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The Late Cenozoic Benson and Curtis Ranch Faunas from the San Pedro Valley, Cochise County, Arizona

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The Late Cenozoic Benson and Curtis Ranch Faunas from the San Pedro Valley, Cochise County, Arizona The late Cenozoic Benson and Curtis Ranch faunas from the San Pedro Valley, Cochise County, Arizona Item Type text; Dissertation-Reproduction (electronic) Authors Lammers, George Eber, 1932- Publisher The University of Arizona. Rights Copyright © is held by the author. Digital access to this material is made possible by the University Libraries, University of Arizona. Further transmission, reproduction or presentation (such as public display or performance) of protected items is prohibited except with permission of the author. Download date 01/10/2021 18:58:55 Link to Item http://hdl.handle.net/10150/565221 THE LATE CENOZOIC BENSON AND CURTIS RANCH FAUNAS FROM THE SAN PEDRO VALLEY, COCHISE COUNTY, ARIZONA by George E^Lammers A Dissertation Submitted to the Faculty of the DEPARTMENT OF BIOLOGICAL SCIENCES In Partial Fulfillment of the Requirements For the Degree of DOCTOR OF PHILOSOPHY WITH A MAJOR IN BIOLOGY* In the Graduate College THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA 1 9 7 0 THE UNIVERSITY OF ARIZONA GRADUATE COLLEGE I hereby recommend that this dissertation prepared under my direction b y ________George Eber Lammers__________________ entitled T h e T.atp ftenoznir Rmnann anrl C!nrti« Ranch Faunas from the San Pedro Valley, Cochise County, Arizona, be accepted as fulfilling the dissertation requirement of the degree o f __________ Doctor of Philosophy_____________________ rfpr,/ ZQ '970 Dissertation Director Date After inspection of the dissertation, the following members •-J of the Final Examination Committee concur in its approval and recommend its acceptance:* t Ap, f ^ 0 , ^ 1 0 /J - 1 ph II A ! n, IS 1 M + J f . /9 7 l *This approval and acceptance is contingent on the candidate's adequate performance and defense of this dissertation at the final oral examination. The inclusion of this sheet bound into the library copy of the dissertation is evidence of satisfactory performance at the final examination. Please Note: Some pages have very light type. Filmed as received. University Microfilms. STATEMENT 3Y AUTHOR This dissertation has been submitted in partial fulfillment of requirements for an advanced degree at The University of Arizona and is deposited in the University Library to be made available to borrowers under rules of the Library. Brief quotations from this dissertation are allowable without special permission, provided that accurate acknowledgment of source is made. Requests for permission for extended quotation from or reproduction of this manuscript in whole or in part may be granted by the head of the major department or the Dean of the Graduate College when in his judgment the proposed use of the material is in the interests of scholarship. In all other instances, however, permission must be obtained from the author. SIGNED: ACKNOWLEDGMENTS Much of the field and laboratory work on the fauna of the St. David Formation was possible through National Science Foundation Grant G-2^189, under the direction of Dr. John F. Lance. Special thanks are also extended to Drs. Everett H. Lindsay and E. Lendell Cockrum, whose help and guidance was generously offered. Thanks are also due Drs. Terah Smiley, Robert B. Chiasson, and Donald A. Thomson for critically reading the manuscript, and offering suggestions and encouragement. The illustrations were prepared by Mrs. RaVae Idekker Marsh, Miss Susan M. Nagoda and Mrs. Sharon Withorne. Many friends have generously lent a hand in answer­ ing numerous inquiries to the best of their ability, in field work and laboratory preparation, and grateful acknow­ ledgment is hereby extended to all who have so assisted. I wish to extend particular thanks to my wife, Chris, without whose encouragement and assistance this paper would have been impossible. ill TABLE OF CONTENTS Page LIST OF ILLUSTRATIONS....................... vii LIST OF T A B L E S .................... vili ABSTRACT ............................................ % INTRODUCTION ....................................... 1 Purpose ........ • 2 Materials and Methods .......... ....... 2 Previous Work x................ 3 Geographic and Geologic Setting ••••.••• 5 Localities in the Benson and St. David Area . 14 SYSTEMATIC DESCRIPTION OF THE F A U N A .............. 1? Class Osteichthyes................ 17 Class Amphibia................. 1? Order Anura.................. 17 Bufonidae ......................... 17 Bufo alvarlus and B. woodhousei .. 17 Class Reptilia.......... 17 Order Squamata ......................... 18 Teiidae . ................. 18 Cnemldophorus sp.............. .. 18 Colubridae. ................... 18 Coluber constrictor . .......... 18 Order Chelonia .......... ........ 19 Chelydrldae..................... 19 Klnosternon flavescens ....... 19 Klnosternon cf• sonorlense . * . • 20 Testudinldae ....................... 21 Geochelane sp. , . 21 Class Aves. ....................... 26 Class Mammalia. 28 Order Insectivora..................... .. 28 Sorlcidae .............. 28 Notiosorex crawfordi........... 28 iv V TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued Page Order Chlroptera ......................... 30 Vespertilionidae..................... 30 of. Siraonycteris stock! ............ 30 Order Edentata ...... ........ ... 32 Glyptodontidae. .................. 32 Glyptotherlum arlzonae. ........ 32 Order Lagoraorpha ..... .............. 33 Leporidae . ..................... 33 Order Rodentia ......... ........ 35 Sciuridae..................... .. 35 Cltellus bensonl. .......... 35 Cltellus cochisel . .... ........ Cltellus sp. ................... f t Geomyidae.................... 44 Geotnys (Nerterogeomys) minor........ 44 Georays (Merterogeomys) perslrallus . Cratogeorays bensonl ................. Heteromyidae............ .. Perognathus rexroadensls. ...... Perognathus sp....................... Perognathus sp. ........... Dlpodomys minor ........... Dlpodomys gldleyl ................... Llomys sp..................... Castorldae. ............. Castor canadensis .......... Cricetidae............ .............. Bensonomys arizonae ........... • • • Peromyscus baumgartnerl ............ Peromyscus tltanomys n. sp.......... Balomys minimus ..................... Balomys brachygnathus ............ • Onychomys b e n s o n l ............ Onychomys oedroensis. ........ Slgmodon medlus • • . • • . • Slgmodon minor............... • Slgmodon curtlsl. .......... Neotoma fossllls.......... .. • • Neotona (Hodomys) olsenl n. sp. • • • 99 Pllopotamys meadensls .......... 102 Himomys (Cosomys) primus. ...... 103 Ondatra kansasensls ......... 105 Microtus (?) sp. T ................. 108 Hydrochoerldae ............ 110 Neochoerus sp..................... , 110 Order Carnivora. ................... 111 Canidae , 111 Can Is sp.......... .................. 111 vi TABLE OF CONTENTS, Continued Page Can is eriward 1 i» ................... .. 111 Canis latrans ....................... 112 Borophagus minycyon n. sp.. 113 Mustelldae................... 116 Spilogale pedroensis. ........ 116 Felidae ............... 11? Felis sp. ................... .. 117 Fells sp. .... ................... 117 Fells sp............................. 118 Order Proboscides.. ................. .. 119 Gomphotheriidae ..................... 119 Cuvleronlus ? bensonensis ...... 119 Stegomastodon arlzonae............... 122 Order Perlssodactyla.......... .. 124 Equidae ............... .. ........... 124 Nannlppus phlegon ................... 126 Equus (Pleslppus) of. shoshonensls. 129 Equus (Equus) sp.............. 133 Equus (Aslnus) sp. ................. 136 Order Artiodactyla ..................... • 141 Tayas suidae ....................... .. 141 Platygonus texanus. ................. 141 Camelidae ................. .. 144 Camelops sp.......................... 144 Tanupolama sp. ........... 144 Cervidae............ .. 14? of. Odocollus sp................. 14? Antilocapridae....................... 148 Texoceros sp..................... .. 148 Capromeryx gidleyi. .......... 148 DISCUSSION 154 Paleoecology of the Benson and Curtis Ranch Faunas......................................... 154 Age of the Benson F a u n a ........ .. 163 Age of the Curtis Ranch F a u n a .......... .. 164 SUMMARY AND CONCLUSIONS.......... I65 APPENDIX A MEASURED SECTIONS....................... 1?3 APPENDIX B SELECTED TAXA FOR CHAPTER ON AGE .... 181 REFERENCES......................... 186 LIST OP ILLUSTRATIONS Page Figures 1 Map of collecting sites, from Benson and St. David 15 minute quadrangles, Cochise County, Arizona. .......... ..... 9 2 Map of localities on Mendlvll Ranch, sec. 8, T. 17S, R. 20E .......... 10 3 Map of localities on Post Ranch, secs. 21, 22, 27 * T.17S, R.20E . ........... 11 4 Columnar Sections as measured on Fig. 1. 12 • 5 Composite section of Mendlvll Ranch and Post Ranch localities............ 13 6 Faunal Distribution in the St. David Formation. ........ ........ 155 7 Soricidae, Sciuridae, Heteromyidae, Castoridae ................ 168 8 Cricetldae.............. I69 9 Cricetldae, Canidae. • • ............. 170 10 Equidae......................... 171 11 Tayasuidae, Antilocapridae ........ 172 vii LIST OF TABLES Page 1 Testudinidae carapace measurements • . • • 24 2 Testudlnidae scute measurements.......... 24 3 Testudinidae bony plate measurements . • « 25 4 Notiosorex crawfordi . , ............. .. 28 5 Citellus bensoni .......... ....... 37 6 Citellus cochisei........ .......... 40 7 Citellus sp. ........................... 42 8 Geomys (Nertero%eomys) minor ....... 46 9 Geomys (Nerteroceomys) perslmilus. .... 50 10 Measurements of Cratogeomys bensoni. 5^ 11 Perognathus rexroadensls ......... 58 12 Dipodomys
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