Rylands V Fletcher

1868 WL 9885 Page 1 (1868) L.R. 3 H.L. 330 (1868) L.R. 3 H.L. 330

Rylands v Fletcher

Also known as: Fletcher v Rylands

House of Lords

17 July 1868

Case Analysis

Where Reported (1868) L.R. 3 H.L. 330;

Case Digest

Subject: Real property

Keywords: Causes of action, Damage, Land drainage, Mines, Neighbouring land, Negligence

Abstract:

Judges: Lord Cairns, L.C.Cairns, Lord, LC

Appellate History affirming

(1868) L.R. 3 H.L. 330 reversing

(1865-66) L.R. 1 Ex. 265; [1865-66] All E.R. Rep. 1; (1866) 4 Hurl. & C. 263

159 E.R. 737; (1865) 3 Hurl. & C. 774

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Significant Cases Cited

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Allen v Hayward

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In re Williams v Groucott 122 E.R. 416; (1863) 4 B. & S. 149 KB

Smith v Kenrick 137 E.R. 205; (1849) 7 C.B. 515 QB

Imperial Gas Light and Coke Co v Broadbent 11 E.R. 239; (1859) 7 H.L. Cas. 600 QB

Bamford v Turnley 122 E.R. 25; (1860) 3 B. & S. 62 KB

Pickard v Smith 142 E.R. 535; (1861) 10 C.B. N.S. 470 CCP

Chadwick v Trower 133 E.R. 1; (1839) 6 Bing. N.C. 1 CCP

Sutton v Clarke 128 E.R. 943; (1815) 6 Taunt. 29 CCP

Baird v Williamson 143 E.R. 831; (1863) 15 C.B. N.S. 376 CCP

George Chasemore v Henry Richards 11 E.R. 140; (1859) 7 H.L. Cas. 349 HL

Partridge v Scott 150 E.R. 1124; (1838) 3 M. & W. 220 Ex Ct

Surtees v Lister 158 E.R. 367; (1861) 7 Hurl. & N. 1 Ex Ct

Tenant v Goldwin

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Acton v Blundell 152 E.R. 1223; (1843) 12 M. & W. 324 Ex Ct

Peachey v Rowland 138 E.R. 1167; (1853) 13 C.B. 182 CCP

Hodgkinson v Ennor 122 E.R. 446; (1863) 4 B. & S. 229 KB

Cases Citing This Case considered Cammidge v Young [1997] C.L.Y. 3803 CC (Birmingham) applied Dunne v North Western Gas Board [1964] 2 Q.B. 806; [1964] 2 W.L.R. 164; [1963] 3 All E.R. 916; 62 L.G.R. 197; (1963) 107 S.J. 890 CA applied Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather Plc [1993] Env. L.R. 116; Times, October 23, 1991 QBD considered Mitchell v Mason (1966) 10 W.I.R. 26 CA considered Read v J Lyons & Co Ltd [1947] A.C. 156; [1946] 2 All E.R. 471; (1947) 80 Ll. L. Rep. 1; (1946) 62 T.L.R. 646; [1947] L.J.R. 39; 175 L.T. 413 HL applied Weisler, Weisler and Seaboard Enterprises v District of North Vancouver, Delves, British Columbia Elec- tric Co and Christie (1959) 17 D.L.R. (2d) 319

distinguished Landeys (Doncaster) v Fletcher (1958) 109 L.J. 204 CC considered Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather Plc [1994] 2 A.C. 264; [1994] 2 W.L.R. 53; [1994] 1 All E.R. 53; [1994] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 261; [1994] Env. L.R. 105; [1993] E.G. 211 (C.S.); (1994) 144 N.L.J. 15; (1994) 138 S.J.L.B. 24; Times, December 10, 1993; Independent, December 10, 1993 HL considered Bedfordshire Police Authority v Constable [2009] EWCA Civ 64; [2009] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 200; [2009] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 607; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div) applied Cordin v Newport City Council Unreported, January 23, 2008 QBD (TCC) applied H&N Emanuel v Greater London Council (1970) 114 S.J. 653; Times, July 21, 1970 QBD applied Ellison v Ministry of Defence 81 B.L.R. 101; Official Transcript QBD (OR) applied Federic v Perpetual Investments (1968) 2 D.L.R. (3d) 50 HC (Ont) considered Fowler v Lanning [1959] 1 Q.B. 426; [1959] 2 W.L.R. 241; [1959] 1 All E.R. 290; (1959) 103 S.J. 157 QBD considered Balfour v Barty King [1957] 1 Q.B. 496; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 84; [1957] 1 All E.R. 156; [1956] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 646; (1957) 101 S.J. 62 CA

applied Canadian Forest Products v Hudson Lumber Co (1960) 20 D.L.R. (2d) 712 Sup Ct (BC) considered Benning v Wong (1969) 43 A.L.J.R. 467 HC (Aus) considered Pearson v North Western Gas Board [1968] 2 All E.R. 669 Assizes (Manchester) considered J Doltis Ltd v Isaac Braithwaite & Sons (Engineers) Ltd [1957] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 522 QBD referred to Holderness v Goslin [1975] 2 N.Z.L.R. 46 applied Halsey v Esso Petroleum Co Ltd [1961] 1 W.L.R. 683; [1961] 2 All E.R. 145; (1961) 105 S.J. 209 QBD applied Home Brewery Co v William Davis & Co (Leicester) [1987] Q.B. 339; [1987] 2 W.L.R. 117; [1987] 1 All E.R. 637; (1987) 84 L.S.G. 657; (1987) 131 S.J. 102; Times, August 13, 1986 QBD considered Home Office v Dorset Yacht Co Ltd [1970] A.C. 1004; [1970] 2 W.L.R. 1140; [1970] 2 All E.R. 294; [1970] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 453; (1970) 114 S.J. 375 HL applied E Hobbs (Farms) Ltd v Baxenden (Chemical Co) Ltd [1992] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 54 QBD referred to Mihalchuk v Ratke

(1966) 57 D.L.R. (2d) 269 referred to Lamberty v Saskatchewan Power Corp (1966) 59 D.L.R. (2d) 246 considered Salsbury v Woodland [1970] 1 Q.B. 324; [1969] 3 W.L.R. 29; [1969] 3 All E.R. 863; (1969) 113 S.J. 327 CA (Civ Div) applied Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Southport Corp [1953] 3 W.L.R. 773; [1953] 2 All E.R. 1204; [1953] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 414; (1954) 118 J.P. 1; 52 L.G.R. 22; (1953) 97 S.J. 764 Assizes (Liverpool) applied Shell-Mex & BP v Belfast Corp [1952] N.I. 72 CA considered Mandraj and Mandraj v Texaco Trinidad Inc (1969) 15 W.I.R. 251 CA (Trin) applied Seaway Hotels v Canada Cragg and Consumers Gas Co (1959) 17 D.L.R. (2d) 292 considered A Prosser & Son Ltd v Levy [1955] 1 W.L.R. 1224; [1955] 3 All E.R. 577; (1955) 99 S.J. 815 CA applied Aldridge and O'Brien v Van Patter [1952] 4 D.L.R. 93 HC (Ont) applied Hiller v Air Ministry Times, December 8, 1962 distinguished Perkins v Glyn

[1976] C.L.Y. 1883 CC applied Bowden v South West Water Services Ltd [1998] 3 C.M.L.R. 330; [1998] Eu. L.R. 418; [1998] Env. L.R. 445 QBD distinguished Perry v Kendricks Transport [1956] 1 W.L.R. 85; [1956] 1 All E.R. 154; (1956) 100 S.J. 52 CA considered McLaughlan v Craig 1948 S.C. 599; 1948 S.L.T. 483; 1948 S.L.T. (Notes) 53 IH (1 Div) applied Gilson v Kerrier DC [1976] 1 W.L.R. 904; [1976] 3 All E.R. 343; 75 L.G.R. 60; (1976) 120 S.J. 572 CA (Civ Div) not applied Bottoni v Henderson (1978) 90 D.L.R. (3d) 301 HC (Ont) referred to Matheson v Northcote College Board of Governors [1975] 2 N.Z.L.R. 106 considered Smith v Scott [1973] Ch. 314; [1972] 3 W.L.R. 783; [1972] 3 All E.R. 645; (1972) 116 S.J. 785 Ch D considered Doughty v Turner Manufacturing Co [1964] 1 Q.B. 518; [1964] 2 W.L.R. 240; [1964] 1 All E.R. 98; (1964) 108 S.J. 53 CA applied James (Noel T) v Central Electricity Authority (1958) 108 L.J. 250 applied

Rogers v Kaus [1976] C.L.Y. 330.u considered Wise Bros Pty v Commissioner for Railways (NSW) 75 C.L.R. 59; (1947) 21 A.L.J. 287 HC (Aus) considered Transco Plc v Stockport MBC [2001] EWCA Civ 212; [2001] Env. L.R. 44; (2001) 3 L.G.L.R. 33; [2001] 9 E.G. 228 (C.S.); (2001) 98(9) L.S.G. 42; [2001] Env. L.R. D11; Daily Telegraph, March 6, 2001; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div) considered C Burley Ltd v Stepney Corp [1947] 1 All E.R. 507; (1947) 80 Ll. L. Rep. 289; (1947) 111 J.P. 258; 176 L.T. 535 KBD applied Curtis v Lutes [1953] 4 D.L.R. 188 CA (Ont) distinguished Lewis v North Vancouver (District of) (1963) 40 D.L.R. (2d) 182 applied Lindsay and Lindsay v R. (1956) 5 D.L.R. (2d) 349 Ex Ct (Can) considered Smeaton v Ilford Corp [1954] Ch. 450; [1954] 2 W.L.R. 668; [1954] 1 All E.R. 923; (1954) 118 J.P. 290; 52 L.G.R. 253; (1954) 98 S.J. 251 Ch D applied British Celanese Ltd v AH Hunt (Capacitors) Ltd [1969] 1 W.L.R. 959; [1969] 2 All E.R. 1252; (1969) 113 S.J. 368 QBD considered Smith v Lewisham LBC Times, June 8, 1972

Ch D referred to Cambridge Water Co Ltd v Eastern Counties Leather Plc [1993] Env. L.R. 287; [1992] N.P.C. 147; Times, December 29, 1992 CA (Civ Div) applied Downes v Cameron [1976] C.L.Y. 332.u applied Neath Rural DC v Williams [1951] 1 K.B. 115; [1950] 2 All E.R. 625; 66 T.L.R. (Pt. 2) 539; (1950) 114 J.P. 464; 49 L.G.R. 177; (1950) 94 S.J. 568 DC considered Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Miller Steamship Co Pty Ltd (The Wagon Mound) [1963] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 402 Sup Ct (NSW) applied Vaughn v Halifax-Dartmouth Bridge Commission (1961) 29 D.L.R. (2d) 523 applied Petter v Metropolitan Properties Co (1974) 231 E.G. 491 CA (Civ Div) applied Petter v Metropolitan Properties Co (1973) 229 E.G. 973 HC applied Behrens v Bertram Mills Circus Ltd [1957] 2 Q.B. 1; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 404; [1957] 1 All E.R. 583; (1957) 101 S.J. 208 QBD applied Ryeford Homes Ltd v Sevenoaks DC 46 B.L.R. 34; 16 Con. L.R. 75; [1989] 2 E.G.L.R. 281; (1990) 6 Const. L.J. 170; [1990] J.P.L. 36; (1989) 139 N.L.J. 255; Times, February 15, 1989; Independent, February 14, 1989 QBD

applied Barrette v Franki Compressed Pile Co of Canada [1955] 2 D.L.R. 665 CJ (Gen Div) (Ont) considered Transco Plc v Stockport MBC [2003] UKHL 61; [2004] 2 A.C. 1; [2003] 3 W.L.R. 1467; [2004] 1 All E.R. 589; 91 Con. L.R. 28; [2004] Env. L.R. 24; [2003] 48 E.G. 127 (C.S.); (2003) 153 N.L.J. 1791; (2003) 147 S.J.L.B. 1367; [2003] N.P.C. 143; [2004] 1 P. & C.R. DG12; Times, November 20, 2003; Independent, November 25, 2003; Official Transcript HL considered Sochacki v Sas [1947] 1 All E.R. 344 KBD applied Heintzman & Co v Hashman Construction (1972) 32 D.L.R. (3d) 622 Sup Ct (Alta) considered RHM Bakeries (Scotland) Ltd v Strathclyde RC 1985 S.C. (H.L.) 17; 1985 S.L.T. 214; Times, January 29, 1985 HL applied Crown River Cruises Ltd v Kimbolton Fireworks Ltd [1996] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 533; [1996] C.L.C. 1214; Times, March 6, 1996 QBD (Comm) applied LMS International Ltd v Styrene Packaging & Insulation Ltd [2005] EWHC 2065 (TCC); [2006] T.C.L.R. 6; Official Transcript QBD (TCC) considered Pride of Derby and Derbyshire Angling Association Ltd v British Celanese Ltd [1952] 1 All E.R. 1326; [1952] 1 T.L.R. 1013; 50 L.G.R. 488; [1952] W.N. 227; (1952) 96 S.J. 263 Ch D distinguished Leakey v National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty [1980] Q.B. 485; [1980] 2 W.L.R. 65; [1980] 1 All E.R. 17; 78 L.G.R. 100; (1979) 123 S.J. 606 CA (Civ Div)

considered Boxes Ltd v British Waterways Board [1971] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 183; 70 L.G.R. 1 CA (Civ Div)

Essa v Laing Ltd [2003] I.C.R. 1110; [2003] I.R.L.R. 346; (2003) 100(18) L.S.G. 34; Times, April 7, 2003; Official Transcript EAT

Boynton v Ancholme Drainage and Navigation Commissioners [1921] 2 K.B. 213 CA

Booth v Thomas [1926] Ch. 109 Ch D

Canadian Pacific Railway Co v Parke [1899] A.C. 535 PC (Can)

Cowper-Essex v Acton Local Board (1889) L.R. 14 App. Cas. 153 HL

Western Silver Fox Ranch Ltd v Ross and Cromarty CC 1940 S.C. 601; 1940 S.L.T. 144 OH

Glasgow DC v Carroll 1991 S.L.T. (Sh. Ct.) 46; 1991 S.C.L.R. 199 Sh Ct (Glasgow)

Newcastle under Lyme Corp v Wolstanton Ltd [1947] Ch. 92; [1946] 2 All E.R. 447 Ch D

Jordeson v Sutton Southcoates and Drypool Gas Co [1899] 2 Ch. 217 CA

Leong Bee & Co v Ling Nam Rubber Works [1970] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 247; (1970) 114 S.J. 806 PC (Mal)

Lippiatt v South Gloucestershire Council [2000] Q.B. 51; [1999] 3 W.L.R. 137; [1999] 4 All E.R. 149; (1999) 31 H.L.R. 1114; (1999) 1 L.G.L.R. 865; [1999] B.L.G.R. 562; (1999) 96(15) L.S.G. 31; Times, April 9, 1999; Independent, April 30, 1999

CA (Civ Div)

Colour Quest Ltd v Total Downstream UK Plc [2009] EWHC 540 (Comm); [2009] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 1; [2009] 1 C.L.C. 186; (2009) 153(12) S.J.L.B. 29; Official Transcript QBD (Comm)

Hamilton v Papakura DC [2002] UKPC 9; (2002) 146 S.J.L.B. 75; Times, March 5, 2002; Official Transcript PC (NZ)

Canadian Pacific Railway Co v Roy [1902] A.C. 220 PC (Can)

Corby Group Litigation Claimants v Corby BC [2008] EWCA Civ 463; [2009] Q.B. 335; [2009] 2 W.L.R. 609; [2009] 4 All E.R. 44; [2008] C.P. Rep. 32; [2008] B.L.R. 411; [2009] Env. L.R. 2; [2008] P.I.Q.R. P16; [2008] C.I.L.L. 2597; [2009] J.P.L. 64; [2008] 19 E.G. 204 (C.S.); (2008) 152(21) S.J.L.B. 32; [2008] N.P.C. 58; Times, May 28, 2008; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Manton v Brocklebank [1923] 1 K.B. 406 KBD

Baxter v Camden LBC (No.2) [2001] Q.B. 1; [1999] 2 W.L.R. 566; [1999] 1 All E.R. 237; [1999] Env. L.R. 561; (1999) 31 H.L.R. 356; [1999] B.L.G.R. 239; [1999] L. & T.R. 136; [1998] E.G. 157 (C.S.); (1998) 95(45) L.S.G. 41; (1999) 143 S.J.L.B. 11; [1998] N.P.C. 147; [1999] E.H.L.R. Dig. 205; Times, November 11, 1998 CA (Civ Div)

Blake v Barking and Dagenham LBC (1998) 30 H.L.R. 963; [1999] P.N.L.R. 171; [1996] E.G. 145 (C.S.); [1996] N.P.C. 134; Times, November 1, 1996 QBD

Westhoughton Coal and Cannel Co Ltd v Wigan Coal Corp Ltd [1939] Ch. 393 Ch D

Alegrete Shipping Co Inc v International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1971 (The Sea Empress) [2003] EWCA Civ 65; [2003] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 1; [2003] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 327; [2003] 1 C.L.C. 325; (2003) 100(13) L.S.G. 27; [2003] Env. L.R. D11; Times, February 27, 2003; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Esso Petroleum Co Ltd v Hall Russell & Co Ltd (The Esso Bernicia) [1989] A.C. 643; [1988] 3 W.L.R. 730; [1989] 1 All E.R. 37; [1989] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 8; 1988 S.L.T. 874; (1988)

85(42) L.S.G. 48; (1988) 132 S.J. 1459; Times, October 7, 1988 HL

Delaware Mansions Ltd v Westminster City Council [2001] UKHL 55; [2002] 1 A.C. 321; [2001] 3 W.L.R. 1007; [2001] 4 All E.R. 737; [2002] B.L.R. 25; [2002] T.C.L.R. 8; 79 Con. L.R. 39; [2002] B.L.G.R. 1; [2001] 44 E.G. 150 (C.S.); (2001) 98(45) L.S.G. 26; (2001) 151 N.L.J. 1611; (2001) 145 S.J.L.B. 259; [2001] N.P.C. 151; Times, October 26, 2001; Independent, December 17, 2001; Official Transcript HL

Kuwait Airways Corp v Iraqi Airways Co (No.6) [2002] UKHL 19; [2002] 2 A.C. 883; [2002] 2 W.L.R. 1353; [2002] 3 All E.R. 209; [2002] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 843; [2003] 1 C.L.C. 183; Times, May 21, 2002; Official Transcript HL

Jan De Nul (UK) Ltd v Axa Royale Belge SA (formerly NV Royale Belge) [2000] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 700; [2001] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 327; Official Transcript QBD (Comm)

Blue Circle Industries Plc v Ministry of Defence [1999] Ch. 289; [1999] 2 W.L.R. 295; [1998] 3 All E.R. 385; [1999] Env. L.R. 22; [1998] E.G. 93 (C.S.); [1998] N.P.C. 100; Times, June 16, 1998 CA (Civ Div)

Lumbermans Mutual Casualty Co v Bovis Lend Lease Ltd (Preliminary Issues) [2004] EWHC 2197 (Comm); [2005] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 669; [2005] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 494; [2005] 2 C.L.C. 617; [2005] B.L.R. 47; 98 Con. L.R. 21; [2005] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 74; [2004] 42 E.G. 160 (C.S.); Official Transcript QBD (Comm)

Montreal Transportation Co Ltd v King, The (1926) 24 Ll. L. Rep. 242 PC (Can)

Fletcher v Bealey (1885) L.R. 28 Ch. D. 688 Ch D

Dixon v Metropolitan Board of Works (1880-81) L.R. 7 Q.B.D. 418 QBD

News Group Newspapers Ltd v Society of Graphical and Allied Trades (SOGAT) 1982 [1987] I.C.R. 181; [1986] I.R.L.R. 337; (1986) 136 N.L.J. 893; Times, August 1, 1986 QBD

Dymond v Pearce [1972] 1 Q.B. 496; [1972] 2 W.L.R. 633; [1972] 1 All E.R. 1142; [1972] R.T.R. 169; (1972) 116 S.J. 62

CA (Civ Div)

Rapier v London Tramways Co [1893] 2 Ch. 588 CA

Spartan Steel & Alloys Ltd v Martin & Co (Contractors) Ltd [1973] Q.B. 27; [1972] 3 W.L.R. 502; [1972] 3 All E.R. 557; 14 K.I.R. 75; (1972) 116 S.J. 648 CA (Civ Div)

Price v Cromack [1975] 1 W.L.R. 988; [1975] 2 All E.R. 113; (1975) 119 S.J. 458 QBD

Thomas & Evans Ltd v Mid-Rhondda Cooperative Society Ltd [1941] 1 K.B. 381 CA

Cheater v Cater [1917] 2 K.B. 516 KBD

Lowery v Walker [1910] 1 K.B. 173 CA

Manchester Corp v Markland [1934] 1 K.B. 566 CA

Merlin v British Nuclear Fuels Plc [1990] 2 Q.B. 557; [1990] 3 W.L.R. 383; [1990] 3 All E.R. 711 QBD

Kay, Re [1968] 1 Q.B. 140; [1967] 3 W.L.R. 695; [1967] 3 All E.R. 22; 3 K.I.R. 18; (1967) 111 S.J. 351 CA (Civ Div)

Butler v Standard Telephones & Cables Ltd [1940] 1 K.B. 399 KBD

McKenna v British Aluminium Ltd [2002] Env. L.R. 30; Times, April 25, 2002; Official Transcript Ch D

Arscott v Coal Authority [2004] EWCA Civ 892; [2005] Env. L.R. 6; (2004) 148 S.J.L.B. 880; [2004] N.P.C. 114; Official Transcript

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Bridlington Relay v Yorkshire Electricity Board [1965] Ch. 436; [1965] 2 W.L.R. 349; [1965] 1 All E.R. 264; (1965) 109 S.J. 12 Ch D

Graigola Merthyr Co Ltd v Swansea Corp [1928] Ch. 31 Ch D

Cheater v Cater [1918] 1 K.B. 247 CA

Phillips v Britannia Hygienic Laundry Co Ltd [1923] 1 K.B. 539 KBD

Radstock Cooperative & Industrial Society v Norton-Radstock Urban DC [1967] Ch. 1094; [1967] 3 W.L.R. 588; [1967] 2 All E.R. 812; (1967) 131 J.P. 387; 65 L.G.R. 518 Ch D

Fletcher v Smith (1871-72) L.R. 7 Ex. 305; (1869-72) L.R. 2 P. & D. 20 Ex Ct

Countess of Rothes v Kirkcaldy and Dysart Waterworks Commissioners (1881-82) L.R. 7 App. Cas. 694; (1882) 9 R. (H.L.) 108 HL

Lupton (Inspector of Taxes) v FA & AB Ltd [1972] A.C. 634; [1971] 3 W.L.R. 670; [1971] 3 All E.R. 948; 47 T.C. 580; [1971] T.R. 284; (1971) 115 S.J. 849 HL

Shipsey v British & South American Steam Navigation Co (1936) 54 Ll. L. Rep. 188 Sup Ct (Irl)

Alegrete Shipping Co Inc v International Oil Pollution Compensation Fund 1971 (The Sea Empress) [2002] EWHC 1095 (Admlty); [2002] 2 All E.R. (Comm) 416; [2003] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 123; [2003] Env. L.R. 8; [2003] Env. L.R. D2; Official Transcript QBD (Admlty)

Rainham Chemical Works Ltd (In Liquidation) v Belvedere Fish Guano Co Ltd [1921] 2 A.C. 465 HL

Nichols v Marsland (1874-75) L.R. 10 Ex. 255 Ex Ct

Whalley v Lancashire and Yorkshire Railway Co (1883-84) L.R. 13 Q.B.D. 131 CA

Anderson v Buckhaven and Methil Burgh 1955 S.L.T. (Sh. Ct.) 50; (1955) 71 Sh. Ct. Rep. 180 Sh Ct (Tayside)

Bowie v Wylie (1899) 6 S.L.T. 315 IH (2 Div)

Balfour v Barty King [1956] 1 W.L.R. 779; [1956] 2 All E.R. 555; [1956] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 600; (1956) 100 S.J. 472 QBD

Dodd Properties (Kent) Ltd v Canterbury City Council [1980] 1 W.L.R. 433; [1980] 1 All E.R. 928; 13 B.L.R. 45; (1979) 253 E.G. 1335; (1980) 124 S.J. 84 CA (Civ Div)

Beckett v Newalls Insulation Co [1953] 1 W.L.R. 8; [1953] 1 All E.R. 250; [1953] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 53; (1953) 97 S.J. 8 CA

Sturge v Hackett [1962] 1 W.L.R. 1257; [1962] 3 All E.R. 166; [1962] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 626; (1962) 106 S.J. 568 CA

Midwood & Co v Manchester Corp [1905] 2 K.B. 597 CA

Bartlett v Tottenham [1932] 1 Ch. 114 Ch D

Dell v Chesham Urban DC [1921] 3 K.B. 427 KBD

Department of Transport v North West Water Authority [1983] 3 W.L.R. 105; [1983] 1 All E.R. 892; 81 L.G.R. 599; (1983) 127 S.J. 426; Times, December 9, 1982 QBD

Deen v Davies [1935] 2 K.B. 282 CA

Performing Right Society Ltd v Ciryl Theatrical Syndicate Ltd [1924] 1 K.B. 1 CA

Crompton v Lea (1874-75) L.R. 19 Eq. 115 Ct of Chancery

King v Liverpool City Council [1986] 1 W.L.R. 890; [1986] 3 All E.R. 544; (1986) 18 H.L.R. 307; 84 L.G.R. 871; [1986] 1 E.G.L.R. 181; (1986) 278 E.G. 278; (1986) 83 L.S.G. 2492; (1986) 136 N.L.J. 334; (1986) 130 S.J. 505 CA (Civ Div)

Barker v Herbert [1911] 2 K.B. 633 CA

Henderson v John Stuart (Farms) Ltd 1963 S.C. 245; 1963 S.L.T. 22; 1962 S.L.T. (Notes) 102 OH

D McIntyre & Son Ltd v Soutar 1980 S.L.T. (Sh. Ct.) 115 Sh Ct (Tayside)

Alphacell Ltd v Woodward [1972] A.C. 824; [1972] 2 W.L.R. 1320; [1972] 2 All E.R. 475; 70 L.G.R. 455; [1972] Crim. L.R. 41; (1972) 116 S.J. 431 HL

Jones v Pritchard [1908] 1 Ch. 630 Ch D

Child v Hearn (1873-74) L.R. 9 Ex. 176 Ex Ct

Bedfordshire Police Authority v Constable [2008] EWHC 1375 (Comm); [2009] Lloyd's Rep. I.R. 39; Official Transcript QBD (Comm)

Radstock Cooperative & Industrial Society v Norton-Radstock Urban DC [1968] Ch. 605; [1968] 2 W.L.R. 1214; [1968] 2 All E.R. 59; (1968) 132 J.P. 238; 66 L.G.R. 457; (1968) 112

S.J. 135 CA (Civ Div)

Alphacell Ltd v Woodward [1972] 1 Q.B. 127; [1971] 3 W.L.R. 445; [1971] 2 All E.R. 910; 69 L.G.R. 561; (1971) 115 S.J. 464 QBD

Bluett v Suffolk CC [2004] EWHC 378 (QB); Official Transcript QBD

RH Buckley & Sons Ltd v N Buckley & Sons [1898] 2 Q.B. 608 CA

Weller & Co v Foot & Mouth Disease Research Institute [1966] 1 Q.B. 569; [1965] 3 W.L.R. 1082; [1965] 3 All E.R. 560; [1965] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 414; (1965) 109 S.J. 702 QBD

Rigby v Chief Constable of Northamptonshire [1985] 1 W.L.R. 1242; [1985] 2 All E.R. 985; (1986) 83 L.S.G. 46 QBD

Rainham Chemical Works Ltd (In Liquidation) v Belvedere Fish Guano Co Ltd [1920] 2 K.B. 487 CA

Attorney General v Corke [1933] Ch. 89 Ch D

Marshall v Moncrieffe 1912 2 S.L.T. 306 Sh Ct

C (A Minor) v DPP [1996] A.C. 1; [1995] 2 W.L.R. 383; [1995] 2 All E.R. 43; [1995] 2 Cr. App. R. 166; (1995) 159 J.P. 269; [1995] R.T.R. 261; [1995] 1 F.L.R. 933; [1995] Crim. L.R. 801; [1995] Fam. Law 400; (1995) 159 J.P.N. 248; (1995) 145 N.L.J. 416; Times, March 17, 1995; Independent, March 21, 1995 HL

I&J Hyman (Sales) Ltd v A Benedyk & Co Ltd [1957] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 601 CC (Lambeth)

Smith v Giddy [1904] 2 K.B. 448

KBD

Eastern and South African Telegraph Co Ltd v Cape Town Tramway Cos Ltd [1902] A.C. 381 PC (Cape)

Shirvell v Hackwood Estates Co Ltd [1938] 2 K.B. 577 CA

Attorney General v PYA Quarries Ltd (No.1) [1957] 2 Q.B. 169; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 770; [1957] 1 All E.R. 894; (1957) 121 J.P. 323; 55 L.G.R. 208; (1957) 101 S.J. 338 CA

Holliday v Wakefield Borough (1888) L.R. 20 Q.B.D. 699 CA

Kiddle v City Business Properties Ltd [1942] 1 K.B. 269 KBD

Foster v Warblington Urban DC [1906] 1 K.B. 648 CA

Greenock Corp v Caledonian Railway Co [1917] A.C. 556; 1917 S.C. (H.L.) 56; 1917 2 S.L.T. 67 HL

Fletcher v Smith (1876-77) L.R. 2 App. Cas. 781 HL

Knott v London CC [1934] 1 K.B. 126 CA

Wing v London General Omnibus Co [1909] 2 K.B. 652 CA

Pride of Derby and Derbyshire Angling Association Ltd v British Celanese Ltd [1953] Ch. 149; [1953] 2 W.L.R. 58; [1953] 1 All E.R. 179; (1953) 117 J.P. 52; 51 L.G.R. 121; (1953) 97 S.J. 28 CA

Haseldine v Daw & Son Ltd [1941] 2 K.B. 343 CA

Ballard v Tomlinson (1884) L.R. 26 Ch. D. 194 Ch D

Postmaster General v Liverpool Corp (1921) 9 Ll. L. Rep. 351 KBD

Anderson v Oppenheimer (1879-80) L.R. 5 Q.B.D. 602 CA

Snow v Whitehead (1884) L.R. 27 Ch. D. 588 Ch D

Phillimore v Watford Rural DC [1913] 2 Ch. 434 Ch D

Holliday v Wakefield Borough [1891] A.C. 81 HL

Noble v Harrison [1926] 2 K.B. 332; 49 A.L.R. 833 KBD

Quebec Railway Light Heat and Power Co Ltd v Vandry [1920] A.C. 662 PC (Can)

Malone v Laskey [1907] 2 K.B. 141 CA

North Western Utilities Ltd v London Guarantee & Accident Co Ltd [1936] A.C. 108; (1935) 53 Ll. L. Rep. 67; (1935) 53 Ll. L. Rep. 67; [1935] W.N. 176 PC (Can)

Howard v Furness-Houlder Argentine Lines Ltd (1936) 55 Ll. L. Rep. 121 KBD

Dunn v Birmingham Canal Navigation Co Proprietors (1872-73) L.R. 8 Q.B. 42 Ex Chamber

Jones v Festiniog Railway Co (1867-68) L.R. 3 Q.B. 733 QB

Intpro Properties (UK) v Sauvel [1983] Q.B. 1019; [1983] 2 W.L.R. 1; [1983] 1 All E.R. 658; (1983) 127 S.J. 16; Times, December 1, 1982 QBD

Ancell & Ancell v McDermott [1993] 4 All E.R. 355; [1993] R.T.R. 235; (1994) 6 Admin. L.R. 473; (1995) 159 L.G. Rev. 389; (1993) 90(11) L.S.G. 46; (1993) 143 N.L.J. 363; (1993) 137 S.J.L.B. 36; [1994] J.P.I.L. 78; Times, February 4, 1993; Inde- pendent, February 18, 1993 CA (Civ Div)

Standard Chartered Bank v Pakistan National Shipping Corp (No.2) [2000] 1 All E.R. (Comm) 1; [2000] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 218; [2000] Lloyd's Rep. Bank. 40; [2000] C.L.C. 133; Times, March 15, 2000; Independent, December 9, 1999; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Societe Francaise Bunge SA v Belcan NV (The Federal Huron) [1988] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 288 Sup Ct (PNG)

Johnson (t/a Johnson Butchers) v BJW Property Developments Ltd [2002] EWHC 1131 (TCC); [2002] 3 All E.R. 574; 86 Con. L.R. 74; [2002] N.P.C. 17; Official Transcript QBD (TCC)

John Young & Co v Bankier Distillery Co [1893] A.C. 691; (1893) 1 S.L.T. 204 HL

West Cumberland Iron & Steel Co v Kenyon (1877) L.R. 6 Ch. D. 773 Ch D

Baker v Snell [1908] 2 K.B. 825 CA

Great Western Railway Co v Owners of the SS Mostyn [1928] A.C. 57; (1927-28) 29 Ll. L. Rep. 293 HL

Hoare & Co v McAlpine

[1923] 1 Ch. 167 Ch D

Brackenborough v Spalding Urban DC [1940] 1 K.B. 675 CA

McQuaker v Goddard [1940] 1 K.B. 687 CA

Postmaster General v Liverpool Corp (1922) 12 Ll. L. Rep. 105 CA

Bybrook Barn Garden Centre Ltd v Kent CC [2001] B.L.R. 55; [2001] Env. L.R. 30; (2001) 3 L.G.L.R. 27; [2001] B.L.G.R. 239; (2001) 98(14) L.S.G. 39; [2000] N.P.C. 135; Times, January 5, 2001; Daily Telegraph, December 19, 2000; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Davie (James Pennycook) v Edinburgh City Council (No.1) 1951 S.C. 720; 1952 S.L.T. 74 IH (1 Div)

Bolton v Stone [1951] A.C. 850; [1951] 1 All E.R. 1078; [1951] 1 T.L.R. 977; 50 L.G.R. 32; (1951) 95 S.J. 333 HL

Nitro Phosphate & Odam's Chemical Manure Co v London and St Katharine Docks Co (1878) L.R. 9 Ch. D. 503 CA

Salt Union Ltd v Brunner Mond & Co [1906] 2 K.B. 822 KBD

Bolton v Stone [1950] 1 K.B. 201; [1949] 2 All E.R. 851; 65 T.L.R. 683; 48 L.G.R. 107; (1949) 93 S.J. 710 CA

Job Edwards Ltd v Birmingham Navigations Proprietors [1924] 1 K.B. 341 CA

Green v Lord Somerleyton [2003] EWCA Civ 198; [2004] 1 P. & C.R. 33; [2003] 11 E.G. 152 (C.S.); (2003) 100(10) L.S.G. 31; [2003] N.P.C. 29; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Pontardawe Rural DC v Moore-Gwyn [1929] 1 Ch. 656 Ch D

Sutton v Clarke 128 E.R. 943; (1815) 6 Taunt. 29 CCP

Glanville v Sutton [1928] 1 K.B. 571 KBD

National Telephone Co v Baker [1893] 2 Ch. 186 Ch D

Miller v Robert Addie & Sons Collieries Ltd 1934 S.C. 150; 1934 S.L.T. 160 IH (2 Div)

Cockburn v Smith [1924] 2 K.B. 119 CA

Ilford Urban DC v Beal [1925] 1 K.B. 671 KBD

Blake v Woolf [1898] 2 Q.B. 426 QBD

Nichols v Marsland (1876-77) L.R. 2 Ex. D. 1 CA

Wilkins v Leighton [1932] 2 Ch. 106 Ch D

Bower v Peate (1875-76) L.R. 1 Q.B.D. 321 QBD

Akerib v Booth & Others Ltd [1960] 1 W.L.R. 454; [1960] 1 All E.R. 481; (1960) 104 S.J. 350 Assizes (Manchester)

West v Bristol Tramways Co [1908] 2 K.B. 16 (Note) KBD

McKendrick v Sinclair 1972 S.C. (H.L.) 25; 1972 S.L.T. 110; Times, March 21, 1972 HL

Margereson v JW Roberts Ltd [1996] P.I.Q.R. P154 QBD

River Wear Commissioners v Adamson (1876-77) L.R. 2 App. Cas. 743 HL

Watt v Jamieson 1954 S.C. 56; 1954 S.L.T. 56 OH

Charing Cross Electricity Supply Co v Hydraulic Power Co [1913] 3 K.B. 442 KBD

Holgate v Bleazard [1917] 1 K.B. 443 KBD

Manton v Brocklebank [1923] 2 K.B. 212 CA

Ballard v Tomlinson (1885) L.R. 29 Ch. D. 115 CA

Department of Transport v North West Water Authority [1984] A.C. 336; [1983] 3 W.L.R. 707; [1983] 3 All E.R. 273; 82 L.G.R. 207; (1983) 133 N.L.J. 1016; (1983) 127 S.J. 713 HL

AB v South West Water Services Ltd [1993] Q.B. 507; [1993] 2 W.L.R. 507; [1993] 1 All E.R. 609; [1993] Env. L.R. 266; [1993] P.I.Q.R. P167; (1993) 143 N.L.J. 235; [1992] N.P.C. 146; Times, November 26, 1992; Independent, November 18, 1992 CA (Civ Div)

Jones v Llanrwst Urban DC [1911] 1 Ch. 393

Ch D

MCA Records Inc v Charly Records Ltd (No.5) [2000] E.M.L.R. 743; (2000) 23(7) I.P.D. 23056; Official Transcript Ch D

Montreal v Watt & Scott Ltd [1922] 2 A.C. 555 PC (Can)

Marcic v Thames Water Utilities Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 64; [2002] Q.B. 929; [2002] 2 W.L.R. 932; [2002] 2 All E.R. 55; [2002] B.L.R. 174; [2002] T.C.L.R. 15; 81 Con. L.R. 193; [2002] Env. L.R. 32; [2003] E.H.L.R. 2; [2002] H.R.L.R. 22; [2002] U.K.H.R.R. 1041; (2002) 18 Const. L.J. 152; [2002] 7 E.G. 122 (C.S.); (2002) 99(12) L.S.G. 34; (2002) 146 S.J.L.B. 51; [2002] N.P.C. 20; Times, February 14, 2002; Independent, February 12, 2002; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Marsh v Powys CC (1998) 75 P. & C.R. 538; [1997] 2 E.G.L.R. 177; [1997] 33 E.G. 100; [1997] R.V.R. 283; [1998] J.P.L. 496 Lands Tr

Yorkshire Water Services Ltd v Sun Alliance and London Insurance Plc (No.2) [1998] Env. L.R. 204 QBD (OR)

C Evans & Son Ltd v Spritebrand Ltd [1983] Q.B. 310; [1985] 1 W.L.R. 317; [1985] 2 All E.R. 415; (1985) 1 B.C.C. 99316; [1985] P.C.C. 109; [1985] F.S.R. 267; (1985) 82 L.S.G. 606; (1985) 129 S.J. 189 CA (Civ Div)

Davis v Balfour Kilpatrick Ltd [2002] EWCA Civ 736; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Hunter v Canary Wharf Ltd [1997] A.C. 655; [1997] 2 W.L.R. 684; [1997] 2 All E.R. 426; [1997] C.L.C. 1045; 84 B.L.R. 1; 54 Con. L.R. 12; [1997] Env. L.R. 488; [1997] 2 F.L.R. 342; (1998) 30 H.L.R. 409; [1997] Fam. Law 601; [1997] E.G. 59 (C.S.); (1997) 94(19) L.S.G. 25; (1997) 147 N.L.J. 634; (1997) 141 S.J.L.B. 108; [1997] N.P.C. 64; Times, April 25, 1997; Independent, May 2, 1997 HL

Douglas-Scott v Scorgie [1984] 1 W.L.R. 716; [1984] 1 All E.R. 1086; (1984) 13 H.L.R. 97; (1984) 48 P. & C.R. 109; (1984) 269 E.G. 1164; (1984) 81 L.S.G. 663; (1984) 128 S.J. 264 CA (Civ Div)

P Perl (Exporters) Ltd v Camden LBC

[1984] Q.B. 342; [1983] 3 W.L.R. 769; [1983] 3 All E.R. 161; (1980) 80 L.S.G. 2216; (1980) 77 L.S.G. 2216; (1983) 127 S.J. 581 CA (Civ Div)

Colour Quest Ltd v Total Downstream UK Plc [2010] EWCA Civ 180; [2010] 1 C.L.C. 343; 129 Con. L.R. 104; [2010] 10 E.G. 117 (C.S.); Times, March 30, 2010; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

SCM (United Kingdom) Ltd v WJ Whittall & Son Ltd [1970] 1 W.L.R. 1017; [1970] 2 All E.R. 417; 8 K.I.R. 1073; (1970) 114 S.J. 268 QBD

Hall v Duke of Norfolk [1900] 2 Ch. 493 Ch D

Miller v Jackson [1977] Q.B. 966; [1977] 3 W.L.R. 20; [1977] 3 All E.R. 338 CA (Civ Div)

Savage v Fairclough [2000] Env. L.R. 183; [1999] N.P.C. 103; [2000] E.H.L.R. Dig. 97; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

British Railways Board v Herrington [1972] A.C. 877; [1972] 2 W.L.R. 537; [1972] 1 All E.R. 749; (1972) 116 S.J. 178 HL

RHM Bakeries (Scotland) Ltd v Strathclyde RC 1985 S.L.T. 3 IH (2 Div)

Duke of Westminster v Guild [1985] Q.B. 688; [1984] 3 W.L.R. 630; [1984] 3 All E.R. 144; (1984) 48 P. & C.R. 42; (1983) 267 E.G. 762; (1984) 128 S.J. 581 CA (Civ Div)

Goldman v Hargrave [1967] 1 A.C. 645; [1966] 3 W.L.R. 513; [1966] 2 All E.R. 989; [1966] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 65; (1966) 110 S.J. 527 PC (Aus)

R. v Associated Octel Co Ltd [1994] 4 All E.R. 1051; [1995] I.C.R. 281; [1994] I.R.L.R. 540; (1994) 91(36) L.S.G. 37; (1994) 144 N.L.J. 1312; (1994) 138 S.J.L.B. 194; Times, August 3, 1994; Independent, August 29, 1994 CA (Crim Div)

Eastern Counties Leather Plc v Eastern Counties Leather Group Ltd

[2002] EWCA Civ 1636; [2003] Env. L.R. 13; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

AB v South West Water Services Ltd [1992] 4 All E.R. 574; [1993] Env. L.R. 176; [1992] P.I.Q.R. P224; (1992) 142 N.L.J. 897; Times, May 8, 1992; Independent, May 15, 1992 QBD

Greenwell v Low Beechburn Coal Co [1897] 2 Q.B. 165 QBD

Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Miller Steamship Co Pty Ltd (The Wagon Mound) [1967] 1 A.C. 617; [1966] 3 W.L.R. 498; [1966] 2 All E.R. 709; [1966] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 657; (1966) 110 S.J. 447 PC (Aus)

Stretton's Derby Brewery Co v Mayor of Derby [1894] 1 Ch. 431 Ch D

Cunard v Antifyre [1933] 1 K.B. 551 KBD

Hughes v Percival (1882-83) L.R. 8 App. Cas. 443 HL

Humphries v Cousins (1876-77) L.R. 2 C.P.D. 239 CPD

Filburn v Peoples Palace and Aquarium Co Ltd (1890) L.R. 25 Q.B.D. 258 CA

Attorney General v Tomline (Flood Damage) (1879) L.R. 12 Ch. D. 214 Ch D

Spiers v Newton-On-Ayr Gas Co Ltd 1942 S.L.T. (Sh. Ct.) 2 Sh Ct (South Strathclyde)

Stearn v Prentice Bros Ltd [1919] 1 K.B. 394 KBD

Wilson v Newberry (1871-72) L.R. 7 Q.B. 31 QB

Charing Cross Electricity Supply Co v Hydraulic Power Co [1914] 3 K.B. 772 CA

Rickards v Lothian [1913] A.C. 263 PC (Aus)

Ribee v Norrie (2001) 33 H.L.R. 69; [2001] P.I.Q.R. P8; [2001] L. & T.R. 23; [2000] N.P.C. 116; (2001) 81 P. & C.R. DG18; Times, November 22, 2000; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Box v Jubb (1878-79) L.R. 4 Ex. D. 76 Exchequer Div

Jefferson v Derbyshire Farmers Ltd [1921] 2 K.B. 281 CA

Boxes Ltd v British Waterways Board [1970] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 434 QBD

New Moss Colliery Ltd v Manchester Corp [1906] 1 Ch. 278 Ch D

Marshall & Son v Russian Oil Products Ltd 1938 S.C. 773; 1938 S.L.T. 604 IH (2 Div)

Tenant v Goldwin 92 E.R. 222; (1704) 2 Ld. Raym. 1089 KB

Rouse v Gravelworks Ltd [1940] 1 K.B. 489 CA

Rands v McNeil [1955] 1 Q.B. 253; [1954] 3 W.L.R. 905; [1954] 3 All E.R. 593; (1954) 98 S.J. 851 CA

Cox v Burbidge 143 E.R. 171; (1863) 13 C.B. N.S. 430 CCP

Smith v London & South Western Railway Co (1870-71) L.R. 6 C.P. 14 Ex Chamber

McQueen v Glasgow Garden Festival (1988) Ltd 1995 S.L.T. 211 OH

Carstairs v Taylor (1870-71) L.R. 6 Ex. 217 Ex Ct

Palmer v Bowman [2000] 1 W.L.R. 842; [2000] 1 All E.R. 22; (1999) 96(41) L.S.G. 35; (1999) 96(41) L.S.G. 37; (1999) 143 S.J.L.B. 247; [1999] N.P.C. 122; (2000) 79 P. & C.R. D13; Times, November 10, 1999; Independent, November 29, 1999; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

Hanley v Edinburgh City Council 1912 S.C. 1199; 1912 2 S.L.T. 235 IH (2 Div)

Slater v A&J McLellan (A Firm) 1924 S.C. 854; 1924 S.L.T. 634 IH (1 Div)

Crow v Wood [1971] 1 Q.B. 77; [1970] 3 W.L.R. 516; [1970] 3 All E.R. 425; (1970) 21 P. & C.R. 929; (1970) 114 S.J. 474 CA (Civ Div)

Attorney General v Cory Bros & Co Ltd (No.1) [1921] 1 A.C. 521 HL

Dunn v Birmingham Canal Navigation Co Proprietors (1871-72) L.R. 7 Q.B. 244 QB

Firth v Bowling Iron Co (1877-78) L.R. 3 C.P.D. 254 CPD

Day & Sons v Thames Water Authority (1984) 48 P. & C.R. 323; (1984) 270 E.G. 1294; [1984] R.V.R. 216

Lands Tr

Chichester Corp v Foster [1906] 1 K.B. 167 KBD

Evans v Liverpool Corp [1906] 1 K.B. 160 KBD

Overseas Tankship (UK) Ltd v Morts Dock & Engineering Co (The Wagon Mound) [1961] A.C. 388; [1961] 2 W.L.R. 126; [1961] 1 All E.R. 404; [1961] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 1; 100 A.L.R.2d 928; 1961 A.M.C. 962; (1961) 105 S.J. 85 PC (Aus)

Sanderson v Berwick upon Tweed Corp (1883-84) L.R. 13 Q.B.D. 547 CA

West v Bristol Tramways Co [1908] 2 K.B. 14 CA

Essa v Laing Ltd [2004] EWCA Civ 2; [2004] I.C.R. 746; [2004] I.R.L.R. 313; (2004) 148 S.J.L.B. 146; Times, January 29, 2004; Independent, January 23, 2004; Official Transcript CA (Civ Div)

May v Burdett 115 E.R. 1213; (1846) 9 Q.B. 101 KB

X (Minors) v Bedfordshire CC [1995] 2 A.C. 633; [1995] 3 W.L.R. 152; [1995] 3 All E.R. 353; [1995] 2 F.L.R. 276; [1995] 3 F.C.R. 337; 94 L.G.R. 313; (1995) 7 Admin. L.R. 705; [1995] Fam. Law 537; (1996) 160 L.G. Rev. 123; (1996) 160 L.G. Rev. 103; (1995) 145 N.L.J. 993; Times, June 30, 1995; Independent, June 30, 1995 HL

Sedleigh-Denfield v O'Callagan (Trustees for St Joseph's Society for Foreign Missions) [1940] A.C. 880; [1940] 3 All E.R. 349 HL

Evans v Manchester, Sheffield & Lincolnshire Railway Co (1887) L.R. 36 Ch. D. 626 Ch D

Brackenborough v Spalding Urban DC [1942] A.C. 310

Solomons v R Gertzenstein Ltd [1954] 1 Q.B. 565; [1954] 2 W.L.R. 823; [1954] 1 All E.R. 1008; (1954) 98 S.J. 270 QBD

Hussain v Lancaster City Council [2000] Q.B. 1; [1999] 2 W.L.R. 1142; [1999] 4 All E.R. 125; [1998] E.H.L.R. 166; (1999) 31 H.L.R. 164; (1999) 1 L.G.L.R. 37; (1999) 77 P. & C.R. 89; [1998] E.G. 86 (C.S.); (1998) 95(23) L.S.G. 27; (1998) 142 S.J.L.B. 173; [1998] N.P.C. 85; (1998) 76 P. & C.R. D31; Times, May 26, 1998; Independent, May 19, 1998 CA (Civ Div)

Penn v Gatenex Co [1958] 2 Q.B. 210; [1958] 2 W.L.R. 606; [1958] 1 All E.R. 712; (1958) 102 S.J. 250 CA

H&N Emanuel v Greater London Council [1971] 2 All E.R. 835; [1971] 2 Lloyd's Rep. 36; 69 L.G.R. 346; (1971) 115 S.J. 226 CA (Civ Div)

Clift v Welsh Office [1999] 1 W.L.R. 796; [1998] 4 All E.R. 852; (1999) 78 P. & C.R. 32; [1998] R.V.R. 303; (1998) 95(36) L.S.G. 31; (1998) 76 P. & C.R. D46; Times, August 24, 1998; Independent, July 29, 1998 CA (Civ Div)

Musgrove v Pandelis [1919] 2 K.B. 43 CA

Hammack v White 142 E.R. 926; (1862) 11 C.B. N.S. 588 CCP

Searle v Wallbank [1947] A.C. 341; [1947] 1 All E.R. 12; 63 T.L.R. 24; [1947] L.J.R. 258; 176 L.T. 104; (1947) 91 S.J. 83 HL

Read v J Lyons & Co Ltd [1945] K.B. 216 CA

Musgrove v Pandelis [1919] 1 K.B. 314 KBD

Lloyde v West Midlands Gas Board [1971] 1 W.L.R. 749; [1971] 2 All E.R. 1240; (1971) 115 S.J. 227 CA (Civ Div)

Whitmores (Edenbridge) Ltd v Stanford [1909] 1 Ch. 427 Ch D

Ross v Fedden (1871-72) L.R. 7 Q.B. 661 QB

Hayn Roman & Co v Culliford (1877-78) L.R. 3 C.P.D. 410 CPD

Biffa Waste Services Ltd v Maschinenfabrik Ernst Hese GmbH [2008] EWHC 6 (TCC); [2008] B.L.R. 155; 118 Con. L.R. 104; [2008] P.N.L.R. 17; Official Transcript QBD (TCC)

Bowden v South West Water Services Ltd [1999] 3 C.M.L.R. 180; [1999] Eu. L.R. 573; [1999] Env. L.R. 438 CA (Civ Div)

Davey v Harrow Corp [1958] 1 Q.B. 60; [1957] 2 W.L.R. 941; [1957] 2 All E.R. 305; (1957) 101 S.J. 405 CA

Geddis v Bann Reservoir Proprietors (1877-78) L.R. 3 App. Cas. 430 HL (UK-Irl)

Peters v Prince of Wales Theatre (Birmingham) Ltd [1943] K.B. 73 CA

Langbrook Properties v Surrey CC [1970] 1 W.L.R. 161; [1969] 3 All E.R. 1424; 68 L.G.R. 268; (1969) 113 S.J. 983 Ch D

Cattle v Stockton Waterworks Co (1874-75) L.R. 10 Q.B. 453; [1874-80] All E.R. Rep. 492 QBD

Powell v Fall (1879-80) L.R. 5 Q.B.D. 597 CA

J&J Makin Ltd v London and North Eastern Railway Co [1943] K.B. 467; [1943] 1 All E.R. 645 CA

Long v Hepworth [1968] 1 W.L.R. 1299; [1968] 3 All E.R. 248; (1968) 112 S.J. 485 QBD

Collingwood v Home & Colonial Stores Ltd [1936] 3 All E.R. 200; (1936) 56 Ll. L. Rep. 105 CA

Darley Main Colliery Co v Mitchell (1886) L.R. 11 App. Cas. 127 HL

X v A [2000] 1 All E.R. 490; [2000] Env. L.R. 104; [2000] 1 E.G.L.R. 19; [2000] 01 E.G. 94; [2000] W.T.L.R. 11; (1999) 96(39) L.S.G. 38; Times, October 6, 1999; Official Transcript Ch D

Mundy v Duke of Rutland (1883) L.R. 23 Ch. D. 81 CA

Glasgow Corp v Muir 1941 S.L.T. 163 OH

Love v Bell (1883-84) L.R. 9 App. Cas. 286 HL

Leakey v National Trust for Places of Historic Interest or Natural Beauty [1978] Q.B. 849; [1978] 2 W.L.R. 774; [1978] 3 All E.R. 234; 76 L.G.R. 488; (1978) 122 S.J. 231 QBD

Mason v Levy Auto Parts of England Ltd [1967] 2 Q.B. 530; [1967] 2 W.L.R. 1384; [1967] 2 All E.R. 62; [1967] 1 Lloyd's Rep. 372; (1967) 111 S.J. 234 Assizes (Winchester)

Tarry v Ashton (1875-76) L.R. 1 Q.B.D. 314 QBD

La Societe Anonyme de Remorquage a Helice v Bennetts [1911] 1 K.B. 243 KBD

Journal Articles

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Public nuisance in the environmental context Criminal liability, Environmental liability, Environmental offences, Public nuisance, Statutory nuisance, Tor- tious liability J.P.L. 2008, 11, 1526-1546

The long-term stewardship of carbon dioxide storage sites - who pays, for what and how? Carbon capture and storage, Decommissioning, EC law, Emissions trading, Environmental liability E.L.M. 2008, 20(3), 127-132

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A renaissance in public nuisance? Contaminated land, Damages, Personal injury claims, Public nuisance P.L.J. 2008, 213, 22-24

Personal injury update (July) Contaminated land, Control, Damages, Employers' liability, Personal injury, Public nuisance, Third parties, Work equipment N.L.J. 2008, 158(7328), 964-965

Get to the bottom of it Appropriate persons, Contaminated land, Environmental liability, Environmental remediation E.G. 2008, 0807, 138-139

Ordeal by water and fire Fire, Floods, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability S.J. 2007, 151(24), 796-797

The widening gap in cover for environmental liabilities in public liability policies Clean-up costs, Environmental liability, Environmental remediation, Insurance policies, Public liability insurance, Water pollution J.P.L. 2007, Jun, 816-825

Too high a burden of proof? Animals, Burden of proof, Personal injury, Strict liability P.I.L.J. 2006, 51(Dec/Jan), 13-14

Deconstructing the rule in Rylands v Fletcher. Foreseeability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability J. Env. L. 2006, 18(3), 423-442

Liability for the escape of genetically modified organisms. Farming, Genetically modified organisms, Germany, Member States, Private nuisance, Product contamination, Rylands v Fletcher liability Farm Law 2005, 114, 15-20

Escape in consequence of non-natural use of land: statutory regulation, insurance considerations and "higher" duties of care. Escape, Fire, Negligence, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability Build. L.M. 2005, Nov, 5-9

Civil claims for pollution. Contaminated land, Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Negligence, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability E.I.B. 2005, 154, 8-10

Opening the floodgates to stop the fire? Fire, Land use, Negligence, Packaging, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability N.L.J. 2005, 155(7200), 1720-1721

The distinctiveness of Rylands v Fletcher. Foreseeability, Negligence, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability L.Q.R. 2005, 121(Jul), 421-451

Rylands v Fletcher limps on: Transco plc v Stockport M.B.C. in the House of Lords. Duty of care, Hazardous pursuits, Ireland, Limit of liability, Limitations, Personal injury, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Standard of care, Strict liability I.P.E.L.J. 2004, 11(4), 158-163

Drains, planes and heavy metal: a new era for the tort of nuisance? Liabilities, Nuisance, Public authorities, Remedies, Right to respect for private and family life L.S. & P. 2004, 2(2/3), 163-181

Viewpoint: public participation and environmental law: the role of the courts and the proposal for an environmental tribunal. EC law, Environmental protection, Science, Tribunals

L.S. & P. 2004, 2(2/3), 115-122

Taking the middle ground. Australia, Rylands v Fletcher liability, United States, User L. Ex. 2004, Nov, 32-33

Civil liability for GM farming: GM crops and the existing law: Part 2. Corporate liability, Farmers, Genetically modified organisms, Negligence, Nuisance, Reasonableness, Reputa- tion, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Statutory authority, Strict liability, Tortious liability Env. Liability 2004, 12(5), 185-195

The cherries on the cake. Commission, Consent, Estate agents, Professional liability, Property misdescriptions, Residential tenancies, Re- strictive covenants, Rylands v Fletcher liability E.G. 2004, 0451, 86-87

Fireworks: the Fireworks Act 2003. Anti social behaviour, Consumer protection, Fireworks, Offences Crim. Law. 2004, 145, 6-8

Environmental claims and personal injury - an overview. Causation, Causes of action, Civil evidence, Duty of care, Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Negligence, Personal injury J.P.I. Law 2004, 2, 111-119

Holding back the tide of negligence: Rylands resurgent. Foreseeability, Insurance, Land use, Local authorities powers and duties, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water supply Conv. 2004, May/Jun, 240-251

The long arm of environmental law. Environmental liability, Pollution E.G. 2004, 0420, 162-163

Rylands v Fletcher restated - the House of Lords' decision in Transco plc v Stockport Metropolitan Bor- ough Council. Environmental liability, Environmental remediation, Foreseeability, Local authorities powers and duties, Ry- lands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution, Water supply E.L.M. 2004, 15(6), 367-369

Current topics (April). Damage to property, Floods, Planning obligations, Planning permission, Private nuisance, Right to respect for home, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Sewerage undertakers, Utilities J.P.L. 2004, Apr, 373-378

The scope of the rule in Rylands v Fletcher. Foreseeability, Land use, Local authorities powers and duties, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water supply

Build. L.M. 2004, Dec/Jan, 4-11

The rule in Rylands and Fletcher reconsidered. Foreseeability, Land use, Local authorities powers and duties, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability, Water supply Env. Liability 2003, 11(6), 239-241

Transco ruling refines test for strict liability. Foreseeability, Land use, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability, Water supply E.I.B. 2004, 136, 6

Health and safety. Foreseeability, Land use, Local authorities powers and duties, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability, Water supply C. McK. Env. L.B. 2004, Jan, 53-54

Property law update (February). Completion, Contract for sale of land, Deposits, Forfeiture, Natural user, Real property N.L.J. 2004, 154(7117), 309-310

Problems of liability for historical land contamination under Irish law. Contaminated land, Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Ireland, Nuisance I.P.E.L.J. 2003, 10(4), 112-118

Liability insurance: the rule in Rylands v Fletcher. Foreseeability, Land use, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water supply Ins. L.M. 2004, Feb, 10-12

Exceptionally dangerous. Local authorities powers and duties, Risk, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water supply E.G. 2004, 0402, 91

Rylands v Fletcher. Foreseeability, Land use, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water supply Env. L.M. 2003, 12(12), 7-11

House of Lords rules on strict liability. Foreseeability, Land use, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability, Water supply ENDS 2003, 347, 65-66

New Zealand - sale of goods - statutory implied warrant - whether purpose for which water purchased must have been communicated to seller. Crops, Foreseeability, Herbicides, Implied terms, New Zealand, Sale of goods, Water supply C.L.B. 2000, 26(2), 867-868

Rylands v Fletcher re-stated. Local authorities powers and duties, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability, Water supply S.J. 2003, 147(47), 1413-1414

Legal liability for GM crops. Consumer safety, Crops, Environmental health, Genetically modified organisms, Negligence, Nuisance, Strict liability Farm Law 2003, 87, 23-28

Environment: radioactive pollution. Contaminated land, Damage to property, Economic loss, Measure of damages, Radioactive substances P.L.B. 1997, 17(8), 58-59

Environmental law: notions of strict liability. Environmental liability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability, Water pollution J.B.L. 1995, Jan, 93-101

The return of Rylands v Fletcher. Australia, Negligence, Occupiers liability, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability L.Q.R. 1994, 110(Oct), 506-509

Requiem for Rylands v Fletcher. Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution Conv. 1994, Jul/Aug, 309-316

Australia - negligence: acts of independent contractor. Australia, Negligence, Occupiers liability, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability I.C.C.L.R. 1994, 5(7), C134-135

Scope of Rylands v Fletcher is reduced. Negligence, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability Post Mag. 2005, Nov 24, 27

Who will the courts find liable for spread of fire? Foreseeability, Negligence, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability L.L.I.D. 2005, Oct 28, 5

Australia - strict liability/negligence: Rylands v Fletcher. Australia, Negligence, Occupiers liability, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability Int. I.L.R. 1994, 2(6), G87-88

The return of Rylands v Fletcher. Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution L.Q.R. 1994, 110(Apr), 185-187

Who says ignorance is no excuse? Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution P.E.L.B. 1994, 3(7), 56

Environmental: Rylands v Fletcher - foreseeability of harm. Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution I.C.C.L.R. 1994, 5(2), C42-43

No liability for historic pollution. Environmental liability, Foreseeability, Nuisance, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution P.L.B. 1994, 14(7), 49,53

Lords judgement limits ruling scope. Intention, Land use, Rylands v Fletcher liability Post Mag. 2003, Dec 4, 29

Groundwater pollution and strict liability at common law under Rylands v Fletcher. Environmental liability, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Water pollution Conv. 1992, Nov-Dec, 451-457

Project financing and the environment: lender liability for environmental damage in Australia. Australia, Environmental liability, Lender liability, Project finance J.I.B.L. 1996, 11(1), 7-17

The rule in Rylands v Fletcher revised in Australia. Australia, Negligence, Occupiers liability, Rylands v Fletcher liability, Strict liability Int. I.L.R. 1994, 2(10), 390-392

Australia: strict liability/negligence: Rylands v Fletcher. Australia, Dangerous escape, Negligence, Occupiers liability, Strict liability Int. I.L.R. 1994, 2(6), Supp G87-88

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