DOCSLIB.ORG

Callovian and Tithonian Paleogeography Legend (.Pdf)

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Callovian and Tithonian Paleogeography Legend (.Pdf) CALLOVIAN AND TITHONIAN AaTa Aaiun-Tarfay a Basin EVB East Venezuela Basin Mar Mardin SBet Subbetic Adha Adhami Ev ia Ev ia MarB Marmarica Basin SuBu Subbucov inian PALEOGEOGRAPHY Adri Adriatic Ex Li Ex ternal Ligurian Mars Marseille SuDa Susuz Dag LEGEND Akse Akseki Ex Ri Ex ternal Rif MAt Middle Atlas SuGe Supra-Getic Alda Aldama Ex Su Ex ternal Subetic MaU May a Uplift SuMo Supramonte Almo Almopias Ex u Ex uma MazP Mazagan Plateau Tab Tabriz Author: Caroline Wilhem Ana Anamas Fat Fatric Mec Mecsek Taba Tabas University of Lausanne - Institute of Earth Sciences Ani Anina FCB Flemish Cap Basin MC Massif Central Tac Tacchi Sheet 3 (3 sheets: 2 maps + legend; explanatory text) Ann Annecy Flor Florida Med Medv elica TadB Taoudeni Basin Anta Antaly a FoAm Foz do Amazonas Basin Mel Meliata Tahu Tahue Apu Apulia Fran Francardo Men Menderes Tal Talesh Aqui Aquitaine Basin Fri Friuli Meri Merida TaMi Tampica-Misant Basina Argo Argolis Gab Gabrov o Mese Meseta TanA Tanaulipas Arch PALEOENVIRONMENTS Armo Armorica GalB Galicia Bank MeSu Median Subbetic TaOr Talea Ori Ask Askipion Gav Gav roro Mig Migdhalista Tat Tatric Exposed land Atla Atlas GBB Grand Banks Basin Mir Mirdita Teh Tehran GeBB Georges Bank Basin Fluviodeltaic environment BaCa Baja California Mist Mistah Terek Terek BaDa Barla Dag GCau Great Caucasus Mix Mix teca TeT Tellian Trough Evaporitic platform Bade Badenli Geme Gemeric Mo Mostar Theo Theokafta Baju Bajuv aric Gen Genev a MoeP Moesian Platform TimB Timimoun Basin Terrigenous shelf and shallow basin Bako Bakony Gere Gerecse Monc Monclov a TinB Tindouf Basin Get Getic Mont Montpellier Tiro Tirolic Shallow platform Baku Baku Bala Balagne Nappe GG Gulf of Gascogne Monte Monterrey TmGo Tmov ski Gozd Hemipelagic environment BaP Bahamas Plateau GhaB Ghadames Basin MoSo Monte Soro Tol Tolmin Bar Barly a Gint Gintsi MurB Murzuq Basin Toul Toulon Pelagic rise BarB Barinos Basin GM Gulf of Mex ico Ney Ney riz TPeB Tunisian Pelagian Basin BarrB Barreirinhas Basin GoKo Gorski Kotar NHel North Helv etic TrCa Transcaucasus Carbonaceous pelagic environment BBB Blake Bahamas Basin (Site 534) Gren Grenoble Ni Nish Trek Trekly ano Siliceous pelagic envrionment BCT Baltimore Cany on Through Grm Grmec Nice Nice Tren Trento Plateau Bel Belluno GSR Gran Sasso Range Nies Niesen Nappe Tri Trinidad Seamount/plateau/island arc Belo Belogradchik Gua Guaniguanco NuRo Nuev a Rosita Trip Tripolis Beo Beotia Guaj Guajira Oax Oax aquia Troy Troy an Bey Bey sehir GuiT Guena Terrace OMB Oued My a Basin TrSy Transy lv anides Bey da Bey daglari Gumu Gumuslu Oth Othry s TuDo Tunisian Dorsale Biho Bihor Guy B Guy ana Basin Pai Paikon Tul Tulcea LITHOLOGIES Bis Bisbee Hadi Hadim PaMa Para-Manranhao Basin TunT Tunisian Trough Unknown Bisi Bisitoun Hall Hallstatt Pano Panormides TusB Tuscan Basin Bod Bodrum Hati Haticeana Parn Parnassos UEgB Upper Egy pt Basin Nondeposition or continental deposits Bohe Bohemian Massif Haw a Haw asina Pax Pax os UH Ultrahelv etic Bos Bosnian Haz Hazro PBet Prebetic Ulog Ulog Conglomerate, sand, silt, clay Boy a Boy alitepe He Helv etic PeBl Penon Blanco UmMa Umbria Marche Clay, shale BP Blake Plateau Hez Hezan Peo Peonias Vahi Vahic Bre Breche Nappe Hid Hidalgo Peri Perijia Val Valbona Alternance of carbonate, sand, silt and clay Brian Brianconnais HKa High Karst Pic Picachos Var Vardousia Turbidites Bu Bukk Hron Hronic Pich Pichakun Vel Velebit Buc Bucak Hug Huglu Pien Pieniny Vepo Veporic Melanges Buco Bucov ian Hui Huizachal Pin Pindos Vera Veracruz Bud Budv a Hy d Hy dra Pina Pinarbasi Verb Verbicaro Marl / Argillaceous carbonate CaAl Carnic Alps IBet Internal Betic Pino Pinos Vid Vidusa Pelagic carbonate Cab Cabrera IbMe Iberian Meseta PKa Pre-Karst Vig Vigla Cado Cadomia InLi Internal Ligurian PoB Porcupine Basin Vil Villani Pelagic nodular carbonate / Ammonitico Rosso CaGa Cap Gap InRi Internal Rif PoBo Poiana Botizii Viso Visocica Radiolarian / Cherty limestone CaHa Cape Hatteras ISu Intermediate Subbetic Pol Pollino Viv Vivari Cala Calabria InSu Internal Subbetic PoRi Poza Rica WKub West Kuban Radiolarites / Bedded chert Calo Calov eto Io Ionian Posa Posada Yazd Yazd CaLu Campania-Lucana Iri Irish Basin Prov Prov ence Yuc Yucatan Resedimented limestone Cana Canav ese Ist Istanbul PuAl Punta Alegre Yun Yunak Shallow-water carbonate CanI Canary Islands Iz Izdremets PuCa Punta di Calcina Zala Zala CarT Carolina Trough IzAn Izmir-Ankara Pue Puebla Zapo Zapoteco Dolomite Cau Causses JAB Jeanne d'Arc Basin Rasht Rasht Zong Zonguldak Evaporite CB Cap Blanc Jul Julian Rav ar Rav ar Zum Zumberak CBP Cuban Bahamas Platform Jura Jura Ray Ray antsi Zv ez Zw ezdets Hiatus/Condensed sedimentation Cea Ceahlau Juv a Juv av ic Rhen Rhenish Massif ChaB Chad Basin Kaby Kaby lies Rho Rhodes Volcano-clastic sediments Chalu Chalus Kal Kalnik Rhodo Rhodope Basalt Chi Chihuahua Kara Karakay a Rock Rockall ChiB Chiapas Basin Karab Karaburun RoDe Romanija-Dev etak Chio Chios Karad Karadut Sabi Sabinas Basin ChiM Chiapas Massif Kark Karkinitsky Saka Sakary a Cho Chortis Karp Karpinsky Salt Saltillo PLATE TECTONICS ChTa Chiapas Tabasco Keba Keban San Sanandaj AND OTHER RELEVANT Co Corse Kerm Kermanshah Sand Sandikli Coa Coahuila Basin Kizi Kizilca SApu South Apuseni BOUNDARIES ConP Constantine Platform Koc Kocali Sara Sarajev o Subduction Zone Cor Cortes Kolo Kolov rat Saza Sazani CPo Central Pontides Kora Korabi SCas South Caspian Obduction Zone CTri Creatan Tripolis Kot Kotel ScoB Scotian Basin Collision/Inversion Zone Cuka Cukali Koy Koy cegiz SCrim South Crimea Cy rP Cy renica Platform Koz Koziakas SDob South Dobrogea Rift Margin Czor Czorzty n Kru Kruja SeIn Serrana del Interior Transform Fault Dal Dalmatian Kure Kure SenB Senegal Basin Danu Danubian LaAB Latium-Abruzzi Sept Plate-forme Septentrionale Mid-Oceanic Ridge Dat Datca LabS Labrador Shelf Sev Sev erin Isochron Dau Dauphinois LaNe Lago Negro Sey d Sey disehir DemR Demerara Rise LBM London Brabant Massif SicB Sicanian Basin Passive Margin DhTr Dhidhimi-Trapezona Lim Lim Sile Silesian Lion Golfe du Lion Sili Silicic DIGITAL MAP AND CHART SERIES Suture Dij Dijon DMCH017 Din Dinar LlaB Llampos Basin SiMa Sierra Madre Foreland DOI:10.1130/2014.DMCH017.S3 Dolo Dolomites LoAA Low er Austroalpine Siq Siquisique Drin Drinjaca Lomb Lombardian Basin Sir Sirjan Published by Lov Lov inzola SirB Sirte Basin The Geological Society of America, Inc. TEXTS DrIv Drina-Iv anjica 3300 Penrose Place • P.O. Box 9140 Dur Durmitor LPop La Popa Basin SKa South Karaw anken Boulder, Colorado 80301-9140 PLATES Dzir Dzirula LulB Lullemmeden Basin SLL Sierra Leone-Liberia Basin EAlb Eastern Alborz LusB Lusitanian Basin SLP San Luis Potosi © 2014 The Geological Society of America. All rights reserved. OCEANIC DOMAINS EEPM East European Platform Margin Lut Lut SM Serbo-Macedonian PALEOGEOGRAPHIC DOMAINS EKub East Kuban Ly on Ly on SoCa Sonda de Campeche Wilhem, C., compiler, 2014, Maps of the Ele Elena MAA Middle Austroalpine Soko Sokolina Callovian and Tithonian Paleogeography of Regions/Basins/Orogenic Systems Mac Macin Sono Sonora the Caribbean, Atlantic, and Tethyan Emma Emma Basin Realms: Facies and Environments: Localities (abbreviations) EPo Eastern Pontides MaEM Malesia e Madhe Sos Sosice Geological Society of America Digital Map Esc Escambray MagP Maghrebian Platform SPeB Sicilian Pelagian Basin and Chart Series 17, sheet 3 (Callovian and Espi Espino Magu Magura StaM Stav ropol Massif Tithonian paleogeography legend), Malia Maliac Stra Strandja doi:10.1130/2014.DMCH017.S3. ESre East Srednogorie For permission to copy, contact Essa Essaouira Mall Mallorca SubA Subalpine Basin [email protected]. Eth Ethia Malt Malta SubB Subbrianconnais.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Landscapes of NE-Africa and W-Asia—Landscape Archaeology As a Tool for Socio-Economic History in Arid Landscapes
    land Article ‘Un-Central’ Landscapes of NE-Africa and W-Asia—Landscape Archaeology as a Tool for Socio-Economic History in Arid Landscapes Anna-Katharina Rieger Institute of Ancient History and Classical Antiquities, University of Graz, A-8010 Graz, Austria; [email protected]; Tel.: +43-316-380-2391 Received: 6 November 2018; Accepted: 17 December 2018; Published: 22 December 2018 Abstract: Arid regions in the Old World Dry Belt are assumed to be marginal regions, not only in ecological terms, but also economically and socially. Such views in geography, archaeology, and sociology are—despite the real limits of living in arid landscapes—partly influenced by derivates of Central Place Theory as developed for European medieval city-based economies. For other historical time periods and regions, this narrative inhibited socio-economic research with data-based and non-biased approaches. This paper aims, in two arid Graeco-Roman landscapes, to show how far approaches from landscape archaeology and social network analysis combined with the “small world phenomenon” can help to overcome a dichotomic view on core places and their areas, and understand settlement patterns and economic practices in a nuanced way. With Hauran in Southern Syria and Marmarica in NW-Egypt, I revise the concept of marginality, and look for qualitatively and spatially defined relationships between settlements, for both resource management and social organization. This ‘un-central’ perspective on arid landscapes provides insights on how arid regions functioned economically and socially due to a particular spatial concept and connection with their (scarce) resources, mainly water. Keywords: aridity; marginality; landscape archaeology; Marmarica (NW-Egypt); Hauran (Syria/ Jordan); Graeco-Roman period; spatial scales in networks; network relationship qualities; interaction; resource management 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Elaion. Olive Oil Production in Roman and Byzantine Syria-Palestine
    Chapter one SOURCES AND RESOURCES FOR THE STUDY OF OLEOCULTURE IN ROMAN AND BYZANTINE SYRIA–PALESTINE 1.1 Recent scholarship on olive oil announced a competition to introduce new production in the Greco-Roman methods of olive cultivation and oil making. Mediterranean An anonymous competitor published in Interest in historic aspects of olive cultivation 1783 a work exemplifying to perfection the and oil making dates back to a general knowledge of authors of the time and their renaissance of modern studies on ancient scope of interest (Mémoire 1783: especially Greece and Rome, including archaeology 7–9 and 212–235). The part of the memoir (more in Amouretti et alii 1984), this despite devoted to the history of olive cultivation was the living lasting tradition that has become based on views expressed by ancient authors, as an inseparable element of the Mediterranean proved by invariable interest in mythological landscape since at least the Greco-Roman motifs recalling the implantation of olives in era, transferred virtually unchanged from Attica, made possible thanks to the Hercules’ generation to generation in respective regions. intervention. Cato figured prominently in the chapter on the cultivation of the olive 1.1.1 Agronomists, inventors and travelers tree, whereas a description of methods of oil Roman agronomists like Cato or Columella, making drew extensively on Pliny’s Naturalis to mention the most cited, benefited equally historia, expertly mixed with contemporary from a renewed interest resulting from the experience of local, Provençal agronomy. reintroduction of classical literature into Contemporary authors were also interested European culture as from the industrial in the technological aspects of oil production.
    [Show full text]
  • Mitteilungen Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Abteilung Kairo
    MITTEILUNGEN DES DEUTSCHEN ARCHÄOLOGISCHEN INSTITUTS ABTEILUNG KAIRO Band 68 2012 DE GRUYTER Mitteilungen des Deutschen Archäologischen Instituts Kairo erscheint seit 1930 MdaIK 68, 2012 · V, 257 Seiten mit 211 abbildungen die abkürzungen der ägyptologischen Literatur folgen den Regeln des Lexikon der Ägyptologie und dem abkürzungsverzeichnis des daI Kairo in: MDAIK 56, 2000, S. 397 ff. Herausgeber Stephan J. Seidlmayer · daniel Polz Deutsches Archäologisches Institut Kairo 31. Sharia abu el-Feda 11211 Kairo – Zamalek Ägypten www.dainst.org Verantwortlicher Redakteur: daniel Polz, deutsches archäologisches Institut Kairo Redaktion: Isa Böhme, deutsches archäologisches Institut Kairo [email protected] Umschlag: Foto daI Kairo, aufnahme: Ute Rummel ISBn 978-3-11-034749-4 ISSn 0342-1279 Bibliografische Informationen der Deutschen Nationalbibliothek die deutsche nationalbibliothek verzeichnet diese Publikation in der deutschen nationalbibliografie; detaillierte bibliografische daten sind im Internet über http://dnb.dnb.de abrufbar. © 2014 Walter de Gruyter GmbH, Berlin/Boston Produktion: nEUnPLUS1 GmbH, Berlin Gedruckt auf säurefreiem Papier Printed in Germany www.degruyter.com On the Route to Siwa A Late Roman Roadhouse at the Cistern Site Abar el‑Kanayis on the Marmarica‑Plateau By Anna-Katharina Rieger, Heike Möller, Stephanie Valtin and Thomas Vetter (with contributions by Victoria Asensi, Ursula Thanheiser, Nadja Pöllath and Hans-Christoph Noeske) 1. The location plateau it is a territory transected by routes for the exchange of goods (Fig. 2). Water is an essential need 1.1 The Marmarica-Plateau between on these routes through drylands and deserts – either the Mediterranean coast and the for people or pack animals and livestock. For this pur‑ Sahara pose a dense net of cisterns, most of them dating back to antiquity, is spread over the Marmarica‑Pla‑ Anyone who moves between the Mediterranean teau3.
    [Show full text]
  • The Expansion of Christianity: a Gazetteer of Its First Three Centuries
    THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY SUPPLEMENTS TO VIGILIAE CHRISTIANAE Formerly Philosophia Patrum TEXTS AND STUDIES OF EARLY CHRISTIAN LIFE AND LANGUAGE EDITORS J. DEN BOEFT — J. VAN OORT — W.L. PETERSEN D.T. RUNIA — C. SCHOLTEN — J.C.M. VAN WINDEN VOLUME LXIX THE EXPANSION OF CHRISTIANITY A GAZETTEER OF ITS FIRST THREE CENTURIES BY RODERIC L. MULLEN BRILL LEIDEN • BOSTON 2004 This book is printed on acid-free paper. Library of Congress Cataloging-in-Publication Data Mullen, Roderic L. The expansion of Christianity : a gazetteer of its first three centuries / Roderic L. Mullen. p. cm. — (Supplements to Vigiliae Christianae, ISSN 0920-623X ; v. 69) Includes bibliographical references and index. ISBN 90-04-13135-3 (alk. paper) 1. Church history—Primitive and early church, ca. 30-600. I. Title. II. Series. BR165.M96 2003 270.1—dc22 2003065171 ISSN 0920-623X ISBN 90 04 13135 3 © Copyright 2004 by Koninklijke Brill nv, Leiden, The Netherlands All rights reserved. No part of this publication may be reproduced, translated, stored in a retrieval system, or transmitted in any form or by any means, electronic, mechanical, photocopying, recording or otherwise, without prior written permission from the publisher. Authorization to photocopy items for internal or personal use is granted by Brill provided that the appropriate fees are paid directly to The Copyright Clearance Center, 222 Rosewood Drive, Suite 910 Danvers, MA 01923, USA. Fees are subject to change. printed in the netherlands For Anya This page intentionally left blank CONTENTS Preface ........................................................................................ ix Introduction ................................................................................ 1 PART ONE CHRISTIAN COMMUNITIES IN ASIA BEFORE 325 C.E. Palestine .....................................................................................
    [Show full text]
  • Taoudeni Basin Report
    Integrated and Sustainable Management of Shared Aquifer Systems and Basins of the Sahel Region RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION EDITORIAL NOTE This is not an official publication of the International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA). The content has not undergone an official review by the IAEA. The views expressed do not necessarily reflect those of the IAEA or its Member States. The use of particular designations of countries or territories does not imply any judgement by the IAEA as to the legal status of such countries or territories, or their authorities and institutions, or of the delimitation of their boundaries. The mention of names of specific companies or products (whether or not indicated as registered) does not imply any intention to infringe proprietary rights, nor should it be construed as an endorsement or recommendation on the part of the IAEA. INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION REPORT OF THE IAEA-SUPPORTED REGIONAL TECHNICAL COOPERATION PROJECT RAF/7/011 TAOUDENI BASIN COUNTERPARTS: Mr Adnane Souffi MOULLA (Algeria) Mr Abdelwaheb SMATI (Algeria) Ms Ratoussian Aline KABORE KOMI (Burkina Faso) Mr Alphonse GALBANE (Burkina Faso) Mr Sidi KONE (Mali) Mr Aly THIAM (Mali) Mr Brahim Labatt HMEYADE (Mauritania) Mr Sidi Haiba BACAR (Mauritania) EXPERT: Mr Jean Denis TAUPIN (France) Reproduced by the IAEA Vienna, Austria, 2017 INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION INTEGRATED AND SUSTAINABLE MANAGEMENT OF SHARED AQUIFER SYSTEMS AND BASINS OF THE SAHEL REGION Table of Contents 1.
    [Show full text]
  • Lucan's Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek a Dissertation Submitted in Partial Fulf
    Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek A dissertation submitted in partial fulfillment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philosophy University of Washington 2014 Reading Committee: Catherine Connors, Chair Alain Gowing Stephen Hinds Program Authorized to Offer Degree: Classics © Copyright 2014 Laura Zientek University of Washington Abstract Lucan’s Natural Questions: Landscape and Geography in the Bellum Civile Laura Zientek Chair of the Supervisory Committee: Professor Catherine Connors Department of Classics This dissertation is an analysis of the role of landscape and the natural world in Lucan’s Bellum Civile. I investigate digressions and excurses on mountains, rivers, and certain myths associated aetiologically with the land, and demonstrate how Stoic physics and cosmology – in particular the concepts of cosmic (dis)order, collapse, and conflagration – play a role in the way Lucan writes about the landscape in the context of a civil war poem. Building on previous analyses of the Bellum Civile that provide background on its literary context (Ahl, 1976), on Lucan’s poetic technique (Masters, 1992), and on landscape in Roman literature (Spencer, 2010), I approach Lucan’s depiction of the natural world by focusing on the mutual effect of humanity and landscape on each other. Thus, hardships posed by the land against characters like Caesar and Cato, gloomy and threatening atmospheres, and dangerous or unusual weather phenomena all have places in my study. I also explore how Lucan’s landscapes engage with the tropes of the locus amoenus or horridus (Schiesaro, 2006) and elements of the sublime (Day, 2013).
    [Show full text]
  • Archaeology and Classics
    CHICAGO, ILLINOIS JANUARY 2 – 5, 2014 WELCOME TO CHICAGO! Dear AIA Members and Colleagues, Welcome to Chicago for the 115th Annual Meeting of the Archaeological Institute of America. This year’s meeting combines an exciting program presenting cutting-edge research with the unique opportunity to socialize, network, and relax with thousands of your peers from the US, Canada, and more than 30 foreign countries. Appropriately for an urban venue settled in the 19th century by ethnic Europeans, this year’s meeting will feature several sessions on East European archaeology. And sessions devoted to heritage and preservation and digital methodologies in archaeology touch upon increasingly central concerns in the discipline. Back by popular demand are the undergraduate paper session and the Lightning Session. We are indebted to Trustee Michael L. Galaty and the Program for the Annual Meeting Committee that he chairs for fashioning such a stimulating program. Table of Contents Some of the other highlights of this year’s meeting include: General Information ......4-5 Opening Night Lecture and Reception (Thursday, 6:00–9:00 pm) Program-at-a-Glance 10-11 We kick off the meeting with a public lecture by Dr. Garrett Fagan, Professor of Ancient History at Penn State University. In “How to Stage a Bloodbath: Theatricality and Artificiality at the Roman Arena” Fagan explores Exhibitors .................. 12-13 the theatrical aspects of Roman arena games – the stage sets, equipment of the fighters, etc–that created an artificial landscape in which the violence of the spectacle was staged. Fagan will also consider what these Thursday, January 2 features tell us about Roman attitudes toward the violence of the games, and how spectators reacted to them Day-at-a-Glance ..........14 psychologically (Thursday, 6 pm).
    [Show full text]
  • A Fundamental Precambrian–Phanerozoic Shift in Earth's Glacial
    Tectonophysics 375 (2003) 353–385 www.elsevier.com/locate/tecto A fundamental Precambrian–Phanerozoic shift in earth’s glacial style? D.A.D. Evans* Department of Geology and Geophysics, Yale University, P.O. Box 208109, 210 Whitney Avenue, New Haven, CT 06520-8109, USA Received 24 May 2002; received in revised form 25 March 2003; accepted 5 June 2003 Abstract It has recently been found that Neoproterozoic glaciogenic sediments were deposited mainly at low paleolatitudes, in marked qualitative contrast to their Pleistocene counterparts. Several competing models vie for explanation of this unusual paleoclimatic record, most notably the high-obliquity hypothesis and varying degrees of the snowball Earth scenario. The present study quantitatively compiles the global distributions of Miocene–Pleistocene glaciogenic deposits and paleomagnetically derived paleolatitudes for Late Devonian–Permian, Ordovician–Silurian, Neoproterozoic, and Paleoproterozoic glaciogenic rocks. Whereas high depositional latitudes dominate all Phanerozoic ice ages, exclusively low paleolatitudes characterize both of the major Precambrian glacial epochs. Transition between these modes occurred within a 100-My interval, precisely coeval with the Neoproterozoic–Cambrian ‘‘explosion’’ of metazoan diversity. Glaciation is much more common since 750 Ma than in the preceding sedimentary record, an observation that cannot be ascribed merely to preservation. These patterns suggest an overall cooling of Earth’s longterm climate, superimposed by developing regulatory feedbacks
    [Show full text]
  • The History and Description of Africa and of the Notable Things Therein Contained, Vol
    The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 http://www.aluka.org/action/showMetadata?doi=10.5555/AL.CH.DOCUMENT.nuhmafricanus3 Use of the Aluka digital library is subject to Aluka’s Terms and Conditions, available at http://www.aluka.org/page/about/termsConditions.jsp. By using Aluka, you agree that you have read and will abide by the Terms and Conditions. Among other things, the Terms and Conditions provide that the content in the Aluka digital library is only for personal, non-commercial use by authorized users of Aluka in connection with research, scholarship, and education. The content in the Aluka digital library is subject to copyright, with the exception of certain governmental works and very old materials that may be in the public domain under applicable law. Permission must be sought from Aluka and/or the applicable copyright holder in connection with any duplication or distribution of these materials where required by applicable law. Aluka is a not-for-profit initiative dedicated to creating and preserving a digital archive of materials about and from the developing world. For more information about Aluka, please see http://www.aluka.org The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained, Vol. 3 Alternative title The history and description of Africa and of the notable things therein contained Author/Creator Leo Africanus Contributor Pory, John (tr.), Brown, Robert (ed.) Date 1896 Resource type Books Language English, Italian Subject Coverage (spatial) Northern Swahili Coast;Middle Niger, Mali, Timbucktu, Southern Swahili Coast Source Northwestern University Libraries, G161 .H2 Description Written by al-Hassan ibn-Mohammed al-Wezaz al-Fasi, a Muslim, baptised as Giovanni Leone, but better known as Leo Africanus.
    [Show full text]
  • Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt Oi.Uchicago.Edu
    oi.uchicago.edu Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt oi.uchicago.edu PREHISTORIC ARCHEOLOGY AND ECOLOGY A Series Edited by Karl W. Butzer and Leslie G. Freeman oi.uchicago.edu Karl W.Butzer Early Hydraulic Civilization in Egypt A Study in Cultural Ecology Internet publication of this work was made possible with the generous support of Misty and Lewis Gruber The University of Chicago Press Chicago and London oi.uchicago.edu Karl Butzer is professor of anthropology and geography at the University of Chicago. He is a member of Chicago's Committee on African Studies and Committee on Evolutionary Biology. He also is editor of the Prehistoric Archeology and Ecology series and the author of numerous publications, including Environment and Archeology, Quaternary Stratigraphy and Climate in the Near East, Desert and River in Nubia, and Geomorphology from the Earth. The University of Chicago Press, Chicago 60637 The University of Chicago Press, Ltd., London ® 1976 by The University of Chicago All rights reserved. Published 1976 Printed in the United States of America 80 79 78 77 76 987654321 Library of Congress Cataloging in Publication Data Butzer, Karl W. Early hydraulic civilization in Egypt. (Prehistoric archeology and ecology) Bibliography: p. 1. Egypt--Civilization--To 332 B. C. 2. Human ecology--Egypt. 3. Irrigation=-Egypt--History. I. Title. II. Series. DT61.B97 333.9'13'0932 75-36398 ISBN 0-226-08634-8 ISBN 0-226-08635-6 pbk. iv oi.uchicago.edu For INA oi.uchicago.edu oi.uchicago.edu CONTENTS List of Illustrations Viii List of Tables ix Foreword xi Preface xiii 1.
    [Show full text]
  • 44.4. Late Tertiary Channel System in Northern Libya and Its Implications on Mediterranean Sea Level Changes
    F. T. BARR, B. R. WALKER 44.4. LATE TERTIARY CHANNEL SYSTEM IN NORTHERN LIBYA AND ITS IMPLICATIONS ON MEDITERRANEAN SEA LEVEL CHANGES F. T. Barr and B. R. Walker, Oasis Oil Company of Libya, Inc., Tripoli, Libya ABSTRACT A large fossil drainage system of probable upper Miocene age is recognized along the northeastern flank of the Sirte Basin, northern Libya. The main channel has been traced for about 150 km eventually being lost under the sarir, just south of Qasr as Sahabi. It has cut into middle Miocene limestone to a depth of over 1300 feet. In this region the surface is near present sea level. It is postulated that the Sahabi drainage system is the result of an abrupt drop in Mediterranean sea level of at least 1300 feet, and probably more than 2000 feet, during the late Miocene. During the early Pliocene, the sea returned to a level about the same as, or a little less than, that just prior to the late Miocene regression. Other possible late Miocene drainage systems have been recorded in eastern Libya and the western Desert of Egypt; these may be related to the same sequence of late Tertiary events that affected a great portion of the eastern Mediterranean region. These Neogene geomorphic features of northeastern Africa, which have long been a perplexing problem, now fit well into an hypothesis which accommodates much of the new data obtained from drilling beneath the floor of the Mediterranean Sea. INTRODUCTION DESCRIPTION OF CHANNEL SYSTEM This channel system is recognized along the northeastern Geophysical crews prospecting for oil along the eastern flank of the Sirte Basin between latitude 29° to 30° North, margin of the Sirte Basin, northern Libya, during the late and longitude 20° 45' to 22° East.
    [Show full text]
  • Gold in Mali
    Acta Montanistica Slovaca Ročník 4 (1999), 4, 311-318 Gold in Mali 1 Imrich Kušnír Zlato v Mali Článok sa, okrem stručného úvodu do geológie regiónu, zaoberá popisom hlavných zlatých ložísk Mali, kde sa t.č. ťaží viac ako 20 t zlata ročne. Súčasné objavy zlata v tejto Západoafrickej krajine sú totiž príkladom, ako orientácia geologického prieskumu územia s dobrým potenciálom pre určitú nerastnú surovinu a použitie vhodnej metódy môže viesť k úspechu. Zlato sa v Mali ťaží už od nepamäti, ale ekonomicky významné ložiská (s prepočítanými zásobami 50 až 240 ton Au), sú objavované len v poslednom období. Presnejšie odvtedy, odkedy sa prieskum sústredil na zóny proterozoických epimetamorfovaých vulkano-sedimentárnych hornín (tzv. Birrimian greenstone belts) Západoafrického kratónu, s použitím geochémie, ako jednej z hlavných prieskumných metód. Keď si prieskumári uvedomili, že "Birrimian" môže mať rovnaký potenciál na zlato ako archaické "greenstones", ktoré sú hlavným zdrojom zlata na svete a že geochémia môže byt účinnou metódou pre prieskum krajiny s plochým povrchom, bez východov hornín, ktorá je charakteristická pre väčšinu územia Mali (a celej Západnej a Strednej Afriky). Key words: Mali, West Africa, West African craton, Tuareg shield, Proterozoic, Birrimian, Pan-african orogeny, precambrian greenstones, gold, lode gold, auriferous tourmalinites. Introduction Gold mining in Mali has a long history. In 1433, its renowned emperor Kanku Mussa brought 8 tons of gold on his pilgrimage to Mecca. Local population has exploited gold since immemorial times. Nowadays, several thousands of "artisan" miners exploit numerous sites and their production is estimated at more than 2 tons of gold per year. Industrial mining began in the 1970's (Kalana mine), following a large exploration programme by SONAREM with the soviet assistance (Golder et al., 1965; Boltroukevitch, 1973).
    [Show full text]