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124 Synthesis of Science to Inform Land Management Within the Northwest Forest Plan Area Eric Knapp

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143 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966

A Infrequent, high severity High Live / canopy cover canopy biomass/tree Live Moderately frequent, mixed severity Low

0 1,000 Time (years) B High

Frequent, mixed severity

Very frequent, low severity Live biomass/tree canopy cover biomass/tree Live Low

0 1,000 Time (years)

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A B 100,000 700,000

Low 600,000 10,000 Low Medium 500,000 Medium High 1,000 High 400,000

100 300,000 200,000 Number of patches of Number 10 100,000 Area of patches (acres) patches of Area

1 0

<250 <250 >250,000 >250,000 250 to 2,500 250 to 2,500 2,500 to 25,000 2,500 to 25,000 25,000 to 250,000 25,000 to 250,000 Patch size (acres) Patch size (acres)

C D 1,000 12,000,000 LSR LSR 10,000,000 LSR + CR LSR + CR 100 8,000,000

6,000,000

10 4,000,000 Number of reserves 2,000,000 Area of reserve (acres) (acres) reserve of Area

1 0

<250 <250 >250,000 >250,000 250 to 2,500 250 to 2,500 2,500 to 25,000 2,500 to 25,000 25,000 to 250,000 25,000 to 250,000 Reserve size (acres) Reserve size (acres)

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175 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966

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176 Synthesis of Science to Inform Land Management Within the Northwest Forest Plan Area

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181 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966

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185 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966

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236 Synthesis of Science to Inform Land Management Within the Northwest Forest Plan Area  2$. 00 PINUS 000 000 000 10 000 000 19 0 1 3,32     0 000 0 000  ]RQHVLQWKDWVHWRI  1     001000 000000 00   0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 0001000 0000000 0000000  1000000 0000000 0001000 0000000 0000000 0000000 0000000 000 0 009000000 000 0 00 000 0 000001000 000 0 1000000000 0000 0 0 10000         110000010000    OV VHHWDEOH RI¿UHUHJLPHVDQGSHUFHQWDJHRIYHJHWDWLRQ 000 00000000 00000000 000000000 0 1 00000000 00000000 00 0 0000 0000000010 00000900 00000 00000000 00000000 00000000 000001000 0 1 000000000 00001 00 0 00000 00000001 00000000 000011000 0 000010000 0 0 1 000 00000000 00000 00000100 01000000 00000000 0000 00000 00000000 000010000 0 0 0 +LJK Lightning PISI THPL TSHE CHLA LIDE SESE ABAM TSME ABLA ABMAS PSME ABGRC 3UHFLS HQYLURQPHQWDOFODVVHV FRQWLQXHG 7DEOH²7HPSHUDWXUHSUHFLSLWDWLRQDQGOLJKWQLQJFODVVOHYH Regime Temp. )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\ORZ /RZ +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\ORZ 0RGHUDWH /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH +LJK 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK 0RGHUDWH +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ /RZ +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH /RZ /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH +LJK +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\ORZ 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ 0RGHUDWH /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK +LJK /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH /RZ 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\ORZ 0RGHUDWH +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK /RZ /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK +LJK 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH /RZ +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\ORZ +LJK 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK /RZ 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK +LJK +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ 0RGHUDWH +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ /RZ /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK /RZ +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ +LJK /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ /RZ 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK 0RGHUDWH /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ +LJK 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ +LJK 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ /RZ +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH +LJK /RZ

237 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966 1 0 2$. 00     PINUS 0 3,32  00 10 10900 &+/$  ]RQHVLQWKDWVHWRI           Pseudotsuga menziesii Abies grandis/concolor 360(  0000000 0000000 0000000 0010100 0000010 0000000 0000000 0000000 0101000 0000000 0001000 0001000 0000000 0000000  0000000 $%*5&  Picea sitchensis Picea shastensis 000 0 YDU VSS3,6,  VSS3,6, 0000000000 0000 0 0001 0 0000 0 0000 0  Pinus       $ELHVPDJQL¿FD 3,186  $%0$6  Tsuga heterophylla Pinus ponderosa OV VHHWDEOH RI¿UHUHJLPHVDQGSHUFHQWDJHRIYHJHWDWLRQ 76+(  Abies lasiocarpa VSS3,32  00 011 000000 0000100000 00000000 00001 00000000 0000 00001000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 0000 0000 00000000 00000000 000000000 0 0 0 000 000000000 0 0 0 000 0000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 00000000 $%/$  Quercus Tsuga mertensianaTsuga +LJK Lightning PISI THPL TSHE CHLA LIDE SESE ABAM TSME ABLA ABMAS PSME ABGRC 2$.  2$. Abies amabilis 760(  3UHFLS Thuja plicata Libocedrus decurrens Libocedrus 7+3/  /,'(  Sequoia sempervirens 6(6(  HQYLURQPHQWDOFODVVHV FRQWLQXHG Chamaecyparis lawsoniana 7DEOH²7HPSHUDWXUHSUHFLSLWDWLRQDQGOLJKWQLQJFODVVOHYH Regime Temp. WHPSHUDWXUH3UHFLS7HPS SUHFLSLWDWLRQ$%$0  )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK /RZ /RZ )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK /RZ 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK /RZ +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK +LJK +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ +LJK /RZ 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK /RZ +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\ORZ /RZ +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ +LJK /RZ +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK 0RGHUDWH +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK 0RGHUDWH /RZ 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ /RZ /RZ +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ +LJK 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK +LJK +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ /RZ 0RGHUDWH +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ +LJK 0RGHUDWH +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK 0RGHUDWH +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH /RZ 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ +LJK +LJK +LJK )UHTXHQW²PL[HGVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK +LJK 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH /RZ +LJK 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK /RZ /RZ 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 0RGHUDWH 0RGHUDWH 9HU\IUHTXHQW²ORZVHYHULW\ 9HU\KLJK /RZ 0RGHUDWH

238 Synthesis of Science to Inform Land Management Within the Northwest Forest Plan Area

$SSHQGL[6XPPDU\RI)LUH+LVWRU\6WXGLHVLQWKH1RUWKZHVW)RUHVW3ODQ regime Mapped Mapped /RZ )06 0L[HG ,+6 0L[HG 0)06 0L[HG 0)06 regime Interpreted Interpreted High- KD 0L[HGKLJK 0)06 severity SDWFKVL]H ± high Low/ ± ± moderate/  ² ² 0L[HG 0)06 ²² ²0L[HG0)06 ²² ² ²² ²² ² a ²²²+LJK,+$  100 )UHTXHQF\ HDE\SRWHQWLDOYHJHWDWLRQ]RQH FRQWLQXHG return interval Rotation 6FDUV  ² ² ² /RZ ,+6 6FDUV ± 6FDUV  ² ² ² /RZ )06 6FDUV  ² ² ² /RZ )06 UHFRUGV $JHVFDUV ± ² ² ² 0L[HG ,+6 $JHVFDUV   ±± $JHVFDUV $JH6FDUV  $JH6FDUV  $JH6FDUV   ± $JHFODVVIURP KLVWRULFDOVXUYH\

period Method 3UH SUH KD KD aKD 3RVW :HVWHUQ Hectares Years Percent Hectares ± KD ± ± ± ± ± KD ± 11 000 ha ha 000 11 :DVKLQJWRQ a± Extent/time RUE"  6ZDQVRQ $JHH  6ZHWQDP

239 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966 regime Mapped Mapped regime Interpreted Interpreted ²+LJK0)06  0L[HGKLJK 0)06 High- severity SDWFKVL]H high Low/ ± ± ± ± moderate/ ²² ²/RZ,+6 b ²± ²²²+LJK,+6  )UHTXHQF\ HDE\SRWHQWLDOYHJHWDWLRQ]RQH FRQWLQXHG return interval Rotation $JH ²  ² ² +LJK ,+6 UHOHDVH UHFRUGV DLUSKRWRV $JHVFDUV ± ² ² ² 0L[HG ,+6 $JHVFDUV$JHVFDUV  ± ²  ² ² ² ² /RZPL[HG ² 0)06 0L[HG 0)06 $JHVFDUV   ± $JHVFDUV   ² ² 0L[HG 0)06,+6 $JHVFDUV ²  ² ² 0L[HG 0)06 $JHVFDUV   ² ² 0L[HGKLJK ,+6 $JHJURZWK VWUXFWXUHIURP $JHFODVVIURP KLVWRULFDOVXUYH\ $JHOLYHUHVLGXDO



period Method 3UH KD KD KD :HVWHUQ SUH Hectares Years Percent Hectares aKD ± ± KD :DVKLQJWRQ ± ± ± ± ± ± ± aKD Extent/time  .UXVHPDUN 6ZDQVRQ  =DERZVNL $JHH )UDQNOLQ $JHHHWDOD KD 2OVHQDQG$JHH 5REELQV aNP $JHHDQG 0RUULVRQDQG :HLVEHUJ KD ,PSDUD aKD :HW]HODQG)RQGD :HQGHODQG )DKQHVWRFNDQG +HPVWURPDQG 7DEOH²)LUHKLVWRU\VWXGLHVLQWKH1RUWKZHVW)RUHVW3ODQDU Vegetation zone Study 6LOYHU¿U

240 Synthesis of Science to Inform Land Management Within the Northwest Forest Plan Area )06 regime Mapped Mapped regime Interpreted Interpreted ²0L[HG0)06 High- severity SDWFKVL]H ± high Low/ moderate/ ²² ²0L[HG,+6 ²²²0L[HG,+6 ²²²+LJK,+6 ² ² a +LJK 0)06 109 )UHTXHQF\ HDE\SRWHQWLDOYHJHWDWLRQ]RQH FRQWLQXHG return interval Rotation $JH ² ² ² ! +LJK ,+6 6FDUV  ² ² a /RZ 9)/6 VXUYH\ UHFRUGV UHFRUGV $JHVFDUV ± ² ² ² /RZ 9)/6 $JHVFDUV ± ² ±± $JHVFDUV  ² ² ² 0L[HG ,+6 $JHVFDUV  ² ² ² 0L[HG ,+6 $JHVFDUV $JHVFDUV   ² ² /RZPL[HG 9)/6 +LVWRULFDOODQG $JHFODVVIURP $JHFODVVIURP KLVWRULFDOVXUYH\ KLVWRULFDOVXUYH\ ~1900 aKD period Method ~100 ha :HVWHUQ :HVWHUQ 3UH SUH SUH Hectares Years Percent Hectares 3UH KD 3RVW :DVKLQJWRQ :DVKLQJWRQ ± ± ± ± ± Extent/time  $JHH $JHH  'LFNPDQDQG&RRN )DKQHVWRFNDQG *DU]D KD $JHHHWDOD KD )DKHQVWRFNDQG :HDYHU$JHHHWDOD 8QNQRZQ KD 6FDUV  ² ² ² 0L[HG 9)/6 $JHHHWDOD KD /HLEHUJ 6RXWKHUQ2UHJRQ $JHH%RUN KD :LOOVDQG6WXDUW 0RXQWDLQKHPORFN 7DEOH²)LUHKLVWRU\VWXGLHVLQWKH1RUWKZHVW)RUHVW3ODQDU Vegetation zone Study 6XEDOSLQH 'RXJODV¿UDQGJUDQG¿UZKLWH¿U

241 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966 )06 regime Mapped Mapped 0L[HG 0)06 regime Interpreted Interpreted ² 0L[HG )069)/6 ²/RZPL[HG9)/6 High- ~10 000 ~10 severity SDWFKVL]H ± ² /RZPL[HG 9)/6         high Low/ moderate/ c 19 19 ² ²² )UHTXHQF\ HDE\SRWHQWLDOYHJHWDWLRQ]RQH FRQWLQXHG return interval Rotation 6FDUV ± ² ² ² /RZ 9)/6 6FDUV ± ² ²  /RZPL[HG 0)06 6FDUV ± ± ² ± /RZ )06 SKRWRV LQYHQWRU\ $JHVFDUV $JHVFDUV ²$JHVFDUV  ± ² ² ± ² ² 0L[HG ² 0)06 /RZ 9)/6 $JHVFDUV ± ² ² ² /RZ )06 $JHVFDUV  /LYHVWUXFWXUH IURPKLVWRULFDO +LVWRULFDODHULDO a period Method KD KD aKD 3UH Hectares Years Percent Hectares 8QNQRZQ ± ± ± ± ± aKD aKD a± a± Extent/time ±KD       :HVW 8QNQRZQ $JH ² ² ²  /RZ 9)/6 :HDYHU 8QNQRZQ 6FDUV ± ² ² ² /RZ 9)/6 6RHULDDWPDGMD +HVVEXUJHWDO :ULJKWDQG$JHH %DNHU KD 9DQ1RUPDQ KD %URZQHWDO KD 6WXDUWDQG6DOD]DU 7D\ORUDQG6NLQQHU (YHUHWWHWDO ±KD 7D\ORUDQG6NLQQHU 3RQGHURVDSLQH 7DEOH²)LUHKLVWRU\VWXGLHVLQWKH1RUWKZHVW)RUHVW3ODQDU Vegetation zone Study

242 Synthesis of Science to Inform Land Management Within the Northwest Forest Plan Area regime Mapped Mapped regime Interpreted Interpreted ² /RZPL[HG 9)/6 ² /RZPL[HG 9)/6 High- severity SDWFKVL]H HUWHPSHUDWXUHDQGOLJKWLQJIUHTXHQF\DQGIROORZWKH      high Low/ \IUHTXHQW±PL[HGVHYHULW\DQG9)/6LVYHU\IUHTXHQW±ORZ LQZKLFK¿UHIUHTXHQF\ZDVQRWDYDLODEOHZHFRQVLGHUHG¿UH moderate/

c  ² ²² )UHTXHQF\ HDE\SRWHQWLDOYHJHWDWLRQ]RQH FRQWLQXHG return interval Rotation $JH ² ² ²  /RZ 9)/6 6FDUV ± ² ² ² /RZ 9)/6 LQYHQWRU\ DHULDOSKRWRV /LYHVWUXFWXUH IURPKLVWRULFDO IURPKLVWRULFDO VDUHSUHGLFWHGIURPFRPELQDWLRQVRIVXPPHUSUHFLSLWDWLRQVXPP VHYHULW\,+6LVLQIUHTXHQW±KLJKVHYHULW\0)06LVPRGHUDWHO Z \HDUVPL[HGWR\HDUVKLJK!\HDUV ,QFDVHV period Method ~100 ha Hectares Years Percent Hectares 3UH 3UH ± a± /LYHVWUXFWXUH aKD Extent/time  %DNHU KD %RUN +HVVEXUJHWDO 0RUURZ KD 6WHZDUWQRWHG¿UHVRYHUD\HDUSHULRG 5RWDWLRQIRUKLJKVHYHULW\RQO\ (VWLPDWHGDWDKD DF VFDOH ,QWHUSUHWHGUHJLPHVDUHFODVVL¿HGRQ¿UHIUHTXHQF\FODVVHVOR URWDWLRQDQGWKHSHUFHQWDJHRIKLJKVHYHULW\¿UH0DSSHGUHJLPH 7DEOH²)LUHKLVWRU\VWXGLHVLQWKH1RUWKZHVW)RUHVW3ODQDU Vegetation zone Study ² 1RYDOXHLQFHOO a b c d IRXUFODVVUHJLPHVXVHGLQWKLVFKDSWHU)06LVIUHTXHQW±PL[HG VHYHULW\KD DF

243 GENERAL TECHNICAL REPORT PNW-GTR-966

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244