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The Areal Distribution of Mean Annual Rainfall Over the Island of Hispaniola

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The Areal Distribution of Mean Annual Rainfall Over the Island of Hispaniola MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW Editor, EDGAR W. WOOLARD VOL. 69, No. 7 CLOSEDSEPT. 3, 1941 W. B. No. 1332 JULY 1941 ISSUEDOCT. 14, 1941 THE AREAL DISTRIBUTION OF MEAN ANNUAL RAINFALL OVER THE ISLAND OF HISPANIOLA BY LEO ALPERT [Clark University, Worcester, Mass., July 19401 The new map of annual rainfall distribution over the an average period of 18 years. The distribution over Santo Domingo island of Hispaniola here presented is based upon data is based upon records at 50 st,ations, averaging 7 years. for 162 stations and det’ailed information made available In Fassig’s study, limit’ed data and lack of information in recent years. It indicates t,hat the areal distribution about many sections of the island necessitated broad of mean annual rainfall over this island is the most generalizations which failed to bring out the irregularity irregular of any unit of the Greater Antilles, ranging from charact,eristic of rainfall distribution. The availability less than 20 inches on leeward lowlands and enclosed of data from more than twice as many stations, and interior valleys to more than 100 inches on elevated records with longer periods of observation, now justify mountain slopes and favorably located areas at low eleva- a new compilation of annual rainfall distribut’ion. tion. Rec,ords for 162 stations12covering an average period INTRODUCTION of 14 years, form the bn.sis for the accompmying map. For the Republic of Haiti 79 stations, covering an average The areal distribution of rainfall over the island of period of 17 yems, were used, of which 24 stations have Hispaniola has not previously been mapped in detail records of 20 ye.ars or niore, 36 stmationshit.ve. records because of the inadequacy of the rainfall data, and the of 10 to 19 years, and 19 stations have rec.ords of 4 to 9 marked dependence of rainfall on local relief for which years. For the Dominican Republic 83 stations, covering accurate topographic maps are not available. The only an avemge period of 11 yea,rs, were used, of which 2 map of annual rainfall known to the author was published st’ations have records of 30 and 31 years, respectively, in 1929 by Oliver L. Fassig. Referring to this map, Fassig 56 st,at8ionshave records of 10 to 15 years, and 25 stations wrote: have records of 4 to 9 gears. The accompanying chart is offered as only a first attempt to show u. 8. Wenther Bureau, Cliinafological Data, li’cst Indica and Caribbean SercGcc, San the average dist,ribution of rainfall over the entire island. Juan Puerto Rico. Diiection Oenerale Des TraVaU Publics, “Les Earn De Surface De La Republique The distribution over Haiti is based upon the average annual D’HSitj )p Balletin Hgdrographigf&e Republique D’Haiti. values for 27 stations with records of 10 years or more and covering sernin‘sire College St. Martial. bulletin A~ini~oiDe L’Obsercaloire Mrtcorologiyue, Port.-au-Prince Republique D’Haiti. 1 Fassig, Oliver L 4 Tentative Chart of Annual Rninfall over the Island Of Haiti-SantO Secretaria De‘ Estado De Agriculturr) Y Trabajo, Geccion De Meteorolpzia,Esladislicas Domingo, MONTHL.+-WEATHIRREVIEW, July 1929, Vol. 57, p. 296. De Las Lluvias En La Rrpublica Dommicana, Ciudad TrujiUo, Rcpuhlica Dorninicana. I I I I I I I 72 WEATHER STATIONS -2“ HISPANIOLA MILES - - 412301--11-1 20 1 Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/28/21 11:57 AM UTC 202 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW JULY 1941 - I I I I 74 A A RELIEF OF HISPANIOLA =h ZE- 0 I.. 70 m ?4 I I I I I I I I I I I 71 72 70 RAINFALL OF HISPANIOLA 20. 2 0- MILES - 18- 80-80 INCHES 80-100 INCHES " mYORETHAN IOOINCHES -/-'-'] ISOHYETS 71 7 70 I 1 I I These addit,ionn.l dnt.a. have macb possible the tlclinii- rc4it.f tlian any of thc othrr Greutcr hiitillran Islands, so t,n.t.ionof the 20, :JO, 40y 50, 60, 70. 80, 90, and 100 inch it displays the most irregular rainfall distribution. isohyets.' Becitusc. of the niore limit,rc-l informntion at, The influence of surface features, especially mountain ha.11~1Fa.ssig iiduclecl only t.11~15- 30: 40. BO. 70. l11ld T5 rnnpes, upon moisture-lwtlring winds in whosr path they inch isohyet's. lie, is ninirily responsible for local variations in annual ANKGAL RAINF.ILL DISTHIRVTION rninfall over the islnnd. Thus the isohyels trencl east- west with the relief, hcing widely spaced on ~intlward The complex relief of t,he islaud aocounts for ~nucliof exposures and crowded together on leeward slopes. the irregularity of r:i.infall di~t~rihutdon.Just as Hispan- Whcn winds strike high ridges of the northern mountains iola presentmehigher elevnt,ions and grcat>er diversitmyof they precipitate R large portion of their moisture on the 3 IVherecer rainlall stations srr lacking, or rrrords arc' rlnrrliahlc dur io Ihr short period northern lowlands and mountains, especially on north- of obserT-ation, theoretical isohyets are derirrd Iron? rdi:4, xind directinn. vegcthtion, mstern slopes. From 60 to more than 100 inches of and notcs of travelers, No records are arailable for the higher parts of thr nl>'uutnlllS excppt at F~rc:,and henscnff on the Sierra *le la Spllc and CYmstanmon t!~r Elerra Del rainfall are recorded in these areas. The mountains of Cibao: the rleration ofFurry is ahout 5.W feet. Kenscvfi shout t,WW fwt, wid CoiistanZ8 about 4.W feet. the interior and the south are high enough to cause further Unauthenticated | Downloaded 09/28/21 11:57 AM UTC JULY1941 MONTHLY WEATHER REVIEW 203 rainfall on their upper slopes; hut leeward slopes aiid low- Department de L’Ouest: De artment de L’.4rtibonite- lands, especially the west and southwest, are less 1. Arcahaie. 8ontinued. in 2. Cabaret. 9. Dessalines. abundantly watered. The latter regions become increas- 3. hlirebnlais. 10. Saint-Marc. ingly drier as elevation decreases, several leeward lowland 4. BelladPre. 11. Pont-SondC. areas receiving less than 20 inches annually. .5. Hatte Lathan. 12. Petite-RiviBre. Wide estremes of rainfall are encountered over the 6. Thomazeau. 13. Verrettes. 7. Grand-Bois. 14. La Chapelle. island. Mirehalais (21-year record) receives 122 inches S. Croix-des-Boucluets. Department du Nord-Ouest: of rainfall, whereas Thomazeau (31-year record), less 9. Port-au-Prince. 1. MBle St.-Nicolas. than 15 miles distant, receives only 32 inches. Gonaives 10. Phtion-Ville. 2. Jean-Rabel. (46-year record) receives only 22 inches, the least of any 11. Bashin GBri6ral Rir. 3. Port-de-Paix. Grise. 4. Saint-Louis du Nord. station wit,h a long record, though Central Ocoa (ti-yetir 12. Ganthier. Depsrtment du Nord: record) receives 16 inches arid Anse-a-Pitre (4-year record) 13. LCogbie. 1. Borgne. less than 12 inches. 14. Petit-CoSve. 2. Bayeus. 15. Trouin. 3. Pilate. WEATHER STATIONS OF HISPANIOLA 16. Furcy. 4. Plaisance. 17. Kenscoff. 5. Limb& REPUBLIC-4 DOMINICANA 1s. Fonds-Verrettes. 6. Cap-Haitien. 19. Bainet. 7. Bounay. Provincia de Barahona: Provincia de Macoris-Con. 20. Jacmel. 8. Limonade. 1. Barahona. 2. Quisqueya. 21. Gaillard. 9. Trou. Provincia de Azda: 3. Olivari. 22. Boclaire (Gr. Gohier). 10. Botany. 1. San Juan. 4. Central C. Col6n. 23. Bnse-a-Pitre. 11. Bonnement. 2. Central Ocoa. 5. Macoris, Ban Pedro de. Ile de 1s Gonaive: 12. Ouansniinthe. 3. Central Ariiano. 6. Central Consuelo. 1. Anse-B-Galets. 13. ValliBres. 4, Azba. 7. Escarranian. Department de L’Artibonite: 14. Grande Riviere. 5. San Josb de Ocoa. 8. Esperanza. 1. Bs~sin-Bleu. 15. Bahon. Prorincia de Santiago: 9. Ckntral Porvenir. 2. Gros-Morne. 16. Dondon. 1. San Jose de las Matas. 10. Porvenir. 3. Terre-Nueve. 17. Saint-Raphael. 2. Santiago. 11. Gran Peii6n. 4. Gonaives. 18. Marrnelade. 3. Puntezuela. 12. El Soco. 5. Ennery. 19. Saint-Michel. Provincia de Puerto Plata: 13. Pic0 Blanco. 6. Deadunes. 20. Maissade. 1. Puerto Plata. 14. Kelly. 7. Grande-Saline. 21. Hinche. Provincia Espaillat : 15. Cumayaza. S. Bocozell. 22. Cerce-la-Source. 1. Moca. 16. Jagual. 2. Salcedo. 17. Regajo. REPUBLICA DOMINICANA Provincia de la Vega: 18. Los Arados. 1. C‘onstanza. Provincia del Seiho: PROVINCIh DE BARAHONA 2. Jarabacoa. 1. Campifia. 3. La Vega. 2. Pedro Sdncher. 4. Las Cabullas. 3. Sdado. F2i olrec- Jan. Feb. Mar. Apr. May June July AUK.Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. 5. La Jagua. 4. GuanBbanas. l=~~l////lIllIll/ Provincia Pacificaclor (Provin- 5. Guaymate. cia Duartel : 6. Espinillos. 1..___I 141 0 701 0.521 0.711 2.081 6.171 4.5312) 2.701 4.741 6.431 2.441 O.MI 33.33 1. Macaris, SanFranciscode. 7. La Noria. 2. La Gina. 8. Higueral. PROVINCIA DE -4ZUA 3. Pimentel. 9. Campo Alegre. 4. La Ceiba. 10. La Romana. 1..... 5 0.74 0.67 1.31 3.53 3.93 3.32 5.17 6.221 6.63 6.78 3.19 0.79 42.38 5. Villa* Rivas. 11. Loading Sta. No. 29 (C. 2 _.___6 .81 .I2 .% .,3 2.79 1.44 1.44 1.42 130 2.14 2.69 .33 15.52 Provincia de Santu Doiningo Priino) 3 __.__10 .47 .36 .Si 1.83 2.93 1.47 2.45 1.35 4.23 4.5i 3.65 .43 24.73 . 4.---- 10 1.62 .39 33 1.77 3.33 229 373 2.52 4.71 4.46 3.22 .5S 29.45 (Provincia Trujillo) : 12. Rancho Viejo. 5 _..__ 6 5.28 1.75 .95 2.22 7.7413:96 2:65 5.081 5.97 6.00 3.86 1.18 46.74 1.
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