Signposts to Expulsion
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Church Unification and National Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid Namibia
Heirs Together: Church Unification and National Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid Namibia The Harvard community has made this article openly available. Please share how this access benefits you. Your story matters Citation Cook, Lorima. 2019. Heirs Together: Church Unification and National Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid Namibia. Master's thesis, Harvard Extension School. Citable link http://nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:42004232 Terms of Use This article was downloaded from Harvard University’s DASH repository, and is made available under the terms and conditions applicable to Other Posted Material, as set forth at http:// nrs.harvard.edu/urn-3:HUL.InstRepos:dash.current.terms-of- use#LAA Heirs Together: Church Unification and National Reconciliation in Post-Apartheid Namibia Lorima Cook A Thesis in the Field of International Relations for the Degree of Master of Liberal Arts in Extension Studies Harvard University May 2019 © 2019 Lorima Cook Abstract The transformation of Christianity in Namibia, from a colonial power to a liberating force, saw the church play a significant role in the fight for independence. As a result of this historical presence, it was expected that the church would take a proactive role in the reconciliation of the Namibian people in the new independent country. However, efforts toward church-led reconciliation were quickly quashed by a weakening of ecumenical bonds concerning social and political issues. Ecumenism was essential for church-led reconciliation. Acknowledgements My deepest thanks to those whose -
The Church in Namibia: Political Handmaiden Or a Force for Justice and Unity? Christo Botha*
Journal of Namibian Studies, 20 (2016): 7 – 36 ISSN: 2197-5523 (online) The church in Namibia: political handmaiden or a force for justice and unity? Christo Botha* Abstract The role of churches in Namibia had investigated by researchers who aimed to docu- ment the history of various churches, as well as those who highlighted the role of black churches in particular, as mouthpieces for the disenfranchised majority in the struggle against apartheid. This article aims to shed light on a matter that had received relatively little attention, namely the church as an instrument of social justice and peace. An assessment of the role of various churches reveal to what extent these institutions were handicapped by ethnocentric concerns, which militated against the promotion of ecumenical cooperation. Except for a brief period in the 1970s and 1980s when the Council of Churches in Namibia served as an instrument for inter- church cooperation and promotion of social justice projects, little had arguably been achieved in establishing workable, enduring ecumenical ties. An attempt will be made to account for this state of affairs. Introduction Much is often made of the fact that Namibia is a largely Christian country, with about 90% of the population belonging to various Christian denominations. However, what strikes one when looking at the history of Christianity in the country and the role of the church, is the absence of evidence to support any claims that religion was a potent force for promoting the cause of human rights and mutual understanding and for eliminating ethnic divisions. In assessing the role of religion and the church in Namibian society, this article is concerned with three issues. -
Swapo and the Churches: an International Scandal
SWAPO AND THE CHURCHES: AN INTERNATIONAL SCANDAL Paul Trewhela 'Swapo has the right to protect her people from those who are collaborating with the enemy...Yours in Jesus Christ.' — Dr Abisai Shejavali, General Secretary of the Council of Churches in Namibia. The illegal occupation of Namibia has been facilitated by Namibians who have collaborated with South Africa and have been traitors to the cause of a free Namibia. Yet SWAPO is willing to accommodate these people in a free Namibia and forgive their misguided behaviour.' — Report of the World Council of Churches, May 1988. 'So it goes' — Kurt Vonnegut, Slaughterhouse-Five. The Problems of the Text On 14 November 1989, Pluto Press published Church and Liberation in Namibia (CALIN), edited by Peter Katjavivi, Per Frostin and Kaire Mbuende. The book contains a number of documents on the relation between the churches and political conditions in Namibia, from 1958 to 1988, with individual essays by each of the editors and three others. David Theo Goldberg, assistant professor at the School of Justice Studies at Arizona State University, has described the book as 'crucial for anyone wanting to com prehend the role of the church in the promotion and realization of Namibian independence'. (Southern African Review of Books, Jan/Febl991) Goldberg's review is characteristic of the ignorance combined with tunnel vision of the international liberal/left establishment relating to southern Africa. The book in fact makes it impossible to comprehend the role of the churches in one of the most important episodes in the recent history of southern Africa: the cycle of wholesale arrests, torture, imprisonment and murder of Swapo members on the orders of their own leaders, dating from at least 1976 until the release of survivors in May 1989. -
Part 1: Deborah Harmon Hines Myrtle Gordon a Prison Experience Ben
•IViMMH Mi ^— ML publication. WOMCN'and S reuse for required AGCNDA Part 1: Permission Deborah Harmon Hines Myrtle Gordon DFMS. / Church A Prison Experience Ben Chavis Episcopal the of Archives 2020. Copyright "'The Witness" by Valerie Maynard VOL. 65 NO. 2 FEBRUARY, 1982 sexism in three inter-related ways: The most important result is the 1) Perpetuating sexual divisions in marginalization of women in the UJUXXJBIXU3 the labor force in order to reduce the economy which creates a constantly price of all labor and maximize profits. available reserve supply of cheap labor. 2) Promoting a consumerist ideology Finally, women are the keepers and ljJSTTJSJid aimed most specifically at women who teachers of many, if not most, cultures. are encouraged to participate in the The perpetuation of distinct, diverse economy by purchasing products cultures is anathema to those who seek "guaranteed" to make them (and their LETTERS to sell Nabisco wafers to the indigenous families) feel more happy, secure, free people of Latin America and deodorants or esteemed. to the people of Malasia. In order to 3) Creating an ersatz culture of global survive, corporate capitalism must capitalism, which displaces women as penetrate national boundaries, ancient teachers and keepers of distinct religions and an immense variety of indigenous cultures. publication. ethnic cultures. As the Nestle's infant Most simply stated, sexism in the work formula campaign demonstrates, and Supportive of Labor force means that women's labor is corporations find it necessary to appeal cheaper to buy than men's. An all- I recently got a layoff notice as Colgate to women to sell products which reuse female production line in the U.S. -
OPPOSITIOO to Apmlheid Ii~ Ftnmibia: Tile F{)Le of Educatictl RELIGIOI~., ~'Ill Tile Cof'itra.CT LAOOR SYS1H1
111 OPPOSITIOO TO APMlHEID Ii~ ftnMIBIA: TilE f{)lE OF EDUCATICtL RELIGIOI~., ~'ill TilE COf'ITRA.CT LAOOR SYS1H1 by Olristopher A. leu Introduction The developirei'lt of fonnal educational systems by the oolonial powers has generally played a rrost significant role in African progress throughout the oontinent. As Janes 0' Con nell puts it It helped leaders to a v~s~on of freedom, provided the skills that enabled colonial ad ministrators to be replaced and animated the agricultural extension work that lay behind the more scientific harvesting of cash crops . Education at one and the same time enhanced human dignity through increasing knowledge, and advanced economic production through developing manpower skills.l In Nand.bia (fonrerly known as South-West Africa), education has been viewed as having a liberating effect, heM ever, it has oonspicuously failed to have any positive irrpact. As a oolony, Namibia's educational system reflects the apartheid philosophy and policy of the occupying power, the Republic of South Africa. Acoording to this theory, the nonwhite Namibian population is to be divided into twelve mutually incorcpatible "nations." 'lhus, education for whites and nonwhites is separ ately administered, and students are physically separated by race and,in the case of nonwhites, further separated by "nations." Depending on "nationality," there are inter alia differences in laws, curriCula, teacher training and salary-scales, teach er/pupil ratios, arrounts spent per pupil on education, attend ance rates, and arrong administering authorities. Whites are in all cases treated differently from nonwhites. For the dominant white population group (100,000) the education of the territory' s African population (900,000) has always been regarded as either superflmus (in the light of the lowest role assigned to the African in the socio-economic system) or harmful, for whites fear a rise in political con- 112 sciousness anong educated Africans. -
1965-1988 Prof Peter Hitjitevi Katjavivi: 1941
Katjavivi, PH PA 1 THE KATJAVIVI COLLECTION: 1965-1988 PROF PETER HITJITEVI KATJAVIVI: 1941 - Historical Background Professor Peter Katjavivi was born on 12 May 1941 in Okahandja, Namibia. He travelled into exile in 1966 and was part of the Dar es Salaam exiles that helped transform SWAPO into an international force in the struggle for the liberation of Namibia. Until 1979 he was a fulltime SWAPO activist running the London office and holding the movement’s Information and Publicity post. From the 1980s, he pursued his academic career which saw him gaining a Master’s degree in 1980 from the University of Warwick, UK and a Doctor of Philosophy in1986 from St Anthony’s College, University of Oxford. In 1989, he was elected to the Constituent Assembly and served as National Assembly member until 1991. In 1992 he was named the first Vice-Chancellor of the University of Namibia, a post he held for eleven years. He was appointed as Professor in History by the UNAM Academic Council Staff Appointments Committee in 1994. He was given a diplomatic posting in 2003. Peter Katjavivi has also been very active as SWAPO’s documenter of the liberation struggle. His book, ‘A History of Resistance in Namibia’ (James Currey, 1988) is still widely referred to in academic works on recent Namibian history. Currently, he is the Director-General of the National Planning Commission. THE COLLECTION Summary The collection, covering the period 1965 to 1988 (but also holding some documents from as far back as 1915) consists mainly of SWAPO documents on activities in and outside Namibia during the time for the struggle for the liberation of Namibia (See summary of classes below). -
[Turn Over INSTRUCTIONS and INFORMATION to CANDIDATES Moe/DNEA Marks 130 JUNIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE EXAMINATION Subject Code
JUNIOR SECONDARY CERTIFICATE Marks 130 EXAMINATION Subject code: 1301 History Additional Materials: Answer Book 08:00 – 10:15 INSTRUCTIONS AND INFORMATION TO CANDIDATES • Write your answers in the separate answer book provided. • Write your Candidate Number and Name in the spaces on the answer book. • Write in dark blue or black pen. • Do not use correction fluid. • The number of marks is given in brackets [ ] at the end of each question or part question. This document consists of 12 printed pages. Republic of Namibia MINISTRY OF EDUCATION MoE/DNEA JSC 2013, History [Turn over 2 SECTION A • Answer all questions. • For each question there are four possible answers, A, B, C and D. • Choose the one that you consider correct and mark your choice in soft pencil on the separate answer sheet provided. • If you want to change an answer, erase the one you wish to change completely. Namibian History 1 When did Namibia gained its independence? A 21 March 1960 B 21 March 1970 C 21 March 1980 D 21 March 1990 [1] 2 Which one of the following Namibian leaders was the first to express the vision of an independent Namibia? A Andimba Toivo ya Toivo B Hidipo Hamutenya C Hosea Kutako D Jacob Marenga [1] 3 Which Anglican priest help Namibian people to send their petition to the UNO in 1946? A Adam Cock B Colin Winter C Heinrich Vedder D Michael Scott [1] 4 Contract workers were not allowed ….. A to bring their families with them B to build their own houses in the town C to live in compounds D to send money to their families. -
Internal Developments Under Administrator‐General Appointed
Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume XXIV, January, 1978 South West Africa, Namibia, Page 28789 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Internal Developments under Administrator‐General appointed by South Africa ‐ Deadlock in Five Western Powers' Negotiations on Constitutional Settlement ‐ Other Related Developments Mr Justice Marthinus Steyn, whom the South African Government had, on July 6, 1977, appointed as Administrator-General of South West Africa, took office in Windhoek (the territory's capital) on Sept. 1 with powers "to make laws by proclamation in the Official Gazette of the Territory of South West Africa, for that territory, and in any such law to repeal or amend any legal provision" applying to the territory or connected with its administration (as gazetted in South Africa on Aug. 19). Mr Vorster, the South African Prime Minister, had announced on Aug. 9 that Mr B. J. van der Walt, the Administrator of South West Africa, would vacate his post by Sept. 30, and the post of Mr Jannie de Wet as Commissioner-General for the Indigenous Peoples of South West Africa similarly came to an end during that month. On Sept. 28 it was officially announced in South Africa that the representation of the territory's White voters in the South African Parliament (by six members of the House of Assembly and four of the Senate) had ended–as already foreshadowed by Mr Vorster in his announcement of Sept. 20 concerning the holding of parliamentary and provincial elections in South Africa [see page 28665]. In accordance with decisions previously taken by the Turnhalle constitutional conference [see also page 28366 ] and agreed to by the South African Government, Mr Steyn proceeded to end racial discrimination and other restrictions in the territory while gradually taking over its administration. -
'A Lonely and Brave Voice from Namibia': Goldblatt and 'Bridge
Journal of Namibian Studies, 8 (2010): 79–90 ISSN: 1863-5954 ‘A lonely and brave voice from Namibia’: Goldblatt and ‘bridge-building’ Chris Saunders Review article on: Israel Goldblatt. Building Bridges. Namibian Nationalists Clemens Kapuuo, Hosea Kutako, Brendan Simbwaye, Samuel Witbooi, edited by Dag Henrichsen, Naomi Jacobson & Karen Marshall, Basel, Basler Afrika Bibliographien, 2010. This latest volume in the Basler Afrika Bibliographien’s “Lives, Legacies, Legends” series appears in the same rather unappealing format as the earlier ones, with the detailed footnotes and quotations in too small and faint a font, but it contains fascinating material and a large number of photographs of historical importance, many never published before. Dag Henrichsen of the Basler Afrika Bibliographien must be congratulated on seeing the potential in the notes of Israel Goldblatt found by his daughter in 2003 long after his death.1 Henrichsen then worked with Goldblatt’s two daughters to produce what is a most useful addition to our knowledge of recent Namibian history. Though Goldblatt’s notes are often frustratingly brief, Henrichsen has made as much of them as possible, and admirably sets them in the context of the times. The main focus of the volume is, as its title suggests, on the interactions that took place between Goldblatt and a number of black Namibians in the 1960s, and it is explicitly designed as a tribute to those who tried to build such “bridges” (see esp. p. 96). This article will, in reviewing the volume, both draw on additional information relevant to its contents and suggest how those contents relate to a broader theme in Namibian history. -
General Appointed by South Africa
Keesing's Record of World Events (formerly Keesing's Contemporary Archives), Volume XXIV, January, 1978 South West Africa, Namibia, Page 28789 © 1931-2006 Keesing's Worldwide, LLC - All Rights Reserved. Internal Developments under Administrator-General appointed by South Africa - Deadlock in Five Western Powers' Negotiations on Constitutional Settlement - Other Related Developments Mr Justice Marthinus Steyn, whom the South African Government had, on July 6, 1977, appointed as Administrator-General of South West Africa, took office in Windhoek (the territory's capital) on Sept. 1 with powers "to make laws by proclamation in the Official Gazette of the Territory of South West Africa, for that territory, and in any such law to repeal or amend any legal provision" applying to the territory or connected with its administration (as gazetted in South Africa on Aug. 19). Mr Vorster, the South African Prime Minister, had announced on Aug. 9 that Mr B. J. van der Walt, the Administrator of South West Africa, would vacate his post by Sept. 30, and the post of Mr Jannie de Wet as Commissioner-General for the Indigenous Peoples of South West Africa similarly came to an end during that month. On Sept. 28 it was officially announced in South Africa that the representation of the territory's White voters in the South African Parliament (by six members of the House of Assembly and four of the Senate) had ended–as already foreshadowed by Mr Vorster in his announcement of Sept. 20 concerning the holding of parliamentary and provincial elections in South Africa [see page 28665]. In accordance with decisions previously taken by the Turnhalle constitutional conference [see also page 28366 ] and agreed to by the South African Government, Mr Steyn proceeded to end racial discrimination and other restrictions in the territory while gradually taking over its administration. -
Spring 2018 • May 6, 2018 • 12 P.M
POMP, CIRCUMSTANCE, AND OTHER SONGS OF A LIFETIME POMP, CIRCUMSTANCE, (continued from inside front cover) AND OTHER SONGS OF A LIFETIME —by Professor David Citino, 1947–2005, Late University Poet Laureate I say, rather, the richness of us, were it not for the lullabyes and songs (Originally presented as the 2000 Winter Commencement address) of dear parents, their parents, theirs. of selves that balance this globe Some are here today in the flesh. and enable it to spin true. Grandson Many are not. We mourn them with cadences of peasant immigrants, I was given of our hearts. Think how many people If you’re like me, you’ve got a big head, the opportunity to earn a doctorate sang before us, gave us a name, a voice, not to mention a funny robe, full of music— to do your best. Tennessee Ernie Ford, in English literature from Ohio State— taught us the right words. We must poems and melodies, the tunes “Sixteen Tons”: St. Peter don’t you because my family labored long nights cherish them by remembering every song. we move to, shower and shave by, call me ‘Cause I can’t go. I owe around the kitchen table trying to learn When we sing to others, we honor study, write to. Not just the incidental, my soul to the company store. this arduous English. I sat where our fathers and mothers, thank them but the momentous music keeping time. You have been digging deep in mines you’re sitting twenty-six years ago. for this day of profound scarlet and gray Our histories are measures of song. -
ACOA Notes, No. 4
ACOA notes, No. 4 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.SFF.DOCUMENT.acoa000367 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org ACOA notes, No. 4 Alternative title ACOA notes Author/Creator American Committee on Africa (ACOA) Publisher American Committee on Africa (ACOA) Date 1971-11-10 Resource type Newsletters Language English Subject Coverage (spatial) South Africa, Namibia, United States Coverage (temporal) 1971 Source Africa Action Archive Rights By kind permission of Africa Action, incorporating the American Committee on Africa, The Africa Fund, and the Africa Policy Information Center. Description Namibia: ACOA Meets SWAPO UN Delegation, ACOA Presents Analysis to Ambassador Bush.