On the Development of Affordable Space Travel
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A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Aerospace Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 830536, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/830536 Review Article A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles Oleg Nizhnik ERATO Maenaka Human-Sensing Fusion Project, 8111, Shosha 2167, Hyogo-ken, Himeji-shi, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Oleg Nizhnik, [email protected] Received 17 February 2012; Revised 6 April 2012; Accepted 16 April 2012 Academic Editor: Kenneth M. Sobel Copyright © 2012 Oleg Nizhnik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author reviews the state of art of nonrocket launch assistance systems (LASs) for spaceflight focusing on air launch options. The author proposes an alternative technologically feasible LAS based on a combination of approaches: air launch, high-altitude balloon, and tethered LAS. Proposed LAS can be implemented with the existing off-the-shelf hardware delivering 7 kg to low-earth orbit for the 5200 USD per kg. Proposed design can deliver larger reduction in price and larger orbital payloads with the future advances in the aerostats, ropes, electrical motors, and terrestrial power networks. 1. Introduction point to the progress in the orbital delivery systems for these additional payload classes. Spaceflight is the mature engineering discipline—54 years old as of 2012. But seemingly paradoxically, it still relies solely 2. Overview of Previously Proposed LAS on the hardware and methodology developed in the very beginning of the spaceflight era. Modernly, still heavily-used A lot of proposals have been made to implement nonrocket Soyuz launch vehicle systems (LVSs) are the evolutionary LASandarelistedinTable 1. -
An Overview of Advanced Concepts for Launch 5B
Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. 1. REPORT DATE (DD-MM-YYYY) 2. REPORT TYPE 3. DATES COVERED (From - To) 09-02-2012 Briefing Charts 4. TITLE AND SUBTITLE 5a. CONTRACT NUMBER An Overview of Advanced Concepts for Launch 5b. GRANT NUMBER 5c. PROGRAM ELEMENT NUMBER 6. AUTHOR(S) 5d. PROJECT NUMBER Marcus Young and Jason Mossman 5f. WORK UNIT NUMBER 50260542 7. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 8. PERFORMING ORGANIZATION REPORT NUMBER Air Force Research Laboratory (AFMC) AFRL/RZSA 10 E. Saturn Blvd. Edwards AFB CA 93524-7680 9. SPONSORING / MONITORING AGENCY NAME(S) AND ADDRESS(ES) 10. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S ACRONYM(S) Air Force Research Laboratory (AFMC) AFRL/RZS 11. SPONSOR/MONITOR’S 5 Pollux Drive NUMBER(S) Edwards AFB CA 93524-7048 AFRL-RZ-ED-VG-2012-030 12. -
A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles
Hindawi Publishing Corporation International Journal of Aerospace Engineering Volume 2012, Article ID 830536, 10 pages doi:10.1155/2012/830536 Review Article A Low-Cost Launch Assistance System for Orbital Launch Vehicles Oleg Nizhnik ERATO Maenaka Human-Sensing Fusion Project, 8111, Shosha 2167, Hyogo-ken, Himeji-shi, Japan Correspondence should be addressed to Oleg Nizhnik, [email protected] Received 17 February 2012; Revised 6 April 2012; Accepted 16 April 2012 Academic Editor: Kenneth M. Sobel Copyright © 2012 Oleg Nizhnik. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited. The author reviews the state of art of nonrocket launch assistance systems (LASs) for spaceflight focusing on air launch options. The author proposes an alternative technologically feasible LAS based on a combination of approaches: air launch, high-altitude balloon, and tethered LAS. Proposed LAS can be implemented with the existing off-the-shelf hardware delivering 7 kg to low-earth orbit for the 5200 USD per kg. Proposed design can deliver larger reduction in price and larger orbital payloads with the future advances in the aerostats, ropes, electrical motors, and terrestrial power networks. 1. Introduction point to the progress in the orbital delivery systems for these additional payload classes. Spaceflight is the mature engineering discipline—54 years old as of 2012. But seemingly paradoxically, it still relies solely 2. Overview of Previously Proposed LAS on the hardware and methodology developed in the very beginning of the spaceflight era. Modernly, still heavily-used A lot of proposals have been made to implement nonrocket Soyuz launch vehicle systems (LVSs) are the evolutionary LASandarelistedinTable 1. -
Design Considerations for the Multi-Stage Space Elevator
International Space Elevator Consortium ISEC Position Paper # 2019-1 Design Considerations for the Multi-stage Space Elevator John M. Knapman Peter Glaskowsky Dan Gleeson Vern Hall Dennis Wright Michael Fitzgerald Peter A. Swan International Space Elevator Consortium ISEC Position Paper 2019-1 Design Considerations for the Multi-stage Space Elevator International Space Elevator Consortium Spring 2019 Authors: John M. Knapman Peter Glaskowsky, Dan Gleeson, Vern Hall, Dennis Wright, Michael Fitzgerald, Peter Swan Design Considerations for the Multi-stage Space Elevator Copyright © 2019 by: John M. Knapman All rights reserved, including the rights to reproduce this manuscript or portions thereof in any form. Published by Lulu.com [email protected] 978-0-359-33232-8 Printed in the United States of America 2 International Space Elevator Consortium 3 International Space Elevator Consortium Preface The International Space Elevator Consortium vision is to have: “A World with inexpensive, safe, routine, and efficient access to space for the benefit of all mankind.” One of the beautiful aspects of working in future engineering concepts and architectures is that you stretch out into the unknown. The challenges that are facing space elevator development are real, and sometimes intimidating. However, the team that has assembled to take on these challenges is quite remarkable. Our chief architect is laying out a preliminary baseline with technological challenges identified with verification and validation testing shown for each major segment. In addition, alternative approaches are presented so that the development team can assess where it should head. Many of these potential approaches are to enable technologies and designs that could lead to earlier development. -
Advanced and Unconventional Earth-To-Orbit Transportation Concepts
ADVANCED AND UNCONVENTIONAL EARTH-TO-ORBIT TRANSPORTATION CONCEPTS Robert H. Frisbee Soon to be Retired Jet Propulsion Laboratory As of 9-25-09, Home contact info: 4837 Alminar Ave., La Canada CA 91011 (818) 790-0508, FAX (818) 790-9678 [email protected] Presented at the Advanced Earth-to-Orbit Transportation Workshop National Institute of Aerospace Hampton VA 23667 September 3, 2009 OUTLINE • Introduction to the Problem • Focus Categories • Increasing Isp • Reducing system mass • Breakthrough physics • Reducing system costs • Evolutionary (incremental) versus Revolutionary • Infrastructure-Rich Systems • Beamed Energy (Laser, Microwave) • Launch Assist Catapults • Non-Propulsive (Tethers, Skyhooks, Towers) • Breakthrough Physics • Minimal-Infrastructure Systems • Advanced High Energy Density Matter (HEDM) Chemical • Nuclear • Aerial refueling • Summary and Recommendations 1 Introduction THE PROBLEM: LAUNCH COSTS > $10,000/kg GOAL: Reduce Costs Examples from the 1990s 2 Introduction THE PROBLEM: MISSION CAPABILITY GOAL: Enable New / Impossible Missions Mission V vs Propulsion Energy Density Mb /Mo = EXP( –V/Vex ) = EXP( –V/Isp ) You Are Here 2 2 3 2 E = M Vex = M Isp Introduction THE PROBLEM: NEED ADVANCED PROPULSION TECHNOLOGY BUT - IT TAKES TAKES TIME AND $$$ • Typically takes decades to go from concept to flight • Basic research often tied to grad student life cycle (e.g., 4+ years) • Costs dramatically increase over development life • $100K for "paper" studies, basic research -> $100M for space flight demo • Flight demos (e.g., New -
Advanced Propulsion Study
This document is made available through the declassification efforts and research of John Greenewald, Jr., creator of: The Black Vault The Black Vault is the largest online Freedom of Information Act (FOIA) document clearinghouse in the world. The research efforts here are responsible for the declassification of hundreds of thousands of pages released by the U.S. Government & Military. Discover the Truth at: http://www.theblackvault.com DTIC Copy AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2004-0024 AFRL-PR-ED-TR-2004-0024 Advanced Propulsion Study Eric W. Davis Warp Drive Metrics 4849 San Rafael Ave. Las Vegas, NV 89120 September 2004 Special Report APPROVED FOR PUBLIC RELEASE; DISTRIBUTION UNLIMITED. AIR FORCE RESEARCH LABORATORY AIR FORCE MATERIEL COMMAND EDWARDS AIR FORCE BASE CA 93524-7048 Form Approved REPORT DOCUMENTATION PAGE OMB No. 0704-0188 Public reporting burden for this collection of information is estimated to average 1 hour per response, including the time for reviewing instructions, searching existing data sources, gathering and maintaining the data needed, and completing and reviewing this collection of information. Send comments regarding this burden estimate or any other aspect of this collection of information, including suggestions for reducing this burden to Department of Defense, Washington Headquarters Services, Directorate for Information Operations and Reports (0704-0188), 1215 Jefferson Davis Highway, Suite 1204, Arlington, VA 22202-4302. Respondents should be aware that notwithstanding any other provision of law, no person shall be subject to any penalty for failing to comply with a collection of information if it does not display a currently valid OMB control number. PLEASE DO NOT RETURN YOUR FORM TO THE ABOVE ADDRESS. -
Glossary of Nanotechnology Terms
Glossary of Nanotechnology Terms [A-C] [D-F] [G-I] [J-M] [N-O] [P-R] [S-T] [U-Z] A through C (top) ACE Paste: Atomspheric Carbon Extractor. Harvests the greenhouse gases for Carbon, to be used for diamondoid fabrication. Larger than most pastebots, because it has to be collectible afterwards. A well-designed paste could harvest 100X or more its empty weight. ACE Paste may not be necessary, because large fixed installations might be more efficient. [uhf] Adensoine Triphosphate [ATP]: A chemical compound that functions as fuel for biomolecular nanotechnology having the formula, C10H16N5O13P3. [Encyclopedia Nanotech] Assembler: A general-purpose device for molecular manufacturing capable of guiding chemical reactions by positioning molecules. A molecular machine that can be programmed to build virtually any molecular structure or device from simpler chemical building blocks. Analogous to a computer-driven machine shop.[FS] Atomic Force Microscope: (AFM) an instrument able to image surfaces to molecular accuracy by mechanically probing their surface contours. A kind of proximal probe. .... A device in which the deflection of a sharp stylus mounted on a soft spring is monitored as the stylus is moved across a surface. If the deflection is kept constant by moving the surface up and down by measured increments, the result (under favorable conditions) is an atomic-resolution topographic map of the surface. Also termed a scanning force microscope. [FS] See How AFM Works, What is an Atomic Force Microscope? and Window on a Small World Atomic Manipulation: Manipulating atoms, typically with the tip of an STM. Atomistic Simultations: Atomic motion computer simulations of macromolecular systems are increasingly becoming an essential part of materials science and nanotechnology. -
Space Exploration & Space Colonization Handbook
Space Exploration & Space Colonization Handbook By USI, United Space Industries © Space Exploration & Space Colonization Handbook, 2018. This document lists the work that is involved in space exploration & space colonization. To find out more about a topic search ACOS, Australian Computer Operating System, scan the internet, go to a university library, go to a state library or look for some encyclopedia's & we recommend Encyclopedia Britannica. Eventually PAA, Pan Aryan Associations will be established for each field of space work listed below & these Pan Aryan Associations will research, develop, collaborate, innovate & network. 5 Worlds Elon Musk Could Colonize In The Solar System 10 Exoplanets That Could Host Alien Life 10 Major Players in the Private Sector Space Race 10 Radical Ideas To Colonize Our Solar System - Listverse 10 Space Myths We Need to Stop Believing | IFLScience 100 Year Starship 2001 Mars Odyssey 25 years in orbit: A celebration of the Hubble Space Telescope Recent Patents on Space Technology A Brief History of Time A Brown Dwarf Closer than Centauri A Critical History of Electric Propulsion: The First 50 Years A Few Inferences from the General Theory of Relativity. Einstein, Albert. 1920. Relativity: A Generation Ship - How big would it be? A More Efficient Spacecraft Engine | MIT Technology Review A New Thruster Pushes Against Virtual Particles! A Space Habitat Design A Superluminal Subway: The Krasnikov Tube A Survey of Nuclear Propulsion Technologies for Space Application A Survival Imperative for Space Colonization - The New York Times A `warp drive with more reasonable total energy requirements A new Mechanical Antigravity concept DeanSpaceDrive.Org A-type main-sequence star A.M. -
1 Aerospace Engineering
First Edition, 2012 ISBN 978-81-323-4618-0 © All rights reserved. Published by: The English Press 4735/22 Prakashdeep Bldg, Ansari Road, Darya Ganj, Delhi - 110002 Email: [email protected] Table of Contents Chapter 1 - Aerospace Engineering Chapter 2 - Flight Dynamics Chapter 3 - Aerodynamics Chapter 4 - Spacecraft Propulsion Chapter 5 - Spacecraft Chapter- 1 Aerospace Engineering Aerospace engineer NASA engineers, like the ones depicted in Apollo 13, worked diligently to protect the lives of the astronauts on the mission. Occupation engineer Names aerospace engineer Type profession Activity sectors aeronautics, astronautics, science Description technical knowledge, Competencies management skills Fields of employment technology, science, military Aerospace engineering is the branch of engineering behind the design, construction and science of aircraft and spacecraft. It is broken into two major and overlapping branches: aeronautical engineering and astronautical engineering. The former deals with craft that stay within Earth's atmosphere, and the latter deals with craft that operate outside of Earth's atmosphere. While aeronautical engineering was the original term, the broader "aerospace" has superseded it in usage, as flight technology advanced to include craft operating in outer space. Aerospace engineering, particularly the astronautics branch, is often informally called rocket science. Overview Flight vehicles undergo severe conditions such as differences in atmospheric pressure, and temperature, with structural loads applied upon vehicle components. Consequently, they are usually the products of various technological and engineering disciplines including aerodynamics, propulsion, avionics, materials science, structural analysis and manufacturing. These technologies are collectively known as aerospace engineering. Because of the complexity of the field, aerospace engineering is conducted by a team of engineers, each specializing in their own branches of science.