Eastern HVDC Link and

Associated Infrastructure Onshore Works

CONSULTATION DOCUMENT

Submitted by: Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Ltd

Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Limited (SHETL) Eastern HVDC Link Scotland Onshore Works (FINAL JANUARY 2012)

TABLE OF CONTENTS

1.0 INTRODUCTION...... 3

1.1 BACKGROUND...... 3 1.2 PURPOSE OF THE CONSULTATION DOCUMENT ...... 6 1.3 STRUCTURE OF THE DOCUMENT ...... 6 1.4 THE NEXT STAGES ...... 7 1.5 STATUTORY CONSENT PROCEDURE ...... 7 2.0 PROJECT NEED...... 9

2.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 9 2.2 TRANSMISSION LICENSEES STATUTORY AND LICENCE OBLIGATIONS ...... 12 3.0 PROJECT DESCRIPTION ...... 14

3.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 14 3.2 SUBSTATION...... 14 3.3 CONVERTER STATION ...... 14 3.4 UNDERGROUND HVDC CABLES ...... 14 3.5 CABLE LANDFALLS ...... 14 3.6 SUBSEA CABLES ...... 14 4.0 METHODOLOGY...... 16

4.1 OVERVIEW...... 16 4.2 REGIONAL REVIEW ...... 16 4.3 SITE, CORRIDOR AND LANDFALL SELECTION AND REVIEW...... 17 4.4 PREFERRED SITE, CORRIDOR AND LANDFALL REVIEW ...... 20 5.0 REGIONAL REVIEW ...... 21

5.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 21 5.2 OPTION AREA APPRAISAL ...... 21 5.3 TECHNICAL AND COMMERCIAL ASSESSMENT ...... 22 5.4 REGIONAL REVIEW SUMMARY ...... 22 6.0 ENVIRONMENTAL BASELINE ...... 23

6.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 23 6.2 OPTION AREA KEY FEATURES...... 23 6.3 PETERHEAD OPTION AREA ENVIRONMENTAL CONSTRAINTS SUMMARY ...... 26 6.4 SITE OPTIONS, CORRIDORS AND LANDFALL ...... 27 7.0 SITE, CORRIDOR AND LANDFALL REVIEW...... 37

7.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 37 7.2 SUBSTATION/ CONVERTER STATION OPTIONS ...... 37 7.3 HVDC CABLE CORRIDOR OPTIONS ...... 43

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7.4 LANDFALL OPTIONS...... 50 7.5 COMMERCIAL ASSESSMENT ...... 60 7.6 HEALTH AND SAFETY ASSESSMENT...... 60 7.7 ENGINEERING AND FUTURE DEVELOPMENT ...... 60 7.8 PREFERRED COMBINED OPTION...... 62 7.9 PREFERRED OPTION CONSULTATION ...... 63 8.0 PREFERRED SITE, CORRIDOR AND LANDFALL REVIEW...... 65

8.1 INTRODUCTION ...... 65 8.2 CONCEPTUAL LAYOUTS AND DETAILED CORRIDORS...... 65

TEXT FIGURES

Figure 1.1 – Eastern HVDC Link Figure 1.2 – Eastern HVDC Link Schematic Figure 2.1 – Cumulative generation capacity Figure 2.2 – Transmission capacity requirements at the border between SHETL and SP Transmission Figure 7.1 – Sandford Bay - Near shore constraints Figure 7.2 – - Near shore constraints Figure 7.3 – North of Peterhead - Near shore constraints

APPENDICES FIGURES

Figure 1 – Regional Review Figure 2 – Environmental Baseline Figure 3a – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Options Figure 3b – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Corridor Options Figure 4 (Map 1 to 5) – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Environmental Designations Figure 5 (Map 1 to 5) – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review – Planning Designations Figure 6 – Peterhead Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Aerial Figure 7 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Site Option 1 Figure 8 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Site Option 2 Figure 9 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Site Option 3 Figure 10 – Substation and Converter Station Elevations Figure 11 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Corridor to Sandford Bay

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1.0 Introduction

1.1 Background

1.1.1.1 The European Union has set a target that 15% of Europe’s energy requirements shall be met from renewable resources by 2020. The Scottish Government aims to exceed this, by achieving 100% of the demand within Scotland (demand being defined as gross consumption) for electricity being met from renewable sources by 2020. Scottish Hydro- Electric Transmission Ltd (SHETL) is committed to playing its part in ensuring that Scotland takes full advantage of its renewable energy potential.

1.1.1.2 At present the electricity transmission system between Scotland and England is operating at capacity via two cross-border 400 kV transmission lines. The amount of power that needs to be moved across this part of the system continues to grow and will exceed current capacity.

Figure 1.1 – Eastern HVDC Link

Peterhead

Teesside

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1.1.1.3 Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Ltd (SHETL) and National Grid Electricity Transmission plc (NGET) are accordingly proposing the development of an Eastern High Voltage Direct Current (HVDC) Link between Scotland and England (as shown on 1.1).

1.1.1.4 The Eastern HVDC link will increase the electricity transmission capacity between the North and the South of the UK by approximately 2 GW. It will use Direct Current (DC) technology to reinforce the existing UK transmission system and move electricity across the country in very large volumes. DC electricity is created and transmitted by converting conventional Alternating Current (AC) electricity into DC electricity at a converter station for onwards transmission at high voltages. At the other end of the high voltage cable, DC electricity is converted back to AC electricity at a second converter station and then transmitted through the AC system for onwards distribution to homes and businesses.

1.1.1.5 A schematic of the Eastern HVDC link is shown on Figure 1.2. In Scotland this project initially requires the construction of the following electricity transmission equipment:

• A HVDC Converter station

• A 400kV Substation; and

• Cable corridor for two HVDC cables to land at the shoreline and connect to the converter station.

1.1.1.6 It is noted that the proposed completion date for the Eastern HVDC Link is 2018. However, the 400kV substation will be required by 2016 for connecting offshore renewables into the transmission system at Peterhead. The existing 275kV overhead line between Peterhead and will also be reinforced by replacement of the overhead line insulators. In these circumstances the 400kV substation will be completed as part of the offshore renewables connection project in 2016. The Eastern HVDC Link would subsequently utilise this existing substation following the completion of the HVDC Converter station in 2018.

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Figure 1.2 – Eastern HVDC Link Schematic

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1.2 Purpose of the Consultation Document

1.2.1.1 The primary purpose of this Consultation Document is to disclose the work undertaken to date to refine the onshore options for the construction and operation of the Eastern HVDC link in the Peterhead area. The document describes the process by which the sites and cable corridor options for the key components of the link in Scotland have been identified and selected. It is SHETL and NGET’s intention to seek feedback from key consultees at an early stage so that the potential works can be appropriately informed.

1.2.1.2 It is SHETL and NGET’s intention to produce three Eastern HVDC Link consultation documents as follows:

• Scotland Onshore Works (this document);

• Marine Works; and

• England Onshore Works.

1.2.1.3 Any comments in respect of the project would be welcomed. Comments can be sent to:

Matthew Barnette – Lead Environmental Project Manager

Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Limited

Inveralmond House, 200 Dunkeld Road, Perth PH1 3AQ

[email protected]

1.2.1.4 All comments received will be considered as part of the decision making process to finalise the proposed options on which environmental impact assessment and consent applications will be made. It is proposed that a public exhibition will also be held on February 29th between 3.00 PM and 7.00 PM at Braes Hotel in Boddam where further comments can be made.

1.3 Structure of the Document

1.3.1.1 The contents of this report are structured as follows:

• Section 1 – Introduction;

• Section 2 – Project Need;

• Section 3 – Project Description;

• Section 4 – Methodology – sets out the methodologies used for each phase of works from the Regional Review through to selection of layout options and a detailed corridor;

• Section 5 – Regional Review – a high level review of potential grid connection points in northeast Scotland;

• Section 6 – Environmental Baseline – describes the baseline of the study area following regional review and options;

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• Section 7 – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - identifies the preferred site for the converter and substation, landfall and associated corridor linking the two; and

• Section 8 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - identifies indicative options for the converter and substation and a more detailed corridor for the HVDC cable linking into the preferred landfall.

1.4 The next stages

1.4.1 Selection of the overall proposed option

1.4.1.1 On conclusion of the consultation period, all comments and responses made during the period will be considered.

1.4.1.2 These responses, together with the assessment undertaken as part of an Environmental Impact Assessment (EIA) process, detailed below, will be used to develop and refine the preferred option, in order to minimise the effects of the transmission infrastructure on the environment and the people of the area, and provide a cost effective solution that meets the technical requirements. It is intended that the result of this will be the selection of the proposed option for which consent applications will be made.

1.4.2 Environmental Impact Assessment

1.4.2.1 SHETL will undertake EIA for the proposed works in the Peterhead area. The EIA will encompass the findings of desktop searches, specialist baseline surveys, further consultation where required and technical assessment to provide a robust appraisal of the likely environmental effects of the project components during the construction and operation, and the identification of appropriate mitigation measures to eliminate, reduce or offset these effects. Studies would be taken in accordance with approved methodologies and/ or industry best practice.

1.4.2.2 In order to define the scope of the EIA, scoping with statutory authorities and selected key consultees will be undertaken to request their opinion as to the information to be provided within the EIA. A scoping report will be produced which will make reference to this consultation document and to the comments received during the consultation process.

1.5 Statutory Consent Procedure

1.5.1 Planning Permission

1.5.1.1 The proposed substation and converter station developments will be undertaken in accordance with the requirements of the Town and Country Planning (Scotland) Act 1997 (as amended). Both developments would be categorised as major development (as the 400kV substation and converter station would each be over 2 hectares). In line with this categorisation, SHETL would be required to enter into pre-application consultations (PAC) with the local authority, providing formal notice of the intent to submit an application for consent at least 12 weeks in advance of its submission.

1.5.1.2 In addition, a Design and Access Statement would be prepared and submitted as part of the planning application supporting information. This would set out the design principles and concepts that have been applied to the project, including:

• Aspects such as the policies applied to the design concept;

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• In respect of access to the site - the way in which the project has taken the context of its setting into consideration; and

• Public consultation that has been carried out in respect of the project and the way in which the outcomes of that consultation have influenced the design of the development.

1.5.1.3 The determination period for major developments is four months (or longer if an extension is agreed between SHETL and the planning authority), during which time the application is registered and consultations with statutory bodies are undertaken. This period also allows for a pre-determination hearing, if required (generally if the development is significantly contrary to the development plan). The Regulations anticipate that major developments would normally be dealt with by committee, though delegation to a planning officer is not precluded.

1.5.1.4 Separate applications for planning permission will be made to Council (AC) for the development of the proposed substation and converter station. Neighbour notifications will be undertaken by AC as part of the application process and notice of the application for planning permission will be placed in local newspapers, to provide the opportunity for representations to be made. AC will also carry out a separate consultation exercise as part of the planning application process.

1.5.1.5 The laying of underground electricity cables is deemed ‘permitted development’ under class 40 of the Town and Country Planning (General Permitted Development) (Scotland) Order 1992 and as such will not require planning permission.

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2.0 Project Need

2.1 Introduction

2.1.1.1 The need case for the Eastern HVDC link and associated onshore AC reinforcement works is based on SHETL’s statutory and licence obligations as the transmission license holder for the north of Scotland. These obligations relate to the development of an economic, efficient and coordinated transmission network in order to provide adequate transmission capacity for customers in the north of Scotland who wish to connect to and use the transmission system. It is essential that network security is maintained as demand and generation connected to the network changes over time.

2.1.1.2 The Eastern HVDC link and associated onshore AC reinforcement works are essential within SHETL’s area and in the wider GB context to facilitate the connection of renewable generation in the north of Scotland and to enable the necessary increased power transfers on the GB electricity grid. There is a strong need case to progress these reinforcement works and SHETL is developing a coordinated programme of works to deliver these projects by the required date.

2.1.1.3 Significant amounts of renewable generation have already connected to the SHETL system and significantly more are expected to connect in the coming years. Figure 2.1 below, shows the total volume of generation that is forecast to connect to the SHETL system in future years1. Due to the relatively low electricity demand in the SHETL area (less that 3% of GB demands) the high volumes of generation will lead to higher power transfers through the SHETL network into the Scottish Central Belt and into Northern England.

Figure 2.1 - Cumulative generation capacity in the SHETL area up to year 2022/23

11000 Tidal 10000 Wave

9000 Offshore Wind Onshore Wind 8000 Hydro

[MW] CHP 7000 Pumped Storage 6000 CCGT Capacity

5000

4000 Generation

3000 Total

2000

1000

0

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2.1.1.4 As a result of the increasing generation, SHETL is progressing a number of transmission reinforcement schemes to provide the necessary transmission capacity in accordance with the National Electricity Transmission System Security and Quality of Supply Standard (NETS SQSS). These schemes include the Beauly-Denny 400kV overhead line and various conductor replacement and substation projects north and east of Beauly. However, due to the predicted sustained increase in power flows on the transmission system, the capacity provided by these reinforcement schemes will not be sufficient to meet future requirements, hence further reinforcements are required.

2.1.1.5 The proposed additional reinforcement schemes focus on the eastern part of the SHETL transmission network. These include the East Coast onshore 400kV upgrade using existing towers from Blackhillock to Kincardine in ScottishPower’s Transmission area, together with installation of quadrature boosters (QBs) at Blackhillock and the reconfiguration of Errochty substation. They also include the Peterhead to Rothienorman 400kV upgrade. Completion dates for these projects range from 2016 for the East Coast onshore 400kV upgrade, Blackhillock QBs and Peterhead to Rothienorman 400kV upgrade to 2017 for the Errochty substation reconfiguration and 2018 for the Eastern HVDC link.

2.1.1.6 Figure 2.2 shows the required network capacity for a central generation background. Upper and lower generation sensitivity cases have also been considered. Also shown is the actual capacity of the network illustrating the step increases in capacity that is realised with the planned reinforcements. The required transfer level is determined in accordance with the NETS SQSS which reflects the economic level of transmission capacity that strikes a balance between the infrastructure investment cost, system operational costs as well as system security.

1 The generation profile is based on the 2011 Gone Green scenario which has been developed to meet government targets for renewable generation by 2020 and beyond.

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Figure 2.2 - Transmission capacity requirements at the border between SHETL and SP Transmission (also showing actual capacity with reinforcements)

y 7500 7000 6500 6000 Required Transfer Capacity 5500 Actual Capacity of Network 5000

4500

[MW] Capacity 4000

3500 East Coast 3000 HVDC Link Network

2500 Errochty Reconfiguration 2000 East Coast 400kV & Transmission 1500 Blackhillock QBs 1000 Beauly‐Denny 500 0 2010 2011 2012 2013 2014 2015 2016 2017 2018 2019 2020 2021 2022

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2.1.1.7 Beyond 2017, the Eastern HVDC link has been proposed as the best technical and economic solution to meet the future capacity requirements of the GB transmission. The HVDC technology is particularly suited for bulk power transfer over long distances. This scheme not only reinforces the SHETL system but also increases capacity on the central and southern Scotland network as well as the north of England network.

2.1.1.8 The Eastern HVDC scheme works consist of the construction of a circa 2GW HVDC converter station at a suitable location at Peterhead and the installation of subsea HVDC cables from the converter station to the north of England. Associated SHETL onshore AC reinforcement works are also required to integrate the high capacity HVDC link at Peterhead to the mainland transmission system. This will be achieved through the construction of a new 400kV substation in the vicinity of the existing 275kV substation at Peterhead to which it will be connected. The 275kV double circuit line between Peterhead and Rothienorman 400kV substation2 will be re-insulated to operate at 400kV using the existing towers and connected to the new 400kV substation at Peterhead.

2.1.1.9 To progress the development of the Eastern HVDC link, SHETL and NGET are working together to advance the design of this project with a view to completion in 2018, however due to the connection of the offshore renewable generation at Peterhead in 2016 and also to interface with the East Coast 400kV onshore project due for completion in 2016, the new Peterhead 400kV substation and the Peterhead – Rothienorman re-insulation projects are programmed for completion in 2016.

2.1.1.10 On the wider GB transmission network, NGET and ScottishPower Transmission (SPT) are also carrying out significant reinforcement projects to address the increasing volumes of onshore and offshore renewable generation. These include construction of an HVDC link on the west coast between Hunterston and North Wales. SHETL is working closely with SPT and NGET in facilitating the connection and effective management of generation on its network through coordinated, efficient and economic transmission investment.

2.1.1.11 A study jointly commissioned by the UK government’s Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and OFGEM, and progressed by the Electricity Networks Strategy Group (ENSG) 3, gives an overview of the future transmission network developments required to address the European Union (EU) target for 15% of the UK’s energy to be produced from renewable sources by 2020. The ENSG report4 of 2009 includes both the east and west HVDC links in addition to AC onshore reinforcement works. An update to this report is expected in January 2012.

2.2 Transmission Licensees Statutory and Licence Obligations

2.2.1.1 The primary legislation governing the electricity supply industry in Great Britain is the Electricity Act 1989 (as amended). Under this legislation the Secretary of State may grant a licence authorising the holder of that licence to participate in the transmission of electricity in an authorised area. In exercising these powers under the Electricity Act the Secretary of State has determined standard and special licence conditions which licensees must comply with and which are included in SHETL’s transmission licence. These conditions include the following:

2 The Rothienorman 400kV substation will be constructed as part of the East Coast 400kV upgrade, planned for completion in 2016 3 The ENSG is jointly chaired by the Department of Energy and Climate Change (DECC) and Office of Gas and Electricity Markets (OFGEM) and its broad aim is to identify and co‐ordinate work to help address key strategic issues that affect the transition of electricity networks to a low‐carbon future. 4 Our Electricity Transmission Network: A Vision for 2020, Electricity Networks Strategy Group, March 2009, available online: http://webarchive.nationalarchives.gov.uk/20100919181607/http:/www.ensg.gov.uk/assets/1696-01-ensg_vision2020.pdf

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• To permit the development, maintenance and operation of an efficient, co-ordinated and economical system for the transmission of electricity;

• To facilitate competition in the generation and supply of electricity (and without limiting the foregoing, to facilitate the licensee’s transmission system being made available to persons authorised to supply or generate electricity on terms which neither prevent nor restrict competition in the supply or generation of electricity);

• To promote the security and efficiency of the electricity generation, transmission and distribution systems in England and Wales or Scotland, each taken as a whole; and

• To have regard for the environment and do what they reasonably can to mitigate any effect any proposals would have on the environment.

2.2.1.2 SHETL is the holder of the transmission licence for the north of Scotland and, in addition, as part of the transmission licence, SHETL has a number of related obligations to offer non-discriminatory terms for connection to the transmission system for both new generation and new sources of electricity demand. SHETL is also obliged to facilitate competition in generation connections.

2.2.1.3 In accordance with the Electricity Act 1989, electricity transmission companies are required to install and keep installed an efficient, co-ordinated and economical system of electricity transmission. Paragraph 3 of Schedule 9 of the Act also requires them to:

• Have regard to the desirability of preserving natural beauty, of conserving flora, fauna and geological or physiographical features of special interest and of protecting sites, buildings and objects of architectural, historic or archaeological interest; and

• Do what they reasonably can to mitigate any effect which the proposals would have on the natural beauty of the countryside or on any such flora, fauna, features, sites, buildings or objects.

2.2.1.4 SHETL are therefore required to consider technical, economic and environmental issues and to achieve a balance between these.

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3.0 Project Description

3.1 Introduction

3.1.1.1 The following describes the key components of the Eastern HVDC link. Figure 1.2 provides a schematic diagram of how those components relate. Elevations of the substation and converter station are shown on Figure 10.

3.2 Substation

3.2.1.1 An important element of the project will be to provide connections able to transfer electricity from the north to the south of the UK, in a form that is compatible with those systems (i.e. Alternating Current (AC)). The substation will link into the existing transmission network in Scotland via existing overhead lines or cables. The substation will also house transformers and associated equipment as well as the Gas Insulated Switchgear (GIS) building and the overall footprint will be approximately 170m by 110m and with a height of 18m. As previously explained this 400kV substation is currently envisaged to be completed in 2016 as part of SHETL’s commitment to connect offshore renewable generation at Peterhead.

3.3 Converter station

3.3.1.1 Prior to electricity being exported from the transmission system in Scotland, there will be a requirement to convert its AC form into DC. In order to achieve this, specialist equipment will be required in the form of a converter station. A converter station will be housed within an industrial type building with dimensions of 300m by 150m and an approximate height of 25m.

3.4 Underground HVDC cables

3.4.1.1 Delivery of the DC form of electricity from the converter station is achieved via an onshore underground HVDC cable, connecting the converter station to a landfall (i.e. the interface between the onshore and offshore environment) and onwards subsea HVDC cable. The exact configuration of the onshore cable will be subject to detailed design analysis in consultation with specialist cable manufacturers.

3.5 Cable landfalls

3.5.1.1 The cable landfalls are the main area of interaction between the onshore and offshore components of the project. At each landfall a larger working area will be required, with a footprint in the order of 30m by 30m, where the onshore and offshore cables are joined together in one underground jointing chamber. This will accommodate the joint bays and other temporary construction equipment required to land the subsea HVDC cable and connect it to the onshore underground HVDC cable.

3.6 Subsea cables

3.6.1.1 Subsea HVDC cables will be routed from a landfall in Scotland to a landfall in England and will comprise the majority of the project in terms of its development footprint (albeit wholly subsea). The subsea cable will generally be similar to the onshore DC cables except that it is likely to require thicker or additional armouring to protect the cable both during and following installation. The exact configuration of the subsea cable will be subject to detailed design.

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3.6.1.2 Options analysis was carried out with the view to selecting preferred options to be taken forward for further scrutiny. This report describes the results of this process.

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4.0 Methodology

4.1 Overview

4.1.1.1 Based on the current understanding of the project a process of site and route option/ alternatives identification and appraisal was required. For the Eastern HVDC Link and associated infrastructure this has comprised three phases of work within Scotland, as follows:

• Regional Review – to identify a geographical location for the landing the HVDC cable in Scotland and the location of a HVDC converter station and associated infrastructure;

• Site, Corridor and Landfall Selection and Review – to identify a number of options/ alternatives for the converter station and substation within the geographical location identified within the Regional Review.

• Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review – to identify options/ alternatives for the location of the substation and converter station within the preferred site and a more detailed corridor for the onshore HVDC cable linking the preferred site to the preferred landfall.

4.1.1.2 Parallel offshore marine routing and onshore England studies have been completed in parallel with the onshore work in Scotland.

4.1.1.3 The following sets out the methodology used to arrive at the preferred site, corridor and landfall for the Eastern HVDC Link and associated infrastructure within Scotland. In accordance with SHETL’s license requirements each stage of optioneering has been guided by technical, economic and environmental factors.

4.2 Regional Review

4.2.1.1 The initial phase of works focussed on the collation of environmental baseline data within an established Area of Search (AoS). Five potential grid connection points were then identified within the AoS (as shown on Figure 1) namely:

• Beauly Substation;

• Blackhillock Substation;

• Peterhead Substation;

• A greenfield site near to ; and

• Tealing Substation.

4.2.1.2 The next step within this phase of works was to identify ‘Option Areas’ within the AoS, largely based upon a 10km radius around the grid connection points listed above. In certain cases, primarily for Beauly, Blackhillock and Tealing, the 10km radius had to be extended seawards in order to afford sufficient area for subsequent landfall option selection.

4.2.1.3 The Option Areas were then reviewed against known environmental constraints, which concluded with a ranking of the Option Areas in order to identify a preference and to inform

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subsequent phases of the process. A summary of this process is included at the start of the Section 5.

4.2.1.4 Initial Engagement

4.2.1.5 Initial statutory stakeholder consultation was carried out in March 2011. These initial stages of consultation were concerned with informing key consultees of the project concept. At this stage the key consultees were invited to provide comments or raise concerns relating to the project in order to facilitate a robust appraisal of potential issues that could arise, and to ensure that any contentious issues could be identified and addressed early during the planning phases of the project. The key consultees consulted at this stage were:

• Aberdeenshire Council (Buchan);

• City and Shire Strategic Development;

• Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH);

• Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA);

• Marine Scotland;

• Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC) and the

• Scottish Fishing Federation (SFF).

4.2.1.6 A preliminary site inspection was also undertaken in March 2011 to gain a broad understanding of the Peterhead region from the ground to help inform the site selection, corridor and landfall selection process. Covering a large area from publicly accessible roads and footpaths initial ideas for sites and landfalls were generated.

4.3 Site, Corridor and Landfall Selection and Review

4.3.1.1 The aim of this phase of works was to identify options/ alternatives for the converter station and substation within the preferred geographical location identified within the Regional Review.

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4.3.1.2 Another important guiding principle was to ensure that the data collated and analysed was appropriately detailed for the level of review being undertaken.

4.3.1.3 Within this context, a simple but effective approach to the review was taken starting with baseline data collection for the preferred Regional Option Area. Adding to that already collated for the purposes of the Regional Review, the data largely consisted of information gained via consultation with key consultees.

4.3.1.4 Design Workshop

4.3.1.5 Following the collation of more detailed baseline data, an internal design workshop was held in June 2011 between SHETL and their environmental consultants. Applying the following key principles, four substation/ converter station site options were identified for further assessment:

• Availability of space to accommodate the proposed development;

• Minimising the extent of, or need for, ‘new build’ supporting infrastructure as far as practicable i.e. additional diversion cabling or overhead lines to connect to the existing transmission system;

• Minimising close proximity to properties as far as practicable;

• Minimising potential direct impacts upon key environmental receptors including natural heritage, cultural heritage, and landscape and visual receptors;

• Availability of natural and / or existing screening in the landscape;

• Availability of suitable access; and

• Minimising the sterilisation of land for known planned development (primarily those allocated within statutory local plans and potential future grid connection developments).

4.3.1.6 As appropriate, these same principles were also used to select corridor options that would facilitate access for the terrestrial HVDC cable from each converter/ substation option to the identified landfalls.

4.3.1.7 Detailed Site Inspections

4.3.1.8 Following the identification of the options detailed site inspections were conducted. Technical specialists involved in the site inspection included engineering, landscape architecture, ecology and EIA specialists with an understanding in planning aspects, noise, cultural heritage and environmental management. The focus of the fieldwork was to:

• Verify the data captured during the desk based element of the study, as far as practicable;

• Identify further constraints that may be present that had not been picked up through the desk based element of the study; and

• Undertake a field appraisal of the options in order to inform the overall selection process.

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4.3.1.9 With respect to the converter/ substation site options, an appraisal pro-forma was used in order to capture the key characteristics of each option.

4.3.1.10 With respect to the corridor options, due to the linear and extensive nature of each, a vantage point appraisal was undertaken for each. Targeted notes indentifying key Pinch Points (PP) were noted to reflect key observations and potential constraints to routing site selection and cable routing. A photographic record was also developed for each key vantage point. Together with the desk based data, this information has been used to inform the appraisal of the site and cable corridor options.

4.3.1.11 With respect to the landfalls, a visit was taken to each location and an appraisal undertaken taking account of access, availability of space and general habitat composition on site.

4.3.1.12 Site and Corridor Option Review Criteria

4.3.1.13 Based upon the desk based data and observations made during the site visit, a review of the site, corridor and landfall options was undertaken.

4.3.1.14 Each converter/ substation, corridor and landfall option was appraised against the following aspects:

• Geology/ soils;

• Hydrology;

• Protected species/ Ornithology;

• Habitats;

• Cultural heritage;

• Landscape character;

• Visual impact;

• Land/ water use;

• Access and recreation;

• Noise; and

• Traffic/ transportation.

4.3.1.15 For each aspect, a judgement was made as to the potential significance of effect that the options could have in line with the criteria described in Appendix 2. For each of the above aspects, these judgements and the application of the criteria have been made based upon a combination of the following:

• The number, type, proximity and extent of constraints/ designations/ receptors potentially effected by the options;

• The field observations recorded during the site visit; and

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• Professional judgement.

4.3.1.16 In each case the effects resulting from construction and operation have been considered. In addition and as previously outlined, this work also considered the engineering, cost, health and safety and future proofing of the options.

4.3.1.17 Section 8 summarises the results of the appraisal of the site and corridor options, culminating in the identification of the preferred combination of options i.e. the optimal solution based upon the balance between environmental, technical and economic considerations.

4.3.1.18 Key Onshore Scotland Consultee Workshops

4.3.1.19 As a continuation of the initial engagement a further key Onshore Scotland consultee workshop was held on the 15th August 2011 for the purposes of discussing the options identified and potential preferences. The Peterhead workshop included a technical presentation of assessed options within the Peterhead Area and additional site visits. The attendees were:

• Aberdeen City and Shire Strategic Development;

• Aberdeenshire Council (Buchan)

• Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH);

• Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA);

• Marine Scotland;

• Joint Nature Conservation Committee (JNCC).

4.3.1.20 The results of that workshop have been taken into account within the study.

4.3.1.21 Additional separate consultation was conducted with the Scottish Fishing Federation (SFF) to discuss preferences for cable landing and subsea survey routes.

4.4 Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review

4.4.1.1 Following Site, Corridor and Landfall Review, three potential layouts for the converter station, substation and associated connections including a more detailed 250m wide corridor for the onshore underground cable have been presented within Section 8 of this document. The purpose of this is to help focus consultation responses for the selection of a proposed converter/ substation, underground HVDC cable and landfall which will be subject to further environmental, technical and economic assessment as the project progresses.

4.4.1.2 Following feedback from this consultation document and public exhibitions SHETL intends to submit a scoping request for the proposed project to key consultees. The scoping document will identify any potential environmental effects and propose methodology for additional baseline data collection and effects assessment.

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5.0 Regional Review

5.1 Introduction

5.1.1.1 The information provided in the following section provides an over-arching description of the key environmental sensitivities within the Preferred Option Area and then follows with more detailed environmental information on the various site, landfall and corridor options within.

5.1.1.2 With regard to the baseline description for the North East Scotland wide Area of Search, a brief description of the high level environmental constraints which were used to inform the preferred Regional Option Area is provided below.

5.1.1.3 Baseline data on potential environmental constraints was collated for the North East Scotland Area of Search from a range of publically available sources as listed in Appendix 3 and shown in Figure 1.

5.2 Option Area Appraisal

5.2.1.1 Comparing the occurrence of environmental constraints across the Area of Search, each Option Area was appraised. A summary of each is provided below:

5.2.2 Peterhead

5.2.2.1 Peterhead has the lowest total number of constraints and there are no unavoidable constraints. The distance of the connection point to the coastline is relatively short. Although there is the Buchan Ness to Coast Special Protected Area (SPA), Buchan Ness to Collieston Special Area of Conservation (SAC) and Coast Site of Special Scientific Interest (SSSI) in the coastal zone, these are avoidable.

5.2.3 Beauly

5.2.3.1 Beauly has a higher number of constraints compared with Peterhead, with one unavoidable constraint in the form of the Moray Firth SPA. The connection point to the coastline is constrained by numerous designations especially in the coastal zone. The connection point to the coastline is constrained by the City of Inverness. The connection point to the coast is further constrained by the many watercourses within this option area.

5.2.4 Blackhillock

5.2.4.1 Blackhillock has a higher number of constraints compared with Peterhead, but there are no unavoidable constraints. The distance of the connection point to the coastline is longest of all the options. Although there are Ramsar, SPA, SAC, SSSI and conservation areas constraints within the coastal zone, these are avoidable. The connection point to the coast is further constrained by the many watercourses within this option area.

5.2.5 Stonehaven

5.2.5.1 Although exhibiting less than Beauly, Blackhillock and Tealing, Stonehaven has a higher number of constraints compared with Peterhead, and there are no unavoidable constraints. As with Peterhead the distance of the connection point to the coastline is relatively short. Although there are Ramsar, SPA, SAC, SSSI and conservation area constraints within the coastal zone these are avoidable. The connection point to the

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coastline is constrained by Stonehaven. The connection point to the coast is further constrained by the many watercourses within this option area.

5.2.6 Tealing

5.2.6.1 Tealing has a higher number of constraints compared with Peterhead, but there are no unavoidable constraints. As with Peterhead, the distance of the connection point to the coastline is relatively short. Although there are Ramsar, SPA, SAC, SSSI and conservation area constraints within the coastal zone these are avoidable. The connection point to the coastline is constrained by Dundee and Carnoustie and a continuous line of constraints between. The connection point to the coast is further constrained by the many watercourses within this option area.

5.2.6.2 In conclusion, the findings of the above environmental appraisal indicated the following order of preference for Option Areas:

• Peterhead;

• Stonehaven;

• Tealing;

• Blackhillock; and

• Beauly.

5.3 Technical and Commercial Assessment

5.3.1.1 With regard to the technical assessment firstly the extent of the local or wider area knock- on transmission works that would be required for each option were considered. Peterhead was identified as the preferred option with the least associated works (new build or reinforcement works other than those already identified). The technical assessment also considered the network capacity headroom and space (footprint) to expand and Peterhead, Stonehavan and Tealing were considered the best in this respect.

5.3.1.2 The commercial assessment concluded that there would be little difference between Peterhead, Stonehaven and Tealing with the longer cable required for Peterhead being offset by the reinforcement works required for the other two. Therefore, and on balance, the Peterhead option was identified as the preferred with regard to the technical and commercial assessment.

5.4 Regional Review Summary

5.4.1.1 Based upon these findings, the Peterhead Option Area was taken forwards into the Site and Corridor Selection and Review study in order to identify site and route options for the substation, converter station, HVDC corridor, and landfall. This phase of the work is discussed in detail in Section 7. A description of the environmental baseline for this area with more detailed information on the various site, corridor and landfall options is provided in Section 6.

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6.0 Environmental Baseline

6.1 Introduction

6.1.1.1 Building on the data collected for the Regional Review additional data was collated for the purposes of the Site and Corridor Selection and Review study. The additional data was sourced primarily from the following:

• Statutory local plans;

• Letter based consultations and requests for information; and

• Data sets available from relevant qualified bodies e.g. geological and soils data from the British Geological Society (BGS) and Agricultural Land Classification (ALC) from the Macaulay Land Use Research Institute.

6.1.1.2 Appendix 3 summarises the data collated for the purposes of this study, which is also shown in Figure 2. The baseline data has been captured to form a constraints map for the Peterhead Option Area using OS 1:10,000 scale base mapping.

6.2 Peterhead Option Area Key Features

6.2.1.1 The Peterhead Option Area is centred around the existing 275kV Peterhead Substation, which is located to the south of Peterhead between this coastal settlement and the village of Boddam. A 10km radius has been used to generate the Option Area which includes the eastern facing coastline to the north and south of Peterhead and the predominantly agricultural land to the west.

6.2.1.2 Peterhead is a large coastal settlement with fishing and industry as it main employment. As shown on Figure 2 Peterhead Power Station and associated electricity infrastructure including the 275kV substation and overhead 132kV and 275kV lines are located to the south of this settlement along the A90.

6.2.1.3 The key features of the Peterhead Option Area are summarised below:

6.2.2 Roads

6.2.2.1 There are four roads, these are:

• A90 – Edinburgh to ;

• A950 – Peterhead and A98 at ;

• A975 – A90 Nr Newburgh to A90 ; and

• A982 – Peterhead South A90 Junction to Peterhead North A90 Junction.

6.2.2.2 The area is not served by rail however there is a historic disused railway which links Peterhead Prison to a former quarry near Boddam. Furthermore, there is a disused railway which now forms the long distance footpath called the Fortmartine to Buchan Way, running in a westerly direction from Peterhead.

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6.2.3 Watercourses, Water Supply and Wastewater Treatment

6.2.3.1 There are 38 watercourses within the study area, this includes the , South Ugie Water and the North Ugie Water and their associated tributaries.

6.2.3.2 Morris Well, a series of natural springs located to the south west of Peterhead, has been a long standing supply of water to the town. The various watercourses and small tributaries throughout the area are also a supply of water to farmsteads.

6.2.3.3 There is a sewage treatment works to the south of Peterhead.

6.2.4 Land Use and Ownership

6.2.4.1 Within the Peterhead Option Area land use is primarily agricultural with a coastal edge which consists of sand dunes and rocky cliffs. Plantation woodland is also prevalent within the option area. Developed areas include the port town of Peterhead and associated industries including a power station. Recreational facilities include local leisure facilities associated with towns and, away from settlements, golf courses to the north and south of Peterhead. The main industries in the Peterhead Option Area include Peterhead Power Station, agriculture and fishing associated with the port. Score Energy, which specialise in gas generators are located to the south of Peterhead. Gas Terminal is a mile north of the option area.

6.2.5 Communities

6.2.5.1 The main communities include the port town of Peterhead with outlier villages to the south including Boddam and Bay of Cruden. Fishing is one of the main industries in Peterhead but growth in the renewable energy sector also provides employment opportunities for residents. Villages inland of Peterhead include and Hatton.

6.2.6 Pipelines

6.2.6.1 Running inland in a westerly direction from Peterhead Power Station there are three underground gas pipelines. Offshore pipelines associated with the various bays around the Peterhead coastline are as follows:

• Sandford Bay – outflow pipes associated with the sewage treatment works and power station;

• Bay of Cruden – a number of pipelines associated with the Forties oilfield and the CNS cable make landfall; and

• Bay North of Peterhead – two offshore pipelines.

6.2.7 Near Shore Fishing Interests

6.2.7.1 In the Peterhead near shore area the main types of fishing are potting/ whelking, scallop dredging and demersal stern trawling. Anchorages and harbours around the Peterhead coastline include:

• Sandford Bay – small fishing port near Boddam associated with recreational and/ or smaller inshore fishing vessels. No anchorage area or places of refuge exist within the vicinity of Sandford Bay;

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• Bay of Cruden – harbour located on the northern shore associated with recreational and/ or smaller inshore fishing vessels. Recommended anchoring area with no defined limits located within central position within the bay; and

• Bay north of Peterhead – small boat harbour to south at associated with recreational and/ or smaller inshore fishing vessels.

6.2.8 Geology / Hydrogeology

6.2.8.1 The predominate geology throughout the Peterhead region is granite overlain by a drift geology typically of till with some minor deposits of alluvium associated with the main watercourses, localised discreet peat deposits and some areas of wind blown sand along coastal regions. These wind blown sands are likely to be in the form of semi mobile dunes.

6.2.8.2 With regards to hydrogeology, surface water generally drains in an eastern direction, towards the coast. Glacial till deposits can be regarded as essentially impermeable whilst significant ground water is likely to be present within the alluvial deposits.

6.2.9 Planning and Key Projects

6.2.9.1 The Local Development Plan identified important land use allocations including Developed \ Undeveloped Coast, Proposed Development Areas, Regeneration Priority Areas, Area of Landscape Sensitivity and Mineral Areas. Planning Designations are shown on Figures 5 (Map 1 – 5).

6.2.9.2 Within the Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan 2009 Interim SEA the Peterhead area is identified as a strategic growth area. Furthermore, within the Main Issues report for Aberdeen City and Shire Strategic Development and Planning Authority the Peterhead Area is identified as a regeneration priority area. In addition to the Eastern HVDC link a number of key projects are identified within this report to promote economic growth in the area:

• National Renewables Infrastructure Plan – subsea cluster to bring expertise in installing, operating and maintaining offshore wind farms using land near the port of Peterhead;

• Carbon Capture and Storage – proposal to capture carbon dioxide from Peterhead power station, transport it in an existing gas pipeline and store it under the north sea which is expected to become operational in 2015; and

• Peterhead Prison – a new prison has received planning permission in principal in 2011.

6.2.9.3 Other plans of note, which are not referred to in the main issues report, include:

• Northconnect – HVDC interconnector planned between Norway and the UK with a landing point near Peterhead which at the time of writing is currently undergoing public consultation;

• Moray Offshore Renewables Wind Farm – harnessing renewable energy in the Moray Firth with a planned completion date of 2016; and

• Numerous wind farm developments within the area.

6.2.9.4 The Energetica Project is also located along the coastline between Aberdeen and Peterhead. Energetica aims to create a concentration of energy technology companies,

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housing and leisure facilities to become a global energy hub. Plans are currently afoot to develop an industrial and business park to the south west of Peterhead to support the growth of offshore wind and marine renewables.

6.3 Peterhead Option Area Environmental Constraints Summary

6.3.1 Special Protection Areas/ Special Areas of Conservation

6.3.1.1 There is one SPA/ SAC, Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast (Grid Ref NK 11780 39340) which is characterised by breeding birds (Fulmar, Guillemot, Herring Gull, Kittiwake, Seabird assemblage and Shag) and vegetated sea cliffs. The full citation for this site is found in Appendix 4 to this report.

6.3.2 Sites of Special Scientific Interest

6.3.2.1 There are four SSSIs, as follows:

• Bullers of Buchan Coast (Grid Ref NK 11700 39400) which is characterised by breeding birds (Guillemot, Kittiwake, Seabird colony and Shag), Coastal Geomorphology of Scotland and Maritime cliff;

• Collieston to Coast (Grid Ref NK 07200 32000) which is characterised by breeding birds (Fulmar, Guillemot, Kittiwake, Razorbill, Seabird colony and Shag), Dalradian and Maritime cliff;

• Hill of Longhaven (Grid Ref NK 08230 42460), which is characterised by Quaternary of Scotland; and

• Moss of Cruden (Grid Ref NK 02835 40291), which is characterised by Quaternary of Scotland.

6.3.2.2 The full citations for these sites are found in Appendix 4 to this report.

6.3.3 Ancient and Semi-Natural Ancient Woodland

6.3.3.1 There are seven Ancient and Semi-Natural Woodlands of which six are Ancient Woodland and one is Semi-Natural Ancient Woodland.

6.3.4 Scheduled Ancient Monuments

6.3.4.1 There are ten Scheduled Ancient Monuments (SAMs), including Ravenscraig Castle (Grid Ref NK 09563 48761), Boddam Castle (Grid Ref NK 13233 41810) and Green Castle, promontory fort, Portknockie (Grid Ref NK 48879 68770).

6.3.5 Category A Listed Buildings

6.3.5.1 There are five Category A Listed Buildings including Boddam, Buchan Ness Lighthouse (Grid Ref NK 13624 42263), Peterhead, South Road, Old St Peters Church (Grid Ref NK 12647 46055) and Longside Old Parish Church (Grid Ref NK 03744 47226).

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6.3.6 Conservation Areas

6.3.6.1 There are five conservation areas, including Peterhead Central (Article 4-Bus Shelters) (Grid Ref NK 13461 46008), Boddam (Article 4-Bus Shelters) (Grid Ref NK 13482 42312) and Peterhead Buchanhaven (Article 4-Bus Shelters) (Grid Ref NK 12760 47184).

6.4 Site Options, Corridors and Landfall

6.4.1.1 The options for the substation/ converter station, landfall and HVDC cable corridor are shown in Figure 3a with the corridor key on Figure 3b. In addition to the baseline data gathered through desktop reviews a team of engineering and environmental experts undertook site visits to ground truth data and gather observations in the field. This involved visiting each site and landfall option with constraints plans, recording observations and taking a photographic log. Table 6.1 below outlines the predominant land type within each site and the approximate distance to each landfall option:

Table 6.1 - Site Overview

Site Option Land Type Distance to Landfall (m)

Sandford Bay Bay of Cruden Bay north of Peterhead

Option 1 Agriculture 1210 10300 10641 Option 2 Active Quarry 2831 9862 12500 Option 3 Plantation 10810 9445 16001 Option 4 Plantation 7118 6780 18009

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6.4.1.2 For the corridors viewpoints where taken from all the publicly accessible points along each corridor (usually where public roads cross) to check for constraints. The environmental character of these areas is described in further detail below along with any key concerns as shown in Figures 4 (Map 1 – 5).

6.4.2 Substation/ Converter Station Options

6.4.2.1 Four potential site options were identified for construction of the 400kV Substation and Converter Station in the Peterhead area. These sites are shown on Figure 3a.

6.4.2.2 Site Option 1 – Peterhead Power Station (Plate 1)

6.4.2.3 Site 1 is located to the west of Peterhead Power Station in an area of agricultural land under 1km to the south of Peterhead. The A90 crosses the site to the east. The site is predominantly arable and is afforded views mainly to the north and north-east towards Peterhead. To the south lies the existing Peterhead substation in close proximity.

6.4.2.4 The site geology is till overlying bedrock of Peterhead Granite. No 1000 year flood risks have been identified but the site is within a potentially vulnerable area to flooding as identified in SEPAs consultation document. However, there are no watercourses in immediate proximity and there were no boggy areas on site. With regard to habitats the site is partially within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast Study of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (SESA), designated for its geomorphology however, it is anticipated that this could be avoided. There are no records to provide evidence of protected species.

6.4.2.5 Within the site there is an unscheduled embankment associated with the railway linking Stirling Hill Quarry to Peterhead Prison. The landscape character of the site is agricultural however, there is an industrial influence due to the dominating presence of the power station and associated infrastructure. Visual receptors are limited to a few scattered farmsteads and road users on the A90. There are no planning applications of note however, the site is located to the south of the previously mentioned Energetica Park. Access to the site is well served by the A90. There are no National Cycle Routes but a Core path follows the alignment of the A90. Background noise consists mainly of traffic and noise generated by the Power station.

6.4.2.6 Plate 1 above shows the site from a view south of the site looking north towards Peterhead.

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Site Option 2 – Stirling Hill Quarry (Plate 2)

6.4.2.7 Site 2 is located in the active Stirling Hill Quarry approximately 2km to the south of Peterhead. The A90 is located just outwith the site along the eastern boundary beyond which, and to the north east, is located the coastal settlement of Boddam.

6.4.2.8 The geological mapping for the site indicates a thinning layer of head deposits overlying bedrock of Peterhead Granite. No 1000 year flood risks have been identified but the site is within a potentially vulnerable area to flooding as identified in SEPAs consultation document. here are also a number of ponds associated with disused areas of the quarry and a watercourse lies within 600m from the site along the Den. Site 2 is completely within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA and partially within the Port Errol to Buchan Ness SESA (designated for botany). Three records for protected species (Kestrel, Skylark and Lesser Butterfly Orchid) have been indentified.

6.4.2.9 The site is within 900m of a SAM and there are a number of National Monument Records of Scotland (NMRS) records for the former Gwight quarry. The landscape character of the site is agricultural but extensive quarrying has altered this. The main visual receptors are a row of cottages along Lendrum Terrace to the north and orientated away form the main quarry which is likely to well screen any infrastructure. This area is safeguarded for mineral extraction within the local plan. Access to the site would be through a minor road to the north and along the quarry access road which is also a Core path. Background noise is characterised by agricultural activities and traffic on the A90.

6.4.2.10 Plate 2 above shows the site from a view west of the site looking directly into the quarry along its access track.

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6.4.2.11 Site Option 3 – Plantation north of Moss of Cruden (Plate 3)

6.4.2.12 Site 3 is located in an area of plantation woodland approximately 7.5km to the south west of Peterhead. Moss of Cruden is located to the south of this site, outwith the plantation woodland.

6.4.2.13 Mapping for the site indicates the geology is head deposits overlying till and subsequently Forest of Deer Granite. No 1000 year flood risks have been identified and as with most plantations the site appears to be actively drained. With regard to habitats the site is wholly within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA and there are two records for protected species (Badger and Tree Pipit). The SSSI Cruden Moss is also located directly south east of the site.

6.4.2.14 Within the vicinity of the site there are a number of Sites and Monument Records (SMR) however, any remains are likely to have been significantly damaged by commercial plantation. The landscape character is dominated by plantation woodland and thus any infrastructure would be well screened so visual receptors are limited. The site is under forestry management and there are no planning applications of note. Access to the site would be through a minor road to the north via the A950 or A952. There are no National Cycle Routes or Rights of Way however, the forest track network is within the proposed wider network of Core Paths. Background noise consists mainly of rural noise.

6.4.2.15 Plate 3 above shows the site from a view east of the site looking over agricultural land towards the site.

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6.4.2.16 Site Option 4 – Plantation east of Moss of Cruden (Plate 4)

6.4.2.17 Site 4 is located in an area of plantation woodland approximately 6km to the south west of Peterhead. Moreseat House is located within the site and the Moss of Cruden is to the west of the site, outwith the plantation woodland.

6.4.2.18 The site lies on the boundary of different superficial deposits including peat, glacio-fluvial sands and gravels and till. The site is mostly within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA and the Moss of Cruden SSSI is located directly to the west. Nine records for protected bird species have been identified which are likely to be closely associated with the neighbouring SSSI.

6.4.2.19 A number of notable SMR records are linked with the site when it was cleared of peat during the nineteenth century however, physical remains may be limited due to the forestry works. The site is characterised by a monoculture of plantation woodland and thus visual receptors are limited. However, two properties are located on the edge of the site which may have views of access works. There are currently no planning applications within the site. Likely access would be through the minor road network to the south which has a number of sharp bends. There are no National Cycle Routes, Rights of Way or Core Paths however, forestry tracks are used for pony trekking. Background noise consists of rural noise.

6.4.2.20 Plate 4 above shows the site from a view north west of the site looking south east directly towards the plantation.

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6.4.3 HVDC Cable Corridor Options

6.4.3.1 A total of 12 cable corridors were identified connecting the potential substation/ converter station sites to potential landfalls. These corridors are shown on Figure 3a and 3b.

6.4.3.2 Corridor A

6.4.3.3 Corridor A is 1210m in length and links Site 4 to the landfall at Sandford Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a north westerly direction crossing the A90 before turning north to cross the A90 again and link into Sandford Bay.

6.4.3.4 Corridor B

6.4.3.5 Corridor B is 2831m in length and links Site 2 to the landfall at Sandford Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a northerly direction following the alignment of the A90 before turning east to cross the A90 and link into Sandford Bay.

6.4.3.6 Corridor C

6.4.3.7 Corridor C is 9862m in length and links Site 2 to the landfall at Cruden Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a south westerly direction, crossing the A90, before turning in a south easterly direction, crossing the A975 and linking into Cruden Bay.

6.4.3.8 Corridor D

6.4.3.9 Corridor D is 6780m in length and links Site 4 to the landfall at Cruden Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a south easterly direction, crossing the A90 and A975, before linking into Cruden Bay.

6.4.3.10 Corridor E

6.4.3.11 Corridor E is 9445m in length and links Site 3 to the landfall at Cruden Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a south easterly direction, crossing the A90 and A975, before linking into Cruden Bay.

6.4.3.12 Corridor F

6.4.3.13 Corridor F is 10,810m in length and links Site 3 to the landfall at Sandford Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in an easterly direction then kinks north east as it nears the coast to cross the A90 before linking into Sandford Bay.

6.4.3.14 Corridor G

6.4.3.15 Corridor G is 7118m in length and links Site 4 to the landfall at Sandford Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in an easterly direction then kinks north east as it nears the coast to cross the A90 before linking into Sandford Bay.

6.4.3.16 Corridor H

6.4.3.17 Corridor H is 10,300m in length and links Site 1 to the landfall at Cruden Bay. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a south westerly direction crossing the A90, before turning south east to cross the A975 and link into Cruden Bay.

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6.4.3.18 Corridor I

6.4.3.19 Corridor I is 10,641m in length and links Site 1 to the landfall at Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a westerly direction then kinks north before kinking in a north westerly direction crossing the A950 before kinking in a north easterly direction crossing the and Buchan Way. The route finally turns in an easterly direction as it links into the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall.

6.4.3.20 Corridor J

6.4.3.21 Corridor J is 12,500m in length and links Site 2 to the landfall at Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head. From site to landfall the corridor travels in a westerly direction then kinks in a northerly direction before kinking in a north westerly direction crossing the A950 before kinking in a north easterly direction crossing the Formartine and Buchan Way. The route finally turns in an easterly direction as it links into the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall.

6.4.3.22 Corridor K

6.4.3.23 Corridor G is 16,001m in length and links Site 4 to the landfall at the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head. From site to landfall the corridor travel in an easterly direction then kinks in a northerly direction before kinking in a north westerly direction crossing the A950 before kinking in a north easterly direction crossing the Formartine and Buchan Way. The route finally turns in an easterly direction as it links into the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall.

6.4.3.24 Corridor L

6.4.3.25 Corridor L is 18,009m in length and links Site 3 to the landfall at the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall. From site to landfall the corridor travel in an easterly direction then kinks in a northerly direction before kinking in a north westerly direction crossing the A950 before kinking in a north easterly direction crossing the Formartine and Buchan Way. The route finally turns in an easterly direction as it links into the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall.

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6.4.4 Landfall Options

6.4.4.1 Three cable landfalls were identified as shown on Figure 3a.

6.4.4.2 Sandford Bay (plate 5)

6.4.4.3 Sandford Bay lies to the south of Peterhead and north of the Peterhead Power Station. In total the beach within the bay is approximately 1.5km in length, between Peterhead Prison and the eastern extent of the Power Station. Whilst there is no dedicated transport route directly into the bay it lies in very close proximity to the A90. The approach to Sandford is largely constrained to the north and south by Peterhead and the Power Station respectively. Eastwards, the landuse is primarily rough pasture with some domestic ownership closer to the A90 and more open in nature. Outflows associated with Peterhead Power Station and the sewage treatment works flow into this bay.

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6.4.4.4 Bay of Cruden (plate 6)

6.4.4.5 Bay of Cruden lies approximately 8.5km south of Sandford Bay, with the town of Cruden delineating its northern extent. The beach is approximately 2.6km in length, from Cruden in the north to the Craigs to the south. The approach to Cruden Bay is largely constrained to the north by Cruden and to the south by rocky outcrops and cliffs. Eastwards, the landuse is dominated by the golf links course at Cruden and arable land further landwards. A number of pipelines associated with the Forties oilfield and the CNS cable make landfall at Cruden Bay.

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6.4.4.6 North of Peterhead (beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head) (plate 7)

6.4.4.7 Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall lies approximately 2km North of Peterhead. In total the beach within the bay is approximately 2.5km in length from Craigewan to Kirkton Head. The approach to the Beach between Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head Landfall is constrained by land use including a golf course and a plantation. World War Two infrastructure also constrains the approach to the landfall.

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7.0 Site, Corridor and Landfall Review

7.1 Introduction

7.1.1.1 A summary of the results of the appraisal of the options for each of the substation/ converter station, landfall and HVDC cable corridor options described above is provided below. This is then summarised in tabular form (Tables 7.1 to 7.3). Environmental designations for each site, corridor and landfall are shown on Figures 4 (Map 1 – 5) and planning designations are shown on Figures 5 (Map 1 – 5).

7.1.1.2 The relative effects of each option in terms of cost, health and safety and engineering is also provided (although not graded within Table 7.1 to 7.3). This section culminates with the selection of a preferred combined option of substation/ converter station site, HVDC cable corridor and landfall which is taken forward to provide layout options and a more detailed corridor for consultation purposes in Section 8.

7.2 Substation/ Converter Station Options

7.2.1.1 Geology/ Soils

7.2.1.2 Site 1 is underlain by till overlying bedrock of Peterhead Granite. The thickness of the till in parts, and likely high bearing capacity off the bedrock means potential effects are likely to be very low. No exceptional construction difficulties are anticipated on this site and thus a very low potential effect is also anticipated. In comparison, Sites 2 and 3 are considered likely to have higher potential effects than Site 1, due primarily for the likely need for further investigations with respect to ground bearing capacities for Site 2, and difficulties of excavation for both Sites 2 and 3. For Site 4, construction difficulties are anticipated in areas where peat is present. Where cable trenching and foundation excavations extend below the superficial deposits, excavation of the bedrock would also require hard ripping and possibly blasting.

7.2.1.3 Overall, Site 1 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.4 Hydrology

7.2.1.5 All the sites could result in potential effects upon water quality during construction. For sites 1, 3 and 4, with standard good practice measures likely to be embedded within the construction process, such impacts are considered likely to be low overall. In terms of operation, very low potential effects are anticipated for Sites 3 and 4 with low effects for Site 1 due it being within an area potentially vulnerable to flooding.

7.2.1.6 Site 2 is understood to have standing water within the quarry with a number of ponds in the wider site. The arrangement with respect to the control of ground water on site is also not known and could pose a potential risk to development. Potential effects are accordingly considered to be medium for both construction and operation.

7.2.1.7 Overall, Sites 3 and 4 are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.8 Habitats

7.2.1.9 Whilst partially within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast Study of Environmentally Sensitive Areas (SESA), Site 1 is considered unlikely to adversely effect its qualifying interest and the site is dominated by arable land use. Potential effects during

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construction and operation are therefore considered likely to be negligible. Site 2 is wholly within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA, and partially within the Port Errol to Buchan Ness SESA. As with Site 1, it is considered unlikely that there were be adverse effects on these designations. The site is also primarily exposed rock however, with limited vantage obtained during the assessment it is not known to what extent habitats of value might exist on site and so an overall rating of very low has been assigned to Site 2. Whilst the potential effects of Sites 3 and 4 are considered likely to be broadly similar to Sites 1 and 2, the proximity of Cruden Moss SSSI and more varied habitats on both sites suggest potential effects of very low during construction and low during operation.

7.2.1.10 Overall, Site 1 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.11 Protected species

7.2.1.12 Allied to the habitats found on site, there are few records of protected species associated with Site 1. The site also appears unlikely to harbour significant potential for such species. Potential impacts are therefore considered to be negligible for both construction and operation. Site 2 affords similar potential for protected species although the recorded presence of a number of notable bird species means potential effects for this site are considered to be low for construction and very low for operation.

7.2.1.13 In line with the habitats found on site and proximity to Cruden Moss SSSI, Sites 3 and 4 have a greater number of records of species and potential to harbour protected species. For this reason, it is considered that the potential effects relating to these sites are medium for both construction and operation.

7.2.1.14 Overall, Site 1 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.15 Cultural Heritage

7.2.1.16 For Site 1, the converter station and substation located in this area could have direct construction impacts on the unscheduled embankment associated with the railway linking Stirling Hill quarry with Peterhead Prison. No direct impacts on protected sites are predicted. Once operational it is considered unlikely that the project will have significant effects upon the setting of the cultural heritage resource due to the natural screening afforded by local topography. The Category B (No. 16364) listed building of Sandford Lodge, located 340m to the northeast of the eastern boundary of the site provides the most cause for concern but local screening means only partial inter-visibility will be possible. The assigned level of significance for construction effects is therefore considered to be low, and for operational effects is very low.

7.2.1.17 For Sites 2, 3 and 4 the potential effects upon the setting of the cultural heritage resource is considered to be negligible due to the complete screening afford by the plantations for Sites 3 and 4, and quarry face for Site 2.

7.2.1.18 With respect to construction, Site 3 is considered likely to have potential effects that are very low as, although records of a manor and World War One airship station have been made, the remains of such structures are likely to have been significantly damaged by the commercial forestry plantation currently on site. The potential effects of Site 2 are considered to be low as, although there are a large number of entries in the National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) for the former Gwight granite quarry, these primarily relate to the quarry installations, equipment and structures, and are of local importance. Finally, Site 4 is considered likely to have potential effects that are medium during construction as the area was cleared of peat during the nineteenth century, and a

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number of notable discoveries are recorded as having been made at the time. It is possible that the no physical remains of the above sites are present due to the plantation, but further assessment would be required.

7.2.1.19 Overall, Site 3 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.20 Landscape Character

7.2.1.21 With respect to Site 1, surrounding area is characterised by open agricultural land, which rises to the west away from the coast. Pylons and large farm warehouses are the dominant feature within the landscape. The proximity of Peterhead Power Station also contributes to the industrialised character. There are no landscape designations within this area and the assigned level of potential effects for construction effects is very low, and for operational effects is low.

7.2.1.22 Sites 2 and 4 share the same potential effects as Site 1, for similar reasons of low sensitivity of surrounding landscape character and natural screening afforded by local topography. Whilst Site 3, largely reflects the same as Site 4, the site is within an area of plantation woodland where there are a network of well-maintained forest tracks and small clearings, and native broadleaf woodland, creating a more diverse forest habitat. In addition, mature broadleaf species including beech and ash are located around the edge of the forest and in places along the forest tracks, which suggests some were formerly tree-lined avenues before the surrounding plantation matured. For this reason potential effects are considered likely to be low for construction and medium for operation.

7.2.1.23 Overall, Sites 1, 2 and 3 are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.24 Visual Impact

7.2.1.25 Within Site 1 there are around 5 residential receptors with various viewing orientations. The A90 also passes along the eastern boundary of the area and there are open views from this major coastal road into the northern half of the site. The site is quite open and exposed, although woodland planting is often associated with farmsteads so there is potential to screen the substation and transformer with new woodland planting. The potential effects from construction are considered to be medium and for operation, high. However, through landscape mitigation and sensitive siting of the project components it is anticipated that this can be reduced.

7.2.1.26 The three remaining sites benefit from screening afforded by local topography and vegetation and so are considered likely to have potential effects that are low to very low during construction. It is likely that Site 3 and 4 would lead to medium potential effects during operation, with Site 2 presenting the least potential effect of low due to the scale of natural screening afforded to the site.

7.2.1.27 Overall, Site 2 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.28 Land Use/ Planning

7.2.1.29 The majority of land use within Site 1 is agriculture with arable crops. There is also a large substation located to the south east of the site and the A90 road corridor crosses through the east of the site. The majority of this site (western half) and likely location of the substation and transformer is classified as having an agricultural land capability of 3.2. There are no planning applications of note within the site and, although allocations for employment within Aberdeenshire’s Local Development Plan border the site, the

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development would be unlikely to sterilise land associated with such development. The potential effects from construction and operation are considered to be very low.

7.2.1.30 Sites 3 and 4 are considered to share the same scale of potential effects as both represent potentially active plantation sites. In addition, there is some indication of the intent for a developer to submit a possible application for a wind farm development at or close to these sites although this cannot be determined at this stage. Agricultural land capability stands at 4.2 for Site 3 and 3.2 for Site 4. Overall, the potential effects from construction and operation for both sites are considered to be medium.

7.2.1.31 Land use within Site 2 is a mix of agriculture and land used for quarrying red granite and is within an area safeguarded for minerals within the proposed Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan. There is currently a larger working quarry within the centre of the site, evidenced by the presence of mobile cabins and possessing plant on site, and some smaller disused quarries within the eastern half of the site, to the west of the A90. Assuming the substation and converter were located in the largest working quarry then potential effects from construction is considered to be medium and operational effects, high.

7.2.1.32 Overall, Site 1 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.33 Access, Transportation and Recreation

7.2.1.34 Access to Site 1 is well served by the A90, which crosses through the east of the site. Receptors within the area are used to heavy traffic and this road is likely to be able cope with large vehicles. There are no Rights of Way or National Cycle Routes within the site. The potential effects from construction and operation for both sites are considered to be very low.

7.2.1.35 Although within a rural setting and reliant upon the local road network, Site 3 is well serviced by the A950 to the north or the A952 to the west which should be able to accommodate large plant. There are currently well maintained single-track forestry roads through the site, which would require widening and upgrading to allow plant access. The site contains paths that are recorded as core paths and recreational users are largely confined to walkers and horse riders/ pony trekkers. The potential effects from construction and operation are considered to be medium and very low respectively.

7.2.1.36 Sites 2 and 4 are considered to be the most constrained of the four sites. Although serviced from the A90, access to Site 2 would be quite restricted and it is anticipated that the minor road leading from the A90, and quarry access road, would require some widening and upgrading to allow plant through. There is also a small hump back bridge that would need to be crossed which could be weight restricted. With the site used for diver training and recreational walking there is some intrinsic recreational value to the site. Site 4 is broadly similar to Site 3 in terms of its rural location but is far more restricted in terms of the road network servicing it. It also appears more restricted in terms of internal forestry tracks. Overall, the potential effects from construction and operation for both sites are considered to be high and low respectively.

7.2.1.37 Overall, Site 1 is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.38 Noise

7.2.1.39 Background noise within Site 1 consists mainly of traffic noise due to the proximity of the A90. There are around five residential properties within the site the closest of which are

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110m to 240m away from the site. The likely potential for construction effects is considered to be medium and for operation, low. The same potential effects are predicted for Site 4 due primarily to the low background noise and proximity of 4 properties within the plantation.

7.2.1.40 Sites 2 and 3 share the same predicted effects of low for construction and very low for operation. This is primarily a function of the low background noise in these locations being offset by either substantial natural screening afforded by topography (Site 2) or the lack of sensitive receptors in the vicinity off the site (Site 3).

7.2.1.41 Overall, Sites 2 and 3 are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.2.1.42 Overall Site Rating

7.2.1.43 Overall, taking account of the above appraisal, it is apparent that Site 1 presents the least impacting of the options on balance, as shown in Table 7.1 below and summarised within the text above.

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Table 7.1- Converter/ Substation Site Option Appraisal Summary

Site 1 – Peterhead Power Site 2 – Stirling Hill Quarry Site 3 – Plantation north of Site 4 – Plantation east of Environmental Aspect Station Moss of Cruden Moss of Cruden Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op

Geology/ soils VL VL M L M L H L

Hydrology L L M M L VL L VL

Habitats N N VL VL VL L VL L

Protected species/ birds N N L VL M M M M

Cultural heritage L VL L N VL N M N

Landscape character VL L VL L L M VL L

Visual impact M H* VL L L M L M

Land use/ planning VL VL M H M M M M

Access, transportation and recreation VL VL H L M VL H L

Noise M L L VL L VL M L

Average score L L M L M L M L

Overall assessment Low M/L M/L M/L

VH = Very High; H = High; M = Medium; L = Low; VL = Very Low; N = Negligible

* = sensitive siting of the substation and converter station along with landscape mitigation such as woodland screening is anticipated to reduce visual impacts.

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7.3 HVDC Cable Corridor Options

7.3.1.1 Geology/ Soils

7.3.1.2 Corridors B, C, E, F, G, H, and K share the same predicted effects of high for construction and negligible for operation. With respect to construction, for all these corridors, construction difficulties are anticipated with the trenching where the superficial deposits are thin or absent and excavation of the bedrock is required. It is likely that the granite will require hard ripping or blasting depending on the extent of the weathering profile. The lengths crossing the blown sand and beach deposits are relatively short. For Corridors C, H, and K, trench stability may also be an issue in part. For Corridors E, F, G, and K peat is mapped as being present extending completely across the corridor width and presents a significant risk to the construction of the cable trench.

7.3.1.3 Corridors D, I and J also share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. With respect to construction, the same issues prevail with respect to trenching through bedrock, stability of the trench and trenching through peat. However, the physical extent of these constraints appears less than for Corridors B, C, E, F, G, H, and K.

7.3.1.4 Finally, Corridor A has the predicted effects of low for construction and negligible for operation. No exceptional construction difficulties are anticipated within this corridor. It is likely that the majority of the cable trench will be within the till and lengths crossing the blown sand and beach deposits are relatively short. Within the corridor width there is scope to avoid the blown sands.

7.3.1.5 Overall, Corridor A is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.6 Hydrology

7.3.1.7 Corridors C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L share the same predicted effects of high for construction and negligible for operation. With respect to these corridors, all contain flood risks associated with watercourses. For example, Corridors D and E would require a crossing of approximately 160m across the flood area of the Laeca Burn and approximately 180m across the flood area of the Water of Cruden. Due to this reason care could be required with respect to topsoil storage during construction to prevent erosion and loss of substrate (plus associated siltation of surface waters). Corridors E, F and G also contain a frequent occurrence of marshy/ boggy ground conditions, which could require modified construction techniques.

7.3.1.8 Corridors A and B also share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. Potential effects are similar to other corridors but the significantly smaller size of the corridors and lesser number of watercourses reduce the predicted effects.

7.3.1.9 Overall, Corridors A and B are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.10 Habitats

7.3.1.11 Corridors C, D, E, and H share the same predicted effects of high for construction and negligible for operation. Corridors C and H cross the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA. In addition, at the southern end there are two further SESAs (Cruden Bay designated for its botany and entomology interests). The Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA does encroach within the corridors twice, and although any cable near Longhaven

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could avoid this, it would not be the avoidable at Cruden Bay. There are no other designations within the corridors and the habitat largely consists of agricultural lands; primarily arable, with some rough pasture. The same largely applies to Corridors D and E with only the single encroachment off the SPA at Cruden.

7.3.1.12 Corridors A, B, F, G, I, J, K, and L also share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. Corridors A, B, F and G are partially within Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA. However, it is anticipated that the cable could be routed to avoid this designation, although it is noted that avoidance of such a designation does not necessarily convey avoidance of effects upon its qualifying interest. The southern half of Corridor B, and Corridors F and G, are also within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA and the Port Errol to Buchan Ness SESA but there are unlikely to be any effects upon the qualifying interests of these designations. The habitat within both corridors largely consists of agricultural lands with some rough pasture around the Stirling Hill, along the Den of Boddam and towards the Sandford Bay. Occasional wetland habitats occur within Corridors F and G

7.3.1.13 Corridors I, J, K and L are partially within an Ancient and Semi Natural Woodland Non- statutory designated site incorporating both banks of the River Ugie. However, it is anticipated that the cable could be routed to avoid this designation, although it is noted that avoidance of such a designation does not necessarily convey avoidance of effects upon its qualifying interest. Corridors K and L are also within the Stirling Hill to Dudwick Longhaven Coast SESA. There are no other designations within the corridor and the habitat largely consists of agricultural lands with some rough pasture.

7.3.1.14 Overall, Corridors A, B, F, G, I, J, K, and L are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.15 Protected species

7.3.1.16 Based on known records, Corridors C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K, and L share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. Records range between 24 for Corridor F to 103 for Corridor K. Species are largely relate to birds and plant species.

7.3.1.17 Corridors A and B also share the same predicted effects of low for construction and negligible for operation. Corridor A has 4 records including bird species and plants and Corridor B has 7 covering the same species.

7.3.1.18 Overall, Corridors A and B are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.19 Cultural Heritage

7.3.1.20 Corridors E, F, G, I, J, K, and L share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. For all the corridors, direct and indirect effects upon statutorily protected sites are avoidable. The Corridors do include, however, both Category B and C listed buildings. There are also a number of Sites and Monuments Records (SMR) and National Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) records including cairns, cists, peat workings, farmsteads, souterrain, a documentary record of an encampment. Effects upon the majority of these resources are likely to be avoidable but may require careful routing and/ or construction methods/ mitigation.

7.3.1.21 Corridors B, C, D, and H also share the same predicted effects of low for construction and negligible for operation. For all the corridors, direct and indirect effects upon statutorily

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protected sites are avoidable. Non-statutorily protected sites in the Corridor B include the Den of Boddam railway, and former Gwight granite quarry. These primarily relate to the quarry installations, equipment and structures, and are of local importance. With respect Corridors C, D and H, direct effects on the remains of Cruden Bay railway are likely. However, overall, significant effects upon the majority of these resources are likely to be avoidable but may require careful routing and/ or construction methods/ mitigation.

7.3.1.22 Corridor A contains similar constraints to Corridors B, F and G in particular but, due to its size the possibility of effects is considerably reduced. Predicted effects are medium for construction and negligible for operation.

7.3.1.23 Overall, Corridor A is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.24 Landscape Character

7.3.1.25 Corridors C, D, E and H share the same predicted effects of high for construction and medium for operation. Corridors C and H cross through two distinct character areas from Cliffs of the North and South-East Coasts to Eastern Coastal Agricultural Plain. Characterised by stone quarries the corridor travels in a south westerly direction through undulating farmland with scattered farmsteads linked by a network of minor roads. Post and wire fences are the most common form of field boundary. This continues to the western side of the village of Cruden Bay beyond which the landscape begins to flatten out as it meets the coast. Farmland turns into a dune landscape, crossing a golf course, before reaching the sandy Bay of Cruden. At two points the corridor passes through an Area of Landscape Sensitivity (ALS) and it is not possible to avoid this designation at the Bay of Cruden. The assigned level of significance for construction effects is high and for operational effects is Medium. As Corridors D and E also cross the ALS the same effects are predicted.

7.3.1.26 Corridors F, G, I, J, K, and L also share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and low for operation. Corridors F and G pass through two distinct character areas from Eastern Coastal Agricultural Plain to Cliffs of the North and South-East Coasts. These areas are primarily characterised by coniferous plantation woodland with fringes of broadleaf woodland, phasing through to undulating agricultural land characterised by scattered farmsteads before passing under a large overhead power line. Boggy land, quarries, overhead lines, and undulating agricultural are also present along the corridor as it heads east to the coast. Corridors I, J, K and L also pass through two distinct character areas from dunes and beaches from Fraserburgh to Peterhead to the northern end of the corridor with the southern majority in Eastern Coastal Agricultural Plain. This is reflected in the corridors transition from sandy beaches/ rolling dunes to coastal agricultural farmland in the west. Disused railway lines, road networks are also prevalent. Small woodland blocks and hedgerows are also a common feature and to the south of the corridor three large overhead electricity lines dominate the landscape.

7.3.1.27 Corridors A and B follow a broadly similar route and pass through two distinct character areas from Cliffs of the North and South-East Coasts to Eastern Coastal Agricultural Plain. From north to south the landscape character of the corridor incorporates the secluded sandy bay at Sandford, located to the south of the industrialised edge of Peterhead. The corridors then cross a dune landscape and the A90 before entering open agricultural land to the west. The corridor then crosses back over the A90 and through the open grass bunding that surrounds the power station before. Corridor A terminates at this point but Corridor B carries on through landscape characterised by open agricultural land and there is a large substation to the west of Peterhead Power Station where three large over-head lines converge. The corridor includes a network of minor roads linking scattered

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farmsteads, cottages and a quarry. There are no landscape designations within the corridors.

7.3.1.28 For Corridor B the assigned level of effects for construction is low and for operation, very low. Due to its smaller size Corridor A is considered to have potential effects of very low for construction and for operation.

7.3.1.29 Overall, Corridor A is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.30 Visual Impact

7.3.1.31 For Corridors C and H, over 50 residential receptors are estimated to be within these corridors along with a large number from within Cruden Bay. The corridor would also be visible from long stretches of the A90 between Boddam and to the east of Hatton. There is also a caravan site and recreational receptors at the Bay of Cruden and on the links golf course within the corridor are anticipated to have views. For Corridors D and E, over 30 residential receptors are estimated to be within these corridors along with a large number from within Cruden Bay. The Bay of Cruden and links golf course also lie within the corridors. The assigned level of effects for all four corridors during construction is high and for operation, low.

7.3.1.32 For corridors B, F, G, I J, K and L there are up to 90 residential receptors within the corridors which consist of scattered farmsteads and the occasional small grouping of cottages. For B, F and G, road users on the A90 will also have views to the corridors. For Corridors I, J, K and L road users on the A959, will also have views. Further receptors include recreational walkers at the beach and on the Formartine and Buchan Way, which crosses through the north of the corridors. The assigned level of effects for all four corridors during construction is medium and for operation, low.

7.3.1.33 For Corridor A, residential receptors within the corridor are limited, however there are a few properties around the A90, including Newmill of Sandford with views orientated to the east and west. Roads users from the A90 will also have views along the majority of the corridor. Receptors also include workers within the power station and from the industrialised edge of Peterhead.

7.3.1.34 The assigned level of effects for Corridors A during construction is low and for operation, very low.

7.3.1.35 Overall, Corridor A is considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.36 Land use/ Planning

7.3.1.37 Land uses in Corridors D and E include agriculture, forestry, public coastal strip and golf courses. Their lengths are dominated by land classified as having an agricultural land capability of 3.2, with the remainder of a lower grade or not subject to classification. Planning applications of note include the erection of two small scale turbines between Hardmill and Midmill which should be avoidable. Two applications relating to the erection of overhead lines (33kv and 11kv) were also posted in 2006 at Water of Cruden and Stonehouse Mill, in addition to an application for the erection of a meteorological mast at Cruden Moss. Whilst effects on these planning applications could be mitigated, care would be required to avoid conflicts. Overall, it is likely that any cable routed within these corridors will be routed largely through agricultural land, crossing two major transport corridors, forestry, a public coastal strip and golf course. The assigned level of effects for Corridors D and E during construction and operation is low.

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7.3.1.38 Corridors C, F, G, H, I, J, K and L share the same predicted effects of low for construction and very low for operation. Land uses in Corridors C and H include agriculture, forestry, public coastal strip, golf courses, caravan parks, transport corridors and electricity infrastructure (including a large sub-station and 3 overhead power lines). They are both around 10,000m in length and have over 80% of this classified as having an agricultural land capability of 3.2, with the remainder of a lower grade or not subject to classification. There are very few planning applications likely to conflict with the project. Overall, it is likely that any cable routed within these corridors will be routed largely through agricultural land, crossing 2 major transport corridors a public coastal strip and golf course. Land uses in Corridors F and G include forestry and mineral extraction in addition to those identified within Corridor A (agriculture, industry, commercial, private residential, A90 transport corridor and a public coastal strip). For both corridors, approximately half their length is classified as having an agricultural land capability of 3.2, with the remainder of a lower grade or not subject to classification. Planning applications of note include three small scale wind farms which should all be avoidable but could need some careful routing to avoid conflicts. It is likely that the cable would largely be routed through agricultural land, crossing one area of forestry, one major transport corridor and a public coastal strip.

7.3.1.39 Corridors I, J, K and L have a mix of land uses including agriculture, industry, commercial, private residential, A90 transport corridor and a public coastal strip. The Corridors are the longest of the options and range between 10,500m and 18,000m in length with between 67% to 96% of this classified as having an agricultural land capability of 3.2, with the remainder of a lower grade classification. Twenty one planning applications are recorded within the corridors. Planning applications of note include the erection of 10 industrial units (APP/2004/4523) at Newfield. All, however, would be easily avoidable with careful routing.

7.3.1.40 Corridors A and B share the same predicted effects of very low for construction and operation. They have a mix of land uses including agriculture, industry, commercial, private residential, A90 transport corridor and a public coastal strip. Both corridors are by far the shortest of all the options at less than 3000m with Corridor A largely not subject to Agricultural Land Capability Classification and Corridor B with less than 40% classified as having an agricultural land capability of 3.2, with the remainder of a lower grade or not subject to classification. Planning applications of note include plans for a car sales office and an Industry Park however, these are associated with the commercial/ industrial edge of Peterhead to the northern edge of the corridors and as such could be avoided. It is likely that the HVDC cable will be routed largely through agricultural land, crossing the A90 transport corridor and public coastal strip.

7.3.1.41 Overall, Corridors A and B are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.42 Access, Transportation and Recreation

7.3.1.43 Corridors C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. The trend for all these corridors is largely the same in that the further inland the corridors traverse, the less accessible the line of the corridor becomes as the networks becomes dominated by a greater number of minor roads. Towards the coast this changes as the A90 and associated network affords greater access. Overall, whilst access would not be considered as a major issue for the cable construction, care would be required in each case to ensure plant and deliveries could be made and disruption to local roads was minimised. Once construction had ended there would be little, to no, disruption. With respect to recreation, it is the walking community that would be mostly effected through possible temporary severance of Core Paths however, suitable temporary diversions are usually achievable.

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7.3.1.44 Corridors A and B also share the same predicted effects of very low for construction and negligible for operation. Unlike the other corridors, these are located within the coastal zone and thus are afforded greater accessibility from the A90 road network. The same recreational effects are likely to prevail in the sense that the walking community are likely to be effected the greatest but such effects will be temporary in nature and suitable mitigation could be employed.

7.3.1.45 Overall, Corridors A and B are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.46 Noise

7.3.1.47 Corridors C, D, E, F, G, H, I, J, K and L share the same predicted effects of medium for construction and negligible for operation. The trend for all these corridors is largely the same in that the further inland the corridors traverse, the more rural the background noise becomes and so the potential effects with respect to construction noise increase (i.e. increases above background noise). With the exception of those parts of corridors that lie in close proximity to Peterhead, the coastal nature of the landfalls north of Peterhead and at Cruden also provide a more rural background noise. Once constructed there will be no noticeable noise effects from the project.

7.3.1.48 Corridors A and B also share the same predicted effects of low for construction and negligible for operation. Unlike the other corridors, these are located within the coastal zone adjacent to both the A90 and Peterhead and thus the background noise is largely dominated by road traffic noise, the Power Station and urban environment. As with the other corridors, once constructed the project will have no noticeable noise effects.

7.3.1.49 Overall, Corridors A and B are considered to have the least potential effect on this aspect.

7.3.1.50 Overall Corridor Rating

7.3.1.51 Overall, taking account of the above appraisal, it is apparent that Corridor A presents the least impacting of the options on balance, as shown in Table 7.2 below.

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Table 7.2 - HVDC Cable Corridor Option Appraisal Summary Corridor A Corridor B Corridor C Corridor D Corridor Corridor Corridor Corridor Corridor Corridor Corridor K Corridor L Environmental E F G H I J Aspect Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op Con Op

Geology/soils L N H N H N M N H N H N H N H N H N M N H N M N

Hydrology M N M N H N H N H N H N H N H N H N H N H N H N

Habitats M N M N H N H N H N M N M N H N M N M N M N M N

Protected L N L N M N M N M N M N M N M N L N L N L N L N Species / birds

Cultural Heritage V L N L N L N L N M N M N M N L N M N M N M N M N

Landscape VL V L L VL H M H M H M M L M L H M M L M L M L M L Character

Visual Impact L V L M L H L H L H L M L M L H L M L M L M L M L

Land / Planning V L V L V L V L L VL L L L L L V L L V L L V L L V L L V L L V L L VL

Access V L N VL N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N

Noise L N L N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N M N

Average score L VL M VL H VL H VL H L H VL H VL H VL H VL H VL H VL H VL

Overall L /VL L M/L M M M/L M/L M/L M/L M/L M/L M/L assessment

VH = Very High; H = High; M = Medium; L = Low; VL = Very Low; N = Negligible

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7.4 Landfall options

7.4.1.1 The following section summarises the key effects relating to the landfall options. This landfall selection process has taken into consideration the location of the onshore converters stations, together with the near shore constraints that exist within the near shore marine environment. Engineering requirements with regard to the cable landing tie up has also been considered for each landfall. In Scotland, three potential landfalls at Sandford Bay, Cruden Bay and the bay north of Peterhead have been identified.

7.4.2 Sandford Bay

7.4.2.1 Site overview

7.4.2.2 The Sandford Bay landfall site is located within a relatively small-enclosed bay, immediately north of the Peterhead Power Station. The bay is bordered to the south by cliffs, and to the north by a rocky foreshore. The power station outfalls are visible to the south of the bay and an outfall from a wastewater treatment plant is visible to the north.

7.4.2.3 The bay is generally sandy with scattered surface rocks. The beach has a gradual slope, with a definite transition from fine sand with scattered rocks to fine sand, becoming a thin strip of low sand dunes at the head of the beach. Beyond the sand dunes there is a strip of grassland running along the base of the embankment bordering the bay to the west. The grassland is damp, receiving drainage runoff from the top of the embankment and appears relatively species rich. The embankment is steep, with several small drainage streams running down it from a small golf course running across its top.

7.4.2.4 Access to the site is available at two locations, the first of these being a footpath starting from an unnamed road leading to the ASCO supply base, the second being an overgrown vehicle track running across the embankment from the golf course down to the sand dunes at the head of the beach. The footpath runs along the arc of the bay.

7.4.2.5 Key constraints or potential issues with the site are:

• The steep embankment crossing the cable corridors, sloping up to a small golf course;

• Potential species rich habitat strip located at the base of the embankment;

• Potential for nesting birds within the above habitat;

• Large rocks scattered across the sands within the cable route corridor, potentially causing construction concerns;

• Public footpath running around the edge of the bay; and

• Avoiding any near shore fishing activities.

7.4.2.6 The constraints such as the embankment, grassland habitat and public footpath are unavoidable as they stretch along the entire edge of the bay and would have to be crossed at some point by any cable route making landfall at Sandford Bay.

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Figure 7.1 – Sandford Bay - Near shore constraints

7.4.2.7 Sandford presents a steep embankment in the transition from beech to land, but is relatively shallow with a sloping seaward gradient. The 10m depth contour is located approximately 0.8km from the MHW at the mid point of the bay. This distance decreases to 0.3km from the shore in the northern part of the bay, but extends to over 1km offshore to the south. In the south of the bay, a small islet known as ‘The Skerry’ is located at the end of the seaward extension of the 10m depth contour. The southern section of the bay appears to be characterised by rock outcrops and raised portions of seafloor, which could potentially pose a threat to navigation.

7.4.2.8 The southern half of the bay falls within a designated SPA (Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast). This stretch of coast contained within the SPA is a 15km stretch of cliff formed mainly of granite and quartzite. The site is designated due to the importance of these cliffs and the area as a breeding ground for numerous seabird species. The northern sections of Sandford Bay fall outside of the SPA, and therefore routing through the SPA can be avoided. However, avoidance of the outfalls described below would require the crossing of this designation.

7.4.2.9 The geology of the area is expected to be similar to that of the surrounding cliffs and onshore areas. Here the drift geology is till. It is considered that construction difficulties could be encountered with the laying of cable in areas where the superficial deposits are thin or absent and excavation of the granite bedrock is required.

7.4.2.10 There are four existing outfall pipes in operation within the bay. On the north western shore, two long outfall pipes run from a sewerage works seaward in a south easterly direction. The outfall pipes run for approximately 0.7km, and were installed by burial within an excavated rock trench, backfilled and armoured with graded stone. The outfalls terminate at a designated spoil ground, which covers a large area of the central part of the

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bay. On the south western shore of the bay there are two outfall pipes associated with Peterhead Power Station. The outfalls pipes here are relatively small in size and appear to only encroach into the intertidal area.

7.4.2.11 Other seabed features in the bay include the wreck of the ‘Constant Star’ which lies exposed and adjacent to ‘The Skerry’ islet in the south of the bay, as shown above. The wreck is visible and therefore does not pose a threat to navigation.

7.4.2.12 To the south of bay lies Boddam Harbour, a small fishing port. Accordingly, navigational considerations associated with this harbour would most likely be with recreational and/or smaller inshore fishing vessels. The main types of fishing within this area are potting/ whelking, scallop dredging and stern trawling which are all of a reasonably low intensity. No anchorage area or places of refuge exist at within the vicinity of Sandford Bay.

7.4.2.13 Cable Landing tie up

7.4.2.14 Sandford Bay is constrained by the presence of a sewage outfall and the power station outfall. The relatively sheltered and deep nature of the bay means that a cable lay vessel (CLV) can position itself (with care due to rock outcrops) approximately 800m offshore and the cable can be floated in. The presence of boulder fields (need to confirm presence/ absence of bedrock) is evident on both the satellite image and the Admiralty Charts and so either rock dumping or pre-cut trenching using a back-hoe dredger will be required. The water temperature of the power station outfall will need to be ascertained to ensure that it poses no thermal constraints on the cable design. The power of the outfall appears to be such from the satellite image that protection methods (e.g. rock dumping) will need to be engineered.

7.4.3 Bay of Cruden

7.4.3.1 Site overview

7.4.3.2 The Bay of Cruden landfall site is located immediately to the south of the village of Cruden Bay. The bay is bordered to the north by the ‘Water of Cruden’ burn, and to the south by sea cliffs, and is approximately 2km in length.

7.4.3.3 The bay consists of fine sands along its entire length until meeting sea cliffs and exposed bedrock at its northern and southern borders. The beach has a gradual slope, resulting in a large area exposed during low tide, which becomes large sand dunes inland. The majority of the sand dunes within the route corridor have a vertical face at the transition to the beach and appear relatively unstable. A small stream is located at both edges of the route cable corridors exiting the sand dunes and draining onto the beach itself. Neither of the two streams flows down to the waters edge at low tide, with green algae on the surrounding sand indicating they often form standing water at the top of the beach.

7.4.3.4 An established golf course runs along the tops of the sand dunes, with a larger hill set back from the beach. The base of the dunes vertical face appears to have had some stabilisation works carried out in places, with concrete blocks, a stonewall and wooden supports visible. In addition, what is likely to be World War Two infrastructure is visible in several locations, with a pillbox and tank defences identified at the base of the sand dunes. It is likely that more of this historic infrastructure might be uncovered during excavations.

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7.4.3.5 Although no nests were identified, sand martins were observed during a site visit in numbers around the vertical faces of the sand dunes, and it is therefore likely that these areas are of importance for nesting birds.

7.4.3.6 The only access to the beach appears to be via a footbridge at the northern end of the beach, with no evidence of an access way for vehicles. In the event that heavy plant was required on the beach it is likely that a temporary bridge would be required across the Water of Cruden however, this would increase traffic volumes on the road to the Cruden Bay harbour.

7.4.3.7 The beach appears to be used by the public for recreational walking, with several walkers observed during the site visit.

7.4.3.8 Key constraints or potential issues with the site are:

• Large potentially unstable sand dunes at the head of the beach;

• Existing watercourses in close proximity to the cable corridors;

• Historical infrastructure present on the beach, with the potential for more to be found during excavation;

• Potential for nesting birds within the sand dunes;

• No identified access for plant and heavy machinery onto the beach;

• Potential for impacts related to increased noise and traffic, due to plant having to access the beach through the village;

• Established golf course bisecting the existing cable corridors;

• Beach used by the public for recreation, e.g. dog walking; and

• Avoiding any near shore fishing activities.

7.4.3.9 Final route planning may allow for some of the above issues to be avoided but, would have to be based on additional archaeological and ecological surveys. However, the key issues relate to the location of the bay itself, with limited access, the existing golf course and the potentially unstable nature of the dunes being unavoidable.

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Figure 7.2 - Cruden Bay - Near shore constraints

7.4.3.10 Cruden Bay is a small bay situated between Ward Point to the north and The Skares to the south. The bay is backed by sand dunes and lies above a sediment-filled valley. It is considered that construction difficulties could be encountered with the laying of cable in areas where the superficial deposits are thin or absent and excavation of the granite bedrock is required.

7.4.3.11 The bay is relatively shallow, with the 10m contour extending to approximately 1.5km from the shore at the mid-point of the bay. This depth counter decreases in distance from the shore to the north and south. The Skares is a granitic rocky reef outcrop located approximately 2km to the SSW. Due to the nature of these shallow areas and rocky outcrops, this area may pose a hazard to navigation. Other areas of known fouling have been highlighted as shown in Figure 7.2.

7.4.3.12 Additionally, there are numerous wrecks located within the bay. The wrecks in the area are mainly concentrated around areas of shallow water, and in the vicinity of the Skares. Figure 7.2 highlights three known wrecks around The Skares. Records do show other wrecks in the area but these may be much smaller, or do not pose a hazard to navigation. None of the wrecks at this site are protected wrecks.

7.4.3.13 The whole of Cruden Bay, and the surrounding area, are enclosed within the Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA. It would therefore be unavoidable at this landfall option. It is notable that onshore species records reflect observations of Sperm Whale and Porpoise within the bay also.

7.4.3.14 To the south of the bay, a number of pipelines associated with the Forties oilfield, and the CNS cable, make landfall. The pipelines are operated by BP and have been established

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since the 1970’s. Other seabed features within the bay include an anchoring area. The anchoring area is located in a fairly central position within the bay.

7.4.3.15 Cruden Bay harbour is located on the northern shore of the bay. Navigational considerations associated with this harbour would most likely be with recreational and/ or smaller inshore fishing vessels. The main types of fishing within this area are potting/ whelking, scallop dredging and stern trawling which are all of a reasonably low intensity.

7.4.3.16 Cable Landing tie up

7.4.3.17 Cruden Bay is constrained by the presence of both oil and gas pipelines and telecommunications cables. To avoid crossing these in the shallow waters of the bay the HVDC cable needs to pass to the north of the telecommunications and south of the rock headland (Ward Point) at the northern side of the bay, this corridor is approximately 200m wide. The shallow nature of the bay means that a cable lay vessel would need to stand off between 1.4km and 1.8km, this combined with tidal currents of the order of 1knot may mean that a cable float-in may not be practicable and require the use of a cable lay barge.

7.4.3.18 There is a strong probability (indications of which can be seen in satellite image) of mobile inshore sandbanks which will require deeper burial to ensure that the cable does not become exposed during the project lifetime. The presence of boulder fields (need also to confirm possible presence/ absence of bedrock) is suggested on the satellite image and so either rock dumping or pre-cut trenching using a back-hoe dredger will be required in near shore areas.

7.4.4 North of Peterhead (Craig Ewan and Kirkton Head)

7.4.4.1 Site Overview

7.4.4.2 The landfall site is located on a long stretch of beach north of Peterhead, bordered to the south by Craig Ewan and to the north by Kirkton Head. The bay consists of fine sands along its entire length until meeting rocky outcrops at its northern and southern borders. The beach has a gradual slope, which becomes large sand dunes inland. The majority of the sand dunes within the cable corridors have a steep, almost vertical in some places, face at the transition to the beach, but appear relatively stable. A drainage stream is located at the southern edge of the cable corridors exiting the sand dunes and draining onto the beach. This stream does not flow down to the waters edge, with green algae on the surrounding sand indicating it often forms standing water at the top of the beach. The cable corridors are bordered to the north by the Cuttie Burn, which exits the dunes and flows down a channel cut through the beach sand to drain directly into the sea.

7.4.4.3 The sand dunes immediately bordering the beach are steep sided and of considerable height, with the dunes habitat behind these boundary dunes being of lower height continuing inland until the meet a coniferous plantation. What is likely to be World War Two infrastructure is visible in several locations, with a pillbox and tank defences identified within the route corridor. It is likely that more of this historic infrastructure might be uncovered during excavations.

7.4.4.4 The sand dunes within the route corridor and this section of beach are relatively remote and there is a likelihood that these areas will be of importance for nesting birds.

7.4.4.5 Access to the beach appears to be extremely limited, pedestrian access can be gained by crossing the golf course however, this is a considerable distance. There appears to be no evidence of an access way for vehicles. In the event that heavy plant was required on the

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beach, it would prove difficult to provide an access route through the sand dunes that fall within the cable corridors.

7.4.4.6 Key constraints or potential issues with the site are:

• Large sand dunes at the head of the beach, with further sand dune habitat inland;

• Existing watercourses;

• Historical infrastructure present on the beach, with the potential for more to be found during excavation;

• Potential for nesting birds within the sand dunes;

• No identified access for plant and heavy machinery onto the beach;

• Beach used by the public for recreation, e.g. dog walking; and

• Avoiding any near shore fishing activities.

7.4.4.7 Final route planning may allow for some of the above issues to be avoided, but would have to be based on additional archaeological and ecological surveys. However, the key issues relate to the location of the beach, with limited access, and the topography of the dunes being unavoidable.

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Figure 7.3 – North of Peterhead - Near shore constraints

7.4.4.8 Kirkton Head is fronted by a drying rocky ridge which extends up to 0.8km seaward. Craig Ewan, a rocky projecting point, is located 1.6km south of Kirkton Head. The bay lying between Kirkton Head in the north and Craig Ewan in the south is relatively shallow, with the 10m contour extending to approximately 1.5km from the shore at the mid-point of the bay.

7.4.4.9 In the bay directly to the south of Craig Ewan are two disused submarine cables, extending from shore in a north easterly direction, for approximately 1.6km.

7.4.4.10 Approximately 4km offshore from the southern end of the bay lies the northern boundary of a spoil ground, approximately 2km by 2km in size. There are no wrecks in the immediate vicinity of the bay, although there are several named and unnamed wrecks located greater than 4km due east of the bay. None of the wrecks are protected wrecks.

7.4.4.11 To the south of the bay, at the mouth of the River Ugie lies Bunchanhaven, a small fishing village with a small boat harbour among the rocks. Foul ground fronts the mouth of this river and extends up to 0.8km offshore. Navigational considerations associated with this harbour would most likely be related to recreational and/ or smaller inshore fishing vessels. The main types of fishing within this area are potting/ whelking, scallop dredging and stern trawling which are all of a reasonably low intensity.

7.4.4.12 Cable Landing tie up

7.4.4.13 The bay to the north of Peterhead has no man-made marine constraints. The shallow nature of the bay means that a cable lay vessel would need to stand off between 1km and 1.2km, this combined with tidal currents of the order of 1.3knots may mean that a cable float-in may not be practicable and require the use of a cable lay barge is required. There

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is a strong probability (indications of which can be seen in satellite image) of mobile inshore sandbanks which will require deeper burial to ensure that the cable does not become exposed during the project lifetime. The presence of boulder fields (need to confirm presence/ absence of bedrock) is also suggested on the satellite image and so either rock dumping or pre-cut trenching using a back-hoe dredger will be required in the near shore areas.

7.4.4.14 Table 7.3 provides an overall summary of the effects of each landfall option upon the key environmental aspects, based upon the analysis above. As can be seen, whilst all provide a suitable option, the Sandford and North of Peterhead options are more favourable.

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Table 7.3 HVDC Cable Corridor Option Appraisal Summary

Sandford Bay Cruden Bay North of Peterhead Environmental Aspect Con Op Con Op Con Op Geology/soils H N H N VL N

Hydrology L VL M VL M L

Ornithology M N M N L N

Protected Species L N M N L N

Habitats M N L L L N

Cultural heritage N N M M M VL

Landscape character L N M N M N

Visual impact M N H N M N

Land/ aquatic use VL N L N L N

Access and recreation M N M N M N

Noise VL N M N M N

Traffic / transportation L N M N M N

Average score M VL H VL M VL

Overall assessment L M/L L

VH = Very High; H = High; M = Medium; L = Low; VL = Very Low; N = Negligible

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7.5 Commercial Assessment

7.5.1.1 An assessment of the relative costs that would be outlaid for each of the site options reached the conclusion that Site 1 provides the most economic solution. This is on the following basis:

• Site 1 provides the shortest cable link to the preferred landing point at Sandford Bay, therefore minimising land installation costs. Although the overall subsea route length could be reduced by consideration of Sites 2, 3 or 4 connected to the landing point at Cruden Bay, the associated land installation costs and landing costs would lead to higher costs for these options.

• Site 1 is in close proximity to the existing 275kV Peterhead substation and would require the shortest connections to existing electricity transmission infrastructure.

• Sites 1 and 2 are in close proximity to the existing road network (A90) and would therefore require less road improvements to access the sites during the construction phase of the project in comparison to Sites 3 and 4.

7.6 Health and Safety Assessment

7.6.1.1 Assessment has been made on the risks posed during construction off the substation and converter station.

7.6.1.2 Sites 3 and 4, which are remote and located away from the main trunk road, where access has to be taken along narrow public roads, are considered as higher risk. Road improvements would be required for both these options but risks would still remain to public use of these roads with construction traffic. Whilst not as remote as Sites 3 and 4, Site 2 at the quarry is considered higher risk than Site 1.

7.6.1.3 Overall, Site 1 is considered the least risk as this has good access from the A90 and could be constructed away from the existing overhead lines.

7.7 Engineering and Future Development

7.7.1.1 Technical Engineering

7.7.1.2 Assessment has been made on the engineering complexity / difficulty with each site, taking account of a number of considerations including connection to existing transmission infrastructure and ease of construction.

7.7.1.3 The assessment has concluded that Site 1 presents the most viable case from a technical engineering perspective for the following reasons:

• It provides a safer solution overall as nearly all the new equipment can be built off line away from live equipment;

• It presents the shortest distance from the existing 275kV Substation at Peterhead;

• It provides the opportunity to take advantage of a short distance to the coast and thus less cabling required to reach the offshore environment and

• Being adjacent to the A90 provides good site access.

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7.7.1.4 With regard to marine engineering of the three landing sites, all can be constructed using conventional open cut technologies. They have differing levels of anthropogenic (man- made constraints) with Sandford Bay the most constrained and the North of Peterhead landing the least. However, from an installation viewpoint the shortest cable float-in will be Sandford Bay followed by north of Peterhead and with the longest at the Bay of Cruden. The three open cut landings are likely to encounter boulder fields or bedrock outcrops landward of the cable lay vessel stand-off positions and are likely to require either rock dumping (if bedrock) or possibly the use of a back-hoe dredger (if boulder fields).

7.7.1.5 The length and the more exposed nature of the cable pull-ins at the Bay of Cruden and to a lesser extent north of Peterhead may mean a cable lay barge is required for the inshore installation. It is probable that mobile inshore sandbanks are present at the landings north of Peterhead and in the Bay of Cruden and these will potentially require deeper burial to ensure the cables do not become exposed due to the sandbank migration.

7.7.1.6 Table 7.4 below presents the advantages/ disadvantages for the engineering of each marine landing:

Table 7.4 – Marine Landing Advantages/ Disadvantages

Landfall Advantages Disadvantages

• Relatively short and sheltered • Sewage outfall Sandford Bay cable float in • Power station outfall • Short land cable • Near shore burial spread/back hoe dredger required • Shortest marine route • Oil pipelines Cruden Bay • Telecommunications cables • Long cable pull-in (possible use of barge) • Near shore burial spread/back hoe dredger required • Long land cable • Possibility of mobile inshore sandbanks • No man-made constraints • Longer cable length both marine and North of land Peterhead • Long cable pull-in (possible use of barge) • Near shore burial spread/back hoe dredger required • Possibility of mobile inshore sandbanks

7.7.1.7 In conclusion, and on the basis of marine installation alone, the landfall to north of Peterhead would appear slightly better than Sandford Bay for installation. However, if the costs and impacts of the additional land and marine cable are taken into account the Sandford Bay landfall would be the preferred landing (on the provision that the temperature of the power station outfall does not thermally constrain the cable design). The Bay of Cruden has a number of man-made and environmental constraints that means it is the most problematic from a cable installation viewpoint.

7.7.1.8 Future Use / Proofing Assessment

7.7.1.9 Assessment has been made on the ability of the site to accommodate other relevant future projects. During discussions with the relevant statutory authorities, it was clear that it was

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important to consider the needs of future projects to ensure that synergies between such projects could be realised and land would not be sterilised for future use unnecessarily.

7.7.1.10 In this context, it was clear that Site 2 was the least suitable as the site is confined by existing topography and could only accommodate the project without significant extension.

7.7.1.11 Site 1, adjacent to the existing substation, can accommodate future developments but is more limited than Sites 3 and 4, albeit more accessible in terms of cable landing points and its proximity to the coast.

7.7.1.12 Site 3 and 4 within forestry could easily accommodate future developments without any significant constraints and these were thus considered to be highly viable. There are however additional environmental impact, costs and difficulties in reaching these sites, as evidenced in the above appraisal and environmental aspects, as connections to landfalls at the coast would still be required in most cases. This would bring with it additional environmental and engineering costs that could possibly be otherwise avoided.

7.7.1.13 Overall, Sites 3 and 4 are considered to be the most favourable with respect to future land uses and development proofing.

7.8 Preferred combined option

7.8.1.1 Whilst each option for the substation/ converter station, HVDC cable corridor and landfall has been considered in isolation, it was important to provide a summary of the appraisal.

7.8.1.2 Table 7.5 ranks the sites, corridors and landfalls for the different assessments in order of preference with the best in green, medium in orange and worst in red.

7.8.1.3 The assessment indicates the following:

• Substation/ converter station site – Site 1;

• HVDC cable corridor – Corridor A; and

• Landfall – Sandford Bay or North of Peterhead.

7.8.1.4 It is clear from this that, on the balance of environmental, technical and economic considerations, the preferred option would be Site 1 and its associated Corridor A. It follows that Sandford Bay is also seen as the preferred landfall and thus the preferred option overall is therefore ‘Site 1, Corridor A and Sandford Bay’.

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7.9 Preferred Option Consultation

7.9.1.1 As a continuation of the high level (regional) consultation workshops a further workshop was held in August 2011 for the purposes of discussing the options identified. It was the focus of that meeting to also discuss the preferred options at that time. The attendees were:

• Scottish Natural Heritage (SNH);

• Scottish Environmental Protection Agency (SEPA);

• Marine Scotland – Licensing operations team;

• Aberdeenshire Council (Buchan); and

• Aberdeenshire City and Shire.

7.9.1.2 The results of that workshop were taken into account within the studies with a clear preference stated for the Preferred Option outlined within this Consultation Report.

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Table 7.5 - Site, Corridor and Landfall Summary

Site Options Corridors Landfalls Criteria 1 2 3 4 A B C D E F G H I J K L SB CB NoP

Environmental

Commercial

Health and

Safety

Engineering/ Future Dev.

Key

SB = Sandford Bay, CB = Cruden Bay, NoP = North of Peterhead

Summary assessment colour coding:

Green – preferred option

Orange – medium preference

Red – least preferred option

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8.0 Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review

8.1 Introduction

8.1.1.1 A study has been completed to indentify the preferred approach to the Eastern HVDC and Associated Infrastructure. The study took a two stage approach. The initial phases of the study identified regional Option Areas based upon high level desk based data reviews. Peterhead was selected as the preferred Option Area.

8.1.1.2 The second stage required acquisition of more detailed baseline information in and around a defined zone around Peterhead, allied to detailed field visits. Using the assessment criteria within SHETL site selection guidance and the Holford Rules, a number of siting options were identified for the key components of the project, those being the substation/ converter station, cable corridor and landfall options. These options were then subject to appraisal to identify the overall combined option which represented the least environmentally damaging, on balance with engineering and commercial considerations.

8.1.1.3 The preferred option was found to be that consisting off Site 1 (Peterhead power Station), Corridor A, and Sandford Bay.

8.1.1.4 A figure which shows the location of the preferred site in relation to the Peterhead area is shown on Figure 6. Using aerial photography key features within the landscape such as the Power Station, Store Buildings, Prison and existing electricity infrastructure have been identified.

8.2 Conceptual layouts and detailed corridors

8.2.1.1 It is now SHETL’s intention to open consultations out to the wider stakeholder group in order to obtain feedback and comments. To help focus the nature of the feedback three site layout options have been created for the converter and substation within the preferred Site 1 area as shown on Figures 7 to 9 and as described below. A typical elevation of the substation and converter station in shown on Figure 10. It should be noted that other layouts within the preferred site may be considered following consultation feedback.

8.2.1.2 A detailed corridor linking the preferred site to the preferred landfall is shown in Figure 11.

8.2.2 Site Layout Options

8.2.2.1 Within the preferred site a substation and separate converter building need to be located. It is anticipated that the converter station will be 300m by 150m with an approximate height of 25m. The substation will house transformers, associated equipment as well as the GIS building and the overall footprint will be approximately 170m by 110m with a height of 18m.

8.2.2.2 Visualisations of the above three options have been generated using aerial photography draped over a digital terrain model (DTM). These visualisations have been generated to give an indication of the scale of the substation and converter buildings within the landscape.

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8.2.2.3 Layout Option 1 (see Figure 7 for additional detail)

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8.2.2.4 Within this option the HVDC converter station and substation are located north of Buckie Farm with the large agricultural store buildings located to the north and west. The ground rises in a westerly direction as one moves away from the A90 so the infrastructure would be located on the higher ground within the site however, away from visual receptors on the A90 and the scattered properties along this route. This option also avoids building on top of the embankment associated with the railway linking Stirling Hill Quarry to Peterhead Prison. However, it is likely that the underground cable would need to cross this unscheduled site. No other environmental constraints would be affected.

8.2.2.5 With regards to future development of the site there is potential to develop the land directly west of the A90 for any future similar developments.

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8.2.2.6 Layout Option 2 (see Figure 8 for additional detail)

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8.2.2.7 Within this option the HVDC converter station is located directly to the west of the A90. The substation is located to the west of Newton of Sandford. The converter station would be visible from the A90 and scattered properties along this route in this location however, landscaping would help to mitigate this. Furthermore, the converter station is located on top of the unscheduled embankment which would require archaeological attention during construction. It is also anticipated that due to the proximity of properties to the north and south of the converter station noise monitoring would be required. No other environmental constraints would be affected.

8.2.2.8 With regards to future development of the site there is potential to develop the land on the higher ground to the south east of the agricultural store buildings.

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8.2.2.9 Layout Option 3 (see Figure 9 for additional detail)

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8.2.2.10 Within this option the HVDC converter station is located directly to the west of the A90. The substation is located to the south of Newton of Sandford. As with before the converter station would be visible from the A90 and scattered properties along this route in this location however, landscaping would help to mitigate this. Furthermore, the converter station is located on top of the unscheduled embankment which would require archaeological attention during construction. It is also anticipated that due to the proximity of properties to the north and south of the converter station noise monitoring would be required. No other environmental constraints would be affected.

8.2.2.11 With regards to future development of the site, and as with option 2, there is potential to develop the land on the higher ground to the south east of the agricultural store buildings.

8.2.3 Detailed Corridor to Sandford Bay

8.2.3.1 In addition a more detailed corridor which links the converter and substation options within the preferred site to the preferred landfall at Sandford Bay has been generated. A working width of 250m has been shown as this would provide scope to avoid any localised constraints found during construction of the project. This corridor is shown on Figure 11 and described below:

8.2.3.2 From the field to the west of the A90 the corridor travels in an eastern direction and crosses the A90. Depending on which layout option is pursued the underground cable would need to cross the unscheduled railway embankment which would require archaeological attention during construction. The 250m wide corridor then crosses the A90 before travelling in a north eastern direction through the open land which surrounds the power station. The route then crosses a minor track which provides access to Sandford Lodge before crossing another field to the south of Sandford. The corridor then travels in a more easterly direction before dropping down into Sandford Bay.

8.2.3.3 The route crosses four notable footpaths which may require temporary diversion works during construction or which could be avoided depending on construction techniques. Sandford Bay is also partially designated as an SPA/ SAC and whilst the onshore cable could be routed to avoid this designation it is appreciated that the boundaries of such designations are usually blurred in reality. This designation is characterised by breeding birds and vegetated sea cliffs.

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APPENDIX 1 - Figures

Figure 1 – Regional Review

Figure 2 – Environmental Baseline

Figure 3a – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Options

Figure 3b – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Corridor Options

Figure 4 (Map 1 to 5) – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Environmental Designations

Figure 5 (Map 1 to 5) – Site, Corridor and Landfall Review – Planning Designations

Figure 6 – Peterhead Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Aerial

Figure 7 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Site Option 1

Figure 8 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Site Option 2

Figure 9 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Site Option 3

Figure 10 – Substation and Converter Station Elevations

Figure 11 – Preferred Site, Corridor and Landfall Review - Corridor to Sandford Bay

Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Limited (SHETL) Eastern HVDC Link Scotland Onshore Works (FINAL JANUARY 2012)

APPENDIX 2 – Environmental Criteria

Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Limited (SHETL) Eastern HVDC Link Scotland Onshore Works (FINAL JANUARY 2012)

Assigned Construction effects Operational effects level of Significance Negligible Zero effect: no environmental disturbance during construction Zero effect: no environmental disturbance during operation. Very Low Low temporary effect on receptors of low or moderate sensitivity or Negligible or low permanent effect on receptors of low sensitivity, limited medium temporary effect on receptors of low sensitivity, limited to to the immediate vicinity of the works. No risk of breach of environmental the immediate vicinity of the works. No permanent damage or legislation or of prescribed limits. disturbance. No risk of breach of environmental legislation or of prescribed limits. Low Low temporary effect on receptors of high sensitivity, located within Low permanent effect on receptors of moderate sensitivity, or medium the immediate vicinity of the works. High temporary effect on permanent effect on receptors of low sensitivity, both within and beyond receptors of low sensitivity, within or extending beyond the the immediate vicinity of the works. No risk of breach of environmental immediate vicinity of the works. legislation or of prescribed limits. No permanent damage or disturbance. No breach of environmental legislation or of prescribed limits. Medium Medium temporary effect on receptors of moderate or high Low permanent effect on receptors of high sensitivity; medium sensitivity, within or extending to beyond the immediate vicinity of permanent effect on receptors of moderate sensitivity, both within and the works. beyond the immediate vicinity of the works. High temporary effect on receptors of moderate significance, within No long term damage or disturbance. Minor risk of breach of or extending beyond the immediate vicinity of the works. No long environmental legislation or of prescribed limits. term damage or disturbance. Minor risk of breach of environmental legislation or of prescribed limits. High High temporary effect on receptors of high sensitivity, both within Medium permanent effect on receptors of high sensitivity; high and beyond the immediate vicinity of the works. No long term permanent effect on receptors of moderate sensitivity, both within and damage or disturbance. Moderate risk breach of environmental beyond the immediate vicinity of the works. Moderate risk of breach of legislation or of prescribed limits. environmental legislation or of prescribed limits. Very High Significant and/or sustained risk of breach of environmental High permanent effect on receptors of high sensitivity, extending to legislation or of prescribed limits. beyond the immediate vicinity of the works. Significant and/or sustained risk of breach of environmental legislation or of prescribed limits.

Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Limited (SHETL) Eastern HVDC Link Scotland Onshore Works (FINAL JANUARY 2012)

APPENDIX 3 – Data Sources

Source Data

Aberdeenshire Local Plan 2006 Residential & employment allocations Aberdeenshire Proposed Local Development Plan (July 2010) Main Issues report for Aberdeen City and Shire Strategic Development and Planning Authority Aberdeenshire Local Development Plan 2009 – Interim SEA Landscape designations (regional and local) Conservations Areas

Aberdeenshire Council (Banff) Planning Applications Rights of way Tree Preservation Orders Minerals and waste sites Sites and monument record (SMR) data

North East Scotland Biological Records Non-statutory designated sites Centre (NESBReC)

European protected species Nationally protected species

Scottish Rights of Way and Access Rights of way Society (Scotways) Heritage paths

Royal Commission on the Ancient and Digital data extract of the National Historical Monuments of Scotland Monuments Record of Scotland (NMRS) (RCAMHS)

Scottish Environment Protection Agency Flood Risk 1:1000 year zones (SEPA) Peterhead Power Station CCS ES project Peterhead Power Station CCS ES project cross-referenced

Scottish Hydro-Electric Transmission Limited (SHETL) Eastern HVDC Link Scotland Onshore Works (FINAL JANUARY 2012)

APPENDIX 4 - Citations

SPA - Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast

SSSI - Bullers of Buchan Coast

SSSI - Collieston to Whinnyfold Coast

SSSI - Hill of Longhaven

SSSI - Moss of Cruden

EC Directive 79/409 on the Conservation of Wild Birds

CITATION FOR SPECIAL PROTECTION AREA (SPA)

BUCHAN NESS TO COLLIESTON COAST (UK9002491)

INCLUDING MARINE EXTENSION

Site Description:

Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA is a stretch of south­east facing cliff in Aberdeenshire, Scotland. The 15 km stretch of cliffs, formed of granite, quartzite and other rocks, runs south of Peterhead, broken only by the sandy beach of Cruden Bay. The varied coastal vegetation on the ledges and the cliff tops includes maritime heath, grassland and brackish flushes.

The boundary of the SPA follows the boundaries of Bullers of Buchan Coast SSSI and Collieston to Whinnyfold Coast SSSI, and the seaward extension extends approximately 2 km into the marine environment to include the seabed, water column and surface.

Qualifying Interest (N.B. All figures relate to numbers at the time of classification except where amended by the 2001 SPA Review):

Buchan Ness to Collieston Coast SPA qualifies under Article 4.2 by regularly supporting in excess of 20,000 individual seabirds. It regularly supports 95,000 seabirds including nationally important populations of the following species: black­ legged kittiwake Rissa tridactyla (30,452 pairs, 6.2% of the GB population), common guillemot Uria aalge (8,640 pairs, 1.2% of GB population), herring gull Larus argentatus (4,292 pairs, 2.7% of the GB population), European shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis (1,045 pairs, 2.7% of the GB population) and Northern fulmar Fulmarus glacialis (1,765 pairs, 0.3% of the GB population).

Area: 5,400.94 Ha National Grid References: NK144440 to NK046255 OS sheet 1:50,000 – 30

Classified 30th March 1998, with marine extension classified on 25th September 2009

Scottish Natural Heritage September 2009

CITATION BULLERS OF BUCHAN COAST SITE OF SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Aberdeenshire Site code: 271

NATIONAL GRID REFERENCE : NK110380

OS 1: 50 000 SHEET NO : Landranger Series 30 1: 25 000 SHEET NO : Explorer Series 421, 427

AREA : 104.06 ha

NOTIFIED NATURAL FEATURES

Geological : Geomorphology : Coastal geomorphology of Scotland Biological : Coastlands : Maritime cliff : Birds : Seabird colony : Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla : Guillemot Uria aalge : Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis

DESCRIPTION

This site comprises the sea cliffs and coastal strip from Buchan Ness, near Peterhead, southwards to just beyond Slains Castle, near Cruden Bay, including the Bullers of Buchan. The cliffs, slopes and inshore stacks are of special geological and biological interest.

Coastal geomorphology

Bullers of Buchan is an important site for rock coast geomorphology, demonstrating an impressive range of forms developed in a relatively uniform, massive granite. Rectilinear jointing patterns in the granite, together with dykes, provide basic control on the coastal forms. Several distinctive landforms occur within a relatively small area – a variety of geos, complex inlets, caves, arches, stacks, skerries and linear reefs – and a range of cliff types is present.

The site provides an excellent opportunity for detailed research into the evolution of a rocky coastline since the end of the last ice age 14,000 years ago.

Maritime cliff habitat

The sea-cliffs and slopes support a wide range of maritime habitats including grassland, crevice and ledge communities with characteristic species such as thrift Armeria maritima, Scots lovage Ligusticum scoticum and roseroot Sedum rosea. The cliff top has some of the best examples of heath and brackish flushes on the coast of north-east Scotland.

1 A375679.doc

Birds

The sea-cliffs and inshore stacks support a colony of breeding seabirds which is of international importance. This assemblage includes nationally important populations of kittiwake Rissa tridactylas and guillemot Uria aalges. Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis, herring gull Larus argentatus, fulmar Fulmaris glacialis, razorbill Alca torda, and puffin Fratercula arctica are also present.

NOTIFICATION HISTORY

First notified under the 1949 Act in 1972. Re-notified under the 1981 Act on 17 September 1984 with a 54 ha decrease in area. Notification reviewed under the 2004 Act: 31 March 2010.

REMARKS

Measured area of site corrected (from 108.6 ha).

Bullers of Buchan SSSI is part of Buchan Ness to Collieston Special Area of Conservation (SAC) designated for the European habitat listed below and is also part of Buchan Ness to Collieston Special Protection Area (SPA) designated for the birds listed below:

Habitat: Vegetated sea cliffs Birds: Breeding seabird assemblage Birds: Fulmar Kittiwake Guillemot Shag Herring gull

2 A375679.doc CITATION COLLIESTON TO WHINNYFOLD COAST SITE OF SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Aberdeenshire Site code: 392

NATIONAL GRID REFERENCE: NK042285 to NK086337

OS 1: 50 000 SHEET NO: Landranger Series 30 1: 25 000 SHEET NO: Explorer Series 421, 427

AREA: 103.9 hectares

NOTIFIED NATURAL FEATURES

Geological : Structural and : Dalradian metamorphic geology Biological : Coastlands : Maritime cliff Seabird colony : Birds : Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla : Guillemot Uria aalge : Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis : Razorbill Alca torda : Vascular plants : Sea wormwood Seriphidium maritimum

DESCRIPTION

Collieston and Whinnyfold are located on the east coast of Aberdeenshire about 15 km south of Peterhead. This section of coast is important for geology and for coastal habitats and seabird colonies.

GEOLOGY

Dalradian

The well-exposed coast section between Collieston and Whinnyfold demonstrates the nature of early folding in the some of the youngest Dalradian rocks seen in the North-east Grampian Highlands. These Collieston Formation beds lie in the lower part of the Southern Highland Group and comprise turbiditic, originally sandy and muddy, psammites, semipelites and pelites. ‘Bouma sequences’ that typify turbidite successions can easily be recognized.

The rocks are folded into a large, composite, recumbent syncline. Numerous smaller-scale anticlines and synclines have axes that plunge gently to the north and axial planes that dip gently to the north-east. The beds become younger eastwards and hence the folds face east. Much of the succession lies on the upper inverted limb of the main syncline, as is shown by the graded bedding. The Collieston-Whinnyfold folds may represent the most north-easterly exposed extent of the Tay Nappe, although the structure here seems to have reduced amplitude.

Page 1 of 2 A100609.doc The more-pelitic rocks contain abundant cordierite, and andalusite is present in all but the lower grade north-eastern part of the section.

The site is of crucial importance in terms of regional interpretations of the Dalradian sequence and structure and lends itself to further study as well as providing an excellent teaching section.

BIOLOGY

Birds

Several headlands within this site support large colonies of cliff-nesting seabirds, in particular kittiwake, guillemot, razorbill and fulmar, with smaller numbers of puffin.

Habitats

The coastal slopes have interesting species-rich grasslands and flushes. Possibly due to the local microclimate and relatively fertile soils, these contain several plants which are scarce or rare in north-east Scotland, including carline thistle Carlina vulgaris, cowslip Primula veris and the most northerly population of sea wormwood Seriphidium maritimum in Britain.

NOTIFICATION HISTORY

First notified under the 1949: 1971. Re-notified, under the 1981 Act: 29 April 1985. Notification reviewed under the 2004 Act: 13 June 2011.

REMARKS

Measured area of site corrected (from 104.2 ha).

Collieston to Whinnyfold Coast SSSI is part of Buchan Ness to Colliestion Special Area of Conservation (SAC), which is designated for the European habitat listed below and is also part of Buchan Ness to Colliestion Special Protection Area (SPA), which is designated for the birds listed below.

Habitat: Vegetated sea cliffs Birds: Breeding seabird assemblage Fulmar Fulmarus glacialis Kittiwake Rissa tridactyla Guillemot Uria aalge Shag Phalacrocorax aristotelis Herring gull Larus argentatus

Page 2 of 2 A100609.doc CITATION HILL OF LONGHAVEN SITE OF SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Aberdeenshire Site code: 785 NATIONAL GRID REFERENCE : NK083424

OS 1: 50 000 SHEET NO : Landranger Series 30 1: 25 000 SHEET NO : Explorer Series 427

AREA : 1.51 hectares

NOTIFIED NATURAL FEATURES

Geological : Quaternary geology and geomorphology : Quaternary of Scotland

DESCRIPTION

The Hill of Longhaven, located 6km to the south­west of Peterhead, is of considerable geomorphological interest for a classic exposure of the deeply weathered granite of north­east Scotland. The exposure shows one of the best examples of the granular disintegration of granite to a poorly coherent ‘grus’, which is the product of long­continued weathering processes under humid­temperate conditions beginning in the Neogene and continuing through the Quaternary interglacial periods. Hill of Longhaven provides a particularly vivid example of the weathering processes that have contributed to the shaping of the present landscape of Scotland. Its survival is also significant in indicating the relatively low impact of glacial erosion in north­east Scotland.

NOTIFICATION HISTORY

First notified under the 1981 Act: 14 June 1984. Notification reviewed under the 2004 Act: 21 April 2011.

REMARKS

Measured area corrected (from 1.70 ha).

A205583.doc CITATION MOSS OF CRUDEN SITE OF SPECIAL SCIENTIFIC INTEREST Aberdeenshire Site code: 1197 NATIONAL GRID REFERENCE : NK027402

OS 1: 50 000 SHEET NO : Landranger Series 30 1: 25 000 SHEET NO : Explorer Series 427

AREA : 85.7 hectares

NOTIFIED NATURAL FEATURES

Geological : Quaternary geology and geomorphology : Quaternary of Scotland

DESCRIPTION

The Moss of Cruden is located 11 km south-west of Peterhead.

The site is the ‘type locality’ for a series of flint gravels (the Buchan Ridge Gravel Member) that, together with a series of quartzite gravels (the Windy Hills Gravel Member), form a unique set of deposits, the Buchan Gravels Formation, often known as the ‘Pliocene’ gravels of Buchan. The age and origin of these deposits have long been a source of scientific study and debate. Current interpretations suggest that the Moss of Cruden gravels are either in situ Neogene beach deposits (possibly later fluvially reworked) or they were transported by rivers or glacial meltwaters during the Neogene or Early-Quaternary. Following deposition, the gravels were modified by a range of processes reflecting later changes in environmental conditions, including chemical weathering, glaciation and periglacial processes.

Together with the quartzite gravels at Windy Hills, Moss of Cruden is of exceptional importance in providing a uniquely long record of some of the geomorphological processes and environmental conditions that have shaped the landscape of Scotland during and since the Neogene.

NOTIFICATION HISTORY

First notified under the 1981 Act: 7 June 1984. Notification reviewed under the 2004 Act: 9 May 2011.

REMARKS

Measured area corrected (from 85.12 ha).

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