1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4825 deremployment in ·certain economically· de­ I veterans; to the Committee on Veterans' H. R. 11519. A bill to authorize the use of pressed areas; to the Committee on Banking Affairs. naval vessels to determine the effect of and Currency. By Mr. MACHROWICZ: newly developed weapons upon such vessels; By Mr. DENT: H. R. 11507. A bill to amend section 37 of to the Committee on Armed Services. H. R. 11497. A bill to amend title n of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to equal­ By Mr. WHITENER: the Social Security Act to inClude Pennsyl­ ize for all taxpayers the amount which may H. R. 11520. A bill to provide that the Blue vania among the States which may obtain be taken into account in computing there­ Ridge Parkway shall be toll free; to the social-security coverage, under State agree­ tirement income credit thereunder; to the Committee on Interior and Insular Affairs. ment, for State and local policemen and fire­ Committee on Ways and Means. By l.\4r. MOORE: men; to the Committee on Ways and Means. By Mr. MILLER of Nebraska: By Mr. FORRESTER: H. R. 11508. A b111 to provide for the con­ H. R. 11521. A bill to extend for 1 year H. R. 11498. A bill to amend chapter 223 version of surplus grain owned by the Com­ the authority of the President to enter into of title 18, United States Code, to provide for modity Credit Corporation into industrial trade agreements under section 350 of the the admission of certain evidence; to the alcohol for stockpiling purposes; to the Com­ Tariff Act of 1930, as amended, and for other purposes; to the Committee on Ways Committee on the Judiciary. mittee on Agriculture. and Means. By Mr. GRAY: By Mr. MONTOYA: H. R.11499. A bill to amend the national H. R. 11509. A b111 to protect the right of By Mr. STAGGERS: defense amendment, and for other purposes; the blind to self-expression through organi­ H. R. 11522. A bill to protect the right of to the Committee on Ways and Means. zations of the blind; to the Committee on the blind to self-expression through organi­ By Mr. HILL: Education and Labor. zations of the blind; to the Committee on H. R. 11500. A bill to authorize an increased H. R. 11510. A bill to change the name of Education and Labor. program of research on forestry and forest Navaho Dam in New Mexico to Dempsey By Mr. WALTER: products, and for other purposes; to the Navaho Dam; to the Committee on Interior H. Res. 506. Resolution authorizing the Committee on Agriculture. and InEular Affairs. printing of additional copies of House Re­ By Mr. JACKSON: By Mr. NEAL: port No. 1360, current session; to the Com­ H. R. 11501. A bill to establish a self­ H. R. 11511. A bill to protect the right of mittee on House Administration. liquidating scholarship loan fund to enable the blind to self-expression through organi­ highly qualified high-school graduates in zations of the blind; to the Committee on financial need to receive a college education; Education and Labor. to the Committee on Education and Labor. By Mr. O'HARA of Minnesota: MEM:ORIALS By Mr. LONG: H. R. 11512. A bill to amend the District Under clause 4 of rule XXII me­ H. R. 11502. A bill to amend the Agricul­ of Columbia Business Corporation Act; to morials were presented and refer~ed as tural Adjustment Act of 1938 and the Agri­ the Committee oil the District of Columbia. follows: cultural Act of 1949 to permit producers of By Mr. O'NEILL: basic agricultural commodities (other than H. R. 11513. A /bill to amend section 41 of By the SPEAKER: Memorial of the Legis­ peanuts) to dispose of such commodities the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' lature of the State of South Carolina me­ abroad without payment of penalties and Compensation Act so as to provide a system morializing the President and the Co~gress without the loss of price support with respect of safety rules, regulations, and safety in., of the United States to exert their efforts and to so much of their production which is spection and training, and for other pur­ influence in behalf of retaining the National marketed in the United States in compliance poses; to the Committee on Education and G~ard units at full ~trength; to the Com­ with applicable marketing quotas and acre­ Labor. mittee on Armed Services. age allotments; to the Committee on Agri­ By Mr. PRICE: culture. H. R. 11514. A bill to amend section 4191 By Mr. LOSER: of the Internal Revenue Code of 1954 to PRIVATE BILLS AND RESOLUTIONS H. R. 11503. A bill to protect the right of exempt from manufacturers excise tax the blind to self-expression through organ­ stencil-cutting machines which cut charac­ . Under clause ·1 of rule XXII, private izations of the blind; to the Committee on ters of one-fourth inch or more in height; bills and resolutions were introduced and Education and Labor. to the Committee on Ways and Means. severally referred as follows: By Mr. McCARTHY: By Mr. ROOSEVELT: H. R. 11504. A bill to amend title 10 of the · ByMr.FALLON: United States Code to permit enlisted mem­ H. R. 11515. A bill to amend section 41 of H. R. 11523. A bill for the relief of the bers of the Naval Reserve and Marine Corps the Longshoremen's and Harbor Workers' Union Trust Company of Maryland; to the Reserve to transfer to the Fleet Reserve and Compensation Act so as to provide a system Committee on Ways and Means. the Fleet Marine Corps Reserve on the same of safety rules, regulations, and safety in­ By Mr. FINO: spection and training, and for other pur­ basis as members of the regular components; H. R. 11524. A bill for the relief of Issa El the Committee on Armed Services. poses; to the Committee on Education and Korashi; to the Committee on the Judiciary. to .Labor. By Mr. McGOVERN: By Mr. REUSS: ' By Mr. TEWES: H. R. 11505. A bill to encourage new resi­ H. R. 11525. A bill for the relief of Stan­ dential construction for veterans' housing in H. R. 11516. A bill to amend the Federal ley Waier; to the Committee on the rural areas and small cities and towns by Property and Administrative Services Act of Judiciary. raising the maximum amount in which di­ 1949 to permit the donation of surplus prop­ rect loans may be made from $10,000 to $13,- erty to volunteer fire-fighting organizations; 500, to authorize advance financing commit­ to the Committee on Government Opera­ PETITIONS, ETC. ments, to extend the direct-loan program for tions. veterans, and for other purposes; to the By Mr. THOMSON of Wyoming: Under clause 1. of rule XXII, Committee on Veterans' Affairs. H. R. 11517. A bill to amend the National 481. Mr. BEAMER presented a resolution H. R. 11506. A bill to provide that pensions Defense Amendment, and for other purposes; of Lodge No. 59, International Association of for non-service-connected death shall be ex­ to the Committee on Ways and Mean::~. Machinists, Frankfort, Ind., in opposition to tended to the widows and children of de­ By Mr. VINSON: a merger by the railroads and abandonment ceased World War II and Korean veterans H. R. 11518. A bill to authorize the con­ of passenger service, which was referred to under the same conditions as apply to the struction of modern naval vessels; to the the Committee on Interstate and Foreign widows and children of deceased World War Committee on Armed Services. Commerce.

E X T E N S I 0 N S 0 F R. E M A R K S

Camp Fire Girls Birthday Week ignated as Camp Fire Girls Birthday United States 1957 International Trade ·Week. The Camp Fire Girls have been Fair program, as a forerunner of their EXTENSION OF REMARKS one of the outstanding forces in the de­ 1957-58 ·meet-the-people project. velopment of the youth of our country OF "By their participation," the citation and we all look forward to its continu­ HON. HERBERT ZELENKO ous progress and growth. I am happy reads, "They contributed significantly to to note that the United States Depart­ the advancement of world understand­ OF NEW YORK ing." Camp Fire Girls created typically IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ment of Commerce has cited Camp Fire Girls for their outstanding public serv­ American dolls which were part of the Wednesday, March 19, 1958 ·ice to the United States Government. United States exhibit sponsored by the .Mr. ZELENKO. Mr. Speaker, the The citation came after Camp Fire Department of Commerce at the Inter­ week of March 23-30 has been des- Girls contributed American dolls to the national Trade Fair in Izmir, Turkey. 4826 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 19 An outgrowth -of the President's peo­ appreciate it if I could have the views of the 4. Since onions came under the Com­ ple-to-people program, Camp Fire Girls Department on the following questions: modity Exchange Act in September 1955, 1. Has Congress at any time prohibited evidence of price manipulation has been ob­ current meet-the-people project is futures trading in any agricultural com­ served during the period November 1955 to designed to further world understanding modity? March 1956. This led to the issuance of a and friendship. Half a million Camp 2. Would the onion farmer be better off ·by complaint against tw,o individuals and a cor­ Fire Girls throughout the Nation are the passage of H. R. 376? poration, and a public hearing on the com­ taking pictures and preparing photo­ 3. Would the consumer be better off by the plaint has recently been completed. Limits graphic portraits of their hometowns passage of H. R. 376? .on speculative trading and positions in which will be sent overseas to acquaint 4. Is the onion industry better off today onion futures have been established by the youth in foreign lands with life in typi­ with the market under the jurisdiction of the Commodity Exchange Commission after CEA than before? public hearings, and are now in effect. In cal American communities. 5. During the past year and a half, has the addition, the CEA has maintained a close Each Camp Fire Girls council selects CEA found any evidence in the onion market daily surveillance of the onion futures mar­ one country from a list of 15 with which that would justify a conclusion of price ket, including the trading operations of arrangements have been made for distri­ manipulation that would defeat the true large traders. bution of the photo stories. The nations purpose of a futures market? 5. During the past year and a half, the chosen most frequently are Greece, Mex­ 6. Does the Department of Agriculture ap­ CEA has found no evidence of price manipu.­ ico, Turltey, Union of South Africa, prove of the changes that the Chicago Mer­ lation in the onion futures market. Ghana, Egypt, and Israel. There seems cantile Exchange have put into effect in the 6. The Department of Agriculture is with­ futures market in onions and has sufficient out authority under the Commodity Ex­ to be no geographical pattern in the time elapsed to test the desirability of such change Act to approve or disapprove pro­ choice. Kansas City, Kans., selected changes? posed changes in the rules of a contract India; Kansas City, Mo., chose Ghana. 7. Have the changes that the Chicago Mer­ market if such changes are not in conflict .Syracuse, N. Y., voted for the Union of cantile Exchange put into effect in the with the act. Although we feel that the South Africa and Syracuse, Ind., spoke futures market in onions tended to register changes in the onion futures contract have up for Lebanon. Oakland, Calif., paired more accurately the true supply and demand been beneficial, sufficient time has not with the Sudan; Atlanta, Ga., with price? elapsed to determine their full effect. 8. From reading the hearings, I find that 7. Although the changes made by the Chi­ Israel; Baton Rouge, La .• with Nigeria; you testified in substance in May of 1957 cago Mercantile Exchange in the onion fu­ Portland, Oreg., with Egypt; Butte, before the Grant subcommittee that the De­ tures contract have undoubtedly contrib­ Mont., with Mexico; and Kingsville, Tex., partment would not object if Congress saw uted to a more accurate reflection of supply with Singapore. fit to discontinue future trading in onions. and demand factors, we are convinced that While Camp Fire Girls are learning Does this mean, Mr. Kauffman, that the the scrutiny of trading operations by the about their own communities through Department recommends the passage of this ·cEA, along with the suppression of price their meet-the-people project, they are legislation? manipulation, has contributed to improve­ also learning about the foreign country Due to the fact that this bill will be ment in the price discovery process. brought on to the floor shortly for considera­ 8. The Department's report of March 13, of their choice. Many groups have tion, I would appreciate it if I could have 1957, on H. R. 376 is set forth in the report found people who come from the nation your answers to the above questions forth­ of the House Committee on Agriculture of they have selected. Camp Fire Girls in right. August 8, 1957 (H. Rept. 1036, 85th Cong., Lawton, Okla., chose Pakistan because Sincerely, 1st sess.). In its report, the Department ex­ many Army omcers from that country PHIL WEAVER. pressed the view that should H. R. 376 re­ train at nearby Fort Still. Port Angeles, ceive the approval of Congress, its enact­ ment would not significantly affect the mar­ Wash., Camp Fire Girls selected Malaya UNITED STATES keting or distribution of onions. because there is a family from that coun­ DEPARTMENT OF AGRICULTURE, Sincerely yours, try living in their city. COMMODITY EXCHANGE AUTHORITY, RODGER R. KAUFFMAN, The national youth organization serves Washington, D. C., February 28, 1958. Administrator. girls 7 years old, or in the second grade, Ron. PHIL WEAVER, through senior high-school age, in more House of Representatives. DEAR CONGRESSMAN WEAVER: This refers to than 3,000 communities throughout the your letter of February 26, 1958, relative to United States. H. R. 376. Without repeating your ques­ To the Stars, Through Difficulty ·tions, our replies are set forth below in the same order as the questions in your letter: EXTENSION OF REMARKS 1. So far as we have been able to learn, OF H. R. 376, the O~ion Bill the Congress has never prohibited futures trading in any agricultural commodity. HON. RALPH W. YARBOROUGH 2. A review of the advantages and disad­ OF TEXAS EXTENSION OF REMARKS vantages involved in the elimination of fu­ OF tures trading in onions leads to the conclu­ IN THE SENATE OF THE UNITED STATES sion that the onion farmer would not be Wednesday, March 19, 1958 HON. PHIL WEAVER materially affected by the passage of H. R. OF NEBRASKA 376. Erratic price swings existed in cash Mr. YARBOROUGH. Mr. President, onions long before futures trading became · IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES I ask unanimous consent to have printed of importance, and the abolition 'Of such in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD an ad­ Wednesday, March 19, 1958 trading could not be expected to eliminate dress entitled "To the Stars, Through these wide price fluctuations. Mr. WEAVER. Mr. Speaker, a num­ The average annual prices received by Dimculty" which I delivered at the ber of inquiries came to me relative to growers would continue to be principally de­ Fourth Congressional District Demo­ H. R. 376, which is known as the onion termined by t;he economics of the onion in­ cratic rally at Wichita, Kans., on No­ bill, and which passed the Rouse this dustry, of which the most important ele­ vember 25, 1957. past week. I directed a, letter to Mr. ments are the si-ze of the crop, e.n inelastic There being no Qbjeetion, the a'

So Ward found it expedient to settle on back on the job. But no~ we are now on tice-a bullet in the neck without benefit of the best possible terms. This agreement another spending spree full speed·aheaa, trial. Communists and their confederates on the fundamental issues did not con- even to the end that this Democrat · have uttered no protests. But for the Rosenbergs--duly tried and stitute a so-called master contract but · controlled Congress is today ordering our convicted of a shameless . betrayal of their became a pattern for the drafting and President to spend faster and more bY country-Communists brazenly demanded signing of individual contracts between the billions for our children and their "justice."' For sentencing the convicted the company's mail-order houses, ware- children to pay for our stupidity. traitors to death, the United States was houses, and stores and the local union · assailed in 50 languages from pole to pole as having jurisdiction. savage, barbaric, and inhuman. It is my understanding that Mont­ The_ whole sickening campaign was, of gomery Ward and the teamsters are Save Rosenbergs Drive Was Giant Red course, never intended to benefit the spies. about to start negotiating a new agree­ As individuals, the Rosenbergs were of no Fraud concern to communism. Had they lived­ ment to replace the one in force which and perhaps talked-they might have en­ expires on May 31. For that reason I dangered the movement. Dead, they were would like the REcORD to show what I EXTENSION OF REMARKS martyrs. A study of the activities and rec­ have discovered to be the facts surround­ OJ!' ords of the campaign points clearly to the ing the relationship between the parties fact that its objectives were these: HON. DANIEL J. FLOOD 1. To vilify the United States and to concerned. spread the lie that its Government perse­ OF PENNSYLVANIA cutes minorities and political dissenters. IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES 2. To raise funds for overall Communist Nineteen Fifty-eight Pump Priming Wednesday, March 19, 1958 programs of supervision and propaganda. 3. To recruit new members and sym­ Mr. FLOOD. Mr. Speaker, under pathizers for communism. EXTENSION OF REMARKS leave to extend my remarks in the REc­ 4. To restore the badly tarnished, reputa­ OF ORD, I include the fourth in a series of tion of the party. HON. BEN F. JENSEN eight articles by the Honorable FRANCIS 5. To create and exploit divisive anti­ E. WALTER, chairman, House Committee Semitism. OF IOWA on On-American Activities, on the Com­ 6. To bolster the campaign to infiltrate IN THE ·HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES American churches. munist conspiracy in America. This 7. To divert attention from anti-Semitism Wednesday, March 19, 1958 series appeared in the Philadelphia in Russia and its satellites. Mr. JENSEN. Mr. Speaker, in oppos­ Inquirer recently, as follows: 8. To discredit American courts and to cast ing House Concurrent Resolution 285 and SAVE ROSENBERGS DRIVE WAS GIANT RED doubt on the investigation and conviction of FRAUD all Communists. 286, which, in effect, orders the President In a trial that lasted more than 3 weeks, of the United States to spend faster and (Fourth of eight articles) the guilt of the Rosenbergs had been estab­ more billions than he recommends, I, of (By Representative FRANCIS E. WALTER, lished beyond doubt. The separate threads course, know that, I will be voting with chairman, House Committee on Un-Amer­ of testimony wove themselves into a solid a small minority of the Members of this ican Activities) fabric of guilt. House. Nonetheless, I can neither find The Rosenbergs were sentenced to death Against all the facts elicited from the it in my heart or mind to so give orders to on April 5, 1951. More than 26 months were prosecution witnesses, the Rosenbergs pre­ to elapse, however, before they paid the pen­ sented only bare, unsupported denials. They our President, who has already asked for alty in the electric chair at Sing Sing, on could not refute a single point. The prosecu­ ~ more appropriations than I can support June 19, 1953. In the interval, having re­ tion, ready to call more than 120 witnesses, for the purpose of giving our economy ·a ceived a trial by a jury of their peers, they needed to call only 22. shot in the arm. During the New Deal demanded and received the full protection The Rosenbergs did not call a single wit­ pump-priming era from 1933 to Pearl of the law. Eminent attorneys carried their ness for themselves. They testified on their Harbor, we spent $47 billion in a vain cases seven times to the United States court own behalf. Morton Sobell did not even take effort to create prosperity, but as we all of appeals, which upheld the death sentence the stand. know over 10 million Americans were each time. And during the entire 3 weeks, the Com­ Another seven times their cases came be­ munist press published not a single word on without gainful employment, after 8 fore the United States Supreme Court, which the trial. Nowhere was there the slightest years of one shot in the arm after an­ refused a review. Three appeals for clem­ whisper of frameup that · was to be roared other, just as we are here attempting to ency were presented to two Presidents of the so loudly in the campaign to come. do. Then came Pearl Harbor, and soon United States. These, too, were denied. Neither was there so much as a hint of 14 million Americans were employed-in On the day before the Rosenbergs died, anti-Semitism, of duress, prejudice, or in­ uniform. a German house painter named Willi Goet­ timidation from counsel for the defense. Now, I am quite sure the great majority tling was shot to death by a Russian firing Emanuel Bloch, chief of the defense, was squad near his home. He was accused of skilled in Communist legal strategy; he had of thinking Americans want no more of having taken part in the East Berlin revolt represented more than one party leader. Yet that kind of business. against the Kremlin and he had been arrested not once did he or his colleagues challenge Facts are there was much more justi­ only 24 hours earlier. the conduct of the trial. On the contrary, fication for pump priming in 1933 than For Willi Goettling there was· no trial, no all the defense lawyers--especially Bloch­ . there is today, with the national income prominent legal defenders, no appeals to were effusive in their praise of the trial pro­ running on an annual basis of $430 higher courts. And Communists around the cedure. billion, which is at least eight times world coldly .ignored the fate of the German He thanked the court, Judge Irving Kauf­ house painter if, indeed, they ever heard of man, for having treated the defense with greater than in 1933. him. utmost courtesy. He paid tribute to the This recession would have been But in the 2 years preceding the deaths of courtesies extended by the FBI and conceded brought to an end just as quickly and the American traitors, there emerged a sec­ that "the trial has been conducted • • • more safely and intelligently had this ond Rosenberg case, a gigantic propaganda with the dignity and decorum that befits an Congress reduced the budget by at least campaign designed to hide their crime be­ American trial." $3 billion as I recommended last Jan­ hind a smokescreen and to exploit Julius and This is the same Bloch who, when the uary which could have been done and Ethel Rosenberg for the purposes of interna­ Rosenbergs' bodies lay in a Brooklyn funeral tional communism. chapel, screamed: should have been done by eliminating Fraud was the hallmark of the second "I place their murder at the door of Pres­ all unnecessary and wasteful spending Rosenberg case-fraud with a sinister pur­ ident Eisenhower, Attorney General Brownell -of the taxpayers dollars, and then reduce pose and a spectacular profit. It sought to and J. Edgar Hoover. This is not American taxes across the board by not less than blacken the name of America throughout the justice. America today is living under the the $3 billion so saved. world-with Americans paying the bill to heel of a military dictator garbed in civillan Such a program would have given con­ the tune of about half a million dollars. attire." fidence to the .people to spend more Millions of helpless and innocent persons He said the Rosenbergs were convicted have perished behind the Iron CUrtain only because they were "Communists. At billions for business expansion, and . in through execution, wholesale butchery, -the trial, he congratulated the court for purchasing manufactured commodities planned starvation, and the deliberate ex­ keeping politics out of the case. He claimed for themselves and their families, thus termination of minorities. Together, they the jury was. packed with jurors intent on the unemployed would have soon been exemplify the real methods of So_viet jus- sending the defendants to the chair. At the 4830 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 19 trial, he did not even use all his challenges to Again, the reason was obvious. In a Under leave heretofore granted, the eliminate prejudiced jurors. widely publicized political trial in Prague, stat.ement follows: After the "Save the Rosenbergs" campaign Rudolf Slansky and 13 defendants were began, Bloch denounced Harry Gold as a prosecuted by the state and on December 2, Maryland, as we know, is not regarded as p athological liar. At the trial he didn't even Slansky and 10 others were executed. one of our country's farm States. Farm bother to cross-examine Gold-his chance to Eleven of the 14 defendants were Jewish by people make up only 8.8 percent of its total expose his so-called lies. birth. The trial, in which the Kremlin un­ population, as compared with the national Throughout the campaign, Communists masked itself as a monstrous proponent of average of 12 percent. The average Mary­ shrieked of new evidence found in defense anti-Semitism, sent a wave of revulsion land farm contains 119.9 acres, while the na­ of the Rosenbergs, long after the so-called through the Free World. To divert attention tional average is 242.2 acres. evidence had been considered by the courts from its own guilt, communism turned Yet, these quantitative figures are highly and thrown out. - frenziedly to the Rosenbergs. deceptive, and in terms of qualitative values The Rosenbergs' service to the Soviet The charge of anti-Semitism was false on Maryland farming ranks near the top. Union began with espionage and ended with its face. Judge Kaufman was a Jew. So For example, it is interesting to note that their silence. They betrayed their native was the chief prosecutor, United States At­ the 119-acre Maryland fann has a value in land and maintained their allegiance to torney Irving H. Saypol, a product, like the land and buildings ($20,396) roughly the Moscow. Beyond this, they provided a rally­ Rosenbergs, of the East Side. So were the same ($20,405) as that of the average ing point for great numbers of Americans Government witnesses Harry Gold and David American farm double its size. who displayed a shocking readiness to join Greenglass. Maryland's cash receipts from farming in hands with treason. As the Rosen bergs' last hours approached, 1956 (latest available figures) totaled $243,- The first hints of a Communist campaign Communists whipped their followers and 500,000, an increase of approximately $10 on behalf of the spies came with the an­ their dupes into a last great effort. In million over the previous year. The cash nouncement that the newspaper National Washington, the White House was picl{eted. income per farm was $7,099. Guardian would expose the evidence on Chanting sympathizers jammed Union Of course, we Marylanders understand the which the pair had been convicted. In a Square in New York. Thousands of demon­ importance of agriculture in our overall series of seven articles in August, 1951, Wil­ strators groaned in London's Hyde Park, in State economy. From data provided me by liam A. Reuben characterized the trial as a Paris, in Rome, Genoa, and Vienna, flogging our Department of Agriculture, I have un­ frameup resulting from the collusion of the themselves into a fury of anti-Americanism. dertaken to summarize this week some of FBI and a self-·confessed spy and stool pigeon Viewed in its entirety, the Communist the efforts our Government has made to (Greenglass), designed to convince the pub­ Rosenberg campaign stands forth as a de­ stimulate this vital agricultural enterprise. lic that all Communists are a danger to the sign of monumental cruelty and deceit. CONSERVATION Nation's existence. There is no way to measure the damage it As a next step, shown by the records of inflicted upon American prestige but it was The Soil Conservation Serv:ice provides the Chase National Bank, the Communists extensive and lasting. technical help in soil and water conserva­ set up a bank account for the National Com­ The campaign deserves study because of tion through local organizations in all of mittee to Secure Justice in the Rosenberg the insight it offers into the operations and · our 23 counties, aiding 15,679 farmers operat­ Case, on November 8, 1951. It was not until techniques of the Communist front. One ing 2,307,534 acres. These farmers have ap­ 2 months later, however, that the Daily of the greatest propaganda advantages of the plied 225,024 acres in contour farming, 63,086 · Worker formally announced the creation of a Communist Party is the widespread_ belief acres, pasture planting, 11,684 a.cres, tree committee. that its front organizations pose less danger planting, 140,960 acres, farm drainage, built The reason for the delay was obvious: than the party itself. 2,135 ponds and 129 miles of terraces. Moscow ·first had to make sure the Rosen­ Actually, it is through its front organiza­ Under the agricultural conservation pro­ bergs wouldn't talk. They could not afford tions that the party seeks to effect its sub­ gram, in which the Government· shares the the risk that the imprisoned husband and versive program. They represent a major costs of approved conservation practices, wife might confess in the midst of a cam­ source of financial support and of new re­ Maryland farmers in 1956 on 8,256 farms paign on their behalf. cruits and draw in great numbers of persons with 1,400,000 acres carried out conserv.ation By January of 1952, thP. party could be sure who would recoil from any overt association practices with ACP cost sharing. not only that the Rosenbergs were safe but with communism. SOIL BANK that they could be counted on for a steady The Rosenberg campaign had every fea­ In this program, which controls surpluses fiow of propaganda material from their cells. ture of an effective front organization: the The confidence was not misplaced. Until by inducing farmers to retire some of their broad base of non-Communists; the rigid, productive acreage, Maryland farmers last the night of their deaths, the writings and · behind-the-scenes domination by Commu­ statements of the prisoners never deviated year received $2,278,340 for placing 43,046 nists; the camouflage of party rule and ob­ acres under acreage-reserve agreements, that from the party line. · jectives by humanitarian appeals, and will­ After the rejection of the first Rosenberg is to say, for producing less than their allot­ ing dupes calculated to entrap the unwary ments. In addition, 341 farmers put 13,259 appeal by the Circuit Court of Appeals, in into partnership with conspiracy. February 1952, the campaign gathered mo­ acres under conservation reserve contracts The future will bring other fronts and calling for first-year practice and annual mentum. This started a pattern which was causes promoted by the Communists for payments of $307,000. to be followed without change until the purposes similar to. those of the Rosenberg execution. Each reversal in the courts campaign. Their success can be prevented AGRICULTURAL CREDIT brought proportionately louder screams of only by the firm recognition of the "funda­ With the rising cost of modern farming, injustice and persecution, at mass meetings mental canon of a free society: namely, that farmers need credit to help them finance across the Nation. liberty cannot embrace disloyalty and still the improvement of lands and the purchase The committee suffered two reverses. One endure.· of farms, equipment, and livestock. In fiscal lay in its effort to introduce a civil liberties 1957, the Government made and insured note; the other in attempts to link legitimate loans in Maryland totaling $1,624,000, as Jewish organizations to the campaign. compared with $1,022,000 in 1956. On May 2, 1952, the American Civil Liber­ Agricultural Activities in the State of RURAL DEVELOPMENT ties Union through its counsel, Herbert M. Maryland Levy, issued a memorandum repudiating Our own Garrett County is one of the 70 every one of the Communist arguments and selected pilot counties in 30 States where summarily denying there was any violation EXTENSION OF REMARKS the Government is aiding local people to of civil rights in the Rosenberg's trial and OF reach a long-term goal of balanced farm, sentence. industry, and community development. Ini­ Almost simultaneously, the National Com­ HON. EDWARD T. MILLER tial development work includes the organi­ munity Relations Advisory Council, repre­ zation and operation of a cooperative fruit senting every major Jewish organization in OF MARYLAND and vegetable market and research and the United States, denounced the Rosenberg IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES planning for improved use of fo~est prod.ucts. committee for its attempt to "inject the false note of anti-Semitism into the Rosen­ Wednesday, March 19, 1958 SCHOOL LUNCH berg case." Mr. MILLER of Maryland. Mr. This program made school lunches avail­ The next phase began late in November able to 138,830 children in 680 Maryland Speaker, the distinguished junior Sen­ schools in fiscal 1957. Maryland was allotted . 1952, after the Supreme Court refused, for ator of my State, the Honorable J. the first time, to review the case. At this $1,020,803 in school-lunch funds, and 1,503,- GLENN BEALL, recently released an in­ point there began an avalanche of Rosenberg 502 pounds of food costing $197,855 was dis­ activity throughout Europe. Although there teresting summary relating to agricul­ tributed to our schools. In the special milk had been no Rosenberg committees in Eng­ tural activities in o~ State of Maryland. program, in 912 Maryland schools, children land and France for the previous 2'12 years, I believe the information it contains will consumed 30,200,000 half-pints of fiuid milk. committees suddenly sprang up in London be of interest to farmers and their Federal funds expended in reimbursement and Paris. friends. totaled $1,118,000. 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4831 RESEARCH to have been known as the Interna­ stances in which the communities of the Government market research showed tional Trade Organization. Through Congressional District which I represent Maryland tobacco farmers that their best op­ persistent effort, however, the State De­ have been seriously harmed by the im­ portunity to cut the resale margin of their partment succeeded in entangling this pact of too much foreign competition. tobacco is to sort and pack it more care­ country in another global agency which You will be interested to know that in fully. Another study showed that Maryland poultry farmers may escape damages such as would in effect carry out the basic objec­ 1949 domestic jeweled watch production they suffered from Hurricane Hazel by erect­ tives of the ITO. The agency through amounted to 2,793,000 units and domestic ing, at a cost of 10 cents per hen, a 30-by- which this relationship was established pin-lever watch production totaled 6,- 70-foot frame poultry house capable of re­ came to be known at GAT!', which in the 299,000 units for a total of 9,092,000 units, sisting a 108-mile-an-hour hurricane wind. decade of its existence has never been while imports amounted to 7,699,000 units EDUCATION submitted to Congress for official rejec­ for the same period. Now, bringing these The 112 Maryla~d county extension agents tion or approval. tables up to 1956, the last year for which bent their efforts toward helping farm fam­ Mr. Speaker, we do not want the OTC, figures were available, you will find our ilies adjust farm and home operations to and I am quite confident this legisla­ domestic production total at 9,449,000 technological innovations, changing eco­ tive body will so indicate if the foreign units as compared with a total of 12 - nomic conditions, and improved Government trade bill includes this proposal when it 459,000 imported units. These shocki~g aids. Extension agents in 1956 helped 22,838 reaches the floor of the House. Mean­ data are ample evidence of why our watch Maryland farm families, 15,214 rural non­ industry has been forced to let off so farm families, 130,157 urban families, and while it is essential that we make fur­ 14,838 4-H Club members. ther plans for revising the Trade Agree­ many of its workers in the interim period. ments Act in such a way as to provide Under the barrage of imported goods, DmECT DISTRmUTION PROGRAM protection for American industry and Connecticut's payrolls for textile-mill In 1957, the Government made available labor. I state without qualification that products declined from $125 million in . 4,850,211 pounds of surplus foods, costing 1950 to $100 million in 1955. As for our $1,644,622, for donation to eligible persons. the present trade policy is inimical to the Of this, 3,545,731 pounds costing $1,319,798 welfare of this Nation. The time has nonferrous metals, the injury from im­ was used. in the school-lunch programs, come to cast aside the most obviously ports extends from the mines of the West 1,160,962 pounds costing $285,834 in institu­ objectionable features of the present pro­ to the manufacturing plants in Con­ tions, and 143,518 pounds valued at $38,990 gram. I frankly am disappointed that necticut. went to needy persons. more of the officials in our executive de­ In the factories of Germany and other Incidentally, Baltimore, by action of its partment are not willing to admit that foreign countries, workers receive only a city council in this year's budget, became the defects in the current program are small percentage of what is paid their eligible to receive these Federal surplus counterparts in this country-but many products for distribution to needy families too destructive of the domestic economy through the city welfare department. to warrant further experimentation. of the foreign labor forces have steady Of course, this purports to be a recital of My impression of the bill introduced employment while our own workers are only a small phase of Government farm by the gentleman from Georgia [Mr. lying idle. Unless a compensatory pro­ program which seeks to improve the condi­ DAVIS] and the gentle.man from Pennsyl­ vision is included in the trade agree­ tions of farmers by coordinated programs to vania [Mr. SIMPSON] is that it will tend ments extension, these unfair conditions increase efficiency, broaden internal and for­ to provide the safeguards necessary to will continue to preva.U and Congress eign markets, reduce the ever-plaguing farm our own industries without in any way must accept the responsibility for them. surpluses, and· promote general economic Let us take a typical Connecticut com· stability. · inflicting hardship on exporters elSe- . where in the world. While the American munity to localize the issue under dis- worker is our first line of concern, I · . cussion today. Torrington, with a popu.. lation of approximately 28,000, is essen .. The Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act nevertheless recognize that so many commitments have been made by Ameri­ tially an industrial city whose produc.ts can diplomats attending GATT and . include sewing machine needles, latch EXTENSION OF REMARKS other trade conferences all over the knitting machine needles, surgical OF world that a complet~ reversal of policy needles, antifriction bearings, machine could be upsetting to production and nuts, screws and other specialty prod­ HON. JAMES T. PATTERSON ucts, bicycle parts, brass products, roller OF CONNECTICUT shipping schedules of some of the signa- . tory countries. None of us wants to en­ skates, fishing rods, woolen goods, IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES act legislation that would in any way be foundry products, gaskets, timing de­ Wednesday, March 19, 1958 considered unfair to our friends else­ vices, and fans. Mr. PATTERSON. Mr. Speaker, for where in the universe. Certainly the Last week Mr. Harry B. Purcell, di­ almost a quarter of a century the United bill under discussion today would enable rector of industrial relations, the Tor­ States Government has been experi­ all of our allies to enter our markets with rington Co., appeared before the House menting with a foreign-trade policy their products, yet it would provide the Ways and Means Committee. Here are illegitimately conceived and a monstros­ mechanism necessary to bring some bal­ two paragraphs from his testimony: ity in structure and character. The ance into a situation that is now tilted In my own city of Torrington, Conn., we Reciprocal Trade Agreements Act is a sharply in favor of foreign nations be­ have close to 2,000 unemployed out of a total cause of their comparatively low wage labor force of about 14,000. But here again direct violation of the Constitution be­ we find that the unemployment statistics do cause it endows the executive depart­ scales. not reveal the true picture, because approxi­ ment with the power that section 8 spe­ Naturally I concur in the provision to mately 4,000 factory .employees, or nearly 65 cifically assigns to Congress. return to Congress the power of review­ percent of our industrial population, are only The State Department would also ing Tariff Commission decisions. All of working from 24 to 35 hours per week. And relish our involvement in the Organiza­ the elected representatives of the people they have been laboring under this austerity 'tion for Trade Cooperation, under should feel considerably more at ease schedule for many months, and in some after this reestablishment of constitu­ cases, more than a year. which tariff-making powers would be We know that to a great extent, this transferred to 3 dozen representatives of tional intent becomes law. As for the severe decline in our economic security is foreign nations and one American sitting 1-year extension, I am in hardy accord, due both directly to the competition we are in conference some 3,000 miles east of for it is highly possible that other ad­ receiving from foreign manufacturers of our Connecticut. justments--perhaps of the very position products, and indirectly, to the foreign com­ In the event that any of my colleagues which we ·advocate today-may be re­ petition being met by other United States may not immediately recognize the pei'ils quired at. the end of the 12-month pe­ manufacturers who use our products either involved in the OTC, let me remind him riod. to make, or as a component of, their goods. that acceptance of United States mem­ Mr. Speaker, I am not going to impose Mr. Speaker, accounts _of industrial bership in it on the part of Congress upon the gentleman's time here today by stagnation and human hardship caused would in fact give sanction to the Gen­ recounting the injury that has been re­ by excessive imports could occupy many eral Agreement on Tariffs and Trade, an flected upon the various industries in my pages in the CONGRESSIONAL RECORD. I office which blossomed out of the failure -State through the current illogical trade do not wish to extend my remarks fur• to link the United States with what was program. I shall recite only a few in- ther because I am confident that the 4832 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 19 situation is now s0 well understood­ will get much .Jess as a result of the man to speak for ~he entire group or groups particularly because a great number of President's veto. In the face of this his so as to conserve the time of the committee veto is difficult to justify. This vetoed and at the same time avoid repetitious testi­ my colleagues are experiencing similar mony. Compliance with this request will conditions in their own constituencies­ bill was the only. chance my farmers had enable the committee to make a more ade­ that the Trade Agreements Act as pro­ of getting just a little help. quate time allocation available to such wit­ mulgated and perpetuated by the State The hucksters who inspired this veto nesses. In those cases where there are dif· Department will no longer be tolerated. will be noted for urging billions for peo­ ferences within the industry, or group, the I feel that representatives of mining ple all over the world, but would not committee will undertake to schedule and petroleum activity as well as indus­ spend $15 million to increase income for spokesmen representing the different points try and agriculture can meet on com­ dairy farmers by $250 million. They will of view. Other persons within an industry, be noted for spending billions to help or group, who desire to do so will be per­ mon ground in the legislation proposed mitted to file written statements for the by the gentleman from Pennsylvania metropolitan areas-but not ohe cent for consideration of the committee and for in­ [Mr. SIMPSON] and the gentleman from the preservation of our farm economy. clusion in the printed record of the hear­ Georgia [Mr. DAVIS]. I for one intend Mark you well, from now on Benson, ings. The amount of time allocated to wit­ to give it my earnest support. veto, depression are three different nesses will be determined by the total num­ words but have the same meaning and ber scheduled to appear and the total are indivisible one from the other. amount of time available to the committee for these hearings. It is obvious that only a limited number of witnesses can be heard Benson and Veto Will Deepen and in this 3-day period. If the interested per­ Prolong Recession . sons do not designate a spokesman for an Announcement of Hearings on Unem­ entire group with similar interests, it will ployment Insurance be necessary for the committee to do so. EXTENSION OF REMARKS Persons desiring to appear and testify be· OF fore the committee should submit their re­ EX';('ENSION OF REMARKS quests to the clerk, Committee on Ways and HON. ALVIN E. O'KONSKI OF Means, room 1102, New House Office Build­ OF WISCONSIN ing, Washington 25, D. C., no later than IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES - HON. THOMAS B. CURTIS Monday, March 24, 1958. The requests OF MISSOURI should specify whether the witness in ge·n­ Wednesday, March 19, 1958 IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES eral opposes or supports these proposals. Mr. O'KONSKI. Mr. Speaker, it is The clerk of the committee will notify the Wednesday, March 19, 1958 witnesses who are scheduled to appear as difficult to imagine the real reasons be­ soon as possible after the termination date hind the veto of the "hold the line" farm Mr. CURTIS of Missouri. Mr. Speak­ for receipt of requests to be heard March bill. The veto of the farm bill by the er, under leave to extend my remarks in 24. President will most certainly deepen and the RECORD, I include the following an­ All persons who desire to do so may submit prolong the present recession. It is diffi­ nouncement: a written statement in lieu of a personal ap­ cult to understand the veto in the face HON. WILBUR D. MILLS, DEMOCRAT, OF ARKAN• pearance. Such statements will be considered of present economic conditions. SAS, CHAIRMAN, COMMITTEE ON WAYS AND by the committee and will also be printed There has been organized the most MEANS, HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, AN­ in the record of the hearing. It is requested vicious group of hucksters in our Gov­ NOUNCES HEARINGS To BE CONDUCTED ON that persons who submit such statements fn ernment's history to boost foreign aid by LEGISLATION To PROVIDE FOR AN EMERGENCY lieu of an appearance make the statements the billions and import more products by EXTENSION OF FEDERAL UNEMPLOYMENT available not later than April 1, 1958. A COMPENSATION BENEFITS minimum of three copies of such statements the billions. Seemingly their whole plan for inclusion in the printed record oi the to lick the depression is more foreign aid Chairman WILBUR D. MILLs, Democrat of Arkansas, Committee on Ways and Means, hearings should be submitted. and more imports-the two things House of Representatives, today announced Witnesses who are scheduled to appear in which did so much to create the present that the committee had agreed to hold hear­ person before the committee should, where depression. This group of hucksters are ings on Friday, March 28, Monday, March 31, possible, submit a minimum of 50 copies of the chief planners in our Government of and Tuesday, April 1, 1958, on the subject their statement for the use of the committee today. They mean no good for our of an emergency extension of unemploy­ members and staff. If a witness also desires Nation. ment compensation benefits so as to continue that his statement be made avaiiable ·to the The President has asked for billions unemployment compensation for those in­ press and the interested public, it is sug­ upon billions to build houses and other dividuals are unemployed and who have al- gested that at least 60 additional copies be . ready exhausted their benefits under the submitted to the clerk for this plirpose. The projects in our cities and slums. He has various State laws. 50 copies of the written statements of those asked billions to prime the pump in our Chairman MILLs also stated that the sub­ persons who are scheduled to appear and tes­ metropolitan areas. To relieve distress ject of the hearings encompassed any recom­ tify should be submitted to the clerk at least and suffering among the unemployed I mendations or suggestions which witnesses 24 hours in advance of their scheduled ap­ support such programs. But he vetoes a might advance relat.ive to the most feasible pearance. The additional copies for the bill that would have only cost $15 million emergency measures which might be suitable press and the interested public should be to give dairy farmers an additional $250 for affording assistance to individuals who submitted to the staff office, room 1102, New are unemployed and who cannot qualify for House Office Building, on t.he witness• date of million in income. The play for the city the additional unemployment compensation appearance. vote is monstrous. In this play the benefits because they have not been covered. farmer has been cast into the junk heap. by the unemployment compensation pro­ This recession started with the Ben­ grams of the various States. Testimony will son-created farm depression. As all past also be .recelved on means of financing these Alaska Statehood: When Will It Become depressions, this one started on the farm. programs from any witnesses who may want a Reality? You can't have a 4-year farm depression to testify on this point. without paying the ·penalty. So now we There are presently pending before the are going to fleece the taxpayer for an­ · Committee on Ways and Means two bills on EXTENSION OF REMARKS $50 the subject of emergency extension of un­ OJ!' other billion to fight a Benson­ employment compensation benefits-H. R. created depression-prolonged and . 11326, introduced by Chairman MILLS, and HON. JOHN P. SAYLOR deepened by a Presidential veto. The H. R. 11327, introduced by House Majority $15 million asked in the vetoed bill would Leader JoHN w. McCORMACK. It has been OF PENNSYLVANIA have $aved billions in handouts to fight reported that the administration in the very IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES the depression. · near future will present a proposal on this Wednesday, March 19, 1958 It is interesting to note with all the same subject. If this is done, it will also gifts the President himself received, he be included in the hearings. Mr. SAYLOR. Mr. Speaker, the other Chairman MILLs further stated that, due day a friend of mine from Alaska asked still was not able to operate his own to the extremely heavy schedule of the Com­ farm without more than $3,000 in bene­ mittee on Ways and Means, only 3 days me a very pertinent question, one which fit payments from the United States would be available for the purpose of these I believe we should seriously consider. Treasury. This $3,000 benefit from the hearings. His question was, "How long does it take United States Treasury is more than This makes it essential that witnesses the Congress to respond to the will of the most of my farmers make all year. They with a similar interest designate a spokes- people?" 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4833 There are not many issues which come vote of 218 to 170. The situation regard­ The issue of statehood is not, should before the Congress time and t1me again. ing Alaska is quite different today than · not, and cannot become a partisan issue. There are not many issues upon which it was in 1955 and I would like to detail I repeat: Government by the governed the platforms of the two major political for you some of the developments since is an American heritage. We cannot parties of our · country have been in that time. in good conscience continue to deny unanimous agreement for some period of In November of 1955 a Territorial Alaskans their rightful heritage. time without any action of Congress. Constitutional Convention was called by Mr. Speaker, I hope and earnestly Yet my friend's qllestion was directed the Governor of Alaska. The duly pray that before this Congress adjourns towards just such an issue. elected delegates to that convention we shall add another star to our great Very few issues which so affect our drafted one of the finest constitutions flag. And if this is accomplished, the country in its position of world leader­ ever to be prepared. On April 24, 1956, question of my Alaskan friend will be ship as the matter which I wish to dis­ this constitution was approved by the answered. cuss here today. voters of Alaska by better than a 2 to 1 Mr. Speaker, I am concerned about the majority. future of Alaska. The first statehood In 1955 there was some question con­ St. Patrick bill was introduced in this Congress by cerning the support of the administra­ Delegate James Wickersham on tion for the statehood bill of Alaska. I EXTENSION OF REMARKS March 30, 1916. Now, 42 years later am happy to be able to point out to the there appears to be some question as to Members of this House today that the OF whether this body should act upon the Secretary of the Interior, Fred A. · HON. HUGH J. ADDONIZIO request of that Territory for an imme­ Seaton, has presented to Congress the oF NEw JERSEY diate grant of statehood. recommendations of the administration IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Why this is so is beyond· my compre­ which are jn complete support of im- hension. mediate statehood for Alaska. These Wednesday, March 19, 1958 This House seriously began considera­ recommendations were consistent with Mr. ADDONIZIO. Mr. Speaker, on tion of the question of statehood for the request of President Eisenhower in the h81PPY occasion of St. Patrick's Day, Alaska during the 20th Congress. In his budget message ·of 1957 and 1958. the whole world joins in honoring the every Congress, in fact in every session, In 1957 the budget message stated: great patron saint of Ireland and his since the 80th Congress, we have con­ I also recommend the enactment of legis- beautiful Emer:ald Isle. His life is an in­ sumed not only our time and energy but lation admitting Hawaii into the Union as a spiration to all mankind. It is safe to that of countless witnesses and repre­ State and that, subject to area limitations say that not since the close of the apes­ sentatives of various Government agen- and other safeguards for the conduct of de- tolic age itself has any saint been more . cies in our attempt to probe further into fense activities so vitally necessary to our 'constantly -a,nd affectionately remem­ the basic question: Is Alaska ready for national security, statehood also be con- bered. Yet very little--almost nothing, statehood? ferred upon Alaska. in fact, is certainly known Of his per- · ·Mr. Speaker, the hearings on the In the 1958 budget, President -Eisen- sonallife, let alone his personality. But Alaska bill by the House alone since the hower requested Congress to complete "by their fruits ye shall know them." It 80th Congress now total more th~m 3,400 action on appropriate legislation admit- is what· St. Patrick accomplished, · and printed pages. ting Hawaii and Alaska into the Union what he. stands for today, that has sur­ These hearings read like a broken as States. rounded his memory with an aura which record: Time arid time again the op­ As the President and responsible om- sh81ll not fade while the breath of man ponents of the admission of Alaska, and cials of the Eisenhower administration remains-certainly not while it remains our other great ·Territory, Hawaii", have have said, the admission of Alaska as 'in-Irishmen. repeated the same argument~ which were a State will demonstrate to the world Born probably about the year 385, he used against ·California, · Oregon, Ne­ that America practices w:Q.at it preaches. . was the son of a Christian deacon, br'aska; and .many others of our great . Let me get back to my original ques- · ·name.d Calpurnius. His father is repre­ States.- Where would we be today and tion then as posed to me by my friend sented as a middle-class landed pro­ what would be our position in this world from Alaska. prietor and a decurion, or ROman mili- of Explorers, sputniks, and interconti­ Just how long .will it take us to de- tS~ry officer of ·the lowest rank. The nental missiles if our predecessors had liberate this matter? How many more place'of Patrick's birth is in dispute, but listened to such arguments? pages of testimony must we accumulate it is generally conceded to have been on The citizens of Alaska have petitioned before we get down to serious action on -the southwest coast of Britain and was time and time again to be admitted into this issue? How much more time of probably in Glamorganshire, in present • our Union, and I believe that the people the Congress ~ must . be devoted to the day Wales. As the son of a church om­ of these United States heartily endorse consideration of purely internal Alaska cer and a Roman army officer, Patrick their request now. legislation because we have failed to was a,lmost certainly equcat.ed as a Alaska has been under the American grant to this Territory the autonomy it Christian and imbued with loyalty to the :flag since 1867 and at the time this great deserves? t mighty empire whose imperial govern· Territory was acquired there was no In a statement to our committee, the ment centered at faraway Rome. other Territory which was not destined Secretary of the Interior, Fred A. Sea- According to the familiar account, at to receive the blessing of the then exist­ ton, pointed out that in the last Con- the age of 16 the-boy was captured by a ing States to become a member of our gress no less than 50 separate bills han- band of marauding Irish and carried off Union. In fa·ct, the·treaty with Russia died by the Territory Subcommittee we~e into slavery to a part of Ireland some­ by which we acquired Alaska contains enacted into law; 30 of those bills-just times identified as the present County what I believe to be a pledge to the in­ over half-related solely to Alaska. Antrim. After 6 years of bondage he habitants of the Territory that they Gentlemen,- I . believe the time has escaped to France where he spent some would one day become full-:fiedged citi­ come, in fact the time is long overdue, years of study and re:fiection in the zens of our great Nation. Americans for us to turn the affairs of Alaska over monastery of Lerins. Upon leaving the who live in . Alaska cannot attain this to Alaskans. The right of government monastery he seems to have returned status until they have the right to elect by the governed is an American heri· to his boyhood home in Britain. It was· representatives to Congress who have tage. That right cannot be denied much possibly there that he first conceived the the power to vote on the many issues idea of becoming a missionary to Ireland, which affect not only Alaska but the Na­ longer. As the Secretary of Interior has then completely pagan. According to tion as a whole. pointed out there is ample "eyidence his famous confession, in a dream he Mr. Speaker, we last considered this that as America's last frontier Alaska is beheld a man named, appropriately, Vic­ subject on the floor of this House in the land of opportunity. Her .great f<;>r· torious, who handed him a missive, en­ May 1955 when we debated a joint ests, her tremendous, and .as yet barely titled "The Voice of the Irish." While Alaska-Hawaii statehood bill. That bill tapped, natural resources will, I believe, repeating the words, he tells us: was recommitted to the House Commit­ continue to assure her economic growJ;h I imagined t~at ;r heard in my mind the tee on Interior ·and Insular Affairs by a for generations to' come." ' . voice of those who were near the wood of 4834 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE March 19 Foclut, which is near the western sea, and great was the glory that there was no standing of himself, physically, mentally, and thus they cried: "We pray thee, holy youth. night for 12 days." spiritually. It should whet his curiosity to come and walk amongst us as before ... Many of us are familiar with the 'about the world he lives in and the universe lovely legend of the shamrock, which of which he is a part. It should give him an Disregarding the pleas of his relatives, understanding of the people he must live Patrick returned to France to study for will forever be associated with the · with and people across the world. It is being the priesthood and after long years of memory of st. Patrick. It is said that suggested by increasing numbers that what preparation was ordained priest and was it is from this tiny green plant, with its we have been calling education is really little consecrated missionary bishop to Ire­ three leaves, that Patrick was wont, in more than instruction. land by Pope Celestine I in the year 432. his sermons on the hillsides and in the Which are we giving our youth? That same year he returned to the land churches he had built, to illustrate the At first blush it would appear that our of his captivity. Landing at Inverdea, doctrine of the Trinity. It is one of much vaunted public education system is at the mouth of t.he River Vartry. in those traditions which are so entirely not producing the results that the country needs. Yet, when I compare what my school county Wicklow, Patrick proceeded im­ fitting-so eminently right-that it is days gave m,e of general knowledge of the mediately to east Ulster, and there he far, far safer to believe than to dis­ world with the enormous amount that the commenced his missionary work on the regard. youngsters of today seem to know, I am southwest side of Strangford Lough in a st. Patrick received his summons on amazed by the difference. wooden barn given to him for religious March 17, 493, according to an ancient The one tremendous fact, however, that I purposes by a converted chieftain. account. Before he closed his eyes he learned, which seems to me to be funda­ The missionary bishop's first task was prayed that the light of holy religion mental, today's youth appear to have little to consolidate the work of his recent should never cease on the hills and in knowledge and less certainty of, viz: that predecessor, Palladius, who seems to have the valleys of the land he had come to "the earth is the Lord's and the fullness thereof, the world and they that dwell there­ labored chiefly in the south and south­ love. As he prayed-so runneth the old in." Nor does there seem to be much if any west, where Christianity was probably chronicle-an. angel came to him and suggestion given them that life itself is the first preached in Ireland. The next said: greatest privilege ever granted, that it re­ thing was to gain the ear of Loigaire, the Fear not; your apostolate shall never cease. quires disciplines of every sort to give it Druid High King at Tara. Although he meaning, to give it a joy that results in never succeeded in converting the king, And it never has. accomplishment. he did secure the royal protection for Our young people today with all their gen­ Christian converts and did convert the eral knowledge of the antipodes are a very king's brother, Fedilmid, who made over real and constant problem to thm:e whose Education: A Shared Responsibility business it is to fit them into the work-a-day to Patrick his estate at Trim, in what is living that must be theirs. I am constantly now County Meath, to be used to found being importuned to do something to give and support a church, and here the mis­ EXTENSION OF REMARKS high-school graduates some knowledge of sionary bishop eventually built the abbey OF even simple arithmetic, of the alphabet, of church of St. Mary. Thus it is probable spelling and reading and writing. that the site of the first church reared HON. FRANCE~~ BOLTON "Where can I place them?" said one dis­ and consecrated by the saint lies some­ OF OHIO traught man. "They can't be file clerks as where in the picturesque old town on the IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES they don't know the alphabet. They can't upper waters of the Boyne. be stenographers for they can't spell. They Wednesday, March 19, 1958 can't keep books or get into finance as they · In the years which followed, the great Mrs. BOLTON. Mr. Speaker, there can neither add, subtract, nor multiply." apostle to the Irish zealously pursued his Not long ago a man in charge of education holy mission up and down the length ·are a great many problems in education which trouble all of us, and which we in one of our foreign airbases told me, and breadth of the green isle. The "The men haven't even had simple arith­ seed he planted fell on good ground. are making every effort to think metic. How can they expect to be trusted Thousands of converts flocked, year through. with the complicated work of the Air after year, to the standard of the cross; Earlier this month it was my privilege ·Force?" Applicants for Annapolis, etc., are churches rose everywhere in testimony to address the regional conference of the low in math, English, history. thereof. The years of his captivity had .American Association of School Admin­ These are but examples of what comes proved a blessing in disguise, for it istrators in San Francisco, on the subject across my desk and into my office constantly. Education: A Shared Responsibility. And there is a desperation in these people taught him thoroughly to understand In the thought that my observations that gives one pause. the Irish character-no mean feat, to It will serve no useful purpose to seek this day-and to speak the Gaelic there will be of interest, I include the a scapegoat for our educational predicament. tongue. It· is to this period of Patrick's address with my remarks. Everything from the Soviet Union to tele­ life that many of the legends and tradi­ EDUCATION: A SHARED RESPONSmiLITY vision wm be blamed, and I am sure that tions, most of them of a miraculous na­ (Address by Hon! FRANCES P. BOLTON before you receive an inordinate share of castiga­ ture. are attached. Whatever we may the American Association of School Admin­ tion. In the final analysis, however. each of istrator-s, San Francisco, Calif., March 11, us-parent, teacher, student, citizen-must believe of the saint's driving the snakes 1958) accept a part of the ultimate responsibUlty. out of Ireland-and no true Irishman, of course, doubts it-the great bishop of It is with considerable humility that I HISTORICAL VIEW Armagh was a formidable foe of the take this platform to address your distin­ Historically, our public education has been guished group. You have among you men viewed as a responsib111ty of the several forces of paganism, to which he dealt, and women far better equipped than I to States. Article X of the Constitution de­ indeed, the mortal blow. discuss education today. Yet, it may not be clares: Whatever may be doubtful about this amiss to bring you a facet of my thinking as "The powers not delegated to the United life- it has developed on this subject over the States by the Constitution, nor prohibited years. ~ to it by the States, are reserved to the Remarks a learned writer- Indeed, the view of the nonprofessional States respectively, or to the people." there can be no doubt that he was a great whose life has included the experiences of There is little doubt that one of the organizer, and that his enthusiasm and his wife, mother and grandmother, of work on a functions the Founding Fathers had in mind faith in his work inspired him to treat with school faculty, as well as many years of legis­ was that of education, and by interpretation latlve responsibility, may have its own con­ kings and princes, as though they had been of the lOth amendment the character of - tribution to make at this time. public education as a basic function of the· put there for his purposes of the spread of - In recent months there has been mount­ the Christian faith. States has been constitutionally established. ing evidence that the American people are From the earliest days of the Republic, Before Patrick had finished his great seriously disturbed by apparent inadequacies State legislatures have assumed governmen­ in our educational system. I do belteve that tal responsibility for education. One of the task and laid down his burden to spend all of us-laymen and educators alike­ his last years in prayer and contempla­ .first such declarations of. policy is found in should be eternally grateful that national at­ the Ordinance of 1787 which created the tion, we are told that he had founded tention has finally been focused on the kind Northwest Territory. This ordinance not no less than 360 churches, baptized with of preparation for life we are giving the ()nly guaranteed freedom of speech, thought, his own hand some 12,000 people, and youth of this great Nation of ours in this and religion but also excluded slavery from ordained countless priests. At his death, most ditficult era. the Territory and committed the govern­ Education if true to its essential reality ments of the new States to the support of so runneth the ancient chronicle, "so should give a youth and a girl an under- the schools. · 1958 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- HOUSE 4835 In my own State of Ohio, the :first thing . they need to have done, but cannot do at tional responsibilities. Once adequately the founders did after setting up the S1;ate all or cannot do so well for themselves in . comprehended, I am confident that our legislature was to· plan for a university. their separate and individual capacities. In citizens through local and State boards of Provisions for public education have been all that the people can individually do as education, will not only accept added :finan­ written into the fundamental law of every well for themselves, the Government ought cial and other responsibij.ities. but will insist State. Today, public education has come not to interfere." that it be so. to be the primary and single largest enter­ This sound philosophy was recently re­ PERSONAL RESPONSmiLITY prise of the States. stated by President Eisenhower, when he said that educators seeking to stimulate in­ Let me speak for a moment "'Of what I FINANCIAL SUPPORT terest in science and engineering should would like to call personal responsibility, The task of providing :financial support turn to the Government only for that which unquestionably begins in the home for our schools also lies with the States which they themselves cannot accomplish at and rests squarely upon parents. There is although to local school districts has been all or so well. not time to go into the tragedy of our broken delegated the function of :financing local With this admonition ever before us it homes, the casual selfishness of all too many school programs. More recently, the trend would seem safe to look favorably upon the parents, the results of working parents, etc. has been toward greater assumption of :fi­ administration's proposal of a 4-year pro­ Were there time I should want to picture nancial responsibility by the State and Fed­ gram of scholarship assistance primarily in also the wonderful homes one finds every­ eral Governments. the sciences and mathematics to meet a where, where love and companionship are Statistics for the year 1955-56 indicate part of our need. building strength and faith and security into the following sources of support: But I would emphasize that whatever the lives of thousands. Let us thank Heaven Elementary and secondary: Percent the Federal Government does in the field of for them. Local------55.9 education-and in most other fields as PARENT RESPONSIBILITY State------39.9 well-should be designed and intended to There is no question of the place the Federal------4.2 supplement, not to supplant the efforts of parent and the home occupy in the social Colleges and universities: the States and the communities. -Under ,no structure. Perhaps it is the· fact that men Local------2.9 conditions should we permit ourselves to and women have become so intent upon their State------25.3 be stampeded into a massive program of own so:-called happiness that they are over­ Federal------12. 6 Federal aid to education lest we find our looking their responsibilities as parents. Other (fees, etc.)------59. 2 whole principle of a Union of separate and Home to a child is the universe. In the early FEDERAL GOVERNMENT PARTICIPATION responsible States betrayed. Oh, it might years, dad and mom represent security or be much easier to dump our problems into insecurity. They are the pattern set up in As the foregoing statistics indicate, the Uncle Sam's lap, but it would certainly be a the very beginning. All too many parents Federal Government makes a substantial strange method for upstanding Americans. of today are poor examples of what the living contribution to American education, with We have recently heard a good deal about of life should contain. They have missed especial emphasis in the area of higher Russian methods of education, methods its meaning. They have lost their way. education. This role dates from 1862 when which would seem to cut time in little In the contacts I have with young people, the origtnal land grants to the States for pieces and get unbelievable results. While and they are many, I find so many who are universities were made, supplemented by we may deplore the authoritarian character starved for love, hungry for understanding. additional grants in 1887, 1890, and 1914. of those methods, we must acknowledge Home is often a place of terror and inse­ A definite recognition of Federal responsi­ their results in certain fields. In the span curity. From my own experience, I am cer­ bility came in 1867 when Congress estab­ of 40 years since the revolution, illiteracy tain that a child needs to learn that freedom lished the Federal Office of Education with has been reduced from 70 percent to less can be had only to the point of interference duties in educational research, services, and than 5 percent, a phenomenal achievement. with another's freedom; that respect for the administration of grant programs. This has By virtue of centralized absolute control other fellow be he mother, father, brother, become the United States Office of Educa­ over the lives of her citizens, the Soviet sister, friend, and stranger, is a basic need; tion, which carries on the above and addi­ Union is able to channel talents and ener­ that integrity, honor, and justice rest upon tional administrative functions. gies into key professions and occupations, the acceptance of discipline because life it­ In these and a variety of other ways­ thereby advancing at a fantastic rate. Those self is discipline ·and home is the first step ROTC, the service academies, veterans edu­ who fail to measure up are considered of in living. We who are or have been parents cation benefits, international educational little account. have the first responsibility and I fear we exchanges, tecb.nical assistance contracts­ As Americans, we instinctively reject such have not done too well. the Federal Government directly and in­ fetters upon_ individual and intellectual TEACHER RESPONSIBILITY directly participates in the educational freedom. Yet, if it continues to appear process. that our academic standards are danger­ Then come the school years for which the The most dramatic example of such par­ ously inferior to the Russian method, more responsibility must be shared by school ad­ ticipation, and one which is expanding daily, ministrators, teachers, parents, and the and more voices will be heard calling for a students themselves. 1s that of Federal research contract and greater imitation. grant programs. These have greatly stimu­ Your task as school administrators must The pattern and structure of American ed­ be a most difficult one. I am told that It is lated agricultural, scientific, and medical re­ ucation, while subject to much valid criti­ search in the higher educational institu­ estimated that well over 80,000 teachers in cism, today reflects years of profound think­ our public schools have substandard or tions. Principally administered by the Pub­ ing and planning. It has on the whole, in lic Health Service, the Department of De­ emergency credentials. But you have to use relation to its aims, succeeded pretty well, them part time or even full time because of fense, the Atomic Energy Commission, and and is to some degree at least undeserving the National Science Foundation, these the tragic scarcity of well-qualified teachers. of the more violent reproaches leveled in its Why is there this shortage? There must grants have a very real impact on our col­ direction. leges and universities. be many reasons, one of which is surely the True, the system does possess glaring de­ inadequacy of salaries. I confess to consid­ On the elementary and secondary levels ficiencies, but in its goal of carrying every­ there is, as yet, no Federal program of com­ erable shock when I read in the President's body through high school and providing ex­ report that: parable magnitude, although limited assist­ tensive opportunities for higher education, it ance has been made available for school­ "The plain fact is that the college teachers has had a remarkable success. Its sternest of the United States (and this is equally lunch programs and schoolbuilding facili­ test lies just ahead, and if it is to be success­ ties in Federal-impacted areas. Add all true at the elementary and secondary levels) ful, will require the highest possible degree through their inadequate salaries, are sub­ ~hese sums together and you will find that of cooperation on every level. the Federal Government is in the educa­ sidizing the education of our students. and tion business to the tune of something like Democratic societies by their very nature in some cases the luxuries of their families, possess certain built-in disadvantages that by an amount which is more than double tbe $1,616,654,000. are not common to totalitarian states. In To some this means that the Federal grand total of alumni gifts, corporate gifts, this country those disadvantages are com-· and endowment income of all colleges and Government. might as well do more and pounded, operating as we do through a Fed­ more. To others it gives pause for the cer­ universities combined. This 1s tantamount eral system of government. The compelling to the largest scholarship program in world tainty that freedom is lost when Government challenge to our Nation is how we, without controls education. history, but certainly not one calculated to compulsion or coercion, can retain the maxi­ advance education. Unless this condition is TErE FEDERAL ROLE mum desirable freedom of intellectual choice corrected forthwith, the quality of American With the fact before us of the amount of and still satisfy the legitimate needs of the higher education will decline. No student · Federal moneys already in education with Republic. and no institution can hope to escape the apparently no Federal controls, can we per­ Public awareness and understanding of our consequences." mit ourselves to increase Federal participa­ problems will do much to bring about their Fortunately for America there is this un­ tion, certain that due protection 1s given solution. Your task as school administrators believable number of dedicated men and against control possibilities. just as mine on Capitol Hill, is not solely women who give themselves selflessly to You Will recall President Lincoln's words: to respond to community sentiment. but teaching. "The legitimate object of Government is equally t.o enlighten and lead the public But surely the Fest o! us must :face up to to do !or· a community of people whatever toward a fuller appreciation of its educa- the. challenge cf their salaries. Yet even 4836 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD- SENATE March 20 more than this, we must find ways to give if the student is to receive a true education. ward than outward. Now we are challenged them the recognition that is so long over­ Parent-teacher associations are expressions to broaden our mental horizons as never due-theirs should be an honored place in of the recognition of a shared responsibility before. We are challenged to make our "In our Nation's life. It is rather embarrassing to by two of what I might call the component God We Trust" constantly more far reaching. realize that the U. S. S. R. does much more parts of the necessary cooperative action. Words won't do it--only deeds will. We need in the way of acknowledging the teacher's PTA's should be bulwarks of understanding. to challenge every phase of our living and contribution than we. They should be the basis upon which the every step of our way. But I should warn you of a danger into child's sense of security can be built. For Perhaps this that we call education, which which the teaching profession is fallin~ in education is the preparation for the living I would insist is preparation for the living of an effort to bring the standard of teaching of life in a space age. Discipline, respect, life or is nothing, stands near the top of our onto a higher plane. Graduate training for integrity, honor, faith in one's self, and in challenges. Because you who have made it teachers is placing all too much emphasis the Infinite are more needed today than at your profession are the first to want it to on method rather than upon context. There any time since man came to live upon the answer the needs of tomorrow's leaders, you is far too much .demand for degrees than for earth. Without these, today's youth will be are here together, questioning and discussing a true knowledge of subjects taught or of at a tragic disadvantage when life demands its possible faults and the possible improve­ the most important of all: understanding of their best. ments that can be made. I have come to you youth. Do not, I beg you, let this continue. Children are all any nation has with which as Senator CHURCH did that you may know to build a future- and they must be given that both Houses of the Congress are deeply MATURE TEACHER PROGRAM the tools of courage, and vision, of determi­ concerned even as is President Eisenhower. As we go searching about for more quali­ nation, and faith and then they must use This Nation of ours, conceived in a dream, fied teachers, let us not forget that we have them. born of a vision, carries upon her young a large reservoir of competent, mature Today's young people speak a new language shoulders a truly terrible responsibility. If women, who for one reason or another have to which we oldsters can well listen. It is we are to be true to the trust the infinite left the teaching profession. Many are re­ ours to give them every posl;lible opportunity plan placed upon us we must be certain that luctant to come back to the schoolroom, how­ based upon restraints and disciplines of body, we still believe that: ever much they may want to, feeling they mind, and soul. It is theirs to use them to "A nation is not a tangible thing, not a have lost ground academically and have too build a new world. building of bricks and mortar that will crash much to catch up with. WORLD LEADERSHIP RESPONSmiLITY to ruins at the first strong blow. But it is Dynamic Alice Leopold, head of the Wom­ an echo of the past, and a whisper from the en's Bureau in Washington, is doing some­ All over the Free World people are looking future, the whole bound together with the to America for leadership-leadership that lives, the hopes, and the endeavors of mil­ thing constructive along this line. As As­ is informed, intelligent, and inspired. Above sistant to the Secretary of Labor for Wom­ all, a leadership based upon a deep recogni­ lions of men and women." en's Affairs, she has instituted a program to tion that it is spiritual leadership the world We who believe this know that our youth bring back some 10,000 such women. needs. While her first concern must neces­ is all we have with which to build a future. You Californians have provided an excel­ sarily be her 170 million citizens, she must Are we giving them health, a wholesome pride lent example of how the refresher courses also conscientiously assume the grave re­ in their bodies, a deep curiosity about them­ should be conducted. I understand that at sponsibilities of world leadership. selves and their fellow men, an insatiable State college here in San Francisco there Basic to any assumption of such leader­ desire for knowledge and for understanding, has been a very active program for prepar­ ship is a fuller understanding of other peo­ a love of God and of His universe? ing older women college graduates for fully ples, their hopes, their dreams, their ambi­ Yours is the task of so organizing the certified teaching positions. It is good to tions. At a time when our need for such ever-increasing knowledge man has been know that currently there are some 130 col­ understanding is greatest, it is disconcert­ given so that it may be theirs to the extent leges and universities offering programs of ing to learn that fewer and fewer young peo­ each boy and each girl-each young person­ this type, and the Women's Bureau receives ple are studying foreign languages, and that can understand and use it. inquiries daily about them. history instruction is often inadequate to May the Infinite give you wil;dom and an familiarize them with past cultures and other ever greater comprehension of His desire for OUR RESPONSIBILITY TO YOUTH countries to say nothing of their own. mankind upon this earth as you sit here in It is my firm conviction that the school is As a young Nation, until recently insulated conference and then separate to return to but an extension of the home-that there­ by two oceans and the political gulf of isola­ your several fields of usefulness, stimulated fore parents and teachers need each other t ionism, our orientation has been more in- and refreshed by these days.

SENATE THE JOURNAL former servicemen by the Government On request of Mr. JOHNSON of Texas, pursuant to guaranty of life insurance premiums under the original Soldiers' THURSDAY, MARCH 20, 1958 and by unanimous consent, the reading of the Journal of the proceedings of and Sailors' Civil Relief Act of 1940, in to Civil Relief Act of 1940, was read twice vine task, "It is finished." We ask it in authorize refunds by the Veterans' Ad­ by its title and referred to the Com­ His ever-blessed name. Amen. ministration of amounts collected from mittee on Labor and Public Welfare.