it 1 Illu strated. FRIDAY, FEBRUARY 25th, 1S98.

Oar Citizen cArm y. III.

By CALLUM BEG.

Photo, Pavce i t Bard. Catfora, SERGEANT, WEST KENT YEOMANRY, 1837, 278 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Feb. 25th, 1898.

HE past year of Jubilee has done much to bring Our T Citizen Army into close touch with the Regular Forces. During the time of rejoicing in the Capital all branches of the Service were to be seen marching together, living together, and, when off duty, fraternising freely. Nor did this happy state of comradeship exist only among our troops at home. Greater Britain was not behind the Mother Country in patriotism. From efrery part of the globe Colonial volunteers and men of the permanent forces willingly came to do honour to the Queen. These, too, were welcomed by civilians and soldiers alike, and formed strong links in the chain of universal brotherhood which binds us to our Colonies. In 1897 the nation learned more of those who are ready to defend its rights than it could have done at any previous period. Indeed, one could learn much as to the appearance of different regiments, both at that time and in the past, by viewing the pageant as it passed on its way to St. Paul’s. The occasion was one that invited a retrospect— a comparison between our troops of to-day and those that marched under the British flag in 1837. Even during the reign of Queen Victoria every branch of the Service has undergone innumer­ able changes. It is, perhaps, in the matter of dress that these are most apparent to the civilian, in so far as a gay uniform has stronger attractions for the majority than dry statistics or TROOPER, DRILL ORDER, WEST KENT YEOMANRY, IS97. voluminous military history. The events of last year are still fresh in the memory of all. The first illustration is, therefore, one that may well instead of being attached to the belt of the rider as in 1837, demand some share of our attention. If less serviceable, the is fastened to the saddle. This, in itself, has a military uniform is more picturesque than that of the present day. significance. If the hussar parts company with his charger, The old coatee somewhat resembles the uniform of the modern he is deprived both of his sword and carbine, which is carried lancer, though the scales or epaulettes— a useful protection to in a bucket 011 the off side of the horse. Unless his sword the shoulders—have long vanished into oblivion. The horse- were drawn when he was unhorsed, the dismounted cavalry­ man would probably be conveyed to the lines of the enemy. During the reign of William IV., the Chislehurst troop, Taised by the late Earl Sydney, formed an escort to His Majesty when lie visited Iiromley. O11 this occasion a royal postillion was overtaken by illness, whereupon a trooper promptly volunteered to fill his place. King William was pleased to accept the mail’s services, and the royal carriage pro­ ceeded with its two postillions— one in uniform and the other in the royal livery. The regiment was originally equipped as light dragoons, but the uniform at present, as shown in the illustrations, is blue with scarlet facings and busby bag. The plume is red and white. Within the last few years it has twice taken part in the manoeuvres in the South-Eastern District. With the Royal East Kent the regiment forms the Kent Yeomanry Brigade. The Queen’s Own Worcestershire Hussars form, with the Shropshiie Yeomanry, the 5th Brigade, with headquarters at Worcester. Last year the regiment made an important change in the mode of its annual training. Instead of taking up billets as in previous years, the hussars spent the time under canvas. Each man groomed and fed his horse and cleaned his kit and, in short, performed all the duties falling to the lot of a cavalry soldier in camp. No doubt this system is more productive of efficiency than that usually resorted to, and, ill the case of the regiment in question, was attended with excellent results. The camp was pitched in Witley Park, the seat of the Earl of Dudley, who is a major in the Worcester­ shire Hussars. The first illustration shows a squadron drawn up in review order in front of the palatial building. The

Photo. Payne & Bard. Catfotd SERGEANT, DRILL ORDER, WEST KENT YEOMANRY, l i l t . furniture, as well as the head-dress, are more ornamental than those now sanctioned by regulation, and the carbine is carried in what appears to be a somewhat uncomfortable position. A picture 0:1 this page represents a sergeant of the same period, dismounted, in drill order. The cap will hardly bear com­ parison with that of the present day, and the sabre is a much more clumsy weapon. The two other illustrations depict the West Kent yeoman as he is now equipped. The uniform is Photo*. Payne & Bard. Cstford. similar to that of an hussar. As may be noticed, the sword. TROOPER, REVIEW ORDER, WEST KENT YEOMANRY, 1897. Feb. 25th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

second depicts another parading outside the temporary stable in a more serviceable attire, before proceeding to drill. The juniolO officer is in the act of inspecting the ranks before reporting to the officer in command. In the third is seen the mode of watering horses in camp. The water is conveyed from the stream to the trough by means of an hydraulic engine on the left of the picture. The last photograph of two non-commissioned officers and two troopers shows how closely the uniform resembles that of the

Photo. Mclsaac & Riddle. Oban, ASCENDING BEN NEVIS. hussars of the regular Army. It is blue, with facings, busby bag, and plume of scarlet. The Hertfordshire forms with the Suffolk Yeomanry the 7th Yeomanry Brigade, with headquarters at St. Albans. It is partly recruited in London, and took part in the Lord M ayor’s Show o f 1896. A s m ay be seen from the illustration, the uniform is similar to that of dragoons or dragoon guards. It is scarlet with white facings, and the plume is black. Sergeant-Major Parrott is the central figure of the group. He is one of the oldest— if not the oldest—yeomen in the Service. He joined in 1842, and has been forty-five years efficient. The trumpeter, on the other hand, must be one of the youngest in the Yeomanry. He enlisted in the Hertford­ shire Regiment in 1895, at the age of thirteen. Four of the group, including the two non-commissioned officers 011 either side of the mounted men, are wearing the old stable jacket which by a recent order has ceased to be worn in the regular cavalry. The commanding officer is the Earl of Clarendon.-< The Staffordshire Yeomanry—The Queen’s Own Royal Regiment—was formed in 1794, when a sum of over £ 8,000 was subscribed towards it by the inhabitants of the county. The original articles of the corps are interesting, as showing the conditions on which the patriots of Staffordshire offered “SHOULD AULD ACQUAINTANCE BE FORGOT." themselves for service.

■ 4 R fet*£l

Photos, from a Volunteer Officer. INSPECTION, SCOTTISH BORDER BRIGADE. 280 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Feb. 25th, 1898.

SQUADRON WORCESTERSHIRE HUSSARS (REVIEW ORDER).

l u i

SQUADRON WORCESTERSHIRE HUSSARS {DRILL ORDER).

WATERING HORSES, WORCESTERSHIRE HUSSARS. w«r*«t«f. Feb. 25th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 281 SERGEANT-MAJOR, WORCESTERSHIRE HUSSARS. [Feb. 25th, 1898. 282 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

All pay received from Government was to be divided equally among the corps, and all pay allowed to officers was to be put “ into one general Stock Purse.” The document stated that in this way “ the daily allowance to every person serving in the ranks will be augmented considerably beyond the pay allowed by Government to Light Dragoons, and ...... persons enrolling themselves will not be liable to any other expense than the maintenance of themselves and their horses during the few hours they are called together for exercise.” The regiment at first consisted of five troops, but after­ wards six troops were added, and in 1819 the strength of the corps was 838 of all ranks. The first commanding officer was Earl Gower, and the present commanding officer is the Duke of Sutherland. The first illustration represents the Wolver­ hampton troop on parade. The uniform, which is blue, is similar to that worn by hussars. The facings and busby bag are scarlet, and the plume white. The Staffordshire Yeomanry>

Photo. Bennett & Sons. Worcester. NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS AND MEN , WORCESTERSHIRE HUSSARS.

with the Warwickshire, forms the 8th Yeomanry Brigade, with headquarters at Lichfield. The West Somerset, with the North Somerset Yeomanry, forms the 4th Brigade, with headquarters at Taunton. The total strength is 250 of all ranks, divided into three squadrons. Viscount Porlman is honorary colonel, and the regiment is commanded by Lieutenaut-Colouel F. W. Forester. The uniform, of hussar pattern, is blue with scarlet facings. Red is the colour of the busby bag, and white that of the plume. As observed in a former number, scouting forms an important part of the duties of yeomanry. A reference to our illustrations will show that the yeomen of West Somerset are instructed theoretically in a somewhat novel and interest­ ing way. Tapes of various breadths are used to represent roads and rivers. Other objects 011 a table depict build­ ings, woods, trees, etc., and miniature horsemen guided by the instructor take the place of scouts. By means of such an excellent system the troopers become thoroughly conversant with their duties in the field. The Duke of Lancaster’s Own Yeomanry Cavalry has its headquarters at Worsley. The honorary colonel is the Earl of Ellesmere, aud the commanding officer Colonel C. M. Royds. The uniform is scarlet with blue facings. The plume of the head-dress is white. This regiment, linked with the Westmoreland and Cumberland Yeomanry, constitutes the Photo. Draycott. Walsall. u *a OFFICER, WORCESTERSHIRE HUSSARS. 14th Brigade.

GROUP, HERTFORDSHIRE YEOMANRY. Feb. 25th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

HE ist Volunteer T Battalion Cameron Highlanders has its head­ quarters at Inverness. It is clothed in much the same way as the regular battalions to which it is attached, except as regards the facings, which are buff instead of blue. The photograph shows “ E ” Company (Fort William) as­ cending Ben Nevis, under Lieutenant J. Cameron, on the 22nd June, 1897. The parade was held in honour of Her Majesty’s Jubilee. On reaching the summit of the highest mountain in Great Britain the troops fired a feu dejoie. The road by which the Photo. Whitlock Bros. Wolverhampton. ascent was made is zigzag in OFFICERS, 1 st VOLUNTEER BATTALION WARWICKSHIRE REGIMENT. form, and the photograph was taken as the men were rounding one of the angles. A piper The battalion is commanded by Colonel Macdonald, and is is a necessary adjunct to every Highland company; one 950 strong. appears in the picture leading on his comrades. Strange as it Another distinguished Scottish corps is the ist Roxburgh may seem to the Southerner, the mere fact of climbing does and Selkirk, popularly known as the Border Rifles. The not necessitate any cessation in the music. regiment has its home on the Border, with headquarters at This particular company is recruited and quartered in Newtown St. Boswells. That there are veterans in the ranks the Cameron or Locliiel country, where in 1793 the 79th cannot be doubted. The three seen in the first photograph are Cameron Highlanders were raised by Cameron of Erracht. Ouartermaster-Sergeant Turnbull on the right, Band-Sergeant Gray in the centre, and Private Robson 011 the left; all three are in possession of the long service medal. The picture is specially interesting as show­ ing the old blue bonnet, formerly the undress cap of the Border Rifles. Last year two teams of the battalion were respectively first and second in the competition for the Minto Cup, presented by the Earl of Minto, command­ ing the Scottish Border Vo lu n ­ teer Brigade. The teams consisted of an officer, a sergeant, and fourteen rank and file. They 111 arched eleven miles and at the conclusion fired a succession of volleys at various distances. There were nineteen teams in all, five of which were furnished by the Border Rifles. Not­ withstanding the intense heat, not one man of the battalion Phot . from a Volunteer Office. OFFICERS, 1st VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE KING'S OWN. fell out. It m ay be m entioned that the corps instituted com­ petitions in vo lley firin g thirty- years ago. In 1867 the Border Rifles acted as bodyguard to Her Majesty when she visited the Border. The commanding officeris SirR. W aldie Griffith, and the corps is 963 strong, only seven of whom are non­ efficient. It forms part of the Scottish Border Infantry Brigade, consisting of six battalions. The following photograph depicts the brigade marching past when in camp at Minto. The brigadier, the Earl of Miiito, is riding a white Arab He has taken up his position on the right of the inspecting officer after having marched past at the head of his brigade. The ist Volunteer Battalion Warwickshire Regi­ ment had its origin in Bir­ mingham in 1859, when seventy gentlemen were enrolled before the Lord Lieutenant. That the Volunteer movement found favour in Lambert Weston. Warwickshire from the outset PERMANENT STAFF, ist VOLUNTEER BATTALION THE BUFFS. may be inferred from the fact 284 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED [Feb. 25th, 1898.

that before the end of i860 twelve companies had been raised. The first uniform adopted was grey with green facings, but in 1863 a uniform sim ilar to that of the 60th Rifles was chosen, and is still worn. The battalion was present at the Review held in Hyde Park in 1864, and again in 1866. On both occasions its smart appearance called forth the appreciation of the Press. The foundation stone of the present palatial headquarters in Birmingham was laid in 1881. The building was erected at a cost of ^16,000, and claims to be the most com m odious headquarters LONDON ENGINEERS ERECTING STOCKADE. in Great Britain. The drill hall is 220-ft. long and 90-ft. wide. Besides regimental offices, there are a company mess-room, officers’ mess and ante-room, sergeants’ mess, canteen, lecture-rooms, band- rooms, and dressing-rooms. In 1889 Viscount Wolseley visited Birmingham to distribute the prizes of the year to the battalion. On this occasion the report of the general officer commanding the district was read, and stated that in the ist Volunteer Battalion Warwickshire Regiment things were done throughout in a workman­ like manner. The following year the battalion had the honour of finding the Queen’s Prizem an — Sergeant Hates, MAKING GABIONS AND FASCINES. who had long been knoVvn as a first-class shot. The War Office, after frequent applica­ tion, granted in 1891 per­ mission to augment the battalion by four companies. The authorities proposed that four of the existing companies should be detached to form a second battalion. This sug­ gestion was not well received in Birmingham, and in the end it was arranged that the corps should be divided into two battalions for drill, etc., with separate adjutants and staff, but that it should con­ tinue to be regarded as one battalion officially. This ar­ rangement has worked well, and the strength of the corps is now sixteen companies. DIGGING A SHELTER TRENCH. In 1892 the regim ent en camped on Cove Plateau, Aldershot, 1,486 strong, and in 1894 w ith the South Midland Brigade at Great Yarmouth. Under the new system it is now customary to train in brigade. The regiment was one of the first to form an ambulance corps, and has also signalling aud cycling detachments. The commanding officer is Colonel W. S. Jervis, who saw service in the Mutiny at Delhi and Lucknow . The ist Volunteer Battalion East Kent Regiment (The Buffs), with headquarters at Canterbury, is the oldest body of volunteers in Kent, and was form ed in 1859. It Photos. Bard. Catford. now consists of ten companies, DRAWING STORES FOR BRIDGE BUILDING. stationed at different places Feb. 25th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. 285

throughout the county. The corps is com­ manded by Colonel E. W. Knocker, C.B., V.D. The former distinction was conferred on that officer last year, in recognition of thirty-eight years spent in the cause of volunteering. Under his command the regiment has reached a high state of efficiency. When encamped at Lydd, the ist Volunteer Battalion East Kent Regiment was highly complimented by Sir William Butler, commanding the South-Eastern District, on its splendid appearance and efficiency. The strength of the battalion is between goo and 1,000 men. T h e uniform is green with i carlet facings. No branch of the Service is more useful in the time of war than the Royal Engineers. On them depend, to a large extent, the building of bridges and throwing up of earth­ works. The four illustrations of the London Engineers serve to show how advanced our volunteer corps are in their military duties. In the first picture the men are shown constructing a portion of a stockade. To make this a number of planks are placed together and secured above and below by OFFICERS, 2nd YORKSHIRE ROYAl. ENGINEERS (VOLUNTEERS). ribands. A trench is excavated, in which the lower part of the planks is placed, and it is then filled again. Another trench is dug in front, in which various obstacles are placed, and the earth is utilised to strengthen the structure. It will be noticed that every third plank is a short one; this admits of rifles being brought into action. Head cover can be obtained by means of sand bags. Stockades can be made of another pattern by cutting loopholes in the logs. To save interior space in a field­ work, and for other reasons, earth is often built up at a steeper slope than it could stand of itself. To insure this a revetment or wall is constructed. Revetments are made of various materials, sand bags, gabions, fascines, etc. The gabion is manu­ factured, as may be seen in COMBINATION FLOATING AND FRAME BRIDGE. the second picture, by placing

Photos. Garratt. SUSPENSION BRIDGE. THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. fFeb. 25th, 18SJ8.

a number of stakes in the ground and working “ withies” of pliable brushwood round them until seme 3ft. of basket work is finished. These are then placed at the required slope and filled with earth. A fascine is a long brush­ wood faggot. It is put together in a “ cradle,” composed of stakes crossed as shown on the right of the second picture. A revetment of fascines is made by placing one row above another and pegging them together by means of pickets. In the third illustration a shelter trench is shown in OFFICERS, 1st VOLUNTEER BATTALION ROYAL FUSILIERS. course of construction. The fourth picture represents a scene of daily occur­ interesting. The first bridge is made by combining two rence before the work of the day is commenced A Service different methods. The right half is supported by floating waggon is attending at the stores to draw the necessary piers made of barrels, the left half maintained by means materials for the building of a bridge. The headquarters of the of frames or trestles touching the bottom of the stream, and London Engineers are at Islington, and the uniform is similar securely fastened together. The number of men standing on to that worn by the Royal Engineers of the regular Service. the bridge proves it to be no ornament but a useful structure. The work performed by the 2nd Yorkshire Engineers, The bridge in the background of the next picture is a of which there are two illustrations, is, if anything, more single sling bridge combined with trestles. As before, the latter rest on the bed of the stream. That in the foreground is a cable suspension bridge of 139-ft. span. There are 11 o piers between the banks. The structure, as its name implies, is suspendedby cables. Though apparently very flexible, it is capable of bear­ ing infantry in file, or field guns passed over by hand. Bridges of the same pattern were used in the Chitral Campaign. These bridges were built in ten hours— a most credit­ able performance. The Photoi. McKeniie. Alice Street, London. headquarters of the corps are ISt VOLUNTEER BATTALION ROYAL FUSILIERS AWAITING ORDERS. at Leeds.

Copyright.——Hud*on Bt Keerne.

C O M P A N Y , 2nd VOLUNTEER BATTALION DEVONSHIRE REGIMENT. Feb. 25th, 1898.j THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

Photo. Whitlock Bros. Wolverhampton. COLONEL HON. F. C. BRIDGEMAN, COMMANDING STAFFORDSHIRE BRIGADE.

OLONEL HON. F. C. BRIDGEMAN, whose photograph King’s Own (Royal Lancaster Regiment; was taken when the C appears 011 this page, is brigadier of the Staffordshire corps was in camp. The central figure is Colonel Strongitliarm. Brigade. He was formerly in the Scots Guards. From the commanding officer On his left is that distinguished 1875 to 1876 he acted as aide-de-camp to General H.S.H. Prince soldier Sir Baker Russell, formerly in command of the North- Edward of Saxe-Weimar, and two years later was attached to Western District. The officer on the right of the Colonel is the special mission to Spain. He afterwards served in the Major-General Eccles, commanding the Northern Counties’ Suakin Expedition, was present at Hasheen and Tamai, and Brigade. He took part in the Crimean Campaign, 1854-55, wears the medal and Khedive’s star. and was present at Alma, Inkerman, and Sebastopol. He On another page will be found the staff of the East York­ wears the medal with three clasps and Turkish medal. shire Brigade. The central figure is the brigadier, Colonel On the right of Sir Baker is Colonel Cargill, formerly brigade- Legard, formerly of the Royal Artillery. He served in the Zulu major. The uniform of the 1st Volunteer Battalion Lancaster Campaign, and was acting Deputy Assistant Quartermaster- Regiment is scarlet with blue facings, similar to the Line General of the 1st Division. On his left is Major-General battalions. The well-knowu badges, the lion and rose, are Thynue, C.B., commanding the North-Eastern District, who is easily observable on the officers’ caps. well-known among volunteers as a strong advocate of Brigade The 1st Volunteer Battalion Royal Fusiliers traces its Camps. origin to a company raised at the Working Men’s College, The photograph of the 1st Volunteer Battalion the and known as the 19th Middlesex. To this were added two 288 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Feb. 25th, 1898.

more companies, the whole tinder command of Captain Hughes, Q.C. T h e headquarters "were afterwards moved to Queen Square, and the strength of the corps was soon raised to ten companies. Lieutenant- Colonel Bathurst, of the Coldstream Guards, became commanding officer of the new battalion in i860, and was followed in M arch, 1864. by Major Hughes. The latter is perhaps better known to the public as the author of that charming book,“ Tom Brown’s Schooldays,” than as a mili­ tary officer. That such a man was a popular command­ ing officer is no matter for surprise, and when he resigned the command five years later, he was gazetted honorary colonel of the battalion. The OFFICERS, 2nd VOLUNTEER BATTALION NORTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT. first uniform was grey, and the regiment then formed part of the well-known Grey the Royal Fusiliers (City of London Regiment). It then Brigade, to which the Queen’s Westminster, Inns of Court, assumed the uniform of that regiment and the busby as a and London Scottish belonged. I11 1878 a scarlet uniform head-dress. The corps has from an early date turned out in was adopted. force for manoeuvres and camps of exercise. The shooting The headquarters were removed in 1863 to the Apollonican of the battalion has always been satisfactory. Once at least Hall, St. Martin’s Lane, and again in 1871 to Fitzroy Square. it was first on the list of all corps in the Home District— a The battalion parade is the playground of University College decidedly enviable honour. Like the majority of regiments School, Gower Street. in London, it has good cycling and ambulance detachments. I11 1883 the corps became the ist Volunteer Battalion of One of our illustrations represents the men of the battalion taking part in a field-day. Such a scene is common when outposts are being practised. To the picquets fall all the primary work of delaying the enemy. Supports are therefore not required to come into action till ordered, and are placed at convenient places in rear of the picquet line. While still remaining alert, ready to advance or make a stand when required, the men are allowed to pile arms and lie down, reserving their strength till the crucial moment arrives. The officers are always vigilant, as the)' here appear, looking for sig­ nals from the front, but with the exception of the sentry 011 duty the men are allowed to take their ease. One of the smartest batta­ lions in the Plymouth Brigade OFFICERS, ist VOI UNTEF.R RATT U.ION SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT. is the 2nd Volunteer Battalion

Wolverhampton. OFFICERS, 8rd VOLUNTEER BATTALION SOUTH STAFFORDSHIRE REGIMENT. Feb. 25th, 18U8.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. R'JKby- RUGBY SCHOOL RIFLE CORPS. 290 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Feb. 25th, 1898.

“ C " C O M P A N Y , HARROW CADETS.

Devon Regiment, with headquarters at Plymouth. There are on another page. This officer was formerly m the Royal ten companies, one of which is com­ Marine Light Infantry, and now manded by H.R.H. Prince Alfred of commands the Plymouth Volunteer E dinburgh. Infantry Brigade. He served in the The appearance of the mounted China Expedition of 1857-58, including company reflects great credit on the che blockade o f the Canton River, the corps, especially when we consider landing before, storming and capture that the photograph was taken after of the city. He was wounded at the a week’s marching through the attack on the forts at Peilio, 25th June, county. The officer in command is 1859. In i860 he served w ith the Lieutenant Woollcombe. The men Chinese Coolie Corps, took part in the are armed with revolvers as well as expedition to the North, and was pre­ rifles. The latter are carried slung sent atSinlio, the storming of Tangku over the right and the cartridge-belt and of Taku Forts. For his services over the left shoulder. The cyclists, he received the medal with three who are only second in importance to clasps. General Heriot has always been counted infantry, are drawn up on a popular officer and a keen soldier. the left. The uniform is green with The 2nd Volunteer Battalion of scarlet facings. VOLLEY FIRING— PRESENT! the North Stafforshire Regiment has The photograph of Major-General Mackay Heriot appears its headquarters at Buriou-on-Trent. The corps, which consists of eight companies, was formerly known as the 5th Stafford­ shire. Like the ist and 3rd Battalions South Staffordshire Regiment, it forms part of the Staffordshire Brigade. The uniform is scarlet and the facings blue. The nucleus of the ist Volunteer Battalion South Staffordshire Regi­ m ent was form ed (about 1859, in the early days of independent companies), in the shape of the Handsworth Com­ pany of Rifle Volunteers. This, it is said, was the first company of volunteers to be raised in the Mid­ lands. The late Mr. Henry Elwell was the first captain, Sir Francis Scott the lieutenant, and Mr. Richard Mole the ensign. The headquarters were at the Bowling Alley, New Inn, Handsworth. The uniform was grey with green facings and brown belts. This was found by members, who were also obliged to provide their own rifles and side-arms. A11 administrative batta­ lion was soon formed from this and other companies, and the battalion claims the distinction of being the first battalion in the Midlands to train in camp. As early as 1865 it encamped in Sandwell Park, the seat of the late Earl of Dartmouth. That RUGBY CADETS ON THE MARCH. nobleman was captain of the Patshull Company, and gave a site for one of the best shooting ranges in the district at Sandwell. Since 1865 the battalion has encamped regularly at Aldershot, Strensall, Cannock Chase, Lowestoft, and other places. The corps has always occupied an honour­ able place in the musketry returns. There is 110 lack of recruits. In­ deed, the battalion could be increased in strength if such increase were sanctioned by the War Office. A bout 1876 the uniform was changed to scarlet with white facings, aud the men are to-day similarly clothed to the regular battalions of the same regiment. The headquarters are BEDFORD CADETS BEFORE THE BATTLE. Berkhampsted. at Handsworth, near Birmingham. Feb. 25th, 1898.-) THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED.

The 3rd Volunteer Battalion South Stafford­ shire Regiment was formed from the old 5th Corps of Staffordshire Rifle Volunteers, raised in i860, and w as com posed o f tw elve com panies. These were afterwards known as the 4th Stafford­ shire Rifle Volunteers until 1881, when the corps received its present title. The battalion has since 1879 trained annually in cam p, and represented the county at the Royal Review at Aldershot last year. It forms part of the Staffordshire Volunteer Infantry Brigade, for which it furnishes a Brigade Bearer Company (sixty-four of all ranks), fully equipped, and ready to take the field on the shortest notice. The strength of the battalion is 1,173, of which 110 fewer than 820 encamped at Aldershot last year. This speaks volumes for the esprit de corps of the battalion. The honorary colonel is S. S. Tudor, V.D., and the commanding officer J. B. Morgan, V.D. The uniform is scarlet with blue facings. On the last page but one the encampment of the Staffordshire Brigade at Lowestoft may be seen. The way in which the “ lines ” are laid out speaks for the training of the brigade, and it would be hard to find a more regularly planned camp than the one in the Photo. Elliott 8c Try. Baker Street. picture referred to. COLONEL LEGARD AND OFFICERS , EAST YORKSHIRE BRIGADE. During the early days of volunteering a battalion which was fortunate enough to form a camp in simultaneously. Under these circumstances, however zealous summer was usually dependent on its own resources. Seldom the volunteer might have been, his knowledge of things did more than one corps encamp on the same ground military was confined to the routine of regimental life: He returned to his calling in civil life without having learned m uch o f the “ gam e o f w ar.” With such a small force as a battalion it is practically impossible for one to learn anything of the developments of the battle-field. Of late years the War Office has been fully alive to the importance of bringing together for manoeuvres as great a num­ ber of battalions as may bs ably handled by one compe­ tent brigadier. The outcome of modern military ideas is the excel­ lent brigade system now enjoyed by the volunteer force at large. Seldom, if ever, are corps now permitted to form regi­ mental camps. Manoeuvres 011 a large scale are “ the order the day.” To dwell on the advantages of the new as compared with the old NON-COMMISSIONED OFFICERS, DUKE OF LANCASTER'S OWN YEOMANRY. system would be idle. By associating with other corps a battalion gains in efficiency, and becomes familiar with the movement of large bodies in the field. When, too, the volunteers are quartered and exercised with their brethren of the Line, the increased advantage is obvious. Every year Aider- shot is the scene of mimic warfare 011 a gigantic scale, in which our citizen soldiers take the field and play no unimportant part. It is to be hoped that this year the authorities will see their way to arrange for the mobilisa­ tion of an adequate force of volunteers on Salisbury Plain, in addition to Regular and Militia troops. The recent purchase by Government of so large a tract of land in Wiltshire cannot fail to prove of inestimable value in future years. The ist Cinque Ports Volunteers had their origin in a Rifle Club that flourished in the year 1852, though there Phoios. Martin. OFFICERS, DUKE OF LANCASTER'S OWN YEOMANRY. are records of a volunteer f>&2 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [F eb . 25th, 189S.

TROOP , STAFFORDSHIRE YEOMANRY . corps existing in Hastings as early as 1794, to which was The second illustration represents the occupants of a added in 1803 yet another company, The uniform as tent during the manoeuvres in the uniform now worn. depicted in the illustration of the officers iu 1857 is in strong From the bottles it would appear that the six warriors contrast to that worn at the present day It was managed by a committee and drilled with “ various kinds of fowl­ ing-pieces.” Two companies are stationed at Hastings, and the remaining six companies have their headquarters at various towns in Sussex. “ B" Company is stationed at Battle, “ C ” at Ticehurst, “ I) ” at Lewes, “ Ii ” at Rye, “ G ” at Rotlierfield, “ H ” at Ore,- and the cadets at the College, Eastbourne. There is, therefore, little opportunity for drilling in battalion. Since 1880, how­ ever, they have sent a large detachment to camp annually. I.ast year the corps took part in the manoeuvres near Worthing, when about 600 men joined in the operations. '1 he Cinque l’orts were present at the Review before the Queen and the Prince Consort in i860. Reference to the first picture will show the type of uniform worn at pnoto«. \ Wolverhampton. this period. OFFICERS, STAFFORDSHIRE YEOMANRY. have declared in favour ot non-intoxicating liquor. When in camp for the short space of a week the work is invariably hard, and dinner then becomes a much more important item than at other times. To the orderly man falls the lot of carving, or, rather, of dividing the rations equally among his comrades. The regiment is commanded by Colonel H. M. Brookfield, M.P., formerly o f the 13th Hussars, The Lords Warden of the period are said to have been honorary colonels of the old corps in 1794 and 1803. The Marquess of Salisbury, K.G., ' now honorary colonel. This position has been held by the Wardens of the Cinque Ports in succession since 1863. The uniform is grey with blue OFFICERS, 4/A MIDDLESEX. facings. Feb. 25th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED .

N a former part of “ Our I Citizen Arm y” the cadet corps of public schools were noticed at some length. They are not dependent on the annual public school field- day at Aldershot for their tactical instruction. One or two rehearsals invariably take place before the event of the year in the vicinity or within easy reach of the principal public schools. The four photographs on another page were taken during a field-day at Ashbridge, Hertfordshire, where detachments from Rugby, Harrow, Bedford, and other schools assembled. On the common adjoining the park of Earl Brownlow the troops engaged found ample opportunity for manoeuvring under active service condi­ tions In the third picture Photo, from a Volunteer Officer. the young soldiers are seen "THE DAYS THAT ARE NO MORE."

drawn up on the road before marching off to the rendezvous. That the event is regarded as interesting to the natives would seem apparent from the number of spectators who accompany troops, mounted and dismounted. Older volunteers have every reason to be proud of their younger comrades. They evince the strongest interest in the opera­ tions, and are, of course, thoroughly well disciplined. The companies as seen here have a smart and soldierly-like appearance. A company from Harrow forms the subject of the first illustration. The boys have just arrived at the appointed place, and look, with­ out exception, smart in the extreme. Au old-fashioned soldier, however, would be struck by tlie fact that the tall aud small men are mixed, and that no attempt has been made to “ size” the company. Nowadays, every company of infantry is divided' into four sections, each under a section com­ mander—a non-commissioned officer. To foster comradeship and esprit dc corps it is laid down that men of each section should as far as possible work together under their own section commander. Such an excellent system requires but little explanation. It is obvious that those who are accustomed to act together will be able to give a better account of them­ Photo. Pearson. selves than if they were continually being changed from one place in the ranks to another and placed under a different non­ commissioned officer. On that account a company about to take the field is not “ sized,” in order that the “ section system,” as it is termed, may be given full play. Doubtless a company properly sized is more “ fair to look upon,” but in the battle-field usefulness must be considered before artistic sentim ent. The last scene on the same page is one to be witnessed frequently just before forming for attack. The commanding officer, naturally anxious to husband the strength of his troops, permits them to fall out as they here appear before advancing to the attack. Meanwhile the officers are busy attending to the instruc­ tions of their chief. One of the pictures represents a “ hot corner” in the battle-field. The men are firing volleys by sections as they advance to storm the position. While Nos. 2 and 4 sections fire Nos. 1 and 3 advance to their next position. Then, under their fire, Nos. 2 and 4 advance and align them­ selves with Nos. 1 and 3. The advances may be carried out in quick time or by rushes. The mode adopted depends on the amount of cover available and on the fire of the enemy. The 4th Middlesex (West London Rifles), which was raised in 1859, was first com­ manded by Lord Truro. This corps originally Soiotyp. company. i«w.«. had its headquarters at Islington. From there COLONEL A. M. BROOKFIELD, M.P. the corps moved to South Street, Park Lane, THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Feb. 25th, 1898.

and in 1880 to Sw allow Street, Piccadilly. Neither of these places, however, were found suitable, and the battalion eventually in 1885 took up its abode in Kensington, where headquarters were built at a cost o f ^3,000. T h is sum was raised through the liberality of Colonel Lewis, the officers, and their friends, without asking the rank and file to subscribe. Colonel Lewis, who suc­ ceeded Lord Truro as com- mandingofficerin 1879, served in the Royal Marine Light Infantry, and saw active service in Japan in 1864. H e was present at Simonoseki and the capture and destruc­ tion of Japanese works from the 5 th to 8tli Septem ber o f the sam e year. In 1893 a team belonging to the corps suc­ ceeded in bringing home the Daily Telegraph Cup, com ­ peted for by eighteen Photo, from a Volunteer Officer. volunteer corps and five OFFICERS, 3rd VOLUNTEER BATTALION WELSH REGIMENT, AND GOAT. battalions of Guards. The 4th Middlesex are justly proud of their Cups to the value of 200 guineas band, which is mostly composed of old were offered for competition, and to these soldiersof the Line, and of their ambulance were added a hundred guineas as prize- and signalling sections. The uniform is money. The Royal Welsh Fusiliers have grey with scarlet facings. the privilege of marching past in review The 3rd Volunteer Battalion Welsh preceded by a goat. In order that the Fusiliers was formed in May, 1897, from newly-fonned battalion might uphold the 2nd Battalion, and was placed under the ancient tradition, the Marquess of the command of Colonel C. H. Rees, V.D., Anglesey, honorary colonel, presented it with headquarters at Carnarvon. with the animal seen in the photograph Already the new battalion has won of the officers. Several officers in this distinction in musketry. Out of forty- illustration are wearing the new mess- five battalions quartered in the North- jacket with rolled collar. Western District in 1897 it look ninth place The 3rd (Blythswood) Volunteer Bat­ in “ individual’’and fourth in “ sectional” talion Highland Light Infantry took its practices. Although individual firing has origin from six companies of Lanarkshire been encouraged to a great extent in the volunteers which in i860 became the 4th past, the modern tendency is to stimulate (Central) Administrative Battalion. In sectional volley firing. The reason is the following year the regiment became apparent to every student of tactics, for the 2nd Battalion. In 1867 Colonel the modern battle can never be won by Campbell, of Blythswood—now Lord independent riflemen, but rather by Blythswood— was appointed to the com­ bodies of men firing together under con­ mand, and held that position till he retired in 1896. In 1865 the title o f thp trol and subject to perfect fire-discipline. Photo. H»»th & Bullmgntm. Plymouth. In Septem ber, 1897, the battalion held corps was again changed to that of the MAJOR-GENERAL MACICAY HERIOT, its first annual rifle competition, which 31st Lanarkshire Volunteers. In Septem­ Commanding Plymouth Brigade. proved a great success. ber, 1873, the corps was joined by the old 5th Lanark Volunteers, known as the “ Glasgow Eastern Rifles,” and in 1877 the batta­ lion registered an enrolled strength of twelve companies. Some two and a-half years later its title was changed again, and it becam e the “ 8th Lanark.” Under the com­ mand of Colonel Campbell the battalion became very popular and efficient, and on that account the War Office sanc­ tioned the title “ Blythswood,” which it has borne ever since. The uniform was at first green. It was afterwards changed to scarlet, and in 1886 the uniform o f the H igh ­ land Light Infantry was adopted. In 1888 the corps was known by its present title. Colonel William Clarke, V.D., is now the commanding He is known as a keen soldier and supporter of the Scottish Rifle Association, of which he is a past presi­ dent. The present strength of the battalion is 940, of w hich 922 are efficient. The uniform as seen iu ourillustra- tion is decidedly picturesque, Copyright, h. & k. and is sim ilar to that worn WEST SOMERSET YEOMANRY. by the old 71st and 74th Feb. 25th, 1898.] THE NAVY AND ARMY IL L USTRA TED . CAMP CAMP OF ST A FFURDSHIRE BRIGADE— LOIVESI OFT. 296 THE NAVY AND ARMY ILLUSTRATED. [Feb. 25th, 1898.

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Photo. Lafayolto. Glasgow

O F F IC E R S , 3rd (BLYTHSWOOD) VOLUNTEER BATTALION HIGHLAND LIGHT INFANTRY.

Regiments. The old-fashioned shako is now worn only bv by Colonel Denny, and the uniform, which is somewhat two regular regiments, and by few corps of the reserve forces. similar to the Line battalion, is scarlet with yellow facings. With eight other battalions the 3rd Volunteer Battalion Its headquarters are at Helensburgh. Highland Light Infantry forms the Glasgow Brigade. Such information on the Volunteer Force as the foregoing The 1st Dumbartonshire Rifle Volunteers form a battalion should prove of especial interest in 1898, when, as most mili­ of Princess Louise's (Argyll and Sutherland Highlanders), tary critics opine, we are on the eve of important changes. although, as yet, they have not assumed the territorial title. During the coming Session of Parliament the regular Army Among the seven battalions attached to the 91st Regimental will no doubt come in for a large share of the attention of the District, this corps is the only one which is known by its old Legislature. It is, therefore, only reasonable to infer that iu title only. With six other battalions the 1st Dumbarton­ any scheme of military reform sanctioned by the authorities shire forms the Clyde Brigade, under Colonel Sir Donald our volunteer forces will play an important part. Matheson, K.C.B., a well-known officer in Scottish volunteer Step by step, in organisation and equipment, they have circles. The total strength of the battalion is 1,183, °/ which steadily but surely become more and more like professional only 16 are 11011-efficient. I11 musketry, too, it holds its own, soldiers. I11 short, Our Citizen Army lias now reached claiming 241 marksmen, 226 first-class shots, and 496 second- such a pitch of military proficiency that without it any plan class shots. The corps takes the field with qualified detach­ for the defence of Great Britain would be incomplete. Doubt­ ments of mounted infantry and cyclists. All the officers are less there are weak spots in its constitution, but one by one proficient, and about half the number ha »e qualified in tactics. these are disappearing, and there seems no reason why, under It is a remarkable fact that the 1st Dumbartonshire claims 110 wise legislation, the force should not become even a stronger fewer than nine acting chaplains. The corps is commanded factor than it at present is in the welfare of the Empire.

Photo, from » Volunteer O'ricor. O F F IC E R S , 1st DUMBARTONSHIRE RIFLES.