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Broadcast Actions 1/15/2020
Federal Communications Commission 445 Twelfth Street SW PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media information 202 / 418-0500 Recorded listing of releases and texts 202 / 418-2222 REPORT NO. 49654 Broadcast Actions 1/15/2020 STATE FILE NUMBER E/P CALL LETTERS APPLICANT AND LOCATION N A T U R E O F A P P L I C A T I O N Actions of: 01/10/2020 DIGITAL TV APPLICATIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE GRANTED TX BALCDT-20191216AAI KPEJ-TV 12524 MARSHALL BROADCASTING Involuntary Assignment of License, as amended GROUP, INC., AS From: MARSHALL BROADCASTING GROUP, INC. E CHAN-23 DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION To: MARSHALL BROADCASTING GROUP, INC., AS DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION TX , ODESSA Form 316 LA BALCDT-20191216AAJ KMSS-TV MARSHALL BROADCASTING Involuntary Assignment of License, as amended 12525 GROUP, INC., AS From: MARSHALL BROADCASTING GROUP, INC. E DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION To: MARSHALL BROADCASTING GROUP, INC., AS CHAN-34 DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION LA , SHREVEPORT Form 316 IA BALCDT-20191216AAK KLJB 54011 MARSHALL BROADCASTING Involuntary Assignment of License, as amended GROUP, INC., AS From: MARSHALL BROADCASTING GROUP, INC. E CHAN-49 DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION To: MARSHALL BROADCASTING GROUP, INC., AS DEBTOR-IN-POSSESSION IA , DAVENPORT Form 316 Page 1 of 6 Federal Communications Commission 445 Twelfth Street SW PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media information 202 / 418-0500 Recorded listing of releases and texts 202 / 418-2222 REPORT NO. 49654 Broadcast Actions 1/15/2020 STATE FILE NUMBER E/P CALL LETTERS APPLICANT AND LOCATION N A T U R E O F A P P L I C A T I O N Actions of: 01/13/2020 AM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE GRANTED NE BAL-20191106AAH KUVR 27178 LEGACY COMMUNICATIONS, LLC Voluntary Assignment of License, as amended From: LEGACY COMMUNICATIONS, LLC E 1380 KHZ NE , HOLDREGE To: NEBRASKA RURAL RADIO ASSOCIATION Form 314 Granted with conditions. -
Who Pays Soundexchange: Q1 - Q3 2017
Payments received through 09/30/2017 Who Pays SoundExchange: Q1 - Q3 2017 Entity Name License Type ACTIVAIRE.COM BES AMBIANCERADIO.COM BES AURA MULTIMEDIA CORPORATION BES CLOUDCOVERMUSIC.COM BES COROHEALTH.COM BES CUSTOMCHANNELS.NET (BES) BES DMX MUSIC BES ELEVATEDMUSICSERVICES.COM BES GRAYV.COM BES INSTOREAUDIONETWORK.COM BES IT'S NEVER 2 LATE BES JUKEBOXY BES MANAGEDMEDIA.COM BES MEDIATRENDS.BIZ BES MIXHITS.COM BES MTI Digital Inc - MTIDIGITAL.BIZ BES MUSIC CHOICE BES MUSIC MAESTRO BES MUZAK.COM BES PRIVATE LABEL RADIO BES RFC MEDIA - BES BES RISE RADIO BES ROCKBOT, INC. BES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC BES SOUND-MACHINE.COM BES STARTLE INTERNATIONAL INC. BES Stingray Business BES Stingray Music USA BES STORESTREAMS.COM BES STUDIOSTREAM.COM BES TARGET MEDIA CENTRAL INC BES Thales InFlyt Experience BES UMIXMEDIA.COM BES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC CABSAT Stingray Music USA CABSAT MUSIC CHOICE PES MUZAK.COM PES SIRIUS XM RADIO, INC SDARS 181.FM Webcasting 3ABNRADIO (Christian Music) Webcasting 3ABNRADIO (Religious) Webcasting 8TRACKS.COM Webcasting 903 NETWORK RADIO Webcasting A-1 COMMUNICATIONS Webcasting ABERCROMBIE.COM Webcasting ABUNDANT RADIO Webcasting ACAVILLE.COM Webcasting *SoundExchange accepts and distributes payments without confirming eligibility or compliance under Sections 112 or 114 of the Copyright Act, and it does not waive the rights of artists or copyright owners that receive such payments. Payments received through 09/30/2017 ACCURADIO.COM Webcasting ACRN.COM Webcasting AD ASTRA RADIO Webcasting ADAMS RADIO GROUP Webcasting ADDICTEDTORADIO.COM Webcasting ADORATION Webcasting AGM BAKERSFIELD Webcasting AGM CALIFORNIA - SAN LUIS OBISPO Webcasting AGM NEVADA, LLC Webcasting AGM SANTA MARIA, L.P. -
Plan Ahead Nevada Brought to You by the State of Nevada, Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management
TABLE OF CONTENTS OVERVIEW AND PREPAREDNESS LISTS INTRODUCTION LETTER PG. 3 STEP BY STEP PREPAREDNESS LIST PG. 4 FAMILY PREPAREDNESS PG. 6 At WORK PREPAREDNESS PG. 8 EVACUATION & SHELTER TIPS PG. 10 EMERGENCY COMMUNICATIONS PG. 11 BASIC EMERGENCY SUPPLY KIT PG. 12 TYPES OF DISASTER TO PREPARE FOR WILDLAND FIRE PG. 13 EARTHQUAKE PG. 14 FLOOD PG. 15 EXTREME WEATHER PG. 16 FLU PANDAMIC PG. 17 TERRORISM PG. 18 HAZARD MITIGATION WHAT IS HAZARD MITIGATION? PG. 19 MITIGATION FOR WILDFIRE PG. 20 MITIGATION FOR EARTHQUAKE PG. 20 MITIGATION FOR FLOODS PG. 21 YOUR COMMUNITY, YOUR PREPAREDNESS YOUR EVACUATION PLAN PG. 22 YOUR EMERGENCY CONTACTS PG. 23 MEDIA COMMUNICATIONS PG 24 YOUR COUNTY EVACUATION PLAN PG. 26 Plan Ahead Nevada Brought to you by The State of Nevada, Department of Public Safety, Division of Emergency Management. Content provided in part by FEMA. Funding Granted By U.S. Department of Homeland Security 2 STAT E DIVISION OF EM E RG E NCY MANAG E M E NT A MESSAGE FROM THE CHIEF “Proudly serving the citizens of the State of Nevada, in emergency NEVADA preparedness response and recovery.” EMERGENCY MITIGATION GUIDE FRANK SIRACU S A , CHIE F This brochure, funded through the U.S. Department of Homeland Security, is the result of statewide participation from public safety officials and first responders in addressing “Preparedness Response and Recovery” emergency mitigation. It is developed to provide helpful tips and techniques in prepar- ing your family, friends and pets for emergency conditions. Hazard Mitigation is the cornerstone of the Four Phase of Emergency Management. The term “Hazard Mitigation” describes actions that can help reduce or eliminate long-term risks caused by natural hazards, or disasters, such as wildfires, earthquakes, thunderstorms, floods and tornadoes . -
KHYY, KMOR, KNEB-AM, KNEB-FM, KOLT, KOZY-FM EEO PUBLIC FILE REPORT February 1, 2020 - January 31, 2021
Page: 1/5 KHYY, KMOR, KNEB-AM, KNEB-FM, KOLT, KOZY-FM EEO PUBLIC FILE REPORT February 1, 2020 - January 31, 2021 I. VACANCY LIST See Section II, the "Master Recruitment Source List" ("MRSL") for recruitment source data Recruitment Sources ("RS") RS Referring Job Title Used to Fill Vacancy Hiree Traffic Director 1-15 4 Page: 2/5 KHYY, KMOR, KNEB-AM, KNEB-FM, KOLT, KOZY-FM EEO PUBLIC FILE REPORT February 1, 2020 - January 31, 2021 II. MASTER RECRUITMENT SOURCE LIST ("MRSL") Source Entitled No. of Interviewees RS to Vacancy Referred by RS RS Information Number Notification? Over (Yes/No) Reporting Period All Access Group 20600 Stevens Creek Blvd Suite 264 Cupertino, California 95014 1 Phone : 408-257-6155 N 0 Url : http://www.allaccessgroup.com Email : [email protected] Joel Denver American Broadcasting School 4511 SE 29th Street Oklahoma City, Oklahoma 73115 2 Phone : 405-672-6511 Y 0 Url : radioschool.com Email : [email protected] Michelle McConnell 3 Employee Referral N 1 4 Facebook post N 6 KAWL/KTMX Radio 1309 Road 11 York, Nebraska 68467 5 Phone : 402-362-4433 N 0 Url : www.1049maxcountry.com Email : [email protected] Gene Curtis KNEB AM/FM Radio PO Box 960 Scottsbluff, Nebraska 69363 6 Phone : 308-632-7121 N 0 Url : http://www.kneb.com Email : [email protected] Bill Boyer KRVN AM/FM Radio PO Box 880 Lexington, Nebraska 68850 7 Phone : 308-324-2371 N 0 Url : http://www.krvn.com Email : [email protected] Tim Marshall Page: 3/5 KHYY, KMOR, KNEB-AM, KNEB-FM, KOLT, KOZY-FM EEO PUBLIC FILE REPORT February 1, 2020 - January 31, 2021 II. -
MMR 24-7 Song Airplay Detail 5/27/14, 11:45 AM
MMR 24-7 Song Airplay Detail 5/27/14, 11:45 AM 7 Day NICO & VINZ Please set all print margins to 0.50 Song Analysis Am I Wrong Warner Bros. Mediabase - All Stations (U.S.) - by Format LW: May 13 - May 19 TW: May 20 - May 26 Updated: Tue May 27 3:17 AM PST N Sng Rnk Spins Station (Click Graphic for Mkt e @Station Market Format Trade TW lw +/- -1 -2 -3 -4 -5 -6 -7to Airplay Trends) Rank w (currents) Date KDWB-FM * 1 16 Minneapolis Top 40 Mediabase 114 70 44 19 15 13 16 17 16 18 453 WZEE-FM * 5 99 Madison, WI Top 40 Mediabase 80 36 44 13 9 11 13 10 13 11 264 WXXL-FM * 3 33 Orlando Top 40 Mediabase 78 73 5 12 8 9 12 12 13 12 326 WKCI-FM * 5 121 New Haven, CT Top 40 Mediabase 77 40 37 14 8 8 12 13 15 7 292 WFBC-FM * 8 59 Greenville, SC Top 40 Mediabase 73 69 4 10 10 11 10 11 10 11 367 WNOU-FM * 10 40 Indianapolis Top 40 Mediabase 73 63 10 9 10 9 11 12 10 12 319 WVHT-FM * 9 43 Norfolk Top 40 Mediabase 71 34 37 10 9 9 10 11 11 11 199 WKXJ-FM * 6 107 Chattanooga Top 40 Mediabase 69 40 29 13 6 6 14 12 12 6 210 KMVQ-FM * 6 4 San Francisco Top 40 Mediabase 67 68 -1 10 8 7 11 11 10 10 384 KFRH-FM * 11 32 Las Vegas Top 40 Mediabase 67 65 2 9 8 10 9 10 11 10 420 WXZO-FM * 13 143 Burlington, VT Top 40 Mediabase 66 44 22 11 7 8 10 11 11 8 228 KBFF-FM * 5 23 Portland, OR Top 40 Mediabase 65 72 -7 7 8 7 10 12 10 11 327 KREV-FM 9 4 San Francisco Top 40 Mediabase 65 60 5 9 9 12 9 9 9 8 192 WDJX-FM * 5 54 Louisville Top 40 Mediabase 64 61 3 10 9 10 10 8 9 8 318 WKSC-FM * 10 3 Chicago Top 40 Mediabase 63 38 25 10 7 9 9 10 9 9 200 WJHM-FM * 10 33 Orlando Top -
The Magazine for TV and FM Dxers
VHF-UHF DIGEST The Official Publication of the Worldwide TV-FM DX Association OCTOBER 2009 The Magazine for TV and FM DXers Courtesy of Fred Vobbe Convention 2009 is History Convention 2010 Returns to Rochester NY August 27, 28 and 29 Visit Us At www.wtfda.org THE WORLDWIDE TV-FM DX ASSOCIATION Serving the UHF-VHF Enthusiast THE VHF-UHF DIGEST IS THE OFFICIAL PUBLICATION OF THE WORLDWIDE TV-FM DX ASSOCIATION DEDICATED TO THE OBSERVATION AND STUDY OF THE PROPAGATION OF LONG DISTANCE TELEVISION AND FM BROADCASTING SIGNALS AT VHF AND UHF. WTFDA IS GOVERNED BY A BOARD OF DIRECTORS: DOUG SMITH, GREG CONIGLIO, BRUCE HALL, KEITH McGINNIS AND MIKE BUGAJ. Editor and publisher: Mike Bugaj Treasurer: Keith McGinnis wtfda.org Webmaster: Tim McVey wtfda.info Site Administrator: Chris Cervantez Editorial Staff: Jeff Kruszka, Keith McGinnis, Fred Nordquist, Nick Langan, Doug Smith, Peter Baskind, Bill Hale and John Zondlo, Our website: www.wtfda.org; Our forums: www.wtfda.info OCTOBER 2009 _______________________________________________________________________________________ CONTENTS Page Two 2 Mailbox 3 Finally! For those of you online with an email TV News…Doug Smith 5 address, we now offer a quick, convenient and FM News…Bill Hale 15 secure way to join or renew your membership Photo News…Jeff Kruszka 27 in the WTFDA from our page at: Eastern TV DX…Nick Langan 29 http://www.wtfda.org/join.html Western TV DX…Nick Langan 31 You can now renew either paper VUD 6 Meters…Peter Baskind 35 membership or your online eVUD membership To Count or Not to Count? 38 at one convenient stop. -
Airing on the Side of Agriculture Is Included in the Blog Section of NAFB.Com
, Volume 8, Number 8, August 5, 2020 by Larry A. Quinn BACHMEIER IS BROADCASTER, AUCTIONEER, AND RANCHER – Scott Bachmeier (KFYR/KBMR, Rhame, North Dakota) grew up on a farm/ranch in south central North Dakota near the small town of Raleigh. His family operation consisted of dairy, ranching, small grains, and forage. After high- school graduation, Bachmeier continued his education in Minot and found a part-time job at KCJB- AM radio, helping with every aspect of radio he could learn. Bachmeier moved to the Bowman, North Dakota, area where he took a job as an afternoon radio announcer at KPOK-AM radio. He also worked part-time helping area farmers and ranchers when not on- the-air or announcing local sporting events. On weekends, he went home to help his folks with the family chores. While in Bowman, he met his wife, Dixie, the daughter of one of the local ranchers in the Badlands of North Dakota. They were married in 2002, and Dixie finished her doctorate in chiropractic in 2005. Bachmeier got an opportunity to work at KFYR-AM (Bismarck North Dakota), the legendary 550 AM that his dad would listen to for everything from weather to farm markets. Since he loves the outdoors, Bachmeier started an outdoor radio program, Dakota Prairie Outdoors, that focused on how hunting, farming, and ranching work well together. This show was picked up by other stations across North and South Dakota. Bachmeier then started a local afternoon talk show focused on issues facing the region while continuing to grow his outdoor radio show. -
Nevada Public Radio's Announcer Position Blends Excellence In
July 2020 Part-Time Announcer – Las Vegas Position Description Summary Nevada Public Radio’s Announcer position blends excellence in production, announcing and journalism skills. The Announcer serves as KNPR’s local voice during the broadcast of national programing from NPR, APM and PRI. The Announcer provides continuity by incorporating local elements (underwriting, news, promotion, weather, features) and may also record local continuity for Nevada Public Radio’s classical service, KCNV, incorporating the same local elements as with KNPR. This position reports to the Director of Programming. Duties and Essential Job Functions ▪ Serves as on-air host as scheduled by the Director of Programming. ▪ Operates broadcast equipment to air prerecorded and live programming, airing Emergency Alert System tests as required. ▪ Monitors the KCNV on-air signal as needed ▪ Prepares and reads news items, forward promotion, weather information, and underwriting announcements. ▪ Prepares recorded breaks using standard broadcast digital recording/editing equipment. ▪ Produces recorded promotions for special events/programming as assigned. ▪ Prepares fundraising materials such as testimonials and dining promotions as assigned. ▪ Participates in on-air fundraising as assigned on KNPR, KCNV, and KVNV. ▪ Other duties as assigned by the Director of Programming to facilitate operations of KNPR and KCNV, KVNV – fill-in work on other on-air shifts, production, administration, studio bookings, etc. ▪ Appear “in person” at NVPR sponsored events as needed. ▪ Meets on-air performance goals set by the Director of Programming to result in improvement in the sound of continuity announcing and the presentation of news and promotional material to the audience. Knowledge, Skills and Abilities ▪ Seasoned and engaging on-air presence. -
Broadcast Actions 9/29/2005
Federal Communications Commission 445 Twelfth Street SW PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media information 202 / 418-0500 Recorded listing of releases and texts 202 / 418-2222 REPORT NO. 46080 Broadcast Actions 9/29/2005 STATE FILE NUMBER E/P CALL LETTERS APPLICANT AND LOCATION N A T U R E O F A P P L I C A T I O N Actions of: 09/22/2005 AM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ASSIGNMENT OF LICENSE GRANTED TX BAL-20050802ACP KIXL 35011 KIXL BROADCASTING Voluntary Assignment of License CORPORATION From: KIXL BROADCASTING CORPORATION E 970 KHZ To: STARBOARD MEDIA FOUNDATION, INC. TX , DEL VALLE Form 314 Actions of: 09/26/2005 AM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT DISMISSED NY BNP-20020501AAR NEW 136905 PALMETTO RADIO GROUP, INC. CP New Stn. Engineering Amendment filed 11/09/2004 E 650 KHZ NY , MOOERS FM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT DISMISSED TN BPED-19960710MA 960710MA AMERICAN FAMILY CP FOR NEW ED FM STATION 82544 ASSOCIATION P REINSTATED TO PENDING STATUS 90.7 MHZ TN , LAKE CITY SUPPLEMENT FILED 7/19/2001. Dismissed 9/26/2005. No letter sent. See DA 05-2025 dated 7/29/2005. Page 1 of 102 Federal Communications Commission 445 Twelfth Street SW PUBLIC NOTICE Washington, D.C. 20554 News media information 202 / 418-0500 Recorded listing of releases and texts 202 / 418-2222 REPORT NO. 46080 Broadcast Actions 9/29/2005 STATE FILE NUMBER E/P CALL LETTERS APPLICANT AND LOCATION N A T U R E O F A P P L I C A T I O N Actions of: 09/26/2005 FM STATION APPLICATIONS FOR ORIGINAL CONSTRUCTION PERMIT DISMISSED IL BPED-19980127MB 980127MB CHRISTIAN EDUCATIONAL CP FOR NEW NCE STATION 89851 ASSOCIATION P SUPPLEMENT FILED 7/5/2001. -
Stations Monitored
Stations Monitored 10/01/2019 Format Call Letters Market Station Name Adult Contemporary WHBC-FM AKRON, OH MIX 94.1 Adult Contemporary WKDD-FM AKRON, OH 98.1 WKDD Adult Contemporary WRVE-FM ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY 99.5 THE RIVER Adult Contemporary WYJB-FM ALBANY-SCHENECTADY-TROY, NY B95.5 Adult Contemporary KDRF-FM ALBUQUERQUE, NM 103.3 eD FM Adult Contemporary KMGA-FM ALBUQUERQUE, NM 99.5 MAGIC FM Adult Contemporary KPEK-FM ALBUQUERQUE, NM 100.3 THE PEAK Adult Contemporary WLEV-FM ALLENTOWN-BETHLEHEM, PA 100.7 WLEV Adult Contemporary KMVN-FM ANCHORAGE, AK MOViN 105.7 Adult Contemporary KMXS-FM ANCHORAGE, AK MIX 103.1 Adult Contemporary WOXL-FS ASHEVILLE, NC MIX 96.5 Adult Contemporary WSB-FM ATLANTA, GA B98.5 Adult Contemporary WSTR-FM ATLANTA, GA STAR 94.1 Adult Contemporary WFPG-FM ATLANTIC CITY-CAPE MAY, NJ LITE ROCK 96.9 Adult Contemporary WSJO-FM ATLANTIC CITY-CAPE MAY, NJ SOJO 104.9 Adult Contemporary KAMX-FM AUSTIN, TX MIX 94.7 Adult Contemporary KBPA-FM AUSTIN, TX 103.5 BOB FM Adult Contemporary KKMJ-FM AUSTIN, TX MAJIC 95.5 Adult Contemporary WLIF-FM BALTIMORE, MD TODAY'S 101.9 Adult Contemporary WQSR-FM BALTIMORE, MD 102.7 JACK FM Adult Contemporary WWMX-FM BALTIMORE, MD MIX 106.5 Adult Contemporary KRVE-FM BATON ROUGE, LA 96.1 THE RIVER Adult Contemporary WMJY-FS BILOXI-GULFPORT-PASCAGOULA, MS MAGIC 93.7 Adult Contemporary WMJJ-FM BIRMINGHAM, AL MAGIC 96 Adult Contemporary KCIX-FM BOISE, ID MIX 106 Adult Contemporary KXLT-FM BOISE, ID LITE 107.9 Adult Contemporary WMJX-FM BOSTON, MA MAGIC 106.7 Adult Contemporary WWBX-FM -
Announcer Summary Nevada Public Radio’S Announcer Position Requires Excellence in Production, Announcing, and Journalism Skills
Announcer Summary Nevada Public Radio’s announcer position requires excellence in production, announcing, and journalism skills. The announcer serves as KNPR’s local voice during the broadcast of national programing, providing continuity by incorporating local elements (underwriting, news, promotion, weather, features) and may also record local continuity for NVPR’s classical service, KCNV, incorporating the same local elements as with KNPR. This position reports to the Program Director. Duties and Essential Job Functions • Serves as on-air host as scheduled by the Operations Manager/Program Director • Operates broadcast equipment to air prerecorded and live programming, airing Emergency Alert System tests as required • Monitors the KCNV on-air signal as needed • Prepares and reads news items, forward promotion, weather information, and underwriting announcements • Prepares recorded breaks using standard broadcast digital recording/editing equipment • Produces recorded promotions for special events/programming as assigned • Prepares fundraising materials such as testimonials and dining promotions as assigned • Participates in on-air fundraising as assigned on KNPR and KCNV • Other duties as assigned to facilitate operations of KNPR and KCNV – fill-in work on other on-air shifts, production, administration, studio bookings, etc. • Appears “in person” at NVPR sponsored events as needed • Assists as needed with remote broadcasts and in-studio performances and interviews • Communicates effectively and efficiently with Programming and News -
College Radio Curricula: Las Vegas General Manager Views
UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations 1-1-2000 College radio curricula: Las Vegas general manager views Brad Leonard Weiss University of Nevada, Las Vegas Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalscholarship.unlv.edu/rtds Repository Citation Weiss, Brad Leonard, "College radio curricula: Las Vegas general manager views" (2000). UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations. 1137. http://dx.doi.org/10.25669/bzlk-mirl This Thesis is protected by copyright and/or related rights. It has been brought to you by Digital Scholarship@UNLV with permission from the rights-holder(s). You are free to use this Thesis in any way that is permitted by the copyright and related rights legislation that applies to your use. For other uses you need to obtain permission from the rights-holder(s) directly, unless additional rights are indicated by a Creative Commons license in the record and/ or on the work itself. This Thesis has been accepted for inclusion in UNLV Retrospective Theses & Dissertations by an authorized administrator of Digital Scholarship@UNLV. For more information, please contact [email protected]. INFORMATION TO USERS This manuscript has been reproduced from the microfilm master. UMI films the text directly from the original or copy submitted. Thus, some thesis and dissertation copies are in typewriter fiace, while others may be from any type of computer printer. The quality of this reproduction is dependent upon the quality of the copy submitted. Broken or indistinct print, colored or poor quality illustrations and photographs, print bleedthrough, substandard margins, and improper alignment can adversely affect reproduction. In the unlikely event that the author did not send UMI a complete manuscript and there are missing pages, these will be noted.