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Delft University of Technology Radio Spectrum Management Delft University of Technology Radio spectrum management: from government to governance Analysis of the role of government in the management of radio spectrum Anker, Peter DOI 10.4233/uuid:6a75532e-e5df-4ad0-a984-e24639462676 Publication date 2018 Document Version Final published version Citation (APA) Anker, P. (2018). Radio spectrum management: from government to governance: Analysis of the role of government in the management of radio spectrum. https://doi.org/10.4233/uuid:6a75532e-e5df-4ad0-a984- e24639462676 Important note To cite this publication, please use the final published version (if applicable). Please check the document version above. Copyright Other than for strictly personal use, it is not permitted to download, forward or distribute the text or part of it, without the consent of the author(s) and/or copyright holder(s), unless the work is under an open content license such as Creative Commons. Takedown policy Please contact us and provide details if you believe this document breaches copyrights. We will remove access to the work immediately and investigate your claim. This work is downloaded from Delft University of Technology. For technical reasons the number of authors shown on this cover page is limited to a maximum of 10. Radio spectrum management: Anker from government to governance - Peter Radio spectrum management: from government to governance Analysis of the role of government in the management of radio spectrum Peter Anker Radio spectrum management: from government to governance Analysis of the role of government in the management of radio spectrum Proefschrift ter verkrijging van de graad van doctor aan de Technische Universiteit Delft, op gezag van de Rector Magnificus prof.dr.ir T.H.J.J. van der Hagen, voorzitter van het College voor Promoties, in het openbaar te verdedigen op maandag 7 mei 2018 om 15:00 uur door Peter Dagmar Corstiaan ANKER Elektrotechnisch Ingenieur, Technische Universiteit Delft, Nederland geboren te Haarlem, Nederland Dit proefschrift is goedgekeurd door de promotoren. Samenstelling promotiecommissie bestaat uit: Rector Magnificus voorzitter Prof.dr. J.P.M. Groenewegen Technische Universiteit Delft, promotor Dr.ir. W. Lemstra Nyenrode Business Universiteit, copromotor Onafhankelijke leden: Prof.dr. J.F.M. Koppenjan Erasmus Universiteit Rotterdam Prof.dr. T.A.J. Toonen Universiteit Twente Prof.dr. M.J.G. van Eeten Technische Universiteit Delft Prof.dr.ir. I.G.M.M. Niemegeers Technische Universiteit Eindhoven Prof.dr. W.H. Melody Universiteit Aalborg, Denemarken Prof.dr. R.W. Künneke Technische Universiteit Delft, reservelid ISBN 978-90-828481-0-6 © Peter Anker, 2018 Preface The idea of performing PhD research already arose communications and frequency management. In in 1988 when I graduated as an electrical engineer in 2003, the department on Telecommunications and the field of avionics at the Technical University in Post was transferred to the ministry of Economic Delft. My supervisors, prof. Goldbohm and prof. Affairs and I transferred with it. Haber tried to convince me to continue doing research after my graduation. I decided to follow I have been working in this field ever since. As being their advice, but not as a PhD student but as a one of the few electrical engineers at the ministry, researcher at PTT Research Neher Laboratories. I became a specialist at the cutting edge of With that decision I made a shift from avionics to technology and regulations. In 2005, I was one of the radiocommunications, a field of expertise that has main authors of a new Radio Spectrum Memoran- always fascinated me and it still does. dum in which we tried to reformulate radio spectrum policy to cope with a combination of technological As a researcher I came to the conclusion that developments (i.a. mobile broadband and ultra wide technology in itself is for me not an objective, band), market developments (i.a. the rise of mobile technology is for me a means to accomplish internet) and further liberalization. After the something else. When I realized that, I decided to publication of that Radio Spectrum Memorandum, make another shift, first to education and later to the a new project started on the implementation of this ministry of Transport as a policy advisor on mobile “Success is being in charge of your lifestyle and creating something you’re proud of, surrounded by people you love” Troye Sivan, Australian Singer/Songwriter, 2017 4 | Radio spectrum management: from government to governance newly formulated policy. This project involved management and to Daniel Scholten and Marloes, discussions with the stakeholders. who stimulated me to come to Delft and share a desk to work on my thesis for one day a week and At one of these occasions I met Wolter Lemstra. occasionally some longer periods when I could take a His questions on our policy rewoke the researcher leave from my daily work. A very special thanks goes to in me. In the discussions with him, I said that as a Vic Hayes, the “father of Wi-Fi”, whom I met at the policy maker you are somewhat bounded in your section. analysis and solutions, and that it would be a good idea to have a more fundamental analysis. I added I would like to thank the ministry of Economic to that if he wanted to perform such an analysis Affairs for supporting me all those years. A special I was very much willing to participate in that effort. thanks goes to Marjolijn Sonnema, who enabled me to start this project and Heleen Uijt de Haag who Wolter then asked me if I could give a presentation on was very interested and supportive. She stimulated the fundamental problems behind spectrum manage - me to finish it. I also should thank all my colleagues ment to the section Economics of Infrastructure, who were very understanding and encouraging. Faculty Technology, Policy and Management at the TU Delft. The presentation went very well and I was asked There are many participants of the Nationaal if I could convert this presentation into a PhD FrequentiebeleidsOverleg and the CRPlatform whom research proposal. Of course, I accepted and devoted I thank for their support in the discussions. A special much of 2008 to write a research proposal. One of the thanks goes to Koen Mioulet, one of the co-founders main reasons that I could accept that offer was that at of the CRPlatform and to Jan Kruys with whom I had that time, my two kids were becoming a bit older, the opportunity to work together on the subject of giving me a bit more time for myself which allowed generic regulations for license-exempt spectrum. me to do research next to my daily work at the ministry. Another important reason was that I felt at I also have to thank many international colleagues, home at the section. John Groenewegen, Rolf especially those at COST TERRA. They provided me Künneke, the heads of the section, and the rest of an opportunity to present, discuss and develop my staff and PhD students were very friendly and created ideas on the regulation on Cognitive Radio. I very a stimulating environment. I will never forget the much liked the workshops in these open settings. Friday morning sessions with a presentation and the A special word of thanks goes to Arturas Medeisis, round of questions followed by an answering and Keith Nolan, Oliver Holland, Marja Matinmikko, discussion session. They gave me, in the first years of Simon Deleare, Matthias Barrie and Leo Fulvio my research, a unique opportunity to learn more Minervini which whom I worked closest together. about economics of infrastructure and scientific I especially have to thank Oliver who provided me enquiry. Last but not least, I got support from my the opportunity to give a lecture during a summer work to perform PhD Research. They gave me the school on Cognitive Radio at Kings College in London. opportunity to spend one day per week on research. I also have to thank Joy Farmer, who provided me I would like to thank Richard, Aad, Jean Francois, the motivation and the energy to take the last steps Wouter, Delphine, Christine and all the others who in this long journey. Finally, I have to thank the ones were present at these Friday morning sessions for that are dearest to me, my wife Birgitta, my daughter insightful and stimulating discussions. A special Eva and my son Bastiaan. Without their love and thanks goes to Rajan Akalu, with whom I had quite a support I could never have made this journey. few discussions on the essence of radio spectrum Preface | 5 I realize that if you make a summary of all those who supported me in this journey there will always be people that you forget. Therefore, to all those anonymous people: thanks! The trust and (moral) support I received from everyone I mentioned, but also of everyone I forgot, was a source of inspiration and motivation for me. This journey was long and sometimes tiresome, but I’m proud that I was able to succeed it. It brought me a lot and I wouldn’t want to miss it. Success is a journey, not a destination. The doing is often more important than the outcome. (Arthur Ashe, American athlete) 6 | Radio spectrum management: from government to governance Table of contents Preface 3 1 Introduction 11 1.1 The historical role of government 12 1.2 Alternative radio spectrum management approaches 15 1.2.1 A radio spectrum management approach based on property rights 15 1.2.2 A radio spectrum management approach based on unlicensed access 16 1.2.3 The merits of both approaches and the remaining issue 17 1.3 Emerging technology as an additional challenge 19 1.4 Research question 20 2 Theoretical
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