Volume 79, No. 3 June 2004 The Quarterly Review of Biology BEHAVIORAL SYNDROMES: AN INTEGRATIVE OVERVIEW Andrew Sih Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, California 95616 USA e-mail:
[email protected] Alison M. Bell Department of Evolution and Ecology, University of California Davis, California 95616 USA J. Chadwick Johnson Department of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 USA Department of Environmental Science and Policy, University of California Davis, California 95616 USA Robert E. Ziemba Department of Biology, Centre College Danville, Kentucky 40422 USA Department of Biological Sciences, University of Kentucky Lexington, Kentucky 40506 USA keywords behavioral syndromes, behavioral correlations, tradeoffs, aggressiveness, shy/bold continuum, proactive/reactive coping styles, limited plasticity, behavioral types, animal personalities, behavioral genetics The Quarterly Review of Biology, September 2004, Vol. 79, No. 3 Copyright ᭧ 2004 by The University of Chicago. All rights reserved. 0033-5770/2004/7903-0001$15.00 241 242 THE QUARTERLY REVIEW OF BIOLOGY Volume 79 abstract A behavioral syndrome is a suite of correlated behaviors expressed either within a given behavioral context (e.g., correlations between foraging behaviors in different habitats) or across different contexts (e.g., correlations among feeding, antipredator, mating, aggressive, and dispersal behaviors). For exam- ple, some individuals (and genotypes) might be generally more aggressive, more active or bold, while others are generally less aggressive, active or bold. This phenomenon has been studied in detail in humans, some primates, laboratory rodents, and some domesticated animals, but has rarely been studied in other organisms, and rarely examined from an evolutionary or ecological perspective.