DOCSLIB.ORG

From Particle Physics to Cosmology

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
From Particle Physics to Cosmology Advances in High Energy Physics Perspectives on Decay and Time Evolution of Metastable States: From Particle Physics to Cosmology Lead Guest Editor: Krzysztof Urbanowski Guest Editors: Neelima G. Kelkar, Marek Nowakowski, and Marek Szydlowski Perspectives on Decay and Time Evolution of Metastable States: From Particle Physics to Cosmology Advances in High Energy Physics Perspectives on Decay and Time Evolution of Metastable States: From Particle Physics to Cosmology Lead Guest Editor: Krzysztof Urbanowski Guest Editors: Neelima G. Kelkar, Marek Nowakowski, and Marek Szydlowski Copyright © 2018 Hindawi. All rights reserved. This is a special issue published in “Advances in High Energy Physics.” All articles are open access articles distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. Editorial Board Antonio J. Accioly, Brazil Ricardo G. Felipe, Portugal Anastasios Petkou, Greece Giovanni Amelino-Camelia, Italy Chao-Qiang Geng, Taiwan Alexey A. Petrov, USA Luis A. Anchordoqui, USA Philippe Gras, France Thomas Rössler, Sweden Michele Arzano, Italy Xiaochun He, USA Diego Saez-Chillon Gomez, Spain T. Asselmeyer-Maluga, Germany Luis Herrera, Spain Takao Sakaguchi, USA Alessandro Baldini, Italy Filipe R. Joaquim, Portugal Juan José Sanz-Cillero, Spain Marco Battaglia, Switzerland Aurelio Juste, Spain Edward Sarkisyan-Grinbaum, USA Lorenzo Bianchini, Switzerland Theocharis Kosmas, Greece Sally Seidel, USA Roelof Bijker, Mexico Ming Liu, USA George Siopsis, USA Burak Bilki, USA Enrico Lunghi, USA Luca Stanco, Italy Adrian Buzatu, UK Salvatore Mignemi, Italy Jouni Suhonen, Finland Rong-Gen Cai, China Omar G. Miranda, Mexico Mariam Tórtola, Spain Anna Cimmino, France Grégory Moreau, France Smarajit Triambak, South Africa Osvaldo Civitarese, Argentina Piero Nicolini, Germany Jose M. Udías, Spain Andrea Coccaro, Italy Carlos Pajares, Spain Elias C. Vagenas, Kuwait Shi-Hai Dong, Mexico Sergio Palomares-Ruiz, Spain Sunny Vagnozzi, Sweden Lorenzo Fortunato, Italy Giovanni Pauletta, Italy YauW.Wah,USA Mariana Frank, Canada Yvonne Peters, UK Contents Perspectives on Decay and Time Evolution of Metastable States: From Particle Physics to Cosmology K. Urbanowski ,N.G.Kelkar ,M.Nowakowski ,andM.Szydłowski Editorial (2 pages), Article ID 6274317, Volume 2018 (2018) Feasibility Study of the Time Reversal Symmetry Tests in Decay of Metastable Positronium Atoms with the J-PET Detector A. Gajos ,C.Curceanu,E.Czerwiński,K.Dulski,M.Gorgol,N.Gupta-Sharma,B.C.Hiesmayr, B.Jasińska,K.Kacprzak,Ł.Kapłon,D.Kisielewska,G.Korcyl,P.Kowalski,T.Kozik,W.Krzemień, E.Kubicz,M.Mohammed,Sz.Niedńwiecki,M.Pałka,M.Pawlik-Niedńwiecka,L.Raczyński,J.Raj,Z.Rudy, S.Sharma,Shivani,R.Shopa,M.Silarski,M.Skurzok,W.Wiślicki,B.Zgardzińska,M.Zieliński, and P. Moskal Research Article (10 pages), Article ID 8271280, Volume 2018 (2018) From Quantum Unstable Systems to the Decaying Dark Energy: Cosmological Implications Aleksander Stachowski ,MarekSzydłowski , and Krzysztof Urbanowski Research Article (8 pages), Article ID 7080232, Volume 2018 (2018) A Probability Distribution for Quantum Tunneling Times José T. Lunardi and Luiz A. Manzoni Research Article (11 pages), Article ID 1372359, Volume 2018 (2018) From de Sitter to de Sitter: Decaying Vacuum Models as a Possible Solution to the Main Cosmological Problems G. J. M. Zilioti, R. C. Santos, and J. A. S. Lima Research Article (7 pages), Article ID 6980486, Volume 2018 (2018) Statistical Physics of the Inflaton Decaying in an Inhomogeneous Random Environment Z. Haba Research Article (9 pages), Article ID 7204952, Volume 2018 (2018) QFT Derivation of the Decay Law of an Unstable Particle with Nonzero Momentum Francesco Giacosa Research Article (7 pages), Article ID 4672051, Volume 2018 (2018) Time Dilation in Relativistic Quantum Decay Laws of Moving Unstable Particles Filippo Giraldi Research Article (10 pages), Article ID 7308935, Volume 2018 (2018) A New Inflationary Universe Scenario with Inhomogeneous Quantum Vacuum Yilin Chen and Jin Wang Research Article (15 pages), Article ID 3916727, Volume 2018 (2018) Searches for Massive Graviton Resonances at the LHC T. V. Obikhod and I. A. Petrenko Research Article (9 pages), Article ID 3471023, Volume 2018 (2018) Electroweak Phase Transitions in Einstein’s Static Universe M. Gogberashvili Research Article (5 pages), Article ID 4653202, Volume 2018 (2018) Moving Unstable Particles and Special Relativity Eugene V. Stefanovich Research Article (9 pages), Article ID 4657079, Volume 2018 (2018) Hindawi Advances in High Energy Physics Volume 2018, Article ID 6274317, 2 pages https://doi.org/10.1155/2018/6274317 Editorial Perspectives on Decay and Time Evolution of Metastable States: From Particle Physics to Cosmology K. Urbanowski ,1 N. G. Kelkar ,2 M. Nowakowski ,2 and M. SzydBowski 3 1 Institute of Physics, University of Zielona Gora,´ Prof. Z. Szafrana 4a, 65-516 Zielona Gora,´ Poland 2Departamento de Fisica, Universidad de los Andes, Cra 1E, 18A-10, Bogota,´ Colombia 3Astronomical Observatory, Jagiellonian University, Orla 171, 30-244 Krakow,´ Poland Correspondence should be addressed to K. Urbanowski; [email protected] Received 26 August 2018; Accepted 26 August 2018; Published 12 December 2018 Copyright © K. Urbanowski et al. is is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. e publication of this article was funded by SCOAP. Many, if not most of the quantum states which consti- effect which loosely speaking states that “watched states decay tute the building blocks of nature, are unstable and decay differently,” a fact which can be even applied in cosmology. spontaneously. As such they require a special treatment in is behavior is followed by the exponential decay law. At quantum mechanics which displays new effects as compared large times, the latter again gets replaced by a new power to a classical theory. Examples of such unstable states can law preceded by a transition region in which the survival be found in the Standard Model of particle theory includ- probability can grow locally. is also finds applications in ing quarks, heavy gauge bosons, leptons heavier than the cosmology. e deviations from the exponential decay are a electron, baryons heavier than the proton, and all mesons genuine quantum effect. made up from a quark and an antiquark. In nuclear physics e ramifications of the spontaneous decay process in the word “radioactivity” is a synonym for the instability of understanding nature and its applications are widely spread. the nuclei which either de-excite emitting a photon, decay It is the photon emission of excited atoms which gives via a cluster emission (of which the alpha decay is the most information of the matter far away from our sun. It is the beta famous and the best studied example of a quantum tunneling decay which plays a decisive role in the nucleosynthesis of process) or undergo the weak transition known as beta decay elements heavier than iron. It is the alpha decay of thorium or inverse beta decay. In atomic physics, excited states are and uranium which in part heats up the inner core of the indeed considered as unstable and in a similar way we could earth, making it fluid, allowing for the continental dri and treat excited molecules. Finally, the whole universe can tunnel the magnetic field. It is the inverse beta decay supplying us from a false vacuum into a lower lying energy state which with the positron needed in medical tomography whose one from the point of view of quantum mechanics is understood version relies on the decay of the positronium. as a spontaneous decay. Indeed, in quantum mechanics a e present special issue consists of articles which deal decay process is quite natural as any state will decay unless with instability from a scale as small as that of elementary we have a conservation law (symmetry) which forbids it. particles to that of the universe itself. On the way, the authors Quantum mechanics allows also a unified treatment of the discover interesting phenomena related to the effects of spontaneous decay which can be applied to all unstable relativity, violation of symmetries, and the bizarre behaviour states and exhibits new phenomena (“new” as compared to of the universe under certain conditions. Chen and Wang, for the classical “exponential decay”) at short and large times. example, consider the tunneling of the universe within the At small times the exponential decay law is replaced by a scenario of an inhomogeneous quantum vacuum and, calcu- power law and is closely related to the Zeno and anti-Zeno lating the tunneling amplitude of the universe from nothing, Advances in High Energy Physics they find that the inhomogeneity leads to a faster tunneling. In contrast to this approach which uses the Friedmann- Lemaitre-Robertson-Walker metric, M. Gogberashvili con- siders a different approach using Einstein’s static universe metric and investigates the effects of the strong static gravi- tational field. A. Stachowski et al. bring in a new player, the metastable dark energy, in the investigation of the evolution of the universe. G. J. M. Zilioti et al. attempt to resolve some cosmological puzzles within decaying vacuum models. A completely different approach using concepts from statistical physics is introduced by Z. Haba to study the evolution of the expanding universe. Going over to smaller scales, the paper by T. V. Obikhod and I. A. Petrenko studies the properties of new particles predicted by the theories of extra dimensions. e survival probabilities of moving unstable particles are considered by E. V. Stefanovich, F. Giraldi, and F. Giacosa in three different papers. e feasibility of testing the time reversal symmetry in a purely leptonic system is reported by the Jagellonian-PET team from their pilot measurement involving the three photon decay of a positronium atom. Finally, the probability distribution of tunneling times of particles in connection with the recent laser induced tunnel ionization experiments is presented by J.
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Phenomenology of Generalized Higgs Boson Scenarios John F
    Phenomenology of Generalized Higgs Boson Scenarios John F. Gunion∗ Department of Physics, University of California, Davis I outline some of the challenging issues that could arise in attempting to fully delineate various possible Higgs sectors, with focus on the minimal supersymmetric model, a general two-Higgs- doublet model, and extensions thereof. In a broad sense the three basic topics of this review will be: (i) extended Standard Model Higgs sectors; (ii) perturbations of ‘Standard’ minimal supersymmetric model (MSSM) Higgs sector phe- nomenology; and (iii) Higgs phenomenology for SUSY models beyond the MSSM. Also interesting are Higgs-like particles and how their phenomenology would differ from or affect that for Higgs bosons. Such particles include: radions; top-condensates; and the pseudo-Nambu-Goldstone bosons of technicolor. However, I will not have space to discuss these latter objects. 1. Extended SM Higgs Sectors Even within the SM context, one should consider extended Higgs sector possibilities. • One can add one or more singlet Higgs fields. This leads to no particular theoretical prob- lems (or benefits) but Higgs discovery can be much more challenging. • One can consider more than one Higgs doublet field, the simplest case being the general two-Higgs-doublet model (2HDM). A negative point is that, in the general case, the charged Higgs mass-squared is not automatically positive (as required to avoid breaking electro- magnetism). A more complete model context might, however, lead to a 2HDM Higgs sector 2 having mH± > 0 as part of an effective low-energy theory. A positive point is that CP viola- tion can arise in a Higgs sector with more than one doublet and possibly be responsible for all CP-violating phenomena.
    [Show full text]
  • Graviscalars from Higher-Dimensional Metrics and Curvature-Higgs Mixing
    CERN-TH/2000-051 SNS-PH/2000-03 UCD-2000-7 LBNL-45201 Graviscalars from higher-dimensional metrics and curvature-Higgs mixing Gian F. Giudicea, Riccardo Rattazzib, James D. Wellsc (a)CERN Theory Division, CH-1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland (b)INFN and Scuola Normale Superiore, I-56100 Pisa, Italy (c)Physics Department, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA and Lawrence Berkeley National Laboratory, Berkeley, CA 94720, USA Abstract We investigate the properties of scalar fields arising from gravity propagating in ex- tra dimensions. In the scenario of large extra dimensions, proposed by Arkani-Hamed, Dimopoulos and Dvali, graviscalar Kaluza-Klein excitations are less important than the spin-2 counterparts in most processes. However, there are important exceptions. The Higgs boson can mix to these particles by coupling to the Ricci scalar. Because of the large number of states involved, this mixing leads, in practice, to a sizeable invisi- ble width for the Higgs. In the Randall-Sundrum scenario, the only graviscalar is the radion. It can be produced copiously at hadron colliders by virtue of its enhanced cou- pling to two gluons through the trace anomaly of QCD. We study both the production and decay of the radion, and compare it to the Standard Model Higgs boson. Further- more, we find that radion detectability depends crucially on the curvature-Higgs boson mixing parameter. hep-ph/0002178 February 2000 Contents 1 Introduction 2 2 Graviscalars from large extra dimensions 4 2.1Scalar-curvatureterm............................... 5 2.2Higgs-gravitonmixing:discreteversuscontinuum............... 8 2.3InvisibleHiggswidth............................... 11 2.4DirectgraviscalarproductionatLEP2..................... 14 3 Graviscalars from non-factorizable geometries 16 3.1Radioninteractionswithmatter........................
    [Show full text]
  • Search of a Graviscalar Particle of the Randall
    Scuola Normale Superiore Classe di Scienze Search of a graviscalar particle of the Randall-Sundrum model with the CMS experiment at LHC Tesi di perfezionamento CANDIDATO RELATORE Dr. Simone GENNAI Chiar.mo Prof. Lorenzo FOA` CERN-THESIS-2009-091 01/01/2003 a.a. 2003 Alla mia famiglia, a mio nonno e ad Erica. Contents 1 Theoretical introduction 6 1.1 Merits and Failures of the Standard Model . 6 1.1.1 The Hierarchy Problem . 9 1.1.2 The LEP Paradox or Little Hierarchy Problem . 11 1.2 Extra Dimensions . 14 1.2.1 Flat Compactified Extra Dimensions . 15 1.2.2 Warped Extra Dimensions . 19 1.2.3 The scalar sector of Extra Dimensions . 20 1.2.4 Phenomenology for Λ= 5 TeV . 24 2 The Large Hadron Collider and the CMS Experiment 31 2.1 The Large Hadron Collider . 31 2.1.1 Physics and Experimental Requirements . 33 2.2 The CMS Experiment . 35 2.2.1 The Magnet . 36 2.2.2 The Tracker . 36 2.2.3 The Electromagnetic Calorimeter . 38 2.2.4 The Hadron Calorimeter . 39 2.2.5 The Muon System . 41 2.2.6 The Trigger . 43 1 CONTENTS 2 3 The CMS Tracker 45 3.1 Physics and Experimental Requirements . 45 3.2 The Tracker Layout . 47 3.2.1 Radiation Damage . 52 3.2.2 The Pixel Vertex Detector . 53 3.2.3 The Silicon-strip Tracker . 55 3.3 Silicon-Strip Tracker Performance . 61 3.3.1 Performance of Inner Barrel Detectors . 62 3.3.2 Performance of Outer Barrel Detectors .
    [Show full text]
  • Modified Actions for Gravity: Theory and Phenomenology
    MODIFIED ACTIONS FOR GRAVITY: THEORY AND PHENOMENOLOGY Thesis submitted for the degree of “Doctor Philosophiæ” October 2007 CANDIDATE SUPERVISORS Thomas P. Sotiriou Stefano Liberati and John Miller International School for Advanced Studies Via Beirut 2-4, 34014 Trieste, Italy. E-mail: [email protected] ii iii The important thing is not to stop questioning. Albert Einstein iv Abstract This thesis is devoted to the study of gravitational theories which can be seen as modifications or generalisations of General Relativity. The motivation for con- sidering such theories, stemming from Cosmology, High Energy Physics and As- trophysics is thoroughly discussed (cosmological problems, dark energy and dark matter problems, the lack of success so far in obtaining a successful formulation for Quantum Gravity). The basic principles which a gravitational theory should follow, and their geometrical interpretation, are analysed in a broad perspective which highlights the basic assumptions of General Relativity and suggests possi- ble modifications which might be made. A number of such possible modifications are presented, focusing on certain specific classes of theories: scalar-tensor theo- ¢¡¤£¦¥ ¢¡¤£¦¥ ries, metric ¢¡¤£¦¥ theories, Palatini theories, metric-affine theories and Gauss–Bonnet theories. The characteristics of these theories are fully explored and attention is payed to issues of dynamical equivalence between them. Also, cosmo- logical phenomenology within the realm of each of the theories is discussed and it is shown that they can potentially address the well-known cosmological problems. A number of viability criteria are presented: cosmological observations, Solar Sys- tem tests, stability criteria, existence of exact solutions for common vacuum or matter configurations etc. Finally, future perspectives in the field of modified grav- ity are discussed and the possibility for going beyond a trial-and-error approach to modified gravity is explored.
    [Show full text]
  • Jhep09(2020)142
    Published for SISSA by Springer Received: May 7, 2020 Accepted: August 25, 2020 Published: September 22, 2020 Kaluza-Klein FIMP dark matter in warped JHEP09(2020)142 extra-dimensions Nicol´asBernal,a Andrea Donini,b Miguel G. Folgadob and Nuria Riusb aCentro de Investigaciones, Universidad Antonio Nari~no, Carrera 3 Este # 47A-15, Bogot´a,Colombia bInstituto de F´ısica Corpuscular, Universidad de Valencia and CSIC, Edificio Institutos Investigaci´on,Catedr´atico Jose Beltr´an2, Paterna, 46980 Spain E-mail: [email protected], [email protected], [email protected], [email protected] Abstract: We study for the first time the case in which Dark Matter (DM) is made of Feebly Interacting Massive Particles (FIMP) interacting just gravitationally with the standard model particles in an extra-dimensional Randall-Sundrum scenario. We assume that both the dark matter and the standard model are localized in the IR-brane and only interact via gravitational mediators, namely the graviton, the Kaluza-Klein gravitons and the radion. We found that in the early Universe DM could be generated via two main processes: the direct freeze-in and the sequential freeze-in. The regions where the observed DM relic abundance is produced are largely compatible with cosmological and collider bounds. Keywords: Beyond Standard Model, Cosmology of Theories beyond the SM ArXiv ePrint: 2004.14403 Open Access, c The Authors. https://doi.org/10.1007/JHEP09(2020)142 Article funded by SCOAP3. Contents 1 Introduction1 2 Theoretical framework3 3 Dark matter production
    [Show full text]
  • P ACCUMULATOR PHYSICS Abstract Introduction·
    - P ACCUMULATOR PHYSICS Petros A. Rapidis and Gerald A. Smith Editors for The P Accumulator Physics Group· - Abstract Physics interests and possible experiments using antiprotons from the - Antiproton Accumulator in the 1990's are reviewed in the form of reports from several working subgroups, followed by a summary statement and recommendations. 1 Introduction· Approximately two dozen particle physicists assembled at Breckenridge during this workshop to consider physics that could be done using antiprotons from the An­ tiproton Accumulator during the 1990's. After initial discussions, several working subgroups were formed to consider a variety of topics of interest. The remainder of this section provides reports from these subgroups, with summary comments and recommendations at the end. Since Fermilab is only one of two possible laboratories in the world where such work can be done in the foreseeable future, we believe that it is essential that these recommendations be given serious consideration by Fermilab and its community of users. ·S. Brodsky (SLAC), J. Fry (U. of Liverpool), A.Hahn (Fermilab), S. Heppelmann (Penn­ sylvania State U.), D. Hertzog (U. of Dlinois, Champaign), D. Holtkamp (Los Alamos National Laboratory), M. Holsscheiter (Los Alamos National. Laboratory), R. Hughes (Los Alamos Na­ tional Laboratory), J. MacLachlan (Fermilab), J. Marriner (Fermilab), W. Marsh (Fermilab), G. A. Miller (U. or Washington), J. Miller (Boston U.), F. Mills (Fermilab), D. Mohl (CERN), A. Nathan (u. or Dlinois, Champaign), Y. Onel (U. or Iowa), M.G. Pia (U. or Genova), P. Rapidis (Fermilab), R. Ray (Northwestern U.), J. Rosen (Northwestern U.), G. Smith (Pennsylvania State U.), M. So••i (U.
    [Show full text]
  • Diagrammatic Presentation for the Production of Gravitons and Supersymmetry
    Modern Applied Science; Vol. 6, No. 9; 2012 ISSN 1913-1844 E-ISSN 1913-1852 Published by Canadian Center of Science and Education Diagrammatic Presentation for the Production of Gravitons and Supersymmetry AC Tahan1 1 PO Box 391987, Cambridge MA 02139, USA Correspondence: AC Tahan, PO Box 391987, Cambridge MA 02139, USA. E-mail: [email protected] Received: July 2, 2012 Accepted: August 27, 2012 Online Published: August 31, 2012 doi:10.5539/mas.v6n9p76 URL: http://dx.doi.org/10.5539/mas.v6n9p76 Abstract String experimentation has begun thanks to a novel laboratory technique that permitted the visualization of a D-brane (Tahan, 2011). Observations in experiments suggested that gravitons and related superparticles emerged due to the method. This manuscript describes the innovative technique diagrammatically. The method is shown to be useful for making particle predictions and for experimentation, particularly permitting nuclear and particle physics work including studies beyond the Standard Model to be performed on the lab bench. Keywords: Graviton, graviphoton, graviscalar (radion), strings, D-brane 1. Introduction Directing extremely low frequency radio waves with a specific amplitude (≈2 Hz (2.000-2.012 Hz) and Vp-p=4.312-4.437, predominately 4.375) toward Hydrogen, sourced from typically 20 mL highly concentrated sulfuric acid (e.g. Duda Diesel sulfuric acid (98% concd.) or 96% concd. Mallinckrodt Analytical Reagent, ACS), in a static magnetic field (approximately 2000 Gs) with a laser (Quartet Standard Laser Pointer) directed on the graphite tube (Crucible, Saed/Manfredi G40, 1.5"OD x 1.25"ID x 3.75"DP) holding the acid resulted in the appearance of a D-brane (Tahan, 2011) that resembled theorists’ predictions (Thorlacius, 1998).
    [Show full text]
  • THE BEYOND the STANDARD MODEL WORKING GROUP: Summary Report
    UCD-2002-05, SLAC-PUB-9183, UFIFT-HEP-02-11, BNL-HET-02/10 THE BEYOND THE STANDARD MODEL WORKING GROUP: Summary Report Conveners: G. AZUELOS1 , J. GUNION2 , J. HEWETT3 , G. LANDSBERG4 , K. MATCHEV5 , F. PAIGE6 , T. RIZZO3 , L. RURUA7 Additional Contributors: S. ABDULLIN8 , A. ALBERT9, B. ALLANACH10 , T. BLAZEK11 , D. CAVALLI12 , F. CHARLES9 , K. CHEUNG13 , A. DEDES14, S. DIMOPOULOS15 , H. DREINER14 , U. ELLWANGER16 , D.S. GORBUNOV17 , S. HEINEMEYER6 , I. HINCHLIFFE18 , C. HUGONIE19 , S. MORETTI10;19, G. POLESELLO20 , H. PRZYSIEZNIAK21 , P. RICHARDSON22 , L. VACAVANT18 , G. WEIGLEIN19 Additional Working Group Members: S. ASAI7, C. BALAZS23 , M. BATTAGLIA7 , G. BELANGER21 , E. BOOS24 , F. BOUDJEMA21 , H.-C. CHENG25 , A. DATTA26, A. DJOUADI26 , F. DONATO21 , R. GODBOLE27 , V. KABACHENKO28 , M. KAZAMA29 , Y. MAMBRINI26 , A. MIAGKOV7 , S. MRENNA30 , P. PANDITA31 , P. PERRODO21 , L. POGGIOLI21 , C. QUIGG30, M. SPIRA32 , A. STRUMIA10 , D. TOVEY33 , B. WEBBER34 Affiliations: 1 Department of Physics, University of Montreal and TRIUMF, Canada. 2 Department of Physics, University of California at Davis, Davis, CA, USA. 3 Stanford Linear Accelerator Center, Stanford University, Stanford, CA, USA. 4 Department of Physics, Brown University, Providence, RI, USA. 5 Department of Physics, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL, USA. 6 Brookhaven National Laboratory, Upton, NY, USA. 7 EP Division, CERN, CH–1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. 8 I.T.E.P., Moscow, Russia. 9 Groupe de Recherches en Physique des Hautes Energies, Universite´ de Haute Alsace, Mulhouse, France. 10 TH Division, CERN, CH–1211 Geneva 23, Switzerland. 11 Department of Physics and Astronomy, University of Southampton, Southampton, UK. 12 INFN, Milano, Italy. 13 National Center for Theoretical Science, National Tsing Hua University, Hsinchu, Taiwan.
    [Show full text]
  • November 1, 2003 to October 31, 2004
    REPORT OF RESEARCH ACCOMPLISHMENTS AND FUTURE GOALS FOR FY 2004 HIGH ENERGY PHYSICS *** Budget Period: November 1, 2003 to October 31, 2004 *** Grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701 . RESEARCH PROPOSAL SUBMITTED TO THE DEPARTMENT OF ENERGY Annual Budget for FY 2004 and Report of Research Accomplishments and Future Goals Grant DE-FG03-92-ER40701 *** California Institute of Technology Department of Physics Pasadena, CA 91125 *** Budget Period November 1, 2003 to October 31, 2004 Amount Requested: $6,497,000 David Hitlin Thomas A. Tombrello Professor of Physics Chair, Division of Physics, (626) 395-6694 Mathematics and Astronomy (626) 395-4241 Date: 7/3/03 Date: Richard P. Seligman Director, Sponsored Research (626) 395-6073 Date: . DOE F 4650.2 OMB Control No. (10-99) 1910-1401 (All Other Editions Are Obsolete) Office of Science (SC) (OMB Burden Disclosure Statement on Back) Face Page TITLE OF PROPOSED RESEARCH: Report of Research Accomplishments and Future Goals for FY04 High Energy Physics 1. CATALOG OF FEDERAL DOMESTIC ASSISTANCE #: 8. ORGANIZATION TYPE: 81.049 _ Local Govt. _ State Govt. _ Non-Profit _ Hospital 2. CONGRESSIONAL DISTRICT: _ Indian Tribal Govt. _ Individual Applicant Organization's District: 27th _ Other X Inst. of Higher Educ. Project Site's District: 27th, SLAC, Fermilab, CERN _ For-Profit _ Small Business _ Disadvan. Business 3. I.R.S. ENTITY IDENTIFICATION OR SSN: _ Women-Owned _ 8(a) 95-1643303 9. CURRENT DOE AWARD # (IF APPLICABLE): 4. AREA OF RESEARCH OR ANNOUNCEMENT TITLE/#: DE-FG03-92-ER40701 High Energy Physics 10. WILL THIS RESEARCH INVOLVE: 10A .Human Subjects X No _ If yes 5.
    [Show full text]
  • Fishing for New Physics with Massive Neutral Dibosons
    Fishing for New Physics with Massive Neutral Dibosons: Measurements of ZZ Production Cross Section and the Search for Invisible Higgs Boson Decays Beyond the Standard Model with the CMS Detector at the !HC by Matthew Ervin Chasco #S# in Physics and $%%lied Mathematics& University of (isconsin-Milwau*ee M.S# in Physics, Northeastern University $ dissertation submitted to The Faculty of the College of Science of Northeastern University in %artial ful,llment of the requirements for the degree of Doctor of Philoso%hy December ./& 0/.1 Dissertation directed by Darien (ood Professor of Physics Acknowledgements I would ,rst li*e to than* my advisor& Professor Darien (ood& for his su%%ort and all that I have learned from him over the %ast few years# The content of this thesis would not have been %ossible without his thoughtful in%ut and guidance. I would li*e to ex%ress my gratitude to the other members of my Thesis Committee, Professor George Alverson& Professor Emanuela Barberis, and Professor Pran Nath# It has been a %rivilege wor*ing with and learning from all of them# I would also li*e to than* my collaborators from Northeastern University and CMS# In %articular, I4d li*e to than* Doctor Tim Co2& Doctor Daniele +rocino, 5en)Jie (ang, Professor +oyoko 7rimoto& Rafael de !ima& Doctor Andrew Kubi* and en Kna%%# S%ecial than*s go to Doctor Darin Baumgartel& Doctor 3regory Peim& Doctor Jin9hong Zhang& Doctor Sujeet $*ula& and David Nash for being such good friends as well as collaborators during our time together in Boston# I would also li*e to than* Professor !uis Anchordoqui for his great lectures and encouragement in undergrad# I am grateful to my family for sha%ing me into who I am& and fostering an in) terest in science, especially my %arents Robin Chasco and Corinne Heltemes and my grand%arents Joanne and "rvin Heltemes.
    [Show full text]
  • Gravitational Signature of Matter-Antimatter Interaction
    Journal of Modern Physics, 2015, 6, 201-213 Published Online February 2015 in SciRes. http://www.scirp.org/journal/jmp http://dx.doi.org/10.4236/jmp.2015.63026 Gravitational Signature of Matter-Antimatter Interaction Shawqi Al Dallal1, Walid J. Azzam2, Mar de Fez1 1College of Graduate Studies and Research, Ahlia University, Manama, Bahrain 2Department of Physics, College of Science, University of Bahrain, Sakhir, Bahrain Email: [email protected] Received 29 January 2015; accepted 16 February 2015; published 25 February 2015 Copyright © 2015 by authors and Scientific Research Publishing Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution International License (CC BY). http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ Abstract The gravitational signature of antimatter has received growing interest during the past few dec- ades. Much of the theoretical work in ordinary tensor gravity rules out any difference in the gra- vitational interaction of matter and antimatter. Fundamental principles and theoretical models describing the nature of matter and antimatter are reviewed. The implication of a probable repul- sive field between matter and antimatter and its far reaching consequences on certain cosmic is- sues, such as the early phase of the Big Bang, the Hawking radiation, virtual particle production and annihilations, are discussed. Experiments designed to probe the gravitational signature of an- timatter are reviewed, and a new space-borne experiment to probe the nature of matter-antimatter interactions is proposed. Keywords Antimatter, Gravitation, Interactions 1. Introduction The discovery of the positron, following the theoretical work of Dirac in 1932 [1] [2], marked a new era in our understanding of the world of particles.
    [Show full text]
  • Kaluza Klein Spectra from Compactified
    University of Amsterdam MSc Physics Theory Master Thesis Kaluza Klein Spectra from Compactified and Warped Extra Dimensions by Anna Gimbr`ere 0513652 March 2014 54 ECTS Research conducted between April 2013 and March 2014 Supervisor: Examiner: Dr. Ben Freivogel Dr. Alejandra Castro Institute of Theoretical Physics in Amsterdam Abstract Extra dimensions provide a very useful tool for physics beyond the standard model, particularly in the quest for unification of the forces. In this thesis we explore several interesting models and aspects of extra dimensions that could help in the formulation of a viable theory. Motivated by String/ M-theory, we are especially interested in models that can describe both the observable 4-dimensional (4D) world and an extra dimensional space, consisting of 6 or 7 compactified dimensions. We discuss the basics of extra dimensions, including compactification, dimensional reduction and the general calculation of the Kaluza Klein mass spectrum. We then specialize to three interesting models of extra dimensions and calculate the energy scale at which the Kaluza Klein modes should become visible. We show how the ADD scenario and the Randall Sun- drum scenario describe a universe containing branes to confine our observable world and solve the hierarchy problem between the fundamental scales. Within the Randall Sundrum scenarios, we cover the subjects of localization of gravity, the KK spectrum and stability issues. In the last chapter we consider solutions to Freund-Rubin universes in which the extra dimensions are naturally compactified by an extra-dimensional flux field. Solutions to a similar setup have led to interesting models like the Kinoshita ansatz.
    [Show full text]