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From Socotra Island ACTA ENTOMOLOGICA MUSEI NATIONALIS PRAGAE Published 30.xii.2014 Volume 54 (supplementum), pp. 121–132 ISSN 0374-1036 http://zoobank.org/urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:074A670B-274F-4E51-8C73-D44BF76347C8 A review of the Pselaphinae (Coleoptera: Staphylinidae) from Socotra Island Peter HLAVÁČ1) & Petr BAŇAŘ2) 1) Czech University of Life Sciences Prague, Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Department of Forest Protection and Game Management, Kamýcká 1176, CZ-165 21 Praha 6–Suchdol, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] 2) Moravian Museum, Department of Entomology, Hviezdoslavova 29a, Brno, CZ-627 00, Czech Republic; e-mail: [email protected] Abstract. First records of the Pselaphinae (Staphylinidae) from Socotra Island, Yemen, are given. Three new species: Epicaris bezdeki sp. nov., Trissemus so- cotranus sp. nov. and Centrophthalmus scanticola sp. nov. are described. A new diagnosis of the genus Epicaris Reitter, 1882 is provided and a redescription is also given. The list of the Pselaphinae of Socotra Island is completed by records of Articerodes syriacus (Saulcy, 1865), Ctenisomorphus major (Raffray, 1877), and Trissemus maroccanus wittmeri Besuchet, 1981. Key words. Coleoptera, Staphylinidae, Pselaphinae, Centrophthalmus, Epicaris, Trissemus, taxonomy, new species, new records, Yemen, Socotra Introduction Socotra is relatively large island in the Indian Ocean, lying some 240 kilometres east of the Horn of Africa and 380 kilometres south of the Arabian Peninsula. The island is very isolated with a high level of endemism, e.g., a third of its plant life is found nowhere else on the planet (for review see BATELKA 2012). The beetle fauna of the island is very poorly known in general (cf. HÁJEK & BEZDĚK 2012) and only 23 taxa of Staphylinidae identifi ed to species level are known from the island (ASSING 2012, 2013; HLAVÁČ 2012; LÖBL 2012). No members of the subfamily Pselaphinae have been recorded from Socotra until now. The aim of this paper is to provide the fi rst report of the Pselaphinae of Socotra, thanks to the result of study of the material collected during more Czech biological expeditions to Socotra from 2001 to 2012. HÁJEK J. & BEZDĚK J. (eds.): Insect biodiversity of the Socotra Archipelago II. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae 54 (supplementum): i–vi + 1–440. 122 HLAVÁČ & BAŇAŘ: A review of the Pselaphinae of Socotra Island (Staphylinidae) Materials and methods Dissections were made using standard techniques, and genitalia and other small structures were mounted in Euparal on acetate labels pinned together with the specimens. Leica S8APO and ZEISS microscopes were used for the study. Body length is a sum of head + pronotum + elytra + abdomen lengths, measured separately in dorsal view. Width of the head is measured across the eyes; width of the pronotum, elytra and abdomen is always the maximum width. Length of the elytra is measured along suture. The material used in this study is deposited in the following collections: CULS Faculty of Forestry and Wood Sciences, Czech University of Life Sciences, Prague, Czech Republic (Jan Farkač); NMPC Národní muzeum, Prague, Czech Republic (Jiří Hájek); PHCP Peter Hlaváč collection, Prague, Czech Republic. Other abbreviations: (p) – printed, ‘/’ indicates different label. All information about the distribution of known species follows BESUCHET & LÖBL (2004). All type specimens are pro- vided with the following, red printed determination label: ‘Holotype’ or ‘Paratype’, ‘name of the taxon’, P. Hlaváč det. 2012. Taxonomy BRACHYGLUTINI Trissemus maroccanus wittmeri Besuchet, 1981 (Fig. 1) Material examined. 1 : (p) ‘Yemen, Soqotra Is. 21.xi.-12.xii.2003, HADIBOH env., ca 10-100m, N12°65′02′′ E54°02′04′′ [GPS], David Král lgt. / (p) YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003, Expedition: Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král’ (NMPC). Notes. The specimen from Socotra is tentatively identifi ed as Trissemus maroccanus witt- meri described from Saudi Arabia (BESUCHET 1981) due to its distribution. As stated in the original description, there is no external character supporting the new subspecies that was described based only on a slightly different structure of the aedeagus. These differences are quite small and may be intraspecifi c variation rather than a character appropriate to defi ne different subspecies. That is supported also by the structure of the aedeagus of the specimen from Socotra, whose form is somewhat between the two known subspecies. It is highly likely that more material will prove that both subspecies are synonyms. Distribution. Saudi Arabia, Yemen. First record from Socotra Island. Trissemus socotranus sp. nov. (Figs 2–5) Type material. HOLOTYPE: (NMPC): (p) ‘YEMEN, Socotra, Aloove area, Hassan vill. env. 221 m, 12°31.2′N, 54°07.4′E, 9-10.xi.2010, P. Hlaváč, at light’. PARATYPES: 2 , 1 : same data as holotype (NMPC, PHCP); 1 : (p) ‘YEMEN, Socotra, wadi Ayhaft, 12°36.5′N, 53°58.9′E, 200m, 7-8.xi.2010, J. Hájek leg.’ (NMPC); 4 , 2 : (p) ‘YEMEN, Soqotra Is., 2003, 2-3/xii., Dixam plateau, WADI ESGEGO, 300m, N12°28′09′′, E54°00′36′′ [GPS], David Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54 (supplementum), 2014 123 Figs 1–2. Aedeagus, dorsal aspect. 1 – Trissemus marocanus wittmeri Besuchet, 1981; 2 – Trissemus socotranus sp. nov. Scale bars in mm. Král lgt. / (p) YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král’ (NMPC, PHCP); 1 : (p) ‘YEMEN, Soqotra Is., 21.xi.-12.xii.2003, HADIBOH env., ca 10-100m, N12°65′02′′, E54°02′04′′ [GPS], David Král lgt. / (p) YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král’ (PHCP); 1: (p) ‘YEMEN, Soqotra Is., 28-29.xi. 2003, HOMHIL protected area, N12°34′27′′, E54°18′32′′ [GPS], Jan Farkač lgt. / (p) YEMEN – SOQOTRA 2003 Expedition; Jan Farkač, Petr Kabátek & David Král’ (NMPC); 3 , 2 : ‘YEMEN: Socotra isl., Ayhaft, 15.iii.2000, Leg. Bejček & Šťastný’ (CULS, NMPC); 1 , ‘YEMEN: Socotra isl., Zerik, 25-27.iii.2001’ (NMPC). Description. Body shiny, pale yellowish-brown, maxillary palpi, antennae and legs lighter, yellow. Body length: 1.80–1.95 mm, width 0.82–0.85 mm, whole dorsum smooth, impunctate, with fi ne, short pubescence. Head dorsally fl attened, with large, subequal frontal and vertexal foveae, temples short, round; eyes very large, protuberant; maxillary palpi (Fig. 5) large, palpomere I transverse, II slightly pedunculate, III about as long as wide and about 0.35 times shorter than II, palpo- mere IV about 1.50 times as long as II and 2.30 times as long as wide, apical pseudosegment small, about 7.50 times shorter than palpomere IV. Antennae (Fig. 3) about 0.70 mm long, scape about as long as pedicel but more robust, pedicel about as long as III, antennomere III 1.50 times as long as IV, antennomere V as long as IV, both elongate, antennomeres V–X transverse, modifi ed, all with more or less developed lateral projection, X almost three times as wide as long, terminal antennomere fi ve times as long as X and more than twice as long as pedicel. 124 HLAVÁČ & BAŇAŘ: A review of the Pselaphinae of Socotra Island (Staphylinidae) Pronotum about 1.25–1.35 times as wide as long and about 1.10 times as long as head, widest at mid-length, slightly convergent in basal half and shortly parallel before base, with pair of deep lateral foveae and smaller median antebasal fovea. Elytra about 1.30–1.35 times as wide as long, with three laterobasal foveae, sutural and humeral foveae prolonged mesally by striae, humeral striae reaching apical quarter and sutural striae reaching apex of elytra. Figs 3–5. Trissemus socotranus sp. nov. 3 – left antenna, antennomeres II–XI; 4 – left tibia and tarsus; 5 – left maxillary palpus. Scale bars in mm. Acta Entomologica Musei Nationalis Pragae, 54 (supplementum), 2014 125 Abdomen slightly shorter and slightly narrower than elytra, fi rst visible (IV) tergite about twice as long as second (V), with two short, oblique discal carinae almost reaching basal third of tergite length, distance between carinae 0.35 of basal width of tergite, paratergites IV–VI well-developed. Legs. Mesotibiae (Fig. 4) with robust subapical spur. Aedeagus as in Fig. 2. Sexual dimorphism. Females similar to male, but with unmodifi ed, simple antennae, and lacking robust subapical spur on mesotibiae. Differential diagnosis. Trissemus Jeannel, 1949 with 175 species and 11 subspecies is one of the largest genera of the subfamily Pselaphinae. The regions closest to the island of Socotra, the Arabian Peninsula (12 taxa) and East Africa (27 taxa) are relatively species-poor com- pared to tropical Africa and Asia (114 taxa). Madagascar and South Africa host 16 species, and the rest of the Palaearctic region holds 17 species and subspecies (A. F. NEWTON & P. HLAVÁČ, unpublished data). Trissemus socotranus sp. nov. can be easily separated from all other species by: 1) modifi ed structure of antennomeres VI–X in male; 2) fi rst visible (IV) tergite about twice as long as second (V), with two short, oblique discal carinae almost ex- tending through the basal third of tergite length, distance between carinae 0.35 of basal width of tergite, paratergites IV–VI well-developed; 3) mesotibiae with robust subapical spur; and 4) shape and structure of the aedeagus. Etymology. Named after Socotra Island, place of the discovery of this species. Collection circumstances. All specimens were collected at light in arid areas. CLAVIGERINI Articerodes syriacus (Saulcy, 1865) (Figs 6–7) Material examined. 2 1 : (p) ‘YEMEN, SOCOTRA, Al Haghier Mts., wadi Madar, 1180-1230 m 12°33.2’N, 54°00.4’E, 12-14.xi.2010, J. Batelka leg.’ (NMPC, PHCP). Biology. This species usually lives with ants of the genus Lasius Fabricius, 1804 (JEANNEL 1949: 31). Socotran specimens have been collected on grassy slope in nests of Lepisiota spinisquama Kuznetsov, 1929 (B. Taylor det. 2010), which are found beneath stones. Distribution.
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