DOCSLIB.ORG

Epidemic of Charcoal Burning Suicide in Japan Eiji Yoshioka, Sharon J

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Epidemic of Charcoal Burning Suicide in Japan Eiji Yoshioka, Sharon J The British Journal of Psychiatry (2014) 204, 274–282. doi: 10.1192/bjp.bp.113.135392 Epidemic of charcoal burning suicide in Japan Eiji Yoshioka, Sharon J. B. Hanley, Yasuyuki Kawanishi and Yasuaki Saijo Background Results The charcoal burning suicide epidemics in both Hong Kong In males and females aged 15–24 and 25–44 years, the and Taiwan have been well documented. However, little is charcoal burning epidemic led to a substantial increase in known about the situation in Japan. overall suicides, without a decrease in other methods. In all other age groups, no such trend was observed. Aims To examine the impact of charcoal burning suicide on the Conclusions overall and other method-specific suicide rates between In young Japanese, the charcoal burning method may have 1998 and 2007 in Japan. appealed to individuals who might not have chosen other highly or relatively lethal methods, and consequently led to Method an increase in overall suicides. Using data obtained from the Vital Statistics of Japan, negative binomial regression analyses were performed to Declaration of interest investigate the impact of the charcoal burning method. None. Suicide is an important global healthcare issue, and suicide rates also important.13,14 Compared with the number of population vary according to region, gender, age, time, ethnic origin and, to studies conducted on the impact on overall suicide rates when a a certain extent, practices of death registration.1 In Japan, the specific method is restricted, little attention has been paid to the annual number of suicides rose sharply to 30 000 in 1998, and impact of newly emerging methods on overall suicide rates.7 Thus, has remained high to the present day.2 In 2012, suicide was the the rapid emergence of burning charcoal indoors as a source of seventh major cause of death in Japan. Moreover, the suicide rate toxic carbon monoxide for taking one’s own life provides a unique in Japan is the highest among all high-income countries.2 opportunity to study the impact of method availability on overall Therefore, suicide prevention is a major target of public health suicide rates. Whether a specific method results in death is related efforts. to both its lethal properties and its accessibility, and the case Ajdacic-Gross et al3 used mortality data from the World fatality rate of suicide methods varies greatly.15 The case fatality Health Organization to illustrate great variations in the preferred rates for firearms (80–90%), building jumping (70%), drowning method of suicide across countries. They commented that the (65–80%) and hanging (60–85%) are estimated to be high, main methods of suicide typically change very slowly except for whereas the rate for medication overdose (1.5–4%) is low. The suicide by charcoal burning (carbon monoxide poisoning by case fatality rates for charcoal burning (40–50%), car exhaust burning charcoal in a closed space). Epidemics of charcoal gas (40–60%) and bridge jumping (35–60%) are estimated to be burning suicide in Hong Kong and Taiwan began in the late modest. The case fatality rate of pesticides ingestion (6–75%) 1990s.4–10 In Hong Kong, only 16 people died by suicide from has a comparatively wide range. Therefore, if the charcoal burning charcoal burning in 1998; however, this number increased to suicide method appeals to individuals who would have used other 276 in 2002.4 Similarly, in Taiwan, only 32 people died by suicide highly or relatively lethal methods, the emergence of this method from charcoal burning in 1998, but this number increased to 1346 may consequently result in little or no increase in overall suicide in 2005.5 The dramatic increase in charcoal burning suicide in rates and a substantial decrease in other method-specific suicide Hong Kong and Taiwan is worth noting. In Japan, an epidemic rates. On the other hand, if this method appeals to many individuals of charcoal burning suicide also emerged from 2003.8,11 In who might not have used other highly or relatively lethal methods February 2003, one man and two women, all strangers, formed available, the emergence would lead to a substantial increase in a pact and killed themselves by burning charcoal.8,11 This incident overall suicide rates and little or no decrease in other method- attracted a lot of media attention and initiated a number of specific suicide rates. Reports from both Hong Kong and Taiwan copycat suicide pacts in the following months. Since then, this have indicated that the emergence of charcoal burning methods is disturbing trend has been creeping across Japan, with charcoal associated with an increase in overall suicide rates, and almost no burning frequently used in suicide pacts. The reason for this is decrease in other method-specific suicide rates.4,7,10 However, that charcoal is easily obtained in shops and the method is in Japan, little is known about the impact of charcoal burning recognised as being simple and painless. The Complete Manual suicide on overall and other method-specific suicide rates. of Suicide is a Japanese book written by Wataru Tsurumi,12 which Therefore, in order to address this question, we examined the was first published in 1993. It provides explicit descriptions and impact of the charcoal burning suicide epidemic on overall and analyses of a wide range of suicide methods such as overdosing, other method-specific suicide rates in Japan. hanging, jumping and carbon monoxide poisoning. However, the charcoal burning method was not listed in this book, and as such, was not yet a popular suicide method among Japanese at Method that time. Although social, economic, cultural and psychological factors Data sources are significant contributors to suicide rates there is good evidence The number of deaths from suicide by gender, age (5-year age that the changing availability and popularity of lethal methods is bands) and the ICD-10 codes between 1998 and 2007 was 274 Downloaded from https://www.cambridge.org/core. 01 Oct 2021 at 04:02:11, subject to the Cambridge Core terms of use. Epidemic of charcoal burning suicide in Japan obtained from the Vital Statistics of Japan.16 To identify the whether one or more joinpoints are significant and should be method of suicide, the underlying cause of death according to added to the model. In the final model each joinpoint (if any ICD-10 was used.17 Data on suicide victims 14 years old or was detected) indicates a significant change in the slope. The younger were not analysed in this study. Yearly age standardised maximum number of joinpoints, minimum number of rates were calculated for those aged 15 years and over using the observations from a joinpoint to either end of the data and World Standard population.18 minimum number of observations between two joinpoints were Following ICD-10, all reportable deaths with an external cause set at one, three and four respectively (default settings). The code in the range from X60 to X84, that occurred in the study estimated annual percentage change (EAPC) and 95% confidence period, were classified as suicide.17 For the purpose of this study, interval were estimated for the time segments on both sides of since there is no specific ICD code for suicide from carbon the inflection points. In addition, in order to compare the monoxide poisoning due to charcoal burning, we followed the estimated changes in the age-adjusted suicide rates during the practice that all reportable deaths with an external cause code of overall research period (1998–2007), the pre-epidemic period X67 that satisfied the definition of ‘intentional self-poisoning by (1997–2002) and the epidemic period (2003–2007), the average and exposure to other gases and vapours’ were included as annual percentage change (AAPC) was calculated. The AAPC is charcoal burning suicide.4 Although this approach to coding the a summary measure that is computed, over a fixed interval, as a manner of death has been used before, it is potentially confounded weighted average of the slope coefficients of the joinpoint by the inclusion of suicides by motor vehicle exhaust gas, other regression with the weights equal to the length of each detected carbon monoxide sources, other specified gases and vapours, segment over the interval. When no joinpoint is detected, the and unspecified gases and vapours. Based on data from the AAPC coincides with the EAPC. National Police Agency in Japan, Hitosugi et al11 investigated All analyses, with the exception of the joinpoint regression, the number of suicides by charcoal burning in 2007. They were performed using Stata statistical software, version 12.1, for reported that 8.2% of all suicides were by charcoal burning (males: Macintosh. Statistical significance was defined as a two-tailed 10.0%, females: 4.0%). Based on data from the Vital Statistics of P-value of 50.05. To examine the influence of charcoal burning Japan, 9.9% of reportable deaths with an ‘X60 to X84’ code suicide on overall suicide epidemiology in Japan between 1998 corresponded to those with an X67 code in 2007 (males: 11.9%, and 2007, negative binomial regression analyses were performed females: 4.9%). Therefore, we estimated that in 2007 about 80% using the number of suicides per year and age groups as the of reportable deaths with an X67 code were charcoal burning outcome variable. Negative binomial regression is Poisson suicides. regression with an additional gamma distributed parameter to adjust for overdispersion (extra-Poisson variation) in the data. The regression equation contained a dummy variable (D)asan Period of time under study independent variable that took the value 0 or 1 to indicate the From 1997 to 1998, the number of suicides in Japan had increased pattern of charcoal burning suicide in the pre-epidemic period by 34.7%, and reached more than 30 000 per year.2 The economic (0) or in the epidemic period (1) respectively.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Suicide: a Unique Epidemic in Japan a High GDP, a Literacy Rate of 99
    Suicide: A Unique Epidemic in Japan Magdalena Wilson College of Arts and Science, Vanderbilt University Japan, a country with a long life expectancy, strong economy and stable political system seems like an unlikely place to encounter a deadly global epidemic. Yet, the unique history and culture of Japan, including its religion, media, and economy, create a setting in which rates of suicide are reaching unprecedented levels. The culture of Japan combined with the peculiar nature of suicide, which allows it to evade clear classification as a disease, creates an intriguing public health challenge for Japan in tackling this epidemic. A high GDP, a literacy rate of 99 percent, a performing a form of seppuku more appropriate for healthy life expectancy of 72-78 years, and a health times of peace, junshi or “suicide to follow one‟s lord budget of 1660 international dollars per capita (World to the grave,” (59) as an outlet for expressing their Health Organization 2005) are not the features valor and dedication to their lord. Seppuku emerged typically associated with a country suffering from one yet again in a slightly different form in the 17th of the worst outbreaks of a deadly global epidemic. century Japanese legal system as a somewhat more Then again, nothing is really typical about the suicide dignified alternative to the death penalty. Throughout epidemic in Japan. In general, suicide is a growing the next two hundred years, seppuku remained central public health problem globally, with international to Japanese society in its various forms until Japan suicide rates increasing 60 percent in the last 45 years began to modernize during the Meiji period in the late (World Health Organization 2009).
    [Show full text]
  • Newspaper Reporting and the Emergence of Charcoal Burning Suicide in Taiwan: a Mixed Methods Approach
    Chen, Y-Y., Tsai, C-W., Biddle, L. A., Niederkrotenthaler, T., Chang Wu, K. C., & Gunnell, D. (2016). Newspaper reporting and the emergence of charcoal burning suicide in Taiwan: A mixed methods approach. Journal of Affective Disorders, 193, 355-361. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.041 Peer reviewed version Link to published version (if available): 10.1016/j.jad.2015.12.041 Link to publication record in Explore Bristol Research PDF-document University of Bristol - Explore Bristol Research General rights This document is made available in accordance with publisher policies. Please cite only the published version using the reference above. Full terms of use are available: http://www.bristol.ac.uk/red/research-policy/pure/user-guides/ebr-terms/ Title: Newspaper reporting and the emergence of charcoal burning suicide in Taiwan: A mixed methods approach Authors: Ying-Yeh Chen1,2 M.D., Sc.D., Chi-Wei Tsai2 M.S., Lucy Biddle3 PhD, Thomas Niederkrotenthaler4, M.D., PhD, Kevin Chien-Chang Wu5,6*, M.D., LL.M., Ph.D. David Gunnell3 M.D., Ph.D. 1 Taipei City Psychiatric Center, Taipei City Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan 2 Institute of Public Health and Department of Public Health, National Yang-Ming University, Taipei, Taiwan 3 School of Social and Community Medicine, University of Bristol, Bristol, UK 4 Suicide Research Unit, Center for Public Health, Medical University of Vienna, Vienna, Austria 5 Department and Graduate Institute of Medical Education and Bioethics, National Taiwan University College of Medicine, School of Medicine, Taipei, Taiwan 6 Department of Psychiatry, National Taiwan University Hospital, Taipei, Taiwan Corresponding author: Kevin Chien-Chang Wu No.1 Changde Street, Zhongzheng Dist., Taipei City 10048, Taiwan Tel: 886-2-23123456 # 66788, 88575 Fax: 886-2-2382-5646; 886-2-2393-5254 E-mail: [email protected] 1 Abstract Background: It has been suggested that extensive media reporting of charcoal burning suicide was a key factor in the rapid spread of this novel method in many East Asia countries.
    [Show full text]
  • Resources for At-Risk Veterans and the Practicing Bar: the Suicide Epidemic
    RESOURCES FOR AT-RISK VETERANS AND THE PRACTICING BAR: THE SUICIDE EPIDEMIC CLE Credit: 1.0 Sponsor: KBA Military Law Committee and KYLAP Wednesday, June 12, 2019 11:50 a.m. – 12:50 p.m. Carroll-Ford Galt House Hotel Louisville, Kentucky A NOTE CONCERNING THE PROGRAM MATERIALS The materials included in this Kentucky Bar Association Continuing Legal Education handbook are intended to provide current and accurate information about the subject matter covered. No representation or warranty is made concerning the application of the legal or other principles discussed by the instructors to any specific fact situation, nor is any prediction made concerning how any particular judge or jury will interpret or apply such principles. The proper interpretation or application of the principles discussed is a matter for the considered judgement pf the induvial legal practitioner. The faculty and staff of this Kentucky Bar Association CLE program disclaim liability therefore. Attorneys using these materials, or information otherwise conveyed during the program in dealing with a specific legal matter have a duty to research the original and current sources of authority. Printed by: Evolution Creative Solutions 7107 Shona Drive Cincinnati, Ohio 45237 Kentucky Bar Association TABLE OF CONTENTS The Presenters ................................................................................................................. i Untreated Depression and the Risk of Suicide Among Lawyers and Veterans Who are Lawyers ...........................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Police Suicide Prevention
    QPR: Police Suicide Prevention A 5-year veteran uniformed police officer, in acute distress about his wife divorcing him, hints to his shift supervisor, “Forget that transfer I asked for; I’ve decided to work things out permanently.” The shift supervisor takes him aside and asks, “What’s the matter? Is something going on in your personal life?” After this inquiry, the officer announces that his wife is leaving him, describes his sense of devastation, and laments his inability to reverse her decision. The supervisor says, “I’m worried about you and concerned for your safety. Have you had any thoughts about killing yourself?” The officer nods. “Then I want you to see a professional immediately -- strictly confidential. I’ll make arrangements. Chaplain or psychologist?” “Psychologist,” the officer replies, accepting help. Then he asks, “Do I have to give up my badge and gun?” “No,” replies the supervisor. “But for your safety you have to promise me you will not kill yourself until you’ve gotten some help. Are you willing to do that?” “Okay,” the officer sighs. “Okay, okay… How soon can I see the psychologist?” “Today. I will take you myself,” replies the supervisor. Suicide is a tragedy that impacts tens of thousands of people each year: family members, friends and colleagues. Suicide also has an impact on those in law enforcement, whether as direct observers of a death by suicide, as survivors of a family member or friend’s suicide, or as a person struggling with his or her own personal thoughts of self-destruction. The fact is we expect a lot of law enforcement personnel and they, in turn, expect a lot of themselves.
    [Show full text]
  • Geographies of Suicide and the Representation of Self-Sacrifice in Japanese Popular Culture and Media
    Megan Rose O'Kane 40082809 Geographies of Suicide and the Representation of Self-Sacrifice in Japanese Popular Culture and Media 27/04/16 Word Count: 13,142 1 This dissertation has been submitted towards the degree of BSc Honours in Geography at Queen's University Belfast. I certify that all material in this dissertation is my own, except where explicitly identified. 2 Abstract Japan's suicide rate is the highest in the developed world. Despite being a nation famous for its economic prosperity, Japan has a multitude of issues relating to social development. Patrick Smith (1997) writes about 'the samurai who carries a briefcase', a visual metaphor which effectively conveys the cultural schizophrenia plaguing the mentalities of modern Japanese society. The convergence of deep- rooted traditional Japanese philosophies with the modern capitalist mindset has resulted in a very unique and convoluted moral code among the contemporary Japanese population. Unlike Western society, suicide carries no social stigma and at times is even celebrated; a mindset inherited from generations of honourable self- sacrifice instilled by the samurai code. This research paper explores two famous pieces of Japanese popular media, and assesses the ways in which representations of suicide are produced and consumed. By focussing on the identification of geographies of suicide, spatially and temporally specific Japanese social maladies, and the sensationalisation of suicide in the media, this paper provides a comprehensive insight into the social realities reflected in these fictional works. 3 Acknowledgements I could not have completed my dissertation without the emotional support from my family and friends. I would like to single out my mother for all her proof-reading and constant support, I cannot thank her enough.
    [Show full text]
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Modernism's Suicidal Impulse: Psychic Contamination and the Crowd DISSERTATION Submitted in P
    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA, IRVINE Modernism’s Suicidal Impulse: Psychic Contamination and the Crowd DISSERTATION submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY in English by Katherine Lynn Ryan Dissertation Committee: Professor Margot Norris, Chair Professor Laura O’Connor Professor Arlene R. Keizer 2014 © 2014 Katherine Lynn Ryan In loving memory of Martin Ryan ii TABLE OF CONTENTS Page ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS iv CURRICULUM VITAE v ABSTRACT OF THE DISSERTATION vi INTRODUCTION 1 CHAPTER 1: A “Fire That Purifies”: Psychic Contamination and Suicidal 26 Fantasy in Manhattan Transfer CHAPTER 2: “The pack may howl, but it shall never catch me”: Affective 72 Contagion, Suicidal Inoculation, and the Herd in Woolf CHAPTER 3: “Affected, or Infected, Forever”: Emmeline, Suicide, and 122 Atmospheric Affect in To the North CHAPTER 4: “I stood in the centre of eroticism and death”: Affective 162 Spillways and the Suicidal Logic of Desire in Nightwood BIBLIOGRAPHY 226 iii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS First and foremost, I owe the success of this project to my dissertation committee. I would like to thank my dissertation chair Margot Norris, who believed in this project from the beginning and who aided me in countless ways throughout the dissertation process. I could not have asked for a kinder or more inspiring advisor. I would also like to thank Laura O’Connor for her invaluable advice throughout graduate school and especially for her guidance during this very hectic past year. Without her encouragement and support, this dissertation would not have been written. Arlene Keizer has also helped clarify and strengthen this project in innumerable ways, and I am very fortunate to have had the benefit of her dedication and expertise.
    [Show full text]
  • The Portrayal of Suicide in Postmodern Japanese Literature and Popular Culture Media
    University of Vermont ScholarWorks @ UVM UVM Honors College Senior Theses Undergraduate Theses 2014 The orP trayal of Suicide in Postmodern Japanese Literature and Popular Culture Media Pedro M. Teixeira Follow this and additional works at: https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses Recommended Citation Teixeira, Pedro M., "The orP trayal of Suicide in Postmodern Japanese Literature and Popular Culture Media" (2014). UVM Honors College Senior Theses. 15. https://scholarworks.uvm.edu/hcoltheses/15 This Honors College Thesis is brought to you for free and open access by the Undergraduate Theses at ScholarWorks @ UVM. It has been accepted for inclusion in UVM Honors College Senior Theses by an authorized administrator of ScholarWorks @ UVM. For more information, please contact [email protected]. THE PORTRAYAL OF SUICIDE IN POSTMODERN JAPANESE LITERATURE AND POPULAR CULTURE MEDIA Pedro Manço Teixeira Honors Thesis Final Draft, Spring 2014 Thesis Advisor: Kyle Keoni Ikeda INTRODUCTION Within Japanese society, suicide has been a recurring cultural and social concern explored extensively in various literary and artistic forms, and has evolved into a serious societal epidemic by the end of the 20 th century. This project investigates contemporary Japan’s suicide epidemic through an analysis of the portrayal of suicide in post-1970s Japanese literature, films, and popular culture media of manga 1 and anime 2, and in comparison to empirical data on suicide in Japan as presented in peer-reviewed psychology articles. In the analysis of these contemporary works, particular attention was given to their targeted demographic, the profiles of the suicide victims in the stories, the justifications for suicide, and the relevance of suicide to the plot of each work.
    [Show full text]
  • Explaining the Rise in Youth Suicide
    This PDF is a selection from an out-of-print volume from the National Bureau of Economic Research Volume Title: Risky Behavior among Youths: An Economic Analysis Volume Author/Editor: Jonathan Gruber, editor Volume Publisher: University of Chicago Press Volume ISBN: 0-226-31013-2 Volume URL: http://www.nber.org/books/grub01-1 Publication Date: January 2001 Chapter Title: Explaining the Rise in Youth Suicide Chapter Author: David M. Cutler, Edward L. Glaeser, Karen E. Norberg Chapter URL: http://www.nber.org/chapters/c10690 Chapter pages in book: (p. 219 - 270) ⅷ5 Explaining the Rise in Youth Suicide David M. Cutler, Edward L. Glaeser, and Karen E. Norberg Emile Durkheim’s Suicide documented a monotonically increasing rela- tion between age and suicide. Such a relation has been observed repeatedly since the beginning of the nineteenth century, making it one of the most robust facts about suicide. The differences in suicide rates by age are very large. In the United States in 1950, for example, suicide rates were four times higher for adults (ages twenty-five to sixty-four) than for youths (ages fifteen to twenty-four) and eight times higher for the elderly (sixty-five and older) than for youths.1 Economic theory explained this relation naturally, with the young having the most life to lose and also having the least infor- mation about what their life will be like (Hamermesh and Soss 1974). In recent decades, however, the monotonic relation between age and suicide has disappeared. Figure 5.1 shows suicide rates by age in 1950 and 1990.
    [Show full text]
  • Historical Attitudes Toward Suicide
    Duquesne Law Review Volume 35 Number 1 Special Issue: A Symposium on Article 4 Physician-Assisted Suicide 1996 Historical Attitudes toward Suicide Daniel M. Crone Follow this and additional works at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr Part of the Law Commons Recommended Citation Daniel M. Crone, Historical Attitudes toward Suicide, 35 Duq. L. Rev. 7 (1996). Available at: https://dsc.duq.edu/dlr/vol35/iss1/4 This Symposium Article is brought to you for free and open access by Duquesne Scholarship Collection. It has been accepted for inclusion in Duquesne Law Review by an authorized editor of Duquesne Scholarship Collection. Historical Attitudes Toward Suicide* Daniel M. Crone** Although suicide is an issue that has concerned all cultures1 , the attitude of ancient primitive societies toward suicide is a matter of controversy. Most of the ancient societies seemed to regard suicide with a horror that was often associated with fear of the evil spirits that suicide was believed to set loose.2 At least some ancient and primitive cultures, however, tolerated or encouraged "altruistic suicide."3 In ancient China and India, for example, the "suttee," a tradition in which a widow leapt onto the burning pyre of her deceased husband, was widely practiced.4 It is clear, however, that the roots of the Western Tradition, in which the American constitutional order is firmly embedded, spring primarily from ancient Judaic, Greek, and Roman cultures. I. ANCIENT JUDAIC CULTURE There is no Old Testament passage which can be clearly understood as offering explicit judgment on the ancient Judaic view on the morality of suicide.
    [Show full text]
  • Biblical Versus Greek Narratives for Suicide Prevention and Life Promotion: Releasing Hope from Pandora’S Urn
    religions Article Biblical versus Greek Narratives for Suicide Prevention and Life Promotion: Releasing Hope from Pandora’s Urn Kalman J. Kaplan Department of Psychiatry, University of Illinois at Chicago, Chicago, IL 60607, USA; [email protected] Abstract: Although suicide has been unfortunately stigmatized unfairly through the ages, we should not make the mistake of going to the opposite extreme and valorizing it. We should not forget that the major role of health care professionals is to prevent suicide when possible and to invigorate the underlying life force in the person. Suicide is often the ultimate outcome of a tragic and pessimistic view of life. It was prevalent in ancient Greek writing. Indeed, over 16 suicides and self-mutilations can be found in the 26 surviving tragedies of Sophocles and Euripides. In contrast, only six suicides can be found in the Hebrew Scriptures, and only one suicide in the Christian Scriptures. In addition, the Hebrew Scriptures present numerous suicide-prevention narratives that effectively provide a psychological instruction for people in despair which seems unavailable to figures in the writings of the great Greek tragedians. Unfortunately, some religious traditions tended to go to the opposite extreme in stigmatizing suicide rather than understanding it and trying to prevent it. This paper examines evidence regarding seven evidence-based risk factors for suicide: (1) Feeling depressed and isolated; (2) Feeling one’s life is without purpose; (3) Being a refugee from one’s homeland; (4) Feeling unable to express oneself with others; (5) Being adopted; (6) Feeling abandoned by one’s Citation: Kaplan, Kalman J.
    [Show full text]
  • PREVENTING SUICIDE AMONG LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: an ISSUE BRIEF This Project Is Supported by Grant No
    NATIONAL OFFICER SAFETY INITIATIVES PREVENTING SUICIDE AMONG LAW ENFORCEMENT OFFICERS: AN ISSUE BRIEF This project is supported by Grant No. 2018-DP-BX-K001 awarded by the Bureau of Justice Assistance. The Bureau of Justice Assistance is a component of the Department of Justice’s Office of Justice Programs, which also includes the Bureau of Justice Statistics, the National Institute of Justice, the Office of Juvenile Justice and Delinquency Prevention, the Office for Victims of Crime, and the SMART Office. Points of view or opinions in this document are those of the author and do not necessarily represent the official position or policies of the U.S. Department of Justice. CONTENTS Introduction .................................................................................. 2 Executive Summary ..................................................................... 3 Prevalence ..................................................................................... 4 Risk and Protective Factors ........................................................ 6 Risk Factors ............................................................................. 6 Protective Factors .................................................................. 8 Challenges to Suicide Prevention ............................................ 10 Cultural Barriers to Help-Seeking ...................................... 10 Lack of Training in Suicide Prevention .............................. 10 Department-Level Challenges ............................................. 11 Suicide
    [Show full text]
  • Suicide Research and Prevention
    SUICIDE Volume 10 RESEARCH SUICIDERESEARCH: SELECTED READINGS : SELECTED READINGS READINGS SELECTED E. Barker, A. Novic, H. Houweling, S. McPhedran and D. De Leo VOL. 10 VOL. E. Barker, A. Novic, H. Houweling, H. A. Novic, Barker, E. S. McPhedran and D. De Leo S. McPhedran May 2013 — October 2013 Australian Academic Press Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention www.aapbooks.com SUICIDE RESEARCH: SELECTED READINGS Volume 10 May 2013 — October 2013 E. Barker, A. Novic, H. Houweling, S. McPhedran, D. De Leo Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention WHO Collaborating Centre for Research and Training in Suicide Prevention National Centre of Excellence in Suicide Prevention First published in 2013 Australian Academic Press 18 Victor Russell Drive, Samford QLD 4520, Australia Australia www.australianacademicpress.com.au Copyright for the Introduction and Comments sections is held by the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention, 2013. Copyright in all abstracts is retained by the current rights holder. Apart from any use as permitted under the Copyright Act, 1968, no part may be reproduced without prior permission from the Australian Institute for Suicide Research and Prevention. ISBN: 9781922117236 Book and cover design by Maria Biaggini — The Letter Tree. Contents Foreword ................................................................................................vii Acknowledgments ..............................................................................viii Introduction Context ..................................................................................................1
    [Show full text]