DOCSLIB.ORG

(12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0287504 A1 Mets (43) Pub

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text

Load more

US 2011 0287504A1 (19) United States (12) Patent Application Publication (10) Pub. No.: US 2011/0287504 A1 Mets (43) Pub. Date: Nov. 24, 2011 (54) METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING Publication Classification ELECTRICITY INTO ALTERNATIVE ENERGY RESOURCES (51) Int. Cl. CI2P 5/02 (2006.01) (75) Inventor: Laurens Mets, Chicago, IL (US) (52) U.S. Cl. ........................................................ 435/167 (73) Assignee: THE UNIVERSITY OF CHICAGO, Chicago, IL (US) (57) ABSTRACT (21) Appl. No.: 13/204,398 A method of using electricity to produce methane includes maintaining a culture comprising living methanogenic micro (22) Filed: Aug. 5, 2011 organisms at a temperature above 50° C. in a reactor having a first chamber and a second chamber separated by a proton Related U.S. Application Data permeable barrier, the first chamber comprising a passage between an inlet and an outlet containing at least a porous (63) Continuation of application No. 13/049,775, filed on electrically conductive cathode, the culture, and water, and Mar. 16, 2011, which is a continuation-in-part of appli the second chamber comprising at least an anode. The method cation No. PCT/US 10/40944, filed on Jul. 2, 2010. also includes coupling electricity to the anode and the cath (60) Provisional application No. 61/222,621, filed on Jul. 2, ode, Supplying carbon dioxide to the culture in the first cham 2009, provisional application No. 61/430,071, filed on ber, and collecting methane from the culture at the outlet of Jan. 5, 2011. the first chamber. Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 1 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 PRIOR ART O2 H2 CHA -CH -D -O 50 52 -CH CO2 FIG. 1 O2 CH4 -CH -D -CH CO2 + H2O FIG. 2 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 2 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 1 As 100 2 W. & 102 132 CO2 104 $3 SOURCE s XXXXXXXX-XXXXXXXX 108 s 8XXX8 &:s XXX : XX X X X X. X. X. X. X. X. X. X X 8 8 : x:8 & xx3. 2. 8 120 YA 83. :3 : 83. 8 8. 8. 8 x 8 e : x XxX X X X X: : : : 3. : : : X X & & 8. 106 136 FIG. 3 CO2 SOURCE 30 NK2 222 x xxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxxx a 3NY NNN 2 214 232 210 218 220 FIG. 4 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 3 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 % SNY N NSN% 264 260 26 8 F.G. 5 312 816 332 2. 330 % SNY% 3.3xxx2 xxxxx S N 324 & 314 310 O F.G. 6 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 5 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 f 22 2 432 42O FIG. 8 404 YA s.S.SS 3.X 3. s N& & 3. & : & s & s & X8: & X8. 8: & & X 3. 23e E. FIG. 9 FIG 10 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 6 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 FIG. 11 FIG. 12 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 7 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 \ ÅRHEINI-HERHN\S. TVRHLSOCINI„”»^/NNJ»zgºÍ N N NN //ZN. NY. /N LE/009N909ZZGTONV/H V (ENIGHTQL) Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 8 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 ELECTRICITY 606 SOURCE TRANSMISSION 608 SUBSTATION Ae 604 TRANSMISSION 610 LINES Ae 600 POWER SUBSTATION 620 CARBON LOCAL DISTRIBUTION DOXIDE GRID SOURCE 602 INDUCTION BIOLOGICAL CIRCUIT REACTOR 21 630 POST PROCESSING 640 650 METHANE METHANE COLLECTION STORAGE SUBSYSTEM 652 TRANSPORT SYSTEM 654 656 DISTRIBUTION FIG. 14 CONSUMER SUBSYSTEM Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 9 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 Electrobiological methanogenesis 4. a e Si:SS — Time vs Mass 16 ea. 3 - i.iethanothermobacter her:autotrophicus 359 I s imi in 1.25 cm electrolysis ce: at 60°C | s (' f A 2 3. e t r & i fE SV Ein"i. N rol w" ' .." - M. W. 3. OW: O is f . ya il { ti?sississil alia. 4.38 as: s 5: S: 5:3: 5:45 SO:s ite FIG. 15 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 10 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 FIG. 17 Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 11 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 e c c s r c w y s e . ea ca R s R s sa s sex Niewerow- a. ity yersy y in & r -- s s es g s s s s s isual tuis Islau Jo Lafic pi Patent Application Publication Nov. 24, 2011 Sheet 12 of 12 US 2011/0287504 A1 sessessessertexxx-xxxx. iris' wa s as s ha ASLR) sufis a lea. It Rip H US 2011/0287504 A1 Nov. 24, 2011 METHOD AND SYSTEM FOR CONVERTING lacking is a method for storing Solar energy in a stable form ELECTRICITY INTO ALTERNATIVE that can be tapped whenever needed. Ideally, such a storage ENERGY RESOURCES form should fit Smoothly into the existing energy infrastruc ture so that it can be quickly deployed once developed. 0007. There is a need in the energy industry for systems to 0001. This application is a continuation of U.S. applica convertone form of energy into another. In particular, there is tion Ser. No. 13/049,775, filed Mar. 16, 2011, which is a a need for systems to convert electricity into a form of energy continuation-in-part of International Application No. PCT/ that can be stored inexpensively on industrial scales. Many US 10/40944, filed on Jul. 2, 2010, which itself claims the Sources of electricity generation cannot be adjusted to match benefit of U.S. Application No. 61/222,621, filed Jul. 2, 2009, changing demand. For example, coal power plants run most and claims the benefit of U.S. Application No. 61/430,071, efficiently when maintained at a constant rate and cannot be filed Jan. 5, 2011, all of which are hereby incorporated by adjusted as easily as natural gas (methane) fired powerplants. reference in their entirety in the present application. Likewise, wind turbines generate electricity when the wind is blowing which may not necessarily happen when electricity INCORPORATION BY REFERENCE OF demand is highest. MATERIAL SUBMITTED ELECTRONICALLY 0008. There is also a need to convert electricity into a form that can be transported long distances without significant 0002 Incorporated by reference in its entirety is a com losses. Many opportunities for wind farms, geothermal, puter-readable nucleotide?amino acid sequence listing Sub hydroelectric or Solar based power generation facilities are mitted concurrently herewith and identified as follows: One 6 not located close to major population centers, but electric KBACII (Text) file named “45458C SeqListing..txt,” created power losses over hundreds of miles add significant cost to on Aug. 5, 2011. Such distant power facilities. 0009 Methane is one of the most versatile forms of energy BACKGROUND and can be stored easily. There already exists much infrastruc 0003. This patent is directed to the conversion of electrical ture for transporting and distributing methane as well as infra energy into alternative energy resources, such as fuels. In structure for converting methane into electricity and for pow particular, the patent relates to conversion of carbon dioxide ering vehicles. Methane also has the highest energy density into methane and other energy resources using electrical per carbon atom of all fossil fuels, and therefore of all fossil energy, which conversion may also create or generate other fuels, methane releases the least carbon dioxide per unit products or byproducts, such as carbon credits or oxygen, for energy when burned. Hence, systems for converting electric example. ity into methane would be highly useful and valuable in all 0004. The United States annually consumes about 90 energy generation and utilization industries. Exajoules (EJ) of carbon-based fuels, 88% of its total energy 0010. In principle, it would be possible to produce meth consumption in 2008. The use of these fuels is supported by ane from electric power in a two-step process, such as out heavily capitalized processing, distribution and utilization lined schematically in FIG. 1. The first step would use the industries. electric power to make hydrogen gas from water in a standard 0005. The sustainability of these systems is questionable water electrolysis system 50. In a second step, the hydrogen on two counts. First, the US imports 25% of the energy it uses, gas could then be pumped into a methanogenic reaction a proportion that is projected to increase Substantially. chamber 52 Such as a highly specific reactor of methanogenic Imported energy is obtained from Sources that are under microbes. One such reactor is described in U.S. Publication pressure to serve increasing demand from growing econo No 2009/0130734 by Laurens Mets, which is incorporated in mies in other parts of the world. Second, more than 96% of the its entirety herein by reference. carbon-based fuels are obtained from fossil reserves, which are finite. Useful energy is obtained from carbon-based fuels SUMMARY by oxidizing reduced states of carbon to carbon dioxide. For 0011. According to an aspect of the present disclosure, a fossil fuels, this process is basically open-loop, producing system to convert electric power into methane includes a CO with no compensating carbon reduction process to close reactor having a first chamber and a second chamber sepa the cycle. The consequent gradual accumulation of atmo rated by a proton permeable barrier. The first chamber spheric CO2 is beginning to cause changes in the global cli includes a passage between an inlet and an outlet containing mate that threaten many aspects of our way of life. Therefore, at least a porous electrically conductive cathode, a culture a process that can close this carbon energy cycle for the total comprising living methanogenic microorganisms, and water.
Recommended publications
  • Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X

    Table S4. Phylogenetic Distribution of Bacterial and Archaea Genomes in Groups A, B, C, D, and X

    Table S4. Phylogenetic distribution of bacterial and archaea genomes in groups A, B, C, D, and X. Group A a: Total number of genomes in the taxon b: Number of group A genomes in the taxon c: Percentage of group A genomes in the taxon a b c cellular organisms 5007 2974 59.4 |__ Bacteria 4769 2935 61.5 | |__ Proteobacteria 1854 1570 84.7 | | |__ Gammaproteobacteria 711 631 88.7 | | | |__ Enterobacterales 112 97 86.6 | | | | |__ Enterobacteriaceae 41 32 78.0 | | | | | |__ unclassified Enterobacteriaceae 13 7 53.8 | | | | |__ Erwiniaceae 30 28 93.3 | | | | | |__ Erwinia 10 10 100.0 | | | | | |__ Buchnera 8 8 100.0 | | | | | | |__ Buchnera aphidicola 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pantoea 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Yersiniaceae 14 14 100.0 | | | | | |__ Serratia 8 8 100.0 | | | | |__ Morganellaceae 13 10 76.9 | | | | |__ Pectobacteriaceae 8 8 100.0 | | | |__ Alteromonadales 94 94 100.0 | | | | |__ Alteromonadaceae 34 34 100.0 | | | | | |__ Marinobacter 12 12 100.0 | | | | |__ Shewanellaceae 17 17 100.0 | | | | | |__ Shewanella 17 17 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonadaceae 16 16 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudoalteromonas 15 15 100.0 | | | | |__ Idiomarinaceae 9 9 100.0 | | | | | |__ Idiomarina 9 9 100.0 | | | | |__ Colwelliaceae 6 6 100.0 | | | |__ Pseudomonadales 81 81 100.0 | | | | |__ Moraxellaceae 41 41 100.0 | | | | | |__ Acinetobacter 25 25 100.0 | | | | | |__ Psychrobacter 8 8 100.0 | | | | | |__ Moraxella 6 6 100.0 | | | | |__ Pseudomonadaceae 40 40 100.0 | | | | | |__ Pseudomonas 38 38 100.0 | | | |__ Oceanospirillales 73 72 98.6 | | | | |__ Oceanospirillaceae
  • Evidence of Active Methanogen Communities in Shallow Sediments

    Evidence of Active Methanogen Communities in Shallow Sediments

    Evidence of active methanogen communities in shallow sediments of the Sonora Margin cold seeps Adrien Vigneron, St´ephaneL'Haridon, Anne Godfroy, Erwan Roussel, Barry A Cragg, R. John Parkes, Laurent Toffin To cite this version: Adrien Vigneron, St´ephaneL'Haridon, Anne Godfroy, Erwan Roussel, Barry A Cragg, et al.. Evidence of active methanogen communities in shallow sediments of the Sonora Margin cold seeps. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, American Society for Microbiology, 2015, 81 (10), pp.3451-3459. <10.1128/AEM.00147-15>. <hal-01144705> HAL Id: hal-01144705 http://hal.univ-brest.fr/hal-01144705 Submitted on 23 Apr 2015 HAL is a multi-disciplinary open access L'archive ouverte pluridisciplinaire HAL, est archive for the deposit and dissemination of sci- destin´eeau d´ep^otet `ala diffusion de documents entific research documents, whether they are pub- scientifiques de niveau recherche, publi´esou non, lished or not. The documents may come from ´emanant des ´etablissements d'enseignement et de teaching and research institutions in France or recherche fran¸caisou ´etrangers,des laboratoires abroad, or from public or private research centers. publics ou priv´es. Distributed under a Creative Commons Attribution - NonCommercial 4.0 International License Evidence of Active Methanogen Communities in Shallow Sediments of the Sonora Margin Cold Seeps Adrien Vigneron,a,b,c,e Stéphane L’Haridon,b,c Anne Godfroy,a,b,c Erwan G. Roussel,a,b,c,d Barry A. Cragg,d R. John Parkes,d Downloaded from Laurent Toffina,b,c Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie
  • MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The

    MIAMI UNIVERSITY the Graduate School Certificate for Approving The

    MIAMI UNIVERSITY The Graduate School Certificate for Approving the Dissertation We hereby approve the Dissertation of Qiuyuan Huang Candidate for the Degree: Doctor of Philosophy _______________________________________ Hailiang Dong, Director ________________________________________ Yildirim Dilek, Reader ________________________________________ Jonathan Levy, Reader ______________________________________ Chuanlun Zhang, External examiner ______________________________________ Annette Bollmann, Graduate School Representative ABSTRACT GEOMICROBIAL INVESTIGATIONS ON EXTREME ENVIRONMENTS: LINKING GEOCHEMISTRY TO MICROBIAL ECOLOGY IN TERRESTRIAL HOT SPRINGS AND SALINE LAKES by Qiuyuan Huang Terrestrial hot springs and saline lakes represent two extreme environments for microbial life and constitute an important part of global ecosystems that affect the biogeochemical cycling of life-essential elements. Despite the advances in our understanding of microbial ecology in the past decade, important questions remain regarding the link between microbial diversity and geochemical factors under these extreme conditions. This dissertation first investigates a series of hot springs with wide ranges of temperature (26-92oC) and pH (3.72-8.2) from the Tibetan Plateau in China and the Philippines. Within each region, microbial diversity and geochemical conditions were studied using an integrated approach with 16S rRNA molecular phylogeny and a suite of geochemical analyses. In Tibetan springs, the microbial community was dominated by archaeal phylum Thaumarchaeota
  • Evidence of Active Methanogen Communities in Shallow Sediments of the Sonora

    Evidence of Active Methanogen Communities in Shallow Sediments of the Sonora

    AEM Accepted Manuscript Posted Online 13 March 2015 Appl. Environ. Microbiol. doi:10.1128/AEM.00147-15 Copyright © 2015, American Society for Microbiology. All Rights Reserved. 1 Evidence of active methanogen communities in shallow sediments of the Sonora 2 Margin cold seeps 3 4 Adrien Vigneron#1235, Stéphane L'Haridon23, Anne Godfroy123, Erwan G. Roussel1234, Barry A. 5 Cragg4, R. John Parkes4 and Laurent Toffin123 6 1Ifremer, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR6197, 7 Technopôle Brest Iroise, BP70, Plouzané, France 8 2Université de Bretagne Occidentale, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements 9 Extrêmes, UMR6197, Technopôle Brest Iroise, BP70, Plouzané, France 10 3CNRS, Laboratoire de Microbiologie des Environnements Extrêmes, UMR6197, Technopôle 11 Brest Iroise, BP70, Plouzané, France 12 4School of Earth and Ocean Sciences, Cardiff University, Cardiff CF10 3AT, United Kingdom 13 5School of Civil Engineering and Geosciences, Newcastle University, Newcastle upon Tyne 14 NE1 7RU, United Kingdom 15 Running Title: Methanogens in the Sonora Margin sediments 16 Keywords: Archaea / methanogenesis / Guaymas Basin / Methanococcoides / 17 Methanogenium 18 Contact of corresponding author: Dr. Adrien Vigneron ; [email protected] ; tel :+33 19 298 224 396 ; fax +33 298 224 557 20 Abstract 21 In the Sonora Margin cold seep ecosystems (Gulf of California), sediments underlying 22 microbial mats harbor high biogenic methane concentrations, fuelling various microbial 23 communities such as abundant lineages of Anaerobic Methanotrophs (ANME). However 1 24 biodiversity, distribution and metabolism of the microorganisms producing this methane 25 remain poorly understood. In this study, measurements of methanogenesis using 26 radiolabelled dimethylamine, bicarbonate and acetate showed that biogenic methane 27 production in these sediments was mainly dominated by methylotrophic methanogenesis, 28 while the proportion of autotrophic methanogenesis increased with depth.
  • Design of Targeted Primers Based on 16S Rrna Sequences in Meta

    Design of Targeted Primers Based on 16S Rrna Sequences in Meta

    Zhang et al. BMC Microbiology (2020) 20:25 https://doi.org/10.1186/s12866-020-1707-0 METHODOLOGY ARTICLE Open Access Design of targeted primers based on 16S rRNA sequences in meta-transcriptomic datasets and identification of a novel taxonomic group in the Asgard archaea Ru-Yi Zhang1, Bin Zou1, Yong-Wei Yan1,2, Che Ok Jeon3, Meng Li4, Mingwei Cai4,5 and Zhe-Xue Quan1* Abstract Background: Amplification of small subunit (SSU) rRNA genes with universal primers is a common method used to assess microbial populations in various environmental samples. However, owing to limitations in coverage of these universal primers, some microorganisms remain unidentified. The present study aimed to establish a method for amplifying nearly full-length SSU rRNA gene sequences of previously unidentified prokaryotes, using newly designed targeted primers via primer evaluation in meta-transcriptomic datasets. Methods: Primer binding regions of universal primer 8F/Arch21F for bacteria or archaea were used for primer evaluation of SSU rRNA sequences in meta-transcriptomic datasets. Furthermore, targeted forward primers were designed based on SSU rRNA reads from unclassified groups unmatched with the universal primer 8F/ Arch21F, and these primers were used to amplify nearly full-length special SSU rRNA gene sequences along with universal reverse primer 1492R. Similarity and phylogenetic analysis were used to confirm their novel status. Results: Using this method, we identified unclassified SSU rRNA sequences that were not matched with universal primer 8F and Arch21F. A new group within the Asgard superphylum was amplified by the newly designed specific primer based on these unclassified SSU rRNA sequences by using mudflat samples.
  • UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Microbial

    UNIVERSITY of CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Microbial

    UNIVERSITY OF CALIFORNIA RIVERSIDE Microbial Diversity Studies in Sediments of Perennially Ice-covered Lakes, McMurdo Dry Valleys, Antarctica A Dissertation submitted in partial satisfaction of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philososphy in Microbiology by Chao Tang December 2009 Dissertation Committee: Dr. Brian Lanoil, Chairperson Dr. James Borneman Dr. David Crowley Copyright by Chao Tang 2009 The Dissertation of Chao Tang is approved: Committee Chairperson University of California, Riverside Acknowledgments There are numerous people who have provided me with help and inspiration during my studies here at UC Riverside. First and foremost, I would like to express my sincere appreciation for my advisor, Dr. Brian Lanoil, for giving me a great opportunity to study Antarctica microbiology, challenging and guiding me in pursuit of science. I would also like to acknowledge the past and present members of the Lanoil and Stein groups for the stimulating scientific discussions, help with experiments and encouragement in persevering through difficult times. I would like to thank Dr. David Crowley and Dr. James Borneman on my dissertation committee for their support and advice. I’d also like to thank our collaborators in the McMurdo Dry Valleys Microbial Observatory program, Dr. Michael Madigan from Southern Illinois University and Dr. Vladimir Samarkin from University of Georgia, Athens, for bringing field equipments, joint sampling efforts, and sharing their knowledge and insights for my research. I appreciate the Long Term Ecological Research limnology team led by Dr. John Priscu of Montana State University for help with fieldwork and their friendship. I am very grateful to my parents for their love, support, understanding and patience over the years.
  • Diversity of Methane-Cycling Microorganisms in Soils and Their Relation to Oxygen

    Diversity of Methane-Cycling Microorganisms in Soils and Their Relation to Oxygen

    Diversity of Methane-cycling Microorganisms in Soils and Their Relation to Oxygen Claudia Knief* Institute of Crop Science and Resource Conservation – Molecular Biology of the Rhizosphere, University of Bonn, Bonn, Germany. *Correspondence: [email protected] htps://doi.org/10.21775/cimb.033.023 Abstract Introduction Microorganisms are important players in the Methane cycling microorganisms are of interest global methane cycle. Anaerobic methanogenic for microbiologists since more than a century. archaea are largely responsible for methane pro- Research on these microorganisms was initially duction, while aerobic methanotrophic bacteria, largely driven by the curiosity to understand their as well as anaerobic methanotrophic bacteria particular physiology that leads to the production and archaea, are involved in methane oxidation. or consumption of methane. While this interest is In anoxic wetland soils, methanogens produce still a driver, the importance of methane as green- methane, while methanotrophs act as a flter house gas has become another important factor, and reduce methane emissions. In the predomi- promoting further research on methanogenic and nantly oxic upland soils, aerobic methanotrophs methanotrophic microorganisms. Tis leads to a oxidize atmospheric methane. Tis review gives continuously beter understanding of their physi- an overview of the diversity of methanogenic ology and ecology, and it becomes evident that and methanotrophic microorganisms, highlights the processes of microbial methane production recent discoveries and provides information and consumption are mediated by more com- concerning their occurrence in soils. Recent plex functional guilds than initially thought. Te fndings indicate that the methanogenic and improved understanding is not only due to the con- methanotrophic lifestyles are more widespread stantly increasing diversity of methanogenic and in microorganisms than previously thought, and methanotrophic microorganisms (e.g.
  • Variations in the Two Last Steps of the Purine Biosynthetic Pathway in Prokaryotes

    Variations in the Two Last Steps of the Purine Biosynthetic Pathway in Prokaryotes

    GBE Different Ways of Doing the Same: Variations in the Two Last Steps of the Purine Biosynthetic Pathway in Prokaryotes Dennifier Costa Brandao~ Cruz1, Lenon Lima Santana1, Alexandre Siqueira Guedes2, Jorge Teodoro de Souza3,*, and Phellippe Arthur Santos Marbach1,* 1CCAAB, Biological Sciences, Recoˆ ncavo da Bahia Federal University, Cruz das Almas, Bahia, Brazil 2Agronomy School, Federal University of Goias, Goiania,^ Goias, Brazil 3 Department of Phytopathology, Federal University of Lavras, Minas Gerais, Brazil Downloaded from https://academic.oup.com/gbe/article/11/4/1235/5345563 by guest on 27 September 2021 *Corresponding authors: E-mails: [email protected]fla.br; [email protected]. Accepted: February 16, 2019 Abstract The last two steps of the purine biosynthetic pathway may be catalyzed by different enzymes in prokaryotes. The genes that encode these enzymes include homologs of purH, purP, purO and those encoding the AICARFT and IMPCH domains of PurH, here named purV and purJ, respectively. In Bacteria, these reactions are mainly catalyzed by the domains AICARFT and IMPCH of PurH. In Archaea, these reactions may be carried out by PurH and also by PurP and PurO, both considered signatures of this domain and analogous to the AICARFT and IMPCH domains of PurH, respectively. These genes were searched for in 1,403 completely sequenced prokaryotic genomes publicly available. Our analyses revealed taxonomic patterns for the distribution of these genes and anticorrelations in their occurrence. The analyses of bacterial genomes revealed the existence of genes coding for PurV, PurJ, and PurO, which may no longer be considered signatures of the domain Archaea. Although highly divergent, the PurOs of Archaea and Bacteria show a high level of conservation in the amino acids of the active sites of the protein, allowing us to infer that these enzymes are analogs.
  • Distribution of Bathyarchaeota Communities Across Different Terrestrial Settings and Their Potential Ecological Functions

    Distribution of Bathyarchaeota Communities Across Different Terrestrial Settings and Their Potential Ecological Functions

    www.nature.com/scientificreports OPEN Distribution of Bathyarchaeota Communities Across Different Terrestrial Settings and Their Received: 17 October 2016 Accepted: 17 February 2017 Potential Ecological Functions Published: 21 March 2017 Xing Xiang1,*, Ruicheng Wang1,*, Hongmei Wang1,2, Linfeng Gong3, Baiying Man1 & Ying Xu1 High abundance and widespread distribution of the archaeal phylum Bathyarchaeota in marine environment have been recognized recently, but knowledge about Bathyarchaeota in terrestrial settings and their correlation with environmental parameters is fairly limited. Here we reported the abundance of Bathyarchaeota members across different ecosystems and their correlation with environmental factors by constructing 16S rRNA clone libraries of peat from the Dajiuhu Peatland, coupling with bioinformatics analysis of 16S rRNA data available to date in NCBI database. In total, 1456 Bathyarchaeota sequences from 28 sites were subjected to UniFrac analysis based on phylogenetic distance and multivariate regression tree analysis of taxonomy. Both phylogenetic and taxon-based approaches showed that salinity, total organic carbon and temperature significantly influenced the distribution of Bathyarchaeota across different terrestrial habitats. By applying the ecological concept of ‘indicator species’, we identify 9 indicator groups among the 6 habitats with the most in the estuary sediments. Network analysis showed that members of Bathyarchaeota formed the “backbone” of archaeal community and often co-occurred with Methanomicrobia.
  • Nov., Isolated from an Oil-Producing Well

    Nov., Isolated from an Oil-Producing Well

    International Journal of Systematic Bacteriology (1998), 48, 821-828 Printed in Great Britain Methanocalculus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov., isolated from an oil-producing well Bernard Ollivier,’ Marie-Laure Fardeau,l Jean-Luc Cayol,’ Michel Magot,’ Bharat K. C. Patel,3 Gerard Prensiep and Jean-Louis Garcia’ Author for correspondence: Bernard Ollivier. Tel: + 33 4 91 82 85 76. Fax: + 33 4 91 82 85 70. e-mail : [email protected] 1 Laboratoire ORSTOM de Two irregular coccoid methanogens designated SEBR 4845Tand FRlT were Microbiologie des isolated from an oilfield in Alsace, France. Strain SEBR 4845l (T = type strain) is AnaCrobies, UniversitC de Provence, 13288 Marseille a hydrogenotrophic halotolerant methanogen, which grows optimally at 5 O/O Cedex 9, France NaCl (whr) and tolerates up to 12O/0 NaCI. It does not use methylated * Sanofi Recherche, Groupe compounds and therefore cannot be ascribed to any of the known genera of Elf-Aquitaine, Unit6 de the halophilic methylotrophic methanogens. It differs from hydrogenotrophic Microbiologie, 31 676 members of the orders Methanococcales and Methanomicrobiales in the NaCl La b&ge Cedex, France growth range (0-12% NaCI), which is the widest reported to date for any 3 School of Biomolecular hydrogenotrophic methanogen. 165 rRNA gene sequence analysis indicated and Biomedical Sciences, Griffith University, Nathan that strain SEBR 4845l is a novel isolate for which a new genus is proposed, 41 11, Brisbane, Methanocalculus halotolerans gen. nov., sp. nov. (= OCM 4703 that might be Queensland, Australia indigenous to the oilfield ecosystem. Strain FRlT (= OCM 471) is a moderately 4 Laboratoire de halophilic methanogen which grows optimally at 10% NaCl and tolerates up to Microbiologie, UniversitC 20% NaCI.
  • Taxonomy and Ecology of Methanogens

    Taxonomy and Ecology of Methanogens

    View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Horizon / Pleins textes FEMS Microbiology Reviews 87 (1990) 297-308 297 Pubfished by Elsevier FEMSRE 00180 Taxonomy and ecology of methanogens J.L. Garcia Laboratoire de Microbiologie ORSTOM, Université de Provence, Marseille, France Key words: Methanogens; Archaebacteria; Taxonomy; Ecology 1. INTRODUCTION methane from CO2 using alcohols as hydrogen donors; 2-propanol is oxidized to acetone, and More fhan nine reviews on taxonomy of 2-butanol to 2-butanone. Carbon monoxide may methanogens have been published during the last also be converted into methane; most hydro- decade [l-91, after the discovery of the unique genotrophic species (60%) will also use formate. biochemical and genetic properties of these Some aceticlastic species are incapable of oxidiz- organisms led to the concept of Archaebacteria at ing H,. The aceticlastic species of the genus the end of the seventies. Moreover, important Methanosurcina are the most metabolically diverse economic factors have ,placed these bacteria in the methanogens, whereas the obligate aceticlastic limelight [5], including the need to develop alter- Methanosaeta (Methanothrix) can use only acetate. native forms of energy, xenobiotic pollution con- The taxonomy of the methanogenic bacteria trol, the enhancement of meat yields in the cattle has been extensively revised in the light of new industry, the distinction between biological and information based on comparative studies of 16 S thermocatalytic petroleum generation, and the rRNA oligonucleotide sequences, membrane lipid global distribution of methane in the earth's atmo- composition, and antigenic fingerprinting data. sphere. The phenotypic characteristics often do not pro- vide a sufficient means of distinguishing among taxa or determining the phylogenetic position of a 2.
  • Survival of Methanogenic Archaea from Siberian Permafrost Under Simulated Martian Thermal Conditions

    Survival of Methanogenic Archaea from Siberian Permafrost Under Simulated Martian Thermal Conditions

    Orig Life Evol Biosph DOI 10.1007/s11084-006-9024-7 Survival of Methanogenic Archaea from Siberian Permafrost under Simulated Martian Thermal Conditions Daria Morozova & Diedrich Möhlmann & Dirk Wagner Received: 8 March 2006 / Accepted in revised form: 9 August 2006 # Springer Science + Business Media B.V. 2006 Abstract Methanogenic archaea from Siberian permafrost complementary to the already well-studied methanogens from non-permafrost habitats were exposed to simulated Martian conditions. After 22 days of exposure to thermo-physical conditions at Martian low- and mid- latitudes up to 90% of methanogenic archaea from Siberian permafrost survived in pure cultures as well as in environmental samples. In contrast, only 0.3% –5.8% of reference organisms from non-permafrost habitats survived at these conditions. This suggests that methanogens from terrestrial permafrost seem to be remarkably resistant to Martian conditions. Our data also suggest that in scenario of subsurface lithoautotrophic life on Mars, methanogenic archaea from Siberian permafrost could be used as appropriate candidates for the microbial life on Mars. Keywords methanogenic archaea . permafrost . astrobiology . life on Mars . Mars simulation experiments Introduction Of all the planets explored by spacecrafts in the last four decades, Mars is considered as one of the most similar planets to Earth, even though it is characterized by extreme cold and dry conditions today. This view has been supported by the current ESA mission Mars Express, which identified several different forms of water on Mars and methane in the Martian atmosphere (Formisano 2004). Because of the expected short lifetime of methane, this trace gas could only originate from active volcanism – which was not yet observed on Mars – or from biological sources.