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Pu'u Wa'awa'a Biological Assessment
PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A BIOLOGICAL ASSESSMENT PU‘U WA‘AWA‘A, NORTH KONA, HAWAII Prepared by: Jon G. Giffin Forestry & Wildlife Manager August 2003 STATE OF HAWAII DEPARTMENT OF LAND AND NATURAL RESOURCES DIVISION OF FORESTRY AND WILDLIFE TABLE OF CONTENTS TITLE PAGE ................................................................................................................................. i TABLE OF CONTENTS ............................................................................................................. ii GENERAL SETTING...................................................................................................................1 Introduction..........................................................................................................................1 Land Use Practices...............................................................................................................1 Geology..................................................................................................................................3 Lava Flows............................................................................................................................5 Lava Tubes ...........................................................................................................................5 Cinder Cones ........................................................................................................................7 Soils .......................................................................................................................................9 -
Improving Bisexual Lures for the Silver Y Moth Autographa Gamma L
Acta Phytopathologica et Entomologica Hungarica 54 (1), pp. 137–146 (2019) DOI: 10.1556/038.54.2019.012 Improving Bisexual Lures for the Silver Y Moth Autographa gamma L. and Related Plusiinae ( Lepidoptera: Noctuidae) M. TÓTH1*, P. LANDOLT2, I. SZARUKÁN3, A. NAGY3 and J. K. JÓSVAI1 1Plant Protection Institute, CAR HAS, Budapest, P. O. Box. 102, H-1525, Hungary 2USDA, ARS, 5230 Konnowac Pass Rd., Wapato, WA98951 USA Retired 3Faculty of the Agricultural and Food Sciences and Environmental Management, Institute of Plant Protection, University of Debrecen, Debrecen, P. O. Box 400, H-4002, Hungary (Received: 19 December 2018; accepted: 14 January 2019) The addition of synthetic eugenol and benzyl acetate to the known floral chemical and moth attractant phenylacetaldehyde synergized attraction of the silver Y moth Autographa gamma, an important noctuid pest. Traps baited with the ternary blend caught 2 to 6 times more A. gamma moths than traps baited with phenylac- etaldehyde alone. Both female and male moths were attracted, supposedly in the natural sex ratio of the local population. More A. gamma were caught when the blend was formulated in dispenser types with higher release rates. Traps baited with the ternary lure in polyethylene bag dispensers caught 20% to 34% as many moths as were caught in traps baited with synthetic sex pheromone, suggesting that this improved bisexual lure could be efficient enough to yield a new tool for detection and monitoring of female and male A. gamma, for more reliable plant protection decisions. The same ternary lure also improved trap catches of moths over phenylacetaldehyde alone for the plusiinae pests MacDunnoughia confusa (in Europe) and Autographa californica (in North America) and for the Noctuinae cutworm Xestia c-nigrum (in North America). -
Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note
Lepidoptera Recorded for Imperial County California Compiled by Jeffrey Caldwell [email protected] 1-925-949-8696 Note: BMNA = Butterflies and Moths of North America web site MPG = Moth Photographers Group web site Most are from the Essig Museum’s California Moth Specimens Database web site Arctiidae. Tiger and Lichen Moths. Apantesis proxima (Notarctia proxima). Mexican Tiger Moth. 8181 [BMNA] Ectypia clio (clio). Clio Tiger Moth. 8249 Estigmene acrea (acrea). Salt Marsh Moth. 8131 Euchaetes zella. 8232 Autostichidae (Deoclonidae). Oegoconia novimundi. Four-spotted Yellowneck Moth. 1134 (Oegoconia quadripuncta mis-applied) Bucculatricidae. Ribbed Cocoon-maker Moths. Bucculatrix enceliae. Brittlebrush Moth. 0546 Cossidae. Goat Moths, Carpenterworm Moths, and Leopard Moths. Comadia henrici. 2679 Givira mucida. 2660 Hypopta palmata. 2656 Prionoxystus robiniae (mixtus). Carpenterworm or Locust Borer. 2693 Depressariidae. Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 [MPG] Ethmiidae. Now assigned to Depressariidae. Ethmiinae. Ethmia timberlakei. 0984 Pseudethmia protuberans. 1008 Gelechiidae. Twirler Moths. Aristotelia adceanotha. 1726 [Sighting 1019513 BMNA] Chionodes abdominella. 2054 Chionodes dentella. 2071 Chionodes fructuaria. 2078 Chionodes kincaidella. 2086 (reared from Atriplex acanthocarpa in Texas) Chionodes oecus. 2086.2 Chionodes sistrella. 2116 Chionodes xanthophilella. 2125 Faculta inaequalis. Palo Verde Webworm. 2206 Friseria cockerelli. Mesquite Webworm. 1916 Gelechia desiliens. 1938 Isophrictis sabulella. 1701 Keiferia lycopersicella. Tomato Pinworm. 2047 Pectinophora gossypiella. Pink Bollworm. 2261 Prolita puertella. 1895 Prolita veledae. 1903 Geometridae. Inchworm Moths, Loopers, Geometers, or Measuring Worms. Archirhoe neomexicana. 7295 Chesiadodes coniferaria. 6535 Chlorochlamys appellaria. 7073 Cyclophora nanaria. Dwarf Tawny Wave. W 7140 Dichorda illustraria. 7055 Dichordophora phoenix. Phoenix Emerald. 7057 Digrammia colorata. Creosote Moth. 6381 Digrammia irrorata (rubricata). 6395 Digrammia pictipennata. 6372 Digrammia puertata. -
Check List of Noctuid Moths (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae And
Бiологiчний вiсник МДПУ імені Богдана Хмельницького 6 (2), стор. 87–97, 2016 Biological Bulletin of Bogdan Chmelnitskiy Melitopol State Pedagogical University, 6 (2), pp. 87–97, 2016 ARTICLE UDC 595.786 CHECK LIST OF NOCTUID MOTHS (LEPIDOPTERA: NOCTUIDAE AND EREBIDAE EXCLUDING LYMANTRIINAE AND ARCTIINAE) FROM THE SAUR MOUNTAINS (EAST KAZAKHSTAN AND NORTH-EAST CHINA) A.V. Volynkin1, 2, S.V. Titov3, M. Černila4 1 Altai State University, South Siberian Botanical Garden, Lenina pr. 61, Barnaul, 656049, Russia. E-mail: [email protected] 2 Tomsk State University, Laboratory of Biodiversity and Ecology, Lenina pr. 36, 634050, Tomsk, Russia 3 The Research Centre for Environmental ‘Monitoring’, S. Toraighyrov Pavlodar State University, Lomova str. 64, KZ-140008, Pavlodar, Kazakhstan. E-mail: [email protected] 4 The Slovenian Museum of Natural History, Prešernova 20, SI-1001, Ljubljana, Slovenia. E-mail: [email protected] The paper contains data on the fauna of the Lepidoptera families Erebidae (excluding subfamilies Lymantriinae and Arctiinae) and Noctuidae of the Saur Mountains (East Kazakhstan). The check list includes 216 species. The map of collecting localities is presented. Key words: Lepidoptera, Noctuidae, Erebidae, Asia, Kazakhstan, Saur, fauna. INTRODUCTION The fauna of noctuoid moths (the families Erebidae and Noctuidae) of Kazakhstan is still poorly studied. Only the fauna of West Kazakhstan has been studied satisfactorily (Gorbunov 2011). On the faunas of other parts of the country, only fragmentary data are published (Lederer, 1853; 1855; Aibasov & Zhdanko 1982; Hacker & Peks 1990; Lehmann et al. 1998; Benedek & Bálint 2009; 2013; Korb 2013). In contrast to the West Kazakhstan, the fauna of noctuid moths of East Kazakhstan was studied inadequately. -
Biotic Potential, Fertility and Life Table of Spodoptera Albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), Under Controlled Conditions
Anais da Academia Brasileira de Ciências (2014) 86(2): 723-732 (Annals of the Brazilian Academy of Sciences) Printed version ISSN 0001-3765 / Online version ISSN 1678-2690 http://dx.doi.org/10.1590/0001-3765201402812 www.scielo.br/aabc Biotic potential, fertility and life table of Spodoptera albula (Walker) (Lepidoptera: Noctuidae), under controlled conditions DÉBORA G. MONTEZANO1, ALEXANDRE SPECHT1,2, DANIEL R. SOSA-GÓMEZ3, VÂNIA F. ROQUE-SPECHT4, TARCISO M. BORTOLIN5, EDEGAR FRONZA1, PATRÍCIA PEZZI1, PRISCILA C. LUZ1 and NEIVA M. BARROS1 1Universidade de Caxias do Sul, Caixa Postal 1352, 95070-560 Caxias do Sul, RS, Brasil 2Embrapa Cerrados, BR 020, Km 18, Caixa Postal 08223, 73310-970, Planaltina, DF, Brasil 3Embrapa Soja, Rod. Carlos João Strass - Distrito de Warta, Caixa Postal 231, 86001-970 Londrina, PR, Brasil 4Faculdade UnB Planaltina, Área Universitária n. 1, Vila Nossa Senhora de Fátima, 73300-000 Planaltina, DF, Brasil 5Gravena - Pesquisa, Consultoria e Treinamento Agrícola Ltda. Rod. Dep. Cunha Bueno (SP-253), Km 221,5, Caixa Postal 546, 14870-990 Jaboticabal, SP, Brasil Manuscript received on May 16, 2012; accepted for publication on July 30, 2013 ABSTRACT This study aimed to evaluate the biotic potential, life table parameters and fertility of Spodoptera albula (Walker, 1857) under controlled conditions (25 ± 1°C, 70 ± 10% RH and 14 hour photo phase). The longevity, pre, post and oviposition periods, fecundity and fertility of 13 couples were evaluated. The longevity of females (13.500 days) was significantly higher than those of males (11.154 days). The mean durations of the pre, post and oviposition periods were 2.615, 1.769 and 9.385 days, respectively. -
Impact of Bt Maize Pollen (MON810) on Lepidopteran Larvae Living On
Molecular Ecology (2006) 15, 2677–2685 doi: 10.1111/j.1365-294X.2006.02962.x ImpactBlackwell Publishing Ltd of Bt maize pollen (MON810) on lepidopteran larvae living on accompanying weeds ACHIM GATHMANN,* LUDGER WIROOKS,† LUDWIG A. HOTHORN,‡ DETLEF BARTSCH* and INGOLF SCHUPHAN* *Aachen University, Institute of Environmental Research, Chair of Ecology, Ecotoxicology and Ecochemistry, Worringerweg 1, 52062 Aachen, †Steinkaulstr. 46, 52070 Aachen, ‡University of Hanover, Unit Biostatistics, Herrenhaeuser Str. 2, D-30419 Hanover, Germany Abstract Environmental risks of Bt maize, particularly pollen drift from Bt maize, were assessed for nontarget lepidopteran larvae in maize field margins. In our experimental approach, we carried out 3-year field trials on 6 ha total. Three treatments were used in a randomized block design with eight replications resulting in 24 plots: (i) near-isogenic control variety without insecticide (control), (ii) near-isogenic control variety with chemical insecticide (Baytroid) and (iii) Bt maize expressing the recombinant toxin. We established a weed strip (20 × 1 m) in every plot consisting of a Chenopodium album (goosefoot)/Sinapis alba (mustard) mixture. In these strips we measured diversity and abundance of lepidopteran larvae during maize bloom and pollen shed. C. album hosted five species but all in very low densities; therefore data were not suitable for statistical analysis. S. alba hosted nine species in total. Most abundant were Plutella xylostella and Pieris rapae. For these species no differences were detected between the Bt treatment and the control, but the chemical insecticide treatment reduced larval abundance significantly. Conclusions regarding experimental methodology and results are discussed in regard to environmental risk assessment and monitoring of genetically modified organisms. -
Description of Two New Species of the Midas Cichlid Complex (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua
PROCEEDINGS OF THE BIOLOGICAL SOCIETY OF WASHINGTON 123(2):159–173. 2010. Description of two new species of the Midas cichlid complex (Teleostei: Cichlidae) from Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua Matthias F. Geiger, Jeffrey K. McCrary, and Jay R. Stauffer, Jr.* (MFG) Bavarian State Collection of Zoology (ZSM), Department of Ichthyology, Mu¨nchhausenstr. 21, 81247 Munich, Germany; (JKM) Fundacio´n Nicaragu¨ense Pro-desarrollo Comunitario Integral (FUNDECI/GAIA), Estacio´n Biolo´gica, Laguna de Apoyo Nature Reserve, Nicaragua; (JRS) School of Forest Resources, 432 Forest Resources Building, The Pennsylvania State University, University Park, Pennsylvania 16802, U.S.A., e-mail: [email protected] Abstract.—Two species belonging to the Amphilophus citrinellus (Gu¨nther, 1864) species complex endemic to Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua are described. Both species exhibit unique phenotypic characters that have not been found in other members of the species complex. Furthermore, they breed assortatively in Lake Apoyo and can readily be distinguished in the field from all other described species found in that lake. Including the two herein described species, six species that form a monophyletic species assemblage within the Midas cichlid complex inhabit Lake Apoyo, Nicaragua. Midas cichlids are monogamous sub- allowed the description of three endemic strate spawners that form pairs only species from Lake Xiloa´ in 2002 and three during breeding season, when they ag- endemic species from Lake Apoyo in gressively defend their territory and fry. 2008 (Stauffer & McKaye 2002, -
The Entomologist's Record and Journal of Variation
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Diversity of the Moth Fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of a Wetland Forest: a Case Study from Motovun Forest, Istria, Croatia
PERIODICUM BIOLOGORUM UDC 57:61 VOL. 117, No 3, 399–414, 2015 CODEN PDBIAD DOI: 10.18054/pb.2015.117.3.2945 ISSN 0031-5362 original research article Diversity of the moth fauna (Lepidoptera: Heterocera) of a wetland forest: A case study from Motovun forest, Istria, Croatia Abstract TONI KOREN1 KAJA VUKOTIĆ2 Background and Purpose: The Motovun forest located in the Mirna MITJA ČRNE3 river valley, central Istria, Croatia is one of the last lowland floodplain 1 Croatian Herpetological Society – Hyla, forests remaining in the Mediterranean area. Lipovac I. n. 7, 10000 Zagreb Materials and Methods: Between 2011 and 2014 lepidopterological 2 Biodiva – Conservation Biologist Society, research was carried out on 14 sampling sites in the area of Motovun forest. Kettejeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia The moth fauna was surveyed using standard light traps tents. 3 Biodiva – Conservation Biologist Society, Results and Conclusions: Altogether 403 moth species were recorded Kettejeva 1, 6000 Koper, Slovenia in the area, of which 65 can be considered at least partially hygrophilous. These results list the Motovun forest as one of the best surveyed regions in Correspondence: Toni Koren Croatia in respect of the moth fauna. The current study is the first of its kind [email protected] for the area and an important contribution to the knowledge of moth fauna of the Istria region, and also for Croatia in general. Key words: floodplain forest, wetland moth species INTRODUCTION uring the past 150 years, over 300 papers concerning the moths Dand butterflies of Croatia have been published (e.g. 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, 8). -
Rapid Evolution and Selection Inferred from the Transcriptomes of Sympatric Crater Lake Cichlid Fishes
Rapid evolution and selection inferred from the transcriptomes of sympatric crater lake cichlid fishes K. R. ELMER, S. FAN, H. M. GUNTER, J. C. JONES, S. BOEKHOFF, S. KURAKU and A. MEYER Lehrstuhl fUr Zoologie und Evolutionsbiologie, Department of Biology, University of Konstanz, Universitiitstrasse 10, 78457 Konstanz, Germany Abstract Crater lakes provide a natural laboratory to study speciation of cichlid fishes by ecological divergence. Up to now, there has been a dearth of transcriptomic and genomic information that would aid in understanding the molecular basis of the phenotypic differentiation between young species. We used next-generation sequencing (Roche 454 massively parallel pyrosequencing) to characterize the diversity of expressed sequence tags between ecologically divergent, endemic and sympatric species of cichlid fishes from crater lake Apoyo, Nicaragua: benthic Amphilophus astorquii and limnetic Amphilophus zaliosus. We obtained 24174 A. astorquii and 21382 A. zaliosus high quality expressed sequence tag contigs, of which 13 106 pairs are orthologous between species. Based on the ratio of non synonymous to synonymous substitutions, we identified six sequences exhibiting signals of strong diversifying selection (KalKs > 1). These included genes involved in biosynthesis, metabolic processes and development. This transcriptome sequence variation may be reflective of natural selection acting on the genomes of these young, sympatric sister species. Based on Ks ratios and p-distances between 3'-untranslated regions (UTRs) calibrated to previously published species divergence times, we estimated a neutral transcriptome-wide substitutional mutation rate of ~1.25 x 10-6 per site per year. We conclude that next-generation sequencing technologies allow us to infer natural selection acting to diversify the genomes of young species, such as crater lake cichlids, with much greater scope than previously possible. -
What Is a Species? an Endless Debate
GENERAL ARTICLE What is a Species? An Endless Debate Uttam Saikia, Narayan Sharma and Abhijit Das Everybody is familiar with the ubiquitous term ‘species’.But what is a species? Undeniably, this is one of the most complex dilemmas in the history of biology. There is no other concept in biology as elementary yet controversial as the concept of species. In practice, a species is regarded as the fundamental unit of comparison in all biological disciplines like systemat- ics, evolution, ecology, ethology, physiology, and genetics. However, little agreement exists in the scientific community regarding the nature of species, whether it is a real entity or (left) Uttam Saikia is a cultural artifact, its biological significance or how to delin- working at High Altitude eateaspecies. Thisarticleisareview oftheseeminglyendless Zoology Field Station, debate on the species concept and its implications. Zoological Survey of India, Solan, Himachal Pradesh. The Species Concept: Historical Perspective (right) Narayan Sharma is Since olden times, naturalists have felt the need for a unit by a research scholar in National Institute of which diversity of life form on Earth can be described and Advanced Studies, IISc measured. Early naturalists and philosophers like Pluto and Campus, Bangalore. His Aristotle initiated the process of classifying biological objects area of research is primate based on typological essentialism i.e., every species (species is ecology and behaviour. the Latin word for kind) should conform to certain predetermined (center) Abhijit Das is a ideal “type”. Anything not similar to a particular type is consid- research scholar in Utkal ered a different species. This is known as typological species University, Orissa. -
The Insect Database in Dokdo, Korea: an Updated Version in 2020
Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62011 doi: 10.3897/BDJ.9.e62011 Data Paper The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version in 2020 Jihun Ryu‡,§, Young-Kun Kim |, Sang Jae Suh|, Kwang Shik Choi‡,§,¶ ‡ School of Life Science, BK21 FOUR KNU Creative BioResearch Group, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea § Research Institute for Dok-do and Ulleung-do Island, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea | School of Applied Biosciences, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea ¶ Research Institute for Phylogenomics and Evolution, Kyungpook National University, Daegu, South Korea Corresponding author: Kwang Shik Choi ([email protected]) Academic editor: Paulo Borges Received: 14 Dec 2020 | Accepted: 20 Jan 2021 | Published: 26 Jan 2021 Citation: Ryu J, Kim Y-K, Suh SJ, Choi KS (2021) The Insect database in Dokdo, Korea: An updated version in 2020. Biodiversity Data Journal 9: e62011. https://doi.org/10.3897/BDJ.9.e62011 Abstract Background Dokdo, a group of islands near the East Coast of South Korea, comprises 89 small islands. These volcanic islands were created by an eruption that also led to the formation of the Ulleungdo Islands (located in the East Sea), which are approximately 87.525 km away from Dokdo. Dokdo is important for geopolitical reasons; however, because of certain barriers to investigation, such as weather and time constraints, knowledge of its insect fauna is limited compared to that of Ulleungdo. Until 2017, insect fauna on Dokdo included 10 orders, 74 families, 165 species and 23 undetermined species; subsequently, from 2018 to 2019, we discovered 23 previously unrecorded species and three undetermined species via an insect survey.