DOCSLIB.ORG

Parity Remains a Work in Progress for Colorado

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Parity Remains a Work in Progress for Colorado Parity Remains a Work in Progress for Colorado MARCH 2019 Despite more than two decades of efforts to bring parity to insurance coverage for behavioral health, many Coloradans are still not guaranteed benefits for substance use disorders that are comparable to coverage for physical health. Governor Jared Polis, elected in November, promised that his office would direct the Division of Insurance Three Takeaways (DOI) to strengthen enforcement of federal and state laws requiring parity in insurance coverage of mental • Colorado’s legislature and the U.S. Congress and physical health care. have passed a series of laws to require parity between behavioral health and physical Colorado has taken a series of steps to level the health coverage in the past 25 years. playing field over the last decade. • Two million insured Coloradans still do The state has increased access to behavioral health not have guaranteed access to covered through Medicaid expansion, added substance use behavioral health services, including disorder benefits to Medicaid, invested in integrating substance use disorder. physical and behavioral health in primary care • Offering comparable coverage for behavioral practices and elsewhere, and explored strategies to health services may seem simple, but parity reform the health care payment system. laws have proven to be complex and difficult to implement and enforce. Despite this progress on the state level and the passage of a federal parity law in 2008, an estimated 430,000 Coloradans aren’t getting the help they need overdose deaths, parity laws provide one possible for substance abuse, an increasingly common and way for the legislature to intervene. This report from often deadly behavioral health disorder.1 the Colorado Health Institute examines the advances and shortcomings of current parity laws and the As Colorado struggles with a record number of implications for substance use treatment. Federal and State Action on Parity Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA), the most important federal law affecting substance use treatment Parity laws require insurers to provide the same level to date, required large group health plans that of benefits for behavioral health conditions as for provide substance use and mental health treatment physical health care. These benefits might include the benefits to do so at the same level as their medical number of covered visits, deductibles, copayments, and surgical care benefits.3 It required, among and lifetime and annual limits.2 other things, that payments and visit limitations for State and federal laws to promote parity have behavioral health benefits must be comparable to evolved over time. (See Figure 1.) medical and surgical benefits. In 1996, the U.S. Congress passed the Mental Health The MHPAEA was a significant step in promoting Parity Act, which required comparable annual and parity. However, it stopped short of requiring all lifetime dollar limits for mental and physical health insurers to cover behavioral health services. care. Colorado enacted its own parity law in 1997 In 2010, the Affordable Care Act (ACA) expanded (HB 97-1192), which required group health plans to parity in two ways. First, it extended MHPAEA cover treatment for six mental illnesses, including protections to insurance plans that had not been schizophrenia and major depressive disorder, at the covered under previous laws. Second, it required same level as physical illness. It did not require health individual market and fully insured small group plans plans to cover treatment for substance use disorders. to cover substance use disorder and mental health That changed in 2007, when Gov. Bill Ritter and the services as part of the law’s essential health benefits legislature updated the law to include additional package. (See Figure 1 for a timeline of these laws.) mental illnesses, such as post traumatic stress disorder, along with drug and alcohol disorders. Even with these laws, in 2019, not all insurance plans are required to cover substance use disorder and In 2008, the federal government updated and mental health services at the same level as physical expanded its parity law. The Mental Health Parity and health. The ACA did not require Medicare or self- Figure 1. Timeline of Laws Affecting Parity in Colorado 1996 1997 2007 President Bill Clinton signed the Mental Colorado Gov. Roy Romer signed Colorado Gov. Bill Ritter signed Health Parity Act, which required large HB 97-1192 into law. This law HB 07-036 into law. This law group insurance plans to not set higher required insurance companies mandated health insurance to dollar limits for mental health services to cover six biologically based cover more behavioral health if the services were offered, but did not mental disorders. Substance use services, including drug and require them to cover the services. disorders were not included. alcohol treatment, at parity. 2008 2009 2010 President George W. Bush Ritter expanded Medicaid in The Affordable Care Act (ACA) signed Mental Health Parity and Colorado to parents with incomes extended MHPAEA requirements Addiction Equity Act (MHPAEA), at or below the federal poverty level to additional types of plans and a landmark law that expanded and very low income adults without required individual market and parity and included substance use children, increasing access to small group plans to cover mental treatment. covered behavioral health services. health and substance use services. 2013 2014 Gov. John Hickenlooper signed HB13-1266 into law to Under Hickenlooper and in the wake of the Affordable align Colorado law with federal law, requiring that Care Act, Colorado again expanded Medicaid, individual, small group, and large group plans cover increasing access to behavioral health services. mental health and substance use treatment. 2 Colorado Health Institute Parity Remains a Work in Progress for Colorado MARCH 2019 Figure 2. Parity Requirements for Mental Health and Substance Use by Insurance Plan Required to Provide Parity Laws Insurance Plan Coloradans Included Behavioral Health Services Apply Medicaid/CHP+ Yes Yes 1,143,000 Individual Yes Yes 437,000 Small Group Plans Yes Yes 383,000 Fully Insured Large Yes Yes 992,000 Group Plans Self-Funded Large No Can Opt Out 1,300,000 Group Plans Medicare No No 776,000 Source: Colorado Department of Regulatory Agencies. (2018).4 funded large group plans, in which employers There are no data that show exactly how many assume direct financial responsibility for insurance people in Colorado lack equal coverage for physical claims, to cover essential health benefits. And if self- and behavioral health care. But about two in five insured plans do cover essential health benefits, they insured Coloradans have health plans that are can still opt out of MHPAEA’s parity requirement.5 exempt from the parity requirements. (See Figure 2.) State Efforts to Expand Behavioral Colorado law requires fully insured large group plans Health Care to provide coverage for behavioral health services, but self-funded plans are regulated by the federal Colorado has taken steps beyond parity requirements government and are not mandated to cover these to help people with behavioral health conditions. services. Medicare is also excluded from Colorado’s requirement. MHPAEA, the federal parity law, does In 2014, Colorado extended Medicaid eligibility to not apply to Medicare, and self-funded employer lower-income childless adults, which brought more plans can opt out of MHPAEA requirements. than 439,000 additional people into the program.6 At the same time, Colorado expanded the substance Just about a quarter of Coloradans are covered use disorder services that Medicaid covers to include by self-funded employer sponsored insurance medication assisted treatment, peer advocate plans, according to data from the Colorado Health services, and other items. It also raised the payment Access Survey and the Colorado Insurance Industry limits on services such as counseling and drug Statistical Report.7 And an estimated 776,000 screenings. Coloradans are covered by Medicare.8 Together, this is 2 million people — or 41 percent of Another large initiative, the Colorado State the total insured population in Colorado — who are Innovation Model (SIM), is a $65 million federally not guaranteed equal benefits for behavioral and funded program to help primary care providers physical health. It is worth noting that some of those integrate behavioral health services into their people likely have insurance plans that abide by practices, including substance use disorder MHPAEA requirements. treatment. These and other efforts have expanded insurance coverage for and access to behavioral An additional 350,000 Coloradans – about 6.5 health services for many Coloradans. percent of the state’s population – do not have health insurance coverage at all.8 Parity Laws Leave Many Behind Enforcement: Spotty but Improving Still, not all Coloradans have comparable coverage for their behavioral and physical health needs. Even for a state that has been advancing parity Parity Remains a Work in Progress for Colorado Colorado Health Institute 3 for decades, implementing and enforcing parity is Figure 3. Fewer Colorado Substance Use Treatment difficult in practice. Facilities Are Accepting Self-Pay Only 40% Parity laws are complicated. Even if insurers are working to follow the law, they may have a hard time determining equivalent services or enrolling enough 20% treatment providers into their networks. 34% 23% In other cases, insurance providers may say that they 0% cover behavioral health services equivalently to physical 2007 2017 health, but they may not always follow through in n Percentage of treatment facilities accepting self-pay only practice. When this is the case, the onus falls on the person 10 needing treatment to advocate for themselves to get the Source: National Survey of Substance Abuse Treatment Services. (2017) care they need. It is hard to know how often insurers are not following parity laws without clients reporting when The DOI reviews and approves hundreds of health insurers are not covering the services they need.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • On the Road to Recovery
    On the Road to Recovery Reproductive Health Legislative, Regulatory and Political Highlights of 2008 January 9, 2009 On The Road to Recovery: Reproductive Health Legislative, Regulatory, and Political Highlights of 2008 In 2008, virtually all reproductive health debates and decisions in the legislative and policy arenas took place against the backdrop of one of the most unforgettable presidential campaigns in history – one in which voters could not have been presented with a starker choice between candidates on reproductive health policy. When the dust had settled, the country had elected a pro-choice, pro-prevention President with a strong track record of support for women’s reproductive health. The fast pace of the campaign trail stood in stark contrast to the activity on Capitol Hill. Senate Democrats, faced with a Republican minority not afraid to use the filibuster, presided over a chamber where the legislative process essentially came to a grinding halt by late summer. The Senate held the lowest number of votes since 1961 and failed to pass a single annual 2009 appropriations bill. The House was slightly more active, passing more legislation, including one appropriations bill – Military Construction – before both bodies approved a stopgap funding measure in September to keep the government operating through March 6, 2009. In unveiling the continuing resolution, House Appropriations Chair David Obey (D-WI) declared the fight over for the year and stated the obvious: “If McCain wins, we get Bush’s budget; if Obama wins, we get the Budget Committee budget.” Although Congress postponed most policy decisions until the 111th Congress convenes, including those affecting reproductive health, the outgoing Bush Administration took no such holiday.
    [Show full text]
  • BILL RITTER, JR. Governor COLORADO Boards And
    BILL RITTER, JR. Governor COLORADO Boards and Commissions Terms Expiring January 1, 2009 – December 31, 2009 STATE OF COLORADO EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS 136 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203 - 1792 Phone (303) 866-2471 ____________________ Bill Ritter, Jr. Governor Greetings: As Governor of the great State of Colorado, it is my pleasure to introduce you to the 2009 Colorado Boards and Commissions book. Within the following pages, you will find descriptions of the many state boards and commissions on which Colorado citizens have the opportunity to serve this year. These boards, of which there are almost 300, help determine the direction of our state’s future. From healthcare to air quality, transportation to the arts, there are a wide variety of boards for those who wish to serve our state. Our state is envied for its beauty, and our people are admired for the diligence and can-do attitude we inherited from our pioneer predecessors. The people who serve on Colorado’s boards and commissions exemplify this frontier spirit, and they possess additional qualities of leadership and a desire to give back to this state. I hope you will continue this tradition of public service by rolling up your sleeves and applying to serve on one of the many boards or commissions inside this book. Through your dedication and hard work, we will ensure that Colorado remains the best state in the nation. You will find an application to serve on any of our boards and commissions at the end of this book, or you can download a copy online at www.colorado/governor/boards-commissions.html.
    [Show full text]
  • Denver Neighborhood
    Government of the People Michael Henry, chair of the INC Zoning and Planning Committee, received permission to share the following with INC members. The Washington Park Profile always gives good coverage to neighborhood organization activities. In the June editorial “It’s Only a Gov- ernment of the People If the People Decide to Help Govern,” the publisher of the Profile, Paul Kashmann, expresses appreciation for the work that neighborhood groups and indi- vidual neighbors do to improve our communities: “As I took my afternoon constitutional around Washington Park (the greenspace, not the neighborhood) this past Memorial Day afternoon, I was struck once again by what a marvelous community it is that we choose to call home. The semi-urban, central, south-central, and near southeast neighborhoods that make July up The Profile’s coverage area really are wonderful places in which to live. Our streets 2006 are lined with sturdy, well-maintained homes and mature landscaping. Our parks and rec- reation facilities – from soccer fields to golf courses, recreation centers to swimming pools – are some of the finest in an impressive city inventory… While much has changed over the last century-plus, one thing has not. We are still www. hanging on to one very appealing piece of turf. This is a great place to raise a family. Or neighborhoodlink. to just raise a ruckus if that be your preference. com/denver/inc And how did it happen that with all the commotion of the past few decades, that south Denver has not only survived, but actually prospered in a major way? It would be my opinion that it didn’t just happen – it was guided.
    [Show full text]
  • The Supreme Court of the State of Colorado
    Opinions of the Colorado Supreme Court are available to the public and can be accessed through the Court’s homepage at http://www.courts.state.co.us. Opinions are also posted on the Colorado Bar Association homepage at http://www.cobar.org. ADVANCE SHEET HEADNOTE June 1, 2015 2015 CO 41 No. 12SC671, Colorado Medical Society v. Hickenlooper—Executive Powers and Functions—Standing To receive Medicare reimbursement, hospitals and other medical service providers must require certified registered nurse anesthetists (“CRNAs”) who administer anesthesia to do so under physician supervision. However, states may opt out of this requirement if the governor submits a letter to the relevant federal agencies attesting that the opt-out is in the best interest of the state’s citizens and is consistent with state law. In 2010, then-Governor Bill Ritter, Jr. sent such an opt-out letter, which attested that Colorado law permits CRNAs to administer anesthesia unsupervised. Today we hold that the Governor’s attestation to the federal agencies that Colorado law permits CRNAs to administer anesthesia without supervision is not a generally binding interpretation of Colorado law that is subject to de novo review. Instead, the attestation’s sole effect is to exempt certain Colorado hospitals from the federal physician supervision requirement. This decision, if reviewable at all, is reviewable only for a gross abuse of discretion. Because the petitioners do not allege that such a gross abuse occurred here, we affirm the decision of the court of appeals affirming dismissal of the petitioners’ claims. 2015 CO 41 Supreme Court Case No. 12SC671 Certiorari to the Colorado Court of Appeals Court of Appeals Case No.
    [Show full text]
  • Denver Area Post-World War Ii Suburbs
    Report No. CDOT-2011- 6 Final Report DENVER AREA POST-WORLD WAR II SUBURBS Bunyak Research Associates Front Range Research Associates, Inc. April 2011 COLORADO DEPARTMENT OF TRANSPORTATION APPLIED RESEARCH AND INNOVATION BRANCH The contents of this report reflect the views of the author(s), who is(are) responsible for the facts and accuracy of the data presented herein. The contents do not necessarily reflect the official views of the Colorado Department of Transportation or the Federal Highway Administration. This report does not constitute a standard, specification, or regulation. Technical Report Documentation Page 1. Report No. 2. Government Accession No. 3. Recipient's Catalog No. CDOT-2011-6 4. Title and Subtitle 5. Report Date DENVER AREA POST-WORLD WAR II SUBURBS February 2011 6. Performing Organization Code 7. Author(s) 8. Performing Organization Report No. Dawn Bunyak, Thomas H. and R. Laurie Simmons CDOT-2011-6 9. Performing Organization Name and Address 10. Work Unit No. (TRAIS) Bunyak Research Associates 10628 W. Roxbury Ave. 11. Contract or Grant No. 34.72 Littleton, CO 80127 Front Range Research Associates, Inc. 3635 W. 46th Ave. Denver, CO 80211 12. Sponsoring Agency Name and Address 13. Type of Report and Period Covered Colorado Department of Transportation - Research Final 4201 E. Arkansas Ave. Denver, CO 80222 14. Sponsoring Agency Code Also funded in part by a grant from the Colorado Historical Society 15. Supplementary Notes Prepared in cooperation with the US Department of Transportation, Federal Highway Administration 16. Abstract Historic Residential Subdivisions of Metropolitan Denver, 1940-1965, documents the development of mid-century suburbs in CDOT Region 6.
    [Show full text]
  • The Report of Governor Bill Owens'
    The Report of Governor Bill Owens’ COLUMBINE REVIEW COMMISSION Hon. William H. Erickson, Chairman MAY 2001 STATE OF COLORADO Bill Owens May 2001 Governor Dear Fellow Coloradan, On April 20, 1999, two students at Columbine High School southwest of Denver murdered 12 fellow students and one teacher in the worst school shooting in U.S. history. The Columbine tragedy forever changed the way Americans think about the potential for violence in our schools. No one can erase the horror of that day, or restore the losses suffered by the victims and their families. Yet only by learning from Columbine can we hope to prevent similar tragedies in the future. On January 28, 2000, I signed an executive order creating the Columbine Review Commission, to conduct an inde- pendent review of the tragedy that occurred on April 20, 1999. I appointed the distinguished William H. Erickson, former Chief Justice of the Colorado Supreme Court, to chair the commission. The commission’s volunteer members spent over a year conducting public hearings and examining thousands of pages of documents before compiling their findings and recommendations. The full report follows. The report is also posted on the state’s website at: http://www.state.co.us. To the members of the commission I extend a heartfelt thanks for the many hours devoted to this difficult task. They have provided a great public service, and we are deeply grateful. Sincerely, Bill Owens Governor of Colorado T HE G OVERNOR’ S C OLUMBINE R EVIEW C OMMISSION Commission members pictured here are: 3rd row: Stephen D.
    [Show full text]
  • BILL RITTER, JR. Governor COLORADO Boards And
    BILL RITTER, JR. Governor Terms Expiring January 1, 2010 – December 31, 2010 EXECUTIVE CHAMBERS 136 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203 - 1792 Phone (303) 866-2471 Greetings: As Governor of the great State of Colorado, it is my pleasure to introduce you to the 2010 Colorado Boards and Commissions book. Within the following pages, you will find descriptions of the many state boards and commissions on which Colorado citizens have the opportunity to serve this year. These boards, of which there are almost 300, help determine the direction of our state’s future. From healthcare to air quality, transportation to the arts, there are a wide variety of boards for those who wish to serve our state. Our state is envied for its beauty, and our people are admired for the diligence and can-do attitude we inherited from our pioneer predecessors. The people who serve on Colorado’s boards and commissions exemplify this frontier spirit, and they possess additional qualities of leadership and a desire to give back to this state. I hope you will continue this tradition of public service by rolling up your sleeves and applying to serve on one of the many boards or commissions inside this book. Through your dedication and hard work, we will ensure that Colorado remains the best state in the nation. You will find an application to serve on any of our boards and commissions at the end of this book, or you can download a copy online at www.colorado.gov/governor/boards-commissions.html. On behalf of the State of Colorado, thank you for your willingness to lead our state into the 21st century.
    [Show full text]
  • Download Data and Make Calls, That Gives Each One of These Smart Phones That We All Have the Electricity Footprint of a Refrigerator
    Intelligence Squared U.S. - 1 - 7/8/2014 Clean energy can drive America’s economic recovery This debate was made possible in part by energyNOW!, a weekly television news magazine dedicated to America's energy and climate challenges and solutions. energyNOW! airs on Bloomberg TV or online at www.energynow.com For the Motion: Bill Ritter, Kassia Yanosek Against the Motion: Robert Bryce, Steven Hayward Moderator: John Donvan AUDIENCE RESULTS Before the debate: After the debate: 46% FOR 43% FOR 21% AGAINST 47% AGAINST 33% UNDECIDED 10% UNDECIDED WASHINGTON DC VIEWING PARTY RESULTS Before the debate: After the debate: 52% FOR 46% FOR 14% AGAINST 23% AGAINST 34% UNDECIDED 31% UNDECIDED Start Time: (18:47:48) John Donvan: True or false: Clean energy can drive America’s economic recovery. Well, let’s have it out. This is a debate from Intelligence Squared U.S. I’m John Donvan of ABC News. We are at the Skirball Center for the Performing Arts at New York University where we have two teams of debaters, two against two. They include a governor and investor in green energy, a thinker on green energy, and a writer on the topic. They will be trying to change your minds because this is a debate. It is not a seminar or a panel discussion. It is a contest, a contest of ideas and logic and well-presented arguments. In this case, you, our live audience, are our judges. By the time the debate has ended, you will have been asked to vote twice, once before the debate and once again at the end of the debate.
    [Show full text]
  • Governor Bill Ritter COLORADO Boards and Commissions
    Governor Bill Ritter COLORADO Boards and Commissions Terms Expiring January 1, 2007 – December 31, 2007 TABLE OF CONTENTS General Information i List of department contact numbers for further information about specific Boards and Commissions i Index ii-v Boards and Commissions, chronological listing 1-39 Appendix 2003 Congressional Districts Map 40 Colorado Agriculture Districts Map 41 Colorado Wildlife Districts Map 41 Regional Emergency & Trauma Advisory Councils Map 42 Boards and Commissions Application 43 GLOSSARY OF TERMS * …………….….Denotes a term expiring on date listed ** ………………Denotes a 2006 appointment not confirmed by the Senate POG …………...Member’s term expires at the pleasure of the Governor VACANCY .…...Member’s term has expired and a vacancy exists The Office of Boards and Commissions Shaylisa Hurte Director Amanda Belles Deputy Director The Office of Boards and Commissions 136 State Capitol Denver, Colorado 80203 (303) 866-6380 (303) 866-6368 fax BOARDS AND COMMISSIONS General Information This book contains information about Colorado Boards and Commissions with vacancies occurring between January 1, 2007 and December 31, 2007, listed chronologically. To assure full consideration of your application for a Board or Commission appointment, it is important to take the following steps: Fill out the application at the back of the book completely. Attach a current resume to your application. Mail the above information to: The Honorable Bill Ritter Governor, State of Colorado Attention: Shaylisa Hurte, Director, Boards and Commissions 136 State Capitol Denver, CO 80203-1792 Or fax the above information to (303) 866-6368 This information is also available on the Governor’s website: http://www.colorado.gov/governor/boards-commission.html Please call the Governor’s Office of Boards and Commissions if you have any questions: (303) 866-6380 .
    [Show full text]
  • Colorado Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice 2009 Annual
    Colorado Commission on Criminal and Peter A. Weir, Chair Juvenile Justice David S. Kaplan, Vice‐Chair Karen L. Beye Dean J. Conder Rhonda C. Fields Regis F. Groff Peter G. Hautzinger Regina M. Huerter William C. Kilpatrick Reo N. Leslie, Jr. Claire Levy Gil Martinez David L. Michaud Inta B. Morris John P. Morse Donald S. Quick Tom Quinn Ellen Roberts J. Grayson Robinson Mark Scheffel Steven R. Siegel Jeanne Smith John Suthers Douglas K. Wilson Aristedes W. Zavaras Debra L. Zwirn Annual Report July 2009 Colorado Commission on Criminal and Juvenile Justice 2009 Annual Report Report to the Governor, the Speaker of the House of Representatives, the President of the Senate, and the Chief Justice of the State Supreme Court, pursuant to C.R.S. 16‐11.3‐103(5) July 2009 Prepared By: Office of Research and Statistics Kim English, Research Director Division of Criminal Justice Jeanne Smith, Director Department of Public Safety Peter A. Weir, Executive Director 700 Kipling Street, Suite 1000 Denver, Colorado 80215 Telephone: (303) 239‐4442 Fax: (303) 239‐4491 http://cdpsweb.state.co.us/cccjj July 2009 Letter from Commission Chair Peter Weir I am pleased to present the Commission’s second annual report pursuant to C.R.S. 16‐11.3‐101(2). As is reflected by the contents of this report, members of the Commission, its task forces, and committees have spent countless hours studying evidence‐based strategies to enhance public safety, reduce victimization, and ensure the most cost‐effective use of limited resources. The Commission benefits from the multidisciplinary expertise of its many participants as it seeks to fulfill its many mandates.
    [Show full text]
  • A Baseline Examination of Political Bloggers
    Florida State University Libraries Electronic Theses, Treatises and Dissertations The Graduate School 2006 A Baseline Examination of Political Bloggers: Who They Are, Their Views on the Blogosphere and Their Influence in Agenda-Setting via the Two-Step Flow Hypothesis Michael S. Tomaszeski Follow this and additional works at the FSU Digital Library. For more information, please contact [email protected] THE FLORIDA STATE UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF COMMUNICATION A BASELINE EXAMINATION OF POLITICAL BLOGGERS: WHO THEY ARE, THEIR VIEWS ON THE BLOGOSPHERE AND THEIR INFLUENCE IN AGENDA-SETTING VIA THE TWO-STEP FLOW HYPOTHESIS By MICHAEL S. TOMASZESKI A Thesis submitted to the Department of Communication in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Master of Arts Degree Awarded: Fall Semester, 2006 The members of the Committee approve the thesis of Michael S. Tomaszeski defended on November 3, 2006. Steven McClung Professor Directing Thesis Jay D. Rayburn Committee Member Jennifer M. Proffitt Committee Member Approved: Stephen D. McDowell, Chair, Department of Communication John K. Mayo, Dean, College of Communication The Office of Graduate Studies has verified and approved the above named committee members. ii ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS This thesis has been the intellectual challenge and learning experience I was looking for when I decided to return to graduate school. The following pages would not have been possible but for the tremendous amount of guidance, support and patience from my graduate committee. Dr. W. Gerry Gilmer took my fractured text, turned it into flowing prose, and through instruction and example showed me how to do the same. Dr. Jennifer M. Proffitt taught me several communications theories, guided me through academic research, and answered every citation question I had.
    [Show full text]
  • Salazar's Behalf Said That the First-Term Senator Sources: Salazar Interviewed for the Position Last Week and Is All but Certain to Be Appointed to Obama's Cabinet
    http://www.denverpost.com/fdcp?1231537726147 denver and the west Democratic sources who asked not to be named because they were not authorized to speak on Salazar's behalf said that the first-term senator Sources: Salazar interviewed for the position last week and is all but certain to be appointed to Obama's Cabinet. accepts Interior post Speaking to the media in Chicago on Monday, Obama said he would name the interior secretary later this week. By Christopher N. Osher and Karen E. Crummy Salazar's pending selection was revealed on the The Denver Post same day Denver Public Schools Superintendent Michael Bennet learned that he would not be offered Posted: 12/16/2008 12:30:00 AM MST the job of education secretary. Also Updated: 12/16/2008 12:32:22 PM MST Senate Seat Discuss who you think Gov. Ritter should name to replace Ken Salazar in the U.S. Senate. Monday, sources close to Denver Mayor John Hickenlooper said he is among several candidates to be transportation secretary in the Obama administration. Salazar met with members of Obama's transition team in Chicago at the end of last week to discuss a possible appointment to the Interior Department post, sources close to the transition team said. The position has not been formally offered, but no other candidates are known to be undergoing the Barack Obama leads a get-out-the-vote Rally for Colorado 7th Congression requisite background checks, and multiple sources candidate Ed Perlmutter in Aurora in October, 2006. U.S. Sen. Ken Salazar (THE DENVER POST | KATHRYN OSLER) said Salazar has signaled his willingness to give up his Senate seat for the job.
    [Show full text]