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Das Hyperloop-Konzept Entwicklung, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten Und Kritische Betrachtung

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Das Hyperloop-Konzept Entwicklung, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten Und Kritische Betrachtung Das Hyperloop-Konzept Entwicklung, Anwendungsmöglichkeiten und kritische Betrachtung Diplomarbeit Sommersemester 2019 Matthias Plavec, BSc, BSc Matrikelnummer: 1710694816 Betreuung: FH-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Dipl.-Ing. Frank Michelberger, EURAIL-Ing. Fachhochschule St. Pölten GmbH, Matthias Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, T: +43 (2742) 313 228, F: +43 (2742) 313 228-339, E: [email protected], I: www.fhstp.ac.at Vorwort und Danksagung Die vorliegende Diplomarbeit entstand im Rahmen des Studiums Bahntechnologie und Management von Mobilitätssystemen an der Fachhochschule St. Pölten. Ich erfuhr erstmals im August 2013 vom Hyperloop-Konzept, als dieses der breiten Öffentlichkeit vorgestellt wurde. Seither habe ich die Entwicklungen rund um dieses neue Verkehrsmittel rege verfolgt. Die Idee eines komplett neuen Verkehrssystems und die dahinterstehende Technologie finde ich besonders reizvoll. Bestehende offene Fragen zur tatsächlichen Machbarkeit, der Sinnhaftigkeit und der Finanzierbarkeit des Systems haben mich dazu bewogen mich mit dem Themenkomplex im Rahmen meiner Diplomarbeit genauer auseinanderzusetzen. Ich möchte mich an dieser Stelle bei meinem Betreuer, Herrn FH-Prof. Dipl.-Ing. (FH) Dipl.- Ing. Frank Michelberger, für seine unkomplizierte und entgegenkommende Betreuung der Arbeit, bedanken Ebenso gilt mein Dank meinen Eltern, die mir mein Studium durch ihre Unterstützung ermöglicht haben. Außerdem möchte ich auch meiner Freundin für ihre Geduld während des Erstellens dieser Arbeit danken. Für das Wecken meines Interesses an der Eisenbahn und für die Unterstützung bei der Erstellung der Arbeit bedanke ich mich abschließend nochmals besonders bei meinem Vater. Matthias Plavec Wien, Juli 2019 1 Fachhochschule St. Pölten GmbH, Matthias Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, T: +43 (2742) 313 228, F: +43 (2742) 313 228-339, E: [email protected], I: www.fhstp.ac. Erklärung zur Veröffentlichung Der Autor erklärt sich damit einverstanden, dass die FH St. Pölten die vorliegende Arbeit in geeigneter Weise unter Nennung des Autors bzw. in der vorliegenden Originalform als .pdf- Datei oder in gedruckter Form veröffentlichen darf. Eidesstattliche Erklärung Ich erkläre hiermit an Eides Statt, dass ich die vorliegende Diplomarbeit selbständig angefertigt habe. Die aus fremden Quellen direkt oder indirekt übernommenen Gedanken sind als solche kenntlich gemacht. Die Arbeit wurde bisher weder in gleicher noch in ähnlicher Form einer andern Prüfungsbehörde vorgelegt und auch noch nicht veröffentlicht. 2 Fachhochschule St. Pölten GmbH, Matthias Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, T: +43 (2742) 313 228, F: +43 (2742) 313 228-339, E: [email protected], I: www.fhstp.ac. Zusammenfassung In der vorliegenden Arbeit wird zuerst die historische Entwicklung des Schienenhochgeschwindigkeitsverkehrs und der Magnetschwebebahn erörtert. In Folge wird das Hyperloop-Konzept vorgestellt, aktuelle Entwicklungen erörtert und mögliche Anwendungsfälle analysiert. Das Hyperloop-Konzept wurde erstmals im Jahr 2013 vorgestellt und ist ein Verkehrssystem, bei dem Kapseln in einer geschlossenen Röhre (mit einem niedrigeren Luftdruck) transportiert werden. Obwohl die grundsätzliche technologische Machbarkeit des Konzepts nicht bezweifelt wird, gibt es noch einige offene Fragen bezüglich der konkreten Umsetzung. Besonders die geringe Systemkapazität und die zu niedrigen Kostenannahmen werden kritisiert. Mittlerweile arbeitet eine Vielzahl an Unternehmen an einer Umsetzung des Hyperloop- Konzepts und es werden zahlreiche mögliche Hyperloop-Strecken diskutiert. Prinzipiell scheint eine Umsetzung von Hyperloop-Strecken derzeit nur als reine Punkt-zu-Punkt-Verbindungen sinnvoll. Eine mögliche erste Hyperloop-Strecke würde wichtige Erkenntnisse über die tatsächlichen Bau- und Betriebskosten bringen. Dies würde eine fundierte Bewertung der Wirtschaftlichkeit wesentlich vereinfachen. Abstract This thesis begins with an overview of the historical evolution of high-speed rail systems and Maglev trains. The paper subsequently focuses on the Hyperloop concept and analyses possible applications of this new transport system. The Hyperloop was first introduced in 2013 and is a proposed mode of passenger and/or freight transportation. The system consists of a sealed tube through which a pod may travel nearly free of air resistance. Although there are no doubts concerning the technological feasibility, there is criticism regarding the concrete implementation of the Hyperloop. Critics especially question the small system capacity and estimate that the actual costs would be substantially higher than the initial cost assumptions. Numerous companies are currently working on implementing the Hyperloop concept and different Hyperloop-routes are being discussed. An implementation of the Hyperloop only makes sense as a pure point to point connection. A possible first Hyperloop route would provide important insights into the actual construction and operating costs. 3 Fachhochschule St. Pölten GmbH, Matthias Corvinus-Straße 15, 3100 St. Pölten, T: +43 (2742) 313 228, F: +43 (2742) 313 228-339, E: [email protected], I: www.fhstp.ac. Inhaltsverzeichnis 1 Einleitung .................................................................................................................. 6 1.1 Problemstellung ............................................................................................................ 6 1.2 Forschungsfragen und Ziel der Arbeit ........................................................................... 7 1.3 Methoden ..................................................................................................................... 8 1.4 Untersuchungsraum ..................................................................................................... 9 2 Grundlagen Bahnen ............................................................................................... 10 2.1 Überblick Arten von Bahnen ....................................................................................... 10 2.2 Konventionelle Eisenbahn........................................................................................... 12 2.2.1 Betriebliche und Technologische Grundlagen .................................................. 12 2.2.2 Organisatorische Grundlagen .......................................................................... 14 2.2.3 Aktuelle Entwicklungen im EU-Raum ............................................................... 15 2.2.4 Schienenhochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr ........................................................... 17 2.2.5 Besonderheiten und Problematik des Schienenhochgeschwindigkeitsverkehrs 21 2.3 Andere Bahnsysteme mit mechanischer Spurhaltung .................................................. 24 2.4 Magnetschwebebahnen .............................................................................................. 25 2.4.1 Technologische Grundlagen ............................................................................ 25 2.4.2 Historische Entwicklung ................................................................................... 27 2.4.3 Transrapid ....................................................................................................... 28 2.4.4 JR-Maglev ....................................................................................................... 32 2.4.5 Vergleich mit dem Schienenhochgeschwindigkeitsverkehr ............................... 34 3 Das Hyperloop-Konzept ......................................................................................... 39 3.1 Vorgänger des Hyperloops ......................................................................................... 39 3.2 Idee und Entwicklung .................................................................................................. 41 3.3 Das Konzept ............................................................................................................... 42 3.3.1 Technische Umsetzung ................................................................................... 43 3.3.2 Betriebliche Umsetzung ................................................................................... 46 3.3.3 Kostenschätzung ............................................................................................. 47 3.4 Rezeption und fachliche Kritik ..................................................................................... 48 3.4.1 Grundsätzliche Bedenken................................................................................ 48 3.4.2 Finanzierung und Wirtschaftlichkeit ................................................................. 51 3.5 Aktuelle Entwicklungen ............................................................................................... 53 3.5.1 SpaceX ........................................................................................................... 53 3.5.2 Hyperloop Transportation Technologies........................................................... 54 3.5.3 Virgin Hyperloop One ...................................................................................... 56 3.5.4 TransPod ........................................................................................................ 58 3.5.5 Hardt Hyperloop .............................................................................................. 59 3.5.6 Weitere Hyperloop-Initiativen ........................................................................... 60 3.6 Überblick vorgeschlagene Strecken ...........................................................................
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