The Disaster and the Red Cross Red Crescent Response to Date
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The Statistical Battle for the Population of Greek Macedonia
XII. The Statistical Battle for the Population of Greek Macedonia by Iakovos D. Michailidis Most of the reports on Greece published by international organisations in the early 1990s spoke of the existence of 200,000 “Macedonians” in the northern part of the country. This “reasonable number”, in the words of the Greek section of the Minority Rights Group, heightened the confusion regarding the Macedonian Question and fuelled insecurity in Greece’s northern provinces.1 This in itself would be of minor importance if the authors of these reports had not insisted on citing statistics from the turn of the century to prove their points: mustering historical ethnological arguments inevitably strengthened the force of their own case and excited the interest of the historians. Tak- ing these reports as its starting-point, this present study will attempt an historical retrospective of the historiography of the early years of the century and a scientific tour d’horizon of the statistics – Greek, Slav and Western European – of that period, and thus endeavour to assess the accuracy of the arguments drawn from them. For Greece, the first three decades of the 20th century were a long period of tur- moil and change. Greek Macedonia at the end of the 1920s presented a totally different picture to that of the immediate post-Liberation period, just after the Balkan Wars. This was due on the one hand to the profound economic and social changes that followed its incorporation into Greece and on the other to the continual and extensive population shifts that marked that period. As has been noted, no fewer than 17 major population movements took place in Macedonia between 1913 and 1925.2 Of these, the most sig- nificant were the Greek-Bulgarian and the Greek-Turkish exchanges of population under the terms, respectively, of the 1919 Treaty of Neuilly and the 1923 Lausanne Convention. -
World Bank Document
E2120 EMP Checklist for Construction and Rehabilitation Activities General Guidelines for use of EMP checklist: For low-risk topologies, such as school and hospital rehabilitation activities, the ECA Public Disclosure Authorized safeguards team developed an alternative to the current EMP format to provide an opportunity for a more streamlined approach to preparing EMPs for minor rehabilitation or small-scale works in building construction, in the health, education and public services sectors. The checklist-type format has been developed to provide “example good practices” and designed to be user friendly and compatible with safeguard requirements. The EMP checklist-type format attempts to cover typical core mitigation approaches to civil works contracts with small, localized impacts. It is accepted that this format provides the key elements of an Environmental Management Plan (EMP) or Environmental Management Framework (EMF) to meet World Bank Environmental Assessment requirements under OP 4.01. The intention of this checklist is that it would be applicable as guidelines for the small works contractors and constitute an Public Disclosure Authorized integral part of bidding documents for contractors carrying out small civil works under Bank-financed projects. The checklist has three sections: Part 1 includes a descriptive part that characterizes the project and specifies in terms the institutional and legislative aspects, the technical project content, the potential need for capacity building program and description of the public consultation process. This section could be up to two pages long. Attachments for additional information can be supplemented when needed. Part 2 includes an environmental and social screening checklist, where activities and potential environmental issues can be checked in a simple Yes/No format. -
Analysis of the 2014 Summer Season for Macedonia Compared to 1981-2010 Base Period
Analysis of the 2014 summer season for Macedonia compared to 1981-2010 base period Temperature Average summer (June, July and August) air temperatures in Macedonia were mainly around normal value for the 1981-2010 base period. During summer 2014, mean air temperature ranged between 15.6.°C in Lazaropole and 25.6°C in Gevgelija. The departure of the mean temperature from the normal for the 1981-2010 base period ranged from -0.6°C in Kriva Palanka to 0.3°C in Gevgelija and Bitola. Station Departure (°C) June July August Summer OHRID -0.4 -0.8 0.8 -0.1 BEROVO -0.2 -0.4 0.4 -0.1 D.KAPIJA -1.0 -0.1 0.4 -0.2 GEVGELIJA 0.1 0.0 0.8 0.3 K.PALANKA -0.7 -0.9 -0.2 -0.6 LAZAROPOLE -0.3 -1.3 0.5 -0.4 PRILEP -0.4 -0.4 0.0 -0.3 SKOPJE -0.8 -0.6 0.1 -0.4 STIP -0.9 -0.6 0.3 -0.4 STRUMICA -0.5 -0.3 0.3 -0.2 BITOLA -0.2 0.1 0.9 0.3 Table 1. Departure of the mean temperature (°C) from the normal for the 1981-2010 base period Three-month course of the mean, maximum and minimum daily air temperature in Kriva Palanka, Gevgelija and Bitola during summer 2014 is shown in figures 1, 2 and 3. Figure 1. Three-month course of the mean, maximum and minimum daily air temperature in Kriva Palanka during summer 2014 Figure 2. -