GEORGIA Georgia Ranks 23Rd Among the States in Number of Local
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GEORGIA cities and towns. The cities and towns operate primarily under charters granted by the general Georgia ranks 23rd among the states in assembly in the form of special laws for number of local governments, with 1,439 as of individual municipalities, although a 1965 law October 2007. grants home rule. There are no significant differences between the cities and towns with COUNTY GOVERNMENTS (154) regard to legal status and powers that would affect their classification for census purposes. Georgia counties operate under home rule. A 1963 law provides that a minimum The entire area of the state is encompassed by population of 200 is required for incorporation county governments except for the areas of as a municipality. Chattahoochee, Clarke, Muscogee, Quitman and Richmond counties. Muscogee County Township Governments (0) was consolidated with the City of Columbus in 1971 to form the Consolidated Government of Georgia has no township governments. Columbus. Similarly, in January 1991, Clarke County was consolidated with the City of PUBLIC SCHOOL SYSTEMS (180) Athens to form the Unified Government of Athens-Clarke County. In January 1996, School District Governments (180) Richmond County was consolidated with the City of Augusta to form the Augusta-Richmond The following types of school districts in Consolidated Government. In November Georgia are counted as separate governments 2003, Chattahoochee County was for census purposes: consolidated with the city of Cusseta to form the Cusseta-Chattahoochee Unified County boards of education Government. In November 2006, Quitman Independent (city) school districts County was consolidated with the city of Georgetown to form the Georgetown and The county board of education in each county Quitman County Unified Government. All of administers all local schools in the county these consolidated governments are counted except those operated by independent (city) as municipal governments, rather than as school districts. Members of all county boards county governments, in census reporting. of education are elected. The county boards of education determine the amount of money Effective July 1, 2007, for a one-year period, or to be raised by local school taxes and may as applicable to a given county, a county issue bonds. having no municipalities within its boundaries may elect to become a consolidated The independent (city) school districts in government. In such counties, no Georgia were established by special acts of municipalities may be created or extended into the legislature prior to the adoption of the 1945 the county.1 constitution, and the legal provisions under which they operate are therefore not uniform. Most Georgia counties are governed by a By provision of the 1983 constitution, new board of county commissioners, but in some independent school districts cannot be created. counties the governing authority is a sole Members of the boards of independent school county commissioner. districts are elected. These school districts operate independently of municipal SUBCOUNTY GENERAL PURPOSE governments and may determine their own GOVERNMENTS (535) budgetary needs. The board of education of independent school districts recommends the Municipal Governments (535)2 ad valorem tax levy. Municipal governments in Georgia are the Dependent Public School Systems (0) SPECIAL DISTRICT GOVERNMENTS (570)3,4,5,6,7,8,9,10 Georgia has no dependent public school systems. Georgia statutes authorize the creation of a variety of special districts or authorities that are Other Educational Activities counted as governments. These are discussed in detail below. Several building authorities created for the purpose of providing buildings, facilities, and Airport Authorities services for individual school districts, have been created by special acts. These A number of airport authorities have been authorities are authorized to issue debt for authorized by special acts but with similar such purposes with debt service provided provisions for administration and operation. under contractual arrangements such as The authorities are governed by boards lease/purchase agreements with the school appointed by officials of the establishing districts. They are counted as dependent governments and, in a few cases, also have activities of the respective school districts. one or more local officials serving ex officio. Officers of the authorities are appointed, These authorities may issue revenue bonds usually by the school district board of and impose charges for their facilities and education, and may include school district and services. board of education officials serving ex officio. Airport authorities lacking autonomy are not The regional educational service agencies counted as separate governments. See provide supplementary services to school "Subordinate Agencies and Areas," below. districts and are financed by state funds and by contributions from participating school districts. Americus Theater and Cultural Center For census purposes, they are classified as Authority joint educational service agencies of the school districts they serve. They are not counted as This authority was created by special act to separate governments. As of October 2007, develop and promote cultural and educational 16 regional educational service agencies were projects. It is governed by a nine-member reported in operation. board consisting of eight members appointed by the city council, plus the mayor serving ex Any city, county, county school system, officio. The authority may fix and collect fees independent school system, or other political and issue revenue bonds. subdivision of the state possessing a power to tax may separately or jointly establish, Augusta-Richmond County Coliseum maintain, and operate junior colleges. The Authority creating government establishes a mill tax to help fund the junior college. No junior colleges This authority was created by a 1973 special currently operate under this provision. act to build and maintain a multiple-use coliseum in the Augusta area. A board of 12 Gwinnett Technical College, previously known members appointed by the Augusta-Richmond as Gwinnett Technical Institute, is governed by County commission governs the authority. The the board of education of Gwinnett County but authority may fix user charges, receive conforms to state standards applicable to proceeds from hotel-motel taxes and beer technical colleges. Other technical colleges in excise taxes, and issue revenue bonds. Georgia are operated by the state government. Cobb-Marietta Coliseum and Exhibit Hall member counties (based on population) from Authority nominations by the counties’ boards of health; county and municipal officials from jurisdictions This authority was created by a 1980 special contributing a minimum amount to the budget act. The seven-member board includes both of the board; and one citizen meeting specified appointed and ex officio county representatives requirements appointed by each county. The and the mayors of the cities of Marietta and boards may fix and collect fees. These boards Smyrna. The authority may fix and collect fees may be referred to as community service and issue bonds. The county may choose to boards. support bond issues with county-levied taxes, but is not obligated to provide such financial Community mental health, developmental support. disabilities, and addictive diseases service boards governed by county boards of health Community Improvement Districts are not counted as separate governments. See “Subordinate Agencies and Areas” below. These districts may be created by the Georgia legislature through the enactment of local Conyers-Rockdale-Big Haynes legislation, subject to approval of owners of Impoundment Authority taxable real property within the district. They may provide such services as streets, parks, This authority was created by a special act to sewerage, water, ports, public transportation, provide for flood control and water parking, and other services as specified in the conservation in Rockdale County. The local legislation. They are governed by boards authority constructed the dam and lake that that can consist of local officials, members serves as the water supply reservoir for elected by property owners, or any Rockdale County. The lake also is used for combination of the two as specified in the recreation. A board of five members, with two authorizing legislation. Districts may levy ad appointed by Rockdale County, two by the valorem property taxes, special assessments, mayor of Conyers, and one appointed by the and fees as specified in the authorizing other board members, governs the authority. legislation and may issue general obligation The authority may fix and collect fees and and revenue bonds. Residential, agricultural, issue revenue bonds. and forest production parcels within the district are excluded from taxation, assessments, and Covington Parking Authority fees. Community improvement districts that are classified as special districts include those This authority was authorized by a in Chatham, Cherokee, Clayton, Cobb, Dekalb, constitutional amendment. The five-member Glynn, and Gwinnett counties. board consists of four members appointed by the mayor and the city council and either the Districts that lack the autonomy to be classified mayor or a member of the city council. The as independent governments are classified as authority may issue bonds and fix and collect dependent agencies of the county or fees municipality they serve. See “Subordinate Agencies