  • Evaluation of Conventional and Response
    Habib et al. Microb Cell Fact (2018) 17:44 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12934-018-0889-8 Microbial Cell Factories RESEARCH Open Access Evaluation of conventional and response surface level optimisation of n‑dodecane (n‑C12) mineralisation by psychrotolerant strains isolated from pristine soil at Southern Victoria Island, Antarctica Syahir Habib1, Siti Aqlima Ahmad1, Wan Lutf Wan Johari2, Mohd Yunus Abd Shukor1, Siti Aisyah Alias3, Khalilah Abdul Khalil4 and Nur Adeela Yasid1* Abstract Background: Biodegradation of hydrocarbons in Antarctic soil has been reported to be achieved through the utilisa- tion of indigenous cold-adapted microorganisms. Although numerous bacteria isolated from hydrocarbon-contami- nated sites in Antarctica were able to demonstrate promising outcomes in utilising hydrocarbon components as their energy source, reports on the utilisation of hydrocarbons by strains isolated from pristine Antarctic soil are scarce. In the present work, two psychrotolerant strains isolated from Antarctic pristine soil with the competency to utilise die- sel fuel as the sole carbon source were identifed and optimised through conventional and response surface method. Results: Two potent hydrocarbon-degraders (ADL15 and ADL36) were identifed via partial 16S rRNA gene sequence analysis, and revealed to be closely related to the genus Pseudomonas and Rhodococcus sp., respectively. Factors afecting diesel degradation such as temperature, hydrocarbon concentration, pH and salt tolerance were studied. Although strain ADL36 was able to withstand a higher concentration of diesel than strain ADL15, both strains showed similar optimal condition for the cell’s growth at pH 7.0 and 1.0% (w/v) NaCl at the conventional ‘one-factor-at-a-time’ level.
    [Show full text]
  • Norwegian Arctic Expansionism, Victoria Island (Russia) and the Bratvaag Expedition IAN GJERTZ1 and BERIT MØRKVED2
    ARCTIC VOL. 51, NO. 4 (DECEMBER 1998) P. 330– 335 Norwegian Arctic Expansionism, Victoria Island (Russia) and the Bratvaag Expedition IAN GJERTZ1 and BERIT MØRKVED2 (Received 6 October 1997; accepted in revised form 22 March 1998) ABSTRACT. Victoria Island (Ostrov Viktoriya in Russian) is the westernmost island of the Russian Arctic. The legal status of this island and neighbouring Franz Josef Land was unclear in 1929 and 1930. At that time Norwegian interests attempted, through a secret campaign, to annex Victoria Island and gain a foothold on parts of Franz Josef Land. We describe the events leading up to the Norwegian annexation, which was later abandoned for political reasons. Key words: Franz Josef Land, Victoria Island, Norwegian claim, acquisition of sovereignty RÉSUMÉ. L’île Victoria (en russe Ostrov Viktoriya) est l’île la plus occidentale de l’Arctique russe. En 1929 et 1930, le statut légal de cette île et de l’archipel François-Joseph voisin n’était pas bien défini. À cette époque, les intérêts norvégiens tentaient, par le biais d’une campagne secrète, d’annexer l’île Victoria et d’établir une emprise sur des zones de l’archipel François- Joseph. On décrit les événements menant à l’annexion norvégienne, annexion qui fut délaissée par la suite pour des raisons politiques. Mots clés: archipel François-Joseph, île Victoria, revendication norvégienne, acquisition de la souveraineté Traduit pour la revue Arctic par Nésida Loyer. INTRODUCTION One of the bases for claiming these polar areas was that Norwegians either had discovered them or had vital eco- Norway has a long tradition in Arctic exploration, fishing, nomic interests in them as the most important commercial sealing, and hunting.
    [Show full text]
  • Ecosystem Approach to Mangement
    Report from the PAME Workshop on Ecosystem Approach to Management 22-23 January 2011 Tromsø, Norway Acknowledgements and support We would like to gratefully acknowledge the financial support provided to this project from the Nordic Council of Ministers. Furthermore, both financial and in-kind support was provided by the lead countries, Norway and the United States. We would also like to thank all PAME countries, experts from other Arctic Council Working Groups and Permanent Participants to the Arctic Council for their support in this work. Table of Content BACKGROUND .................................................................................................................................... 1 WORKSHOP PROGRAM AND PARTICIPANTS .......................................................................... 1 REVIEW AND UPDATE OF THE WORKING MAP ON ARCTIC LMES .................................. 2 CAFF FOCAL MARINE AREAS ............................................................................................................ 2 LMES AND SUBDIVISION INTO SUB-AREAS OR ECO-REGIONS ............................................................. 3 STRAIGHT LINES OR BATHYMETRIC ISOLINES? ................................................................................... 4 LME BOUNDARY ISSUES ..................................................................................................................... 5 REVISED WORKING MAP OF ARCTIC LMES ........................................................................................ 9 STATUS REPORTING
    [Show full text]
  • A Century of Polar Expedition Films: from Roald 83 Amundsen to Børge Ousland Jan Anders Diesen
    NOT A BENE Small Country, Long Journeys Norwegian Expedition Films Edited by Eirik Frisvold Hanssen and Maria Fosheim Lund 10 NASJONALBIBLIOTEKETS SKRIFTSERIE SKRIFTSERIE NASJONALBIBLIOTEKETS Small Country, Long Journeys Small Country, Long Journeys Norwegian Expedition Films Edited by Eirik Frisvold Hanssen and Maria Fosheim Lund Nasjonalbiblioteket, Oslo 2017 Contents 01. Introduction 8 Eirik Frisvold Hanssen 02. The Amundsen South Pole Expedition Film and Its Media 24 Contexts Espen Ytreberg 03. The History Lesson in Amundsen’s 1910–1912 South Pole 54 Film Footage Jane M. Gaines 04. A Century of Polar Expedition Films: From Roald 83 Amundsen to Børge Ousland Jan Anders Diesen 05. Thor Iversen and Arctic Expedition Film on the 116 Geographical and Documentary Fringe in the 1930s Bjørn Sørenssen 06. Through Central Borneo with Carl Lumholtz: The Visual 136 and Textual Output of a Norwegian Explorer Alison Griffiths 07. In the Wake of a Postwar Adventure: Myth and Media 178 Technologies in the Making of Kon-Tiki Axel Andersson and Malin Wahlberg 08. In the Contact Zone: Transculturation in Per Høst’s 212 The Forbidden Jungle Gunnar Iversen 09. Filmography 244 10. Contributors 250 01. Introduction Eirik Frisvold Hanssen This collection presents recent research on Norwegian expedition films, held in the film archive of the National Library of Norway. At the center of the first three chapters is film footage made in connec- tion with Roald Amundsen’s Fram expedition to the South Pole in 1910–12. Espen Ytreberg examines the film as part of a broader media event, Jane Gaines considers how the film footage in conjunc- tion with Amundsen’s diary can be used in the writing of history, and Jan Anders Diesen traces the century-long tradition of Norwe- gian polar expedition film, from Amundsen up to the present.
    [Show full text]
  • Alphabetical Index of Place Names. A
    ALPHABETICAL INDEX OF PLACE NAMES. A Abrolhos (Australia) 1527, 1598. Amsterdam & St. Paul (Islands) 1633， 1696. Abyssinia 1467. Annobon 1471. Acadia 1497. Andaman 1050, Azores 1351, 1432. Anian (Strait) 1501. Adare (Cape, Victoria land) 1894. Antigoa 1493. Adelia (Land) 1837. Antipodes (Islands) 1800. Admiralty (Island) 1616. Aral (Sea of) 1246. Africa (Cape of) 1487. Argentine 1508， 1535. Alaska (Gulf of) 1741. Arguin 1445、 . Alleutian (Islands) 1729, 1741. Arsacides (Land of the), Solomon islands Alexander I (Land) 1810. 1567， 1769- Algoa (Bay) i486. Ascension (Island) 1501. Albert Nyanssa (Lake) (White Nile) 186.1. Auckland (Island) 1806. Amazon 1499, 1541， 1638. Australia 1527, 1618’ 1814. Amirantes (Islands) 1770. Axel Heiberg (Island) 1900. Amund Ringnes (Island) 1900. Back (River), Great fish 1833. Behring 1648, 1690, 1728. Bahamas 1492. Berkeley Sound 1787. Bahia (Brazil) 1501. Bermudas 1522, 1609. Baikal (Lake) 1616. Bismark (Strait of) 1873. Baffin (Bay of) 1616. Björnöya 1596. Balleny (Islands) 1839. Blosse ville (Land of) 1833. Banks (Island) 1789, 1819. Bogoslof (Island) 1768. Banzare (Land) 1930. Bojador (Cape) 1434. Barrow (Strait) 1819. Boothia (Peninsula) 1829. Barrow (Point) 1826. Borneo 1513. Bass (Strait) 1797. Borden (Brocke) Island 1915. Bassas da India 1774. Botany (Bay) 1769. Batavia 1619. Bounty (Island) 1788. Bear (Island) 1596. Bourbon (Island), Réunion 1649. Bengal 1517. Bouvet (Island) 1739. Belgium Austral (Falkland) 1721. Brazil 1499， 1500. Belgium (Strait of) 1897. Bucarelli (Bay, San Francisco) 1775. Bellot (Strait) 1852. Calicutt 1498. Chelyuskin (Cape) 1742. California 1535. Chesapeake (Bay) 1607. Campbell (Island) 1810. Chile 1537, i 5Si- Canada 1497， 1508， 1523， 1534. Chiloe (Islands) 1558. Canary (Islands) 1312, 1341, 1402. China (Strait of) .
    [Show full text]