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Modelling Spatio-Temporal Changes of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Asian and European Rivers Ratha Sor

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Modelling Spatio-Temporal Changes of Benthic Macroinvertebrate Communities in Asian and European Rivers Ratha Sor Modelling spatio-temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Asian and European rivers Ratha Sor To cite this version: Ratha Sor. Modelling spatio-temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Asian and European rivers. Earth Sciences. Université Paul Sabatier - Toulouse III; Universiteit Gent, 2017. English. NNT : 2017TOU30148. tel-01832089 HAL Id: tel-01832089 https://tel.archives-ouvertes.fr/tel-01832089 Submitted on 6 Jul 2018 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L’archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destinée au dépôt et à la diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publiés ou non, lished or not. The documents may come from émanant des établissements d’enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche français ou étrangers, des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou privés. THÈSE En vue de l’obtention du DOCTORAT DE L’UNIVERSITÉ DE TOULOUSE Délivré par : Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier (UT3 Paul Sabatier) Cotutelle internationale avec : Ghent University (UGent), Belgium Présentée et soutenue par : Ratha SOR Le Lundi 10 juillet 2017 Titre : Modélisation des changements spatio‐temporels des communautés de macroinvertébrés benthiques dans les rivières d'Asie et d'Europe ED SEVAB : Écologie, biodiversité et évolution Unité de recherche : Évolution et Diversité Biologique (UT3 Paul Sabatier, France) Aquatic Ecology (UGent, Belgium) Directeur(s) de Thèse : Prof Sovan LEK (Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, France) Prof Peter GOETHALS (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr Pieter BOETS (Ghent University, Belgium) Rapporteurs : Prof Philippe USSEGLIO‐POLATERA (University of Lorraine, France) Dr Nam SO (Mekong River Commission, Laos PDR) Prof. Olivier THAS (Ghent University, Belgium) Autre(s) membre(s) du jury : Prof Michele TACKX (Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, France) Prof Young‐Seuk PARK (Kyung Hee University, Republic of Korea) Prof Sovan LEK (Université Toulouse 3 Paul Sabatier, France) Dr Saveng ITH (Royal University of Phnom Penh, Cambodia) Prof Peter GOETHALS (Ghent University, Belgium) Prof Olivier THAS (Ghent University, Belgium) Dr Pieter BOETS (Ghent University, Belgium) Modelling spatio-temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Asian and European rivers MSc Ratha SOR Supervisors: Prof Dr Sovan LEK Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique, UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier – Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex 4 – France Prof Dr Peter GOETHALS Laboratory of Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology, Ghent University, Campus Coupure building F, Coupure links 653, B9000 Ghent, Belgium Co-supervisor: Dr Pieter BOETS Provincial Centre of Environmental Research, Godshuizenlaan 95, 9000 Ghent, Belgium Thesis submitted in fulfilment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor (PhD) in Ecology, Diversity and Biology (Université Paul Sabatier – Toulouse III) and in Applied Biological Sciences (Ghent University). This research was performed at: Laboratoire Evolution & Diversité Biologique (2 years), UMR 5174, Université Paul Sabatier – Toulouse III, 118 route de Narbonne, 31062 Toulouse cédex 4 – France. Laboratory for Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology (1 year), Department Applied Ecology and Environmental Biology, Faculty of Bioscience Engineering, Ghent University, Campus Coupure building F, Coupure links 653, B9000 Ghent, Belgium. Please refer to this work as follows: Sor R., 2017. Modelling spatio-temporal changes of benthic macroinvertebrate communities in Asian and European rivers. Joint-PhD thesis, University of Toulouse/Ghent University, Toulouse, France. The author and the supervisors give the authorization to consult and to copy parts of this work for personal use only. Every other use is subject to the copyright laws. Permission to reproduce any material contained in this work should be obtained from the author. Acknowledgements Firstly, I would like to express my sincere thanks and profound gratitude to my thesis directors Prof Dr Sovan LEK, Prof Dr Peter GOETHALS and Dr Pieter BOETS for their scientific support. They have a huge pile of practical, ecological and theoretical knowledge. Their guidance, advice, suggestions and encouragements allowed me to survive during this scientific journey. I thank you all very much for your precious time spent on reading and correcting my work and discussing with me with an open mind. I also highly appreciate the freedom I received and the possibility I got to begin my PhD research project. I am grateful to my thesis referees, jury members and all reading committees (Prof Philippe USSEGLIO-POLTERA, Prof Michele TACKX, Prof Young-Seuk PARK, Dr Nam SO, Prof Olivier THAS and Dr Saveng ITH) for their acceptance to review and evaluate this thesis. My grateful appreciation is due to lecturers and senior research staff from the Faculty of Science, Royal University of Phnom Penh (RUPP), who always supported and encouraged me to continue my PhD. They include Prof MEAK Kamerane, Lecturers: THAO Sokunthia, UK On Norong, THAI Iengly, HAP Sophorn, ITH Saveng, PHAUK Sophany, MEAS Senghun and KHEAM Sokha, Nicholas SOUTER and other lecturers in the Department of Biology (RUPP). Many thanks go to technical, administrative and management staff in EDB lab (UPS-TLS3): Nicole Hommet, Linda Jalabert, Dominique Pantalacci, and in the Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology lab: Sigrid Schuermans, Marianne Van den Hove, Sylvie Bauwens, Veerle Lambert, Nancy De Saeyer. They facilitated all of administrative procedures during my stay in each laboratory. Warm thanks also go my AQUAECO team leaders, colleagues and friends: Gaël Grenouillet, Sébastien Brosse, Loïc Tudesque, Mathieu Chevalier, Pengbun Ngor, Ratha Chea, Ratha Seng, Kong Heng, Bunyeth Chan, Phanith Long, Sophea Iv, Sophany Soeun, Chuanbo Guo, Chao Wang, Mingli Lin, Kevin Cilleros, Marine Cambon, Jade Bruxaux, Lucie Kuczynski and other Cambodian friends. You all kept me a live with fun and food! Loïc, thank you very much for your helps with GIS, your editing my French thesis summary and your frequent friendly conversations. Sophea, highly appreciated for your help translating my thesis summary into French. Thank you also my friends from UGent and from the Environmental Toxicology and Aquatic Ecology lab: Niels De Troyer, Wout Van Echelpoel, Sacha Gobeyn, Jana Van Butsel, i Minar Naomi Damanik Ambarita, Marie Anne Eurie Forio, Tuan Long Ho, Selamawit Negassa Chawaka, Natalia Carolina Donoso Pantoja, Rubén Jerves Cobo, Daniel Mercado Garcia, Thi Hanh Tien Nguyen, Tri Trương Trịnh Từ, Stijn Bruneel, Nathalie Claire Paracueles, Channy Chim, Saosometh Chhith and other friendly people. Our lunch was always relaxing and funny! Financial means are very crucial to make this scientific mission possible. I am therefore grateful to the Erasmus Mundus LOTUS Unlimited project (European Commission) and the Belmont forum TLSCC projects for providing the chance to do this research. And also, I would like to thank the Mekong River Commission (MRC) and the Flemish Environment Agency (VMM) for the opportunity to study their samples. My thankful appreciation owe to Prof Sovan LEK and Mrs Sithan LEK for their hospitality, kindness, care, and delicious food. They consider me like their own child, and their house feels like a home for me in Toulouse. I do enjoy gardening (especially during the weekend!), shopping and travelling with them. Many thanks to my second parents and their family in Belgium and my second mum (Judy Santmire) in the USA for their warm welcome, treats and talks during my stressing moments, and to brothers and sisters in churches (in Cambodia, France, and Belgium) for their supportive prayers. Highest thanks be to God for he has given me this wonderful scientific mission and for his wisdom and blessing so that I can complete this assignment with perseverance and joy. Grateful thanks is extended to my beloved parents, brother and sister. It is blessing to be born and grow up in such a warm and lovely family. កនសូ ូមអរគណេកពុ កុ អនកម្ដ យជអេនក ស្រមបករច់ ញិ ចឹ មបីបចែថរក់ នងទិ នំ កប្រមុ ុង ្រគបែបបយ់ ៉ង។ អរគណបង្របុ ុស នងបង្រសីិ ែដលេមើលែថ នងករពរបិ ូ្អនងពំ ីតចជមូ ួយ ពកែមុ ។៉ េសចក្រសញី្ដ ់ ករផតគ ផ់ ងគ ់ នងករេលិ ើកទកចឹ តិ របស្ត អ់ នកទងអសំ គ់ ន គម នអី្វកតៃថ់ បន្ល េឡើយ។ កសី្ដ ខរបសុ អ់ នកទងអសំ គ់ ន ជកសី្ដ ខរបសុ ខ់ ែដរ។ំុញ ii PART I: SYNTHESIS Table of Contents Summary ......................................................................................................................................... v 1. General Introduction ................................................................................................................... 1 1.1 Background to the study ........................................................................................................ 1 1.2 Macroinvertebrates in Asian and European rivers: a general overview ................................ 3 1.3 Modelling techniques and applications ................................................................................. 5 1.4 Research problem, aims and objectives ................................................................................ 5 2. Materials and Methods ................................................................................................................ 8 2.1 Case study in the LMB and dataset ......................................................................................
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