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Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns Second Edition
handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 1 Handbook for Nonviolent Campaigns Second Edition Published by War Resisters’ International Second Edition June 2014 ISBN 978-0-903517-28-7 Except where otherwise noted, this work is licensed under Attribution-Non-Commercial-Share Alike 2.0 UK: England & Wales. See http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-sa/2.0/uk/) 1 handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 2 2 handbook_2014.qxp 17/06/2014 19:40 Page 3 CREDITS The process of writing this Handbook was a collective effort, with people from across the world (more than 20 countries) contributing their time, skills, knowledge and resources. The first edition was translated into 10 languages. The second edition was expanded on by a range of writers and contributors. All of the content and translations are available for free online at http://wri-irg.org/pubs/NonviolenceHandbook Coordinator: Andrew Dey Editorial Committee: Javier Gárate, Subhash Kattel, Christine Schweitzer and Joanne Sheehan Editorial consultant: Mitzi Bales Layout: Contributors to both editions of the handbook include: Ahmadullah Archiwal, Eric Bachman, Roberta Bacic, Jagat Basnet, April Carter, Janet Cherry, Jungmin Choi, Howard Clark, Jake Coleman, Lavinia Crossley, Jagat Deuja, Denise Drake, Hilal Demir, Luke Finn, Abraham Gebreyesus Mehreteab, Dan Glass, Symon Hill, Ruth Hiller, Ippy, Yeo Jeewoo, Jørgen Johansen, Sian Jones, Randy Kehler, Adele Kirsten, Boro Kitanoski, Hans Lammerant, Cattis Laska, Tali Lerner, Benard Lisamadi Agona, Dieter Lünse, Brian Martin, Jason MacLeod, Shannon McManimon, Rosa Moiwend, Michael Randle, Andrew Rigby, Vicki Rovere, Chesterfield Samba, Ruben Dario Santamaria, Vivien Sharples, Martin Smedjeback, Majken Sorensen, Andreas Speck, Jill Sternberg, Roel Stynen, Miles Tanhira, Katja Tempel, Cecil Barbeito Thonon, Ferda Ûlker, Sahar Vardi, Stellan Vinthagen, Steve Whiting, Dorie Wilsnack. -
Chapter 4: Tactics That Support Tax Resisters
Tactics that Support CHAPTER 4 Tax Resisters The heart of any tax resistance campaign is the resisters themselves. A successful campaign does what it can to encourage, support, and sustain these resisters and to facilitate their resis- tance. This chapter discusses some of the techniques campaigns have relied on for this. Tactics in this category can also be opportunities for people who are sympathetic to the campaign, but who are nonetheless unable to resist paying taxes themselves. People who can- not resist the tax directly can help support those who can and do. form mutual insurance pacts People will be more willing to risk the wrath of the government in a tax resistance campaign if they know that the weight of that wrath will not fall wholly on them. One way your campaign can provide this sort of reassurance is to form a mutual insurance plan, so that if the govern- ment takes legal action against a resister, or retaliates against them in some other way, that resister won’t have to bear these consequences alone. DUBLIN WATER CHARGE STRIKE. For example, during the 1994–96 water charge strike in Dublin—a mass refusal to pay new government fees, ostensibly for water and other utilities, that the resisters felt were a regressive “double tax” on households—the government tried to defeat the campaign by harshly targeting a few individual resisters in the hopes that this would discourage the rest. One strike leader noted: 99 Tactics of Successful Tax Resistance Campaigns 23 The campaign immediately took a decision that when any individual was summonsed to court, we would turn up and contest every case—and that we would turn up in force... -
Pacifist Activists: Christian Peacemakers in Palestine 1995-2014
Pacifist Activists: Christian Peacemakers in Palestine 1995-2014 A dissertation submitted to the Graduate School of the University of Cincinnati in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy in the Department of Political Science Of the College of Arts and Sciences by Marlaina A. Leppert-Wahl M.A. University of Cincinnati August 2001 M.A. The George Washington University February 1990 Committee Chair: Laura Jenkins, Ph.D. Abstract Inspired by the nonviolence work of Gandhi and Martin Luther King, Jr., civilian peacemakers have spent three decades developing third-party nonviolent intervention as a method for preventing the escalation of violence in conflict zones. “[T]hird-party nonviolent intervention…is a collection of tactics and methods used to support, rather than direct, social change work in intense conflict situations” (Boothe and Smithey 2007, 39-40). Scholars and practitioners of nonviolent resistance have shown growing interest in this model. Christian Peacemaker Teams has employed third-party nonviolent intervention methods in Israel/Palestine for 20 years in an effort to reduce and ultimately transform the violence and oppression of the Occupation. The work of this faith-based, non-profit organization is of interest not only in this field, but also to ecumenical scholars and religious leaders exploring interfaith efforts to promote peace and to like-minded nongovernmental organizations (NGOs). This dissertation presents a qualitative case study of Christian Peacemaker Teams (CPT). This study tests the hypothesis that Christian Peacemaker Teams in the West Bank has effectively developed nonviolent institutions, skills, and training for intervention in the conflict between Israelis and Palestinians. -
Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries
Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries Véronique Dudouet www.berghof-handbook.net 1 1. Introduction 2 2. Definitions and Scope of Analysis 3 2.1 Nonviolence as Resistance to Violence in all its Forms 3 2.2 Nonviolence as Contentious and Direct Action 4 3. Theoretical and Empirical Developments since 1945 6 3.1 Conceptual Developments: Principled and Pragmatic Nonviolence 6 3.2 Developments in Practice: The Rise of People Power 8 4. Nonviolent Resistance as a Strategy to Redress Structural Asymmetry 13 4.1 A Strategy for Self-empowerment 13 4.2 Winning Over the Opponent 15 4.3 Leverage Through Third-party Advocacy 17 5. Constructive Confrontation as a Basis for Reconciliation and Peacebuilding 18 5.1 A Self-limiting Conflict Strategy Conducive to a Cooperative Future 18 5.2 A Constructive Programme Leading to Democratic Practices 20 6. Conclusion 20 7. References 22 © Berghof Research Center for Constructive Conflict Management – First launch September 2008 Véronique Dudouet Nonviolent Resistance and Conflict Transformation in Power Asymmetries Véronique Dudouet 1. Introduction “The practice of violence, like all action, changes the world, but the most probable change is to a more violent world” (Arendt 1969, 80). The history of the 20th century is full of examples which demonstrate that violent resistance against unjust power systems, dictators or external occupation is likely to generate further violence (as seen, for example, in the Russian and Chinese revolutions or decolonisation wars in Africa and Asia). But it has also been characterized by many powerful nonviolent struggles. Some of these are widely known (e.g. -
Throwing Down the Gauntlet and Other Tax Season News
April/May 2017 34 Years of Resistance Throwing Down the Gauntlet Raising the Stakes: War Tax and Other Tax Season News Resistance and hat an exciting time to be promoting war tax resistance,” says Ginny Sch- Community Monthly Visits to neider of the Maine War Tax Resistance “W NWTRCC website, Survival in Resource Center in her organizing report (p. 7). Her 2016–2017 words capture this tax season well. The January Troubled Times 2017 inauguration of the most unpopular president lease plan to meet war tax re- in U.S. history coincided with the beginning of tax sisters May 5-7 in St. Louis for a season. Since then inquiries from individuals, weekend of workshops, reports, groups, and journalists have outpaced anything P brainstorming and strategizing for we’ve seen in years. the times ahead. It’s been a busy tax The period just before the 2003 invasion of season, so there will be lots to report Iraq was a busy, with interest focused on war. and discuss. With new interest and In the last couple months the NWTRCC office and campaigns sprouting up around the consultants have been fielding requests for infor- country, this weekend will be impor- mation and support for tax resistance to protest the tant for setting out plans for the border wall, the travel ban, any cut-off of sanctuary coming year. Plus, we’ll have a special cities by the federal government, and from those program featuring the 2017 Collective wanting to refuse to pay until Trump releases quotes from various articles about tax resistance and Redirection to Black, Brown, and his taxes or is impeached or forced to resign. -
The IRS and Tax Protest Evangelism Ray Walden University of Nebraska College of Law, [email protected]
Nebraska Law Review Volume 61 | Issue 4 Article 6 1982 Render unto Uncle Sam That Which Is Uncle Sam's: The IRS and Tax Protest Evangelism Ray Walden University of Nebraska College of Law, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr Recommended Citation Ray Walden, Render unto Uncle Sam That Which Is Uncle Sam's: The IRS and Tax Protest Evangelism, 61 Neb. L. Rev. (1982) Available at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/nlr/vol61/iss4/6 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law, College of at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Nebraska Law Review by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. Comment Render Unto Uncle Sam That Which is Uncle Sam's: The IRS and Tax Protest Evangelism I. INTRODUCTION April 15 is a day of triumph for the American system. It is the day each year by which the vast majority of United States taxpay- ers will have discharged their common duty to finance their gov- ernment,1 reaffirming Alexis de Tocqueville's observation that every American feels a personal interest in obeying the law.2 April 15 is the day the system works; it is the day when Americans vol- untarily assess their own income, calculate their tax liability, and send in what they owe. Such a Pollyannish view is supported by much evidence. For example, in 1979 Americans reported about 93 per cent of their re- portable legal income,3 and paid some $251.5 billion in individual income taxes.4 This was despite the fact that the Internal Revenue 1. -
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JESUS OF NAZARETH ILLEGAL-TAX PROTESTER By Ned Netterville And Other Contributors ACCORDING TO THE GOSPEL OF LUKE JESUS FORBADE PAYING TAXES “Then the entire assembly rose as a body and brought Jesus before Pilate. They began to accuse him saying, ‘We found this man perverting our nation, forbidding us to pay taxes to the emperor.’”–Luke Ch. 23, ver. 1 ISBN: (pending future revisions) Full text available free of charge. Go to: www.jesus-on-taxes.com. VALUE:$18.00 USA / $18.00 CAN / £9.00 Net UK WHY READ JESUS OF NAZARETH, ILLEGAL-TAX PROTESTER? FOR A REFRESHING, INSIGHTFUL VIEW OF JESUS AS A MAN OF IMPECCABLE CHARACTER AND INTEGRITY Did Pontius Pilate execute Jesus for teaching his followers that taxes violate God’s commandment, “Thou shall not steal?” At the time Jesus was executed the number of his disciples was increasing daily as he worked miracles of healing among the people of Galilee and Judea. Tax collectors had abandoned their duties to follow him. Some of his disciples, endeavoring to live in accordance with the principles Jesus taught, may have begun resisting Caesar’s tax. The principles of righteous living Jesus preached and practiced precluded participating in Rome’s taxation scheme, whether as collector, taxpayer or beneficiary. Those principles endure. # # # # # In addition to being governor, Pontius Pilate was the Roman prefect or procurator of taxes for Judea, a position somewhat analogous to a District Director of the Internal Revenue Service here in the United States today. He obviously dare not tolerate anyone preaching anti-tax rhetoric within his jurisdiction, lest he lose his vaunted position and perhaps even lose his head. -
Conscientious Objectors in the Context of Canadian Peace Movements
Conscientious Objectors in the Context of Canadian Peace Movements Thomas Socknat, University of Toronto Canada has a long, rich pacifist tradition rooted in sectarian non-resistance and liberal Protestantism. It was this religious pacifist presence in Canadian society and its support for conscientious objection that laid a firm foundation for a broader peace movement and remains to this day its core of support. In fact, conscientious objectors have been the very backbone of the peace movement, especially in times of war when they often have been the only ones actively challenging the state. At first limited to a few pacifist religious groups, by the Second World War the right to conscientious objection was extended to all those with a pacifist conscience once alternative service was accepted as a legitimate exemption from military service. In effect, the Canadian State recognized the pacifist alternative – a remarkable tribute to the prominent role played by conscientious objectors in the movement for peace and the non-violent resolution of conflict.1 The meaning of the term “conscientious objector”, however, has also changed. Generally it has been synonymous with those who, for reasons of conscience, refuse to participate in the military and certainly that has been its principle meaning in Canadian history. But in the course of the twentieth century, and especially after the Second World War, its use broadened to include anyone, men and women, who objected to any support for war, whether it was refusing to serve in the military or refusing to pay taxes.2 As well the composition of the peace movement broadened during this time to include a wide variety of groups and individuals with various motivations, especially as the movement was increasingly politicized, but its most prominent supporters over the years consistently remained religious groups that not only strove towards common political goals but were sustained by higher, spiritual values. -
War Tax Refusal: Some Code Problems William Louis Tabac
CORE Metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk Provided by Cleveland-Marshall College of Law Cleveland State University EngagedScholarship@CSU Cleveland State Law Review Law Journals 1971 War Tax Refusal: Some Code Problems William Louis Tabac Follow this and additional works at: https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev Part of the Tax Law Commons How does access to this work benefit oy u? Let us know! Recommended Citation William Louis Tabac, War Tax Refusal: Some Code Problems, 20 Clev. St. L. Rev. 215 (1971) available at https://engagedscholarship.csuohio.edu/clevstlrev/vol20/iss2/3 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Law Journals at EngagedScholarship@CSU. It has been accepted for inclusion in Cleveland State Law Review by an authorized editor of EngagedScholarship@CSU. For more information, please contact [email protected]. War Tax Refusal: Some Code Problems William Louis Tabac* A FTER SEVERAL YEARS OF REFUSING to pay his poll taxes to the Com- monwealth of Massachusetts as a protest against the Mexican War, Thoreau was arrested and confined for a night to the jail in Concord. A friend, probably Emerson, paid Thoreau's delinquent taxes and got him released the next day. That concluded Thoreau's famous act of con- science. The paradigm of civil disobedience, as one writer has called it,' had a profound effect on Thoreau and many who have since considered his classic, Civil Disobedience; but it had absolutely no effect upon those who waged the Mexican War. By comparison, Ghandi's experience with tax refusal was significantly different. -
To War in the Technological Age - Conscientious Objection and the World Peace Tax Fund Act
DePaul Law Review Volume 31 Issue 3 Spring 1982 Article 2 Saying "No" to War in the Technological Age - Conscientious Objection and the World Peace Tax Fund Act Charles R. DiSalvo Follow this and additional works at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review Recommended Citation Charles R. DiSalvo, Saying "No" to War in the Technological Age - Conscientious Objection and the World Peace Tax Fund Act, 31 DePaul L. Rev. 497 (1982) Available at: https://via.library.depaul.edu/law-review/vol31/iss3/2 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the College of Law at Via Sapientiae. It has been accepted for inclusion in DePaul Law Review by an authorized editor of Via Sapientiae. For more information, please contact [email protected]. SAYING "NO" TO WAR IN THE TECHNOLOGICAL AGE -CONSCIENTIOUS OBJECTION AND THE WORLD PEACE TAX FUND ACT t Charles R. DiSalvo* In 313 A.D., a dramatic change took place in the Roman world: Con- stantine became the first Christian to rule the Roman empire. With the ascension of this warrior to the Emperor's throne, the early Church's centuries-old fidelity to pacifism came to a sudden end. Christianity and militarism, once polar opposites, became handmaidens of the new state.' Since the time of Constantine, governments have viewed pacifists as a minority to be enslaved in work camps, inducted forcibly into armed ser- vice, employed in menial alternative jobs, or simply ignored. The survival of pacificism evidences the movement's dedication to the idea of a witness to peace. One form that witness has taken, and continues to take, is religious resistance to war taxation. -
Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act: Becoming Conscious of the Need to Accommodate Conscience
The Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act: Becoming Conscious of the Need to Accommodate Conscience COLLEEN M. GARRITY* The government exempts conscientious objectorsfrom military service to ensure that these individuals are not compelled to violate their beliefs through participation in war. However, to many conscientious objectors using their tax dollars tofund war is as morally reprehensibleas compelling them to participate in war. This is particularlytrue given that technology and equipment, purchased with tax dollars, are the primary resources used to fight wars in the modern world Despite conscientious objectors' deeply held beliefs, paying taxes is an inescapablepart of American life. This Note advocates the Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act as a constitutionaland practicallyfeasible solution to this problem. The Act would create a mechanism through which conscientious objectors' tax dollars would be allocatedto fund only non-militaryprograms. Section II of the Note provides a brief history of conscientious objection in America and describes the ways in which these beliefs have been accommodated over time. Section III explains the current state of conscientious objection and war tax resistance. Section IV sets forth the details of the proposed Religious Freedom Peace Tax Fund Act. Section V demonstrates that the Act is a constitutionallypermissible accommodation under the FirstAmendment. Section VI addresses several of the primary criticisms advanced by the Act's opponents. Finally, Section VII presents the practicalitiesassociated with implementation of the Act. I. INTRODUCTION Conscientious objectors to tax, unlike other tax protestors, generally accept the legal legitimacy of the income tax. I However, they contest the moral legitimacy of allocating a portion of the income tax to military expenses and argue that requiring them to pay these taxes violates their freedoms.