China 2019 Crime & Safety Report: Wuhan
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
China 2019 Crime & Safety Report: Wuhan This is an annual report produced in conjunction with the Regional Security Office at the U.S. Consulate General in Wuhan, China. The current U.S. Department of State Travel Advisory at the date of this report’s publication assesses China at Level 2, indicating travelers should exercise increased caution due to arbitrary enforcement of local laws as well as special restrictions on dual U.S.-Chinese nationals. Overall Crime and Safety Situation The U.S. Consulate General in Wuhan does not assume responsibility for the professional ability or integrity of the persons or firms appearing in this report. The American Citizen Services (ACS) Unit cannot recommend a particular individual or establishment and assumes no responsibility for the quality of services provided. Review OSAC’s China-specific webpage proprietary analytic reports, Consular Messages, and contact information. Crime Threats There is minimal risk from crime in Wuhan. Cybersecurity Issues The Chinese government strictly controls and monitors the Internet. Many popular services and websites (Google, Twitter, and Facebook) are blocked. Viruses, malware, and other malicious software are common. WeChat and other alternative Chinese applications are nearly ubiquitous; however, they have built-in features that allow the Chinese government to monitor and censor messages, read the device’s address book, access photos, track the user’s current location, and even activate the microphone or camera. Other Areas of Concern Counterfeit currency is less of concern because of the increasing use of smartphones for digital payments, but some counterfeiting, especially 100 RMB notes, continues. For more information, see the OSAC Report Common China Scams. Transportation-Safety Situation Road Safety and Road Conditions Road conditions in Wuhan and the surrounding cities are generally good; in contrast, driving conditions in rural areas are usually poor. Avoid driving outside the city after dark due to poor lighting and road hazards, including stopped vehicles and other obstructions. The greatest road hazard remains the Chinese driver. Drivers are often either overly cautious or aggressive, resulting in numerous accidents every day. Drivers rarely adhere to traffic laws, and China 2017 OSAC Crime & Safety Report: Wuhan policing occurs remotely by video camera (mainly through speed traps). Yielding to oncoming traffic/pedestrians and signaling one’s intentions in advance are virtually unheard of. Traffic signals are absent at key locations, stop signs are often non-existent, and road closures are poorly marked, if at all. Incidents of individuals driving while impaired are also relatively common. In traffic accidents involving expatriates, the expatriate is often at fault, regardless of the actual cause. Do not to argue with another party involved in a traffic accident, regardless of responsibility. Do not overreact to aggressive driving by local nationals; attempt to defuse the situation in a safe and timely manner. Electric scooters are numerous and maneuver through any available gap in traffic, often without any engine noise to signal their presence. Delivery scooter drivers, wanting to make the quickest delivery, often drive down crowded sidewalks and completely disregard traffic lights or other traffic regulations. At night, operators of electric scooters and bicycles often do not turn on lights to indicate their presence. During inclement weather, Chinese drivers do not slow down to match the conditions. Accident rates increase during heavy rain and skyrocket during incidents of snow. Public Transportation Conditions Taxis are inexpensive and relatively reliable. Use marked cabs, and avoid unofficial cabs. Do not negotiate the price of a trip; if the taxi driver refuses to use the meter, take a different taxi. Ride sharing services are popular. The most common Chinese ride sharing service in Wuhan is Didi. You can configure the Didi app for English-language use and for U.S. credit cards. Most Didi cars at the Premier level have seatbelts, whereas regular taxis do not. Public transportation in Wuhan is modern and extensive. Buses, subways, and taxis are of relatively new design. However, they are often crowded. Wuhan has three train stations with numerous destinations throughout China. The G-series high- speed trains are safe and rarely delayed. Aviation/Airport Conditions There are numerous domestic and international flights out of Wuhan’s International Airport (WUH). As with much of mainland China, flight delays are common, especially in the afternoon and evening. Terrorism Threat There is minimal risk from terrorism in Wuhan. China’s domestic counterterrorism efforts remain primarily focused against the East Turkestan Islamic Movement (ETIM, also known as the East Turkestan Islamic Party, or ETIP), a Pakistan-based terrorist group, which seeks independence for the Xinjiang Uighur Autonomous Region (XUAR) of northwestern China. In public statements, Chinese government officials have singled out the “Three Evils” of extremism, separatism, and terrorism in Xinjiang as the main terrorist threat to the nation and characterized Uighur discontent as terrorist activity. Human rights organizations maintain that China uses counterterrorism as a pretext to suppress Uighurs, a predominantly Muslim ethnic group comprising a large percentage of the population in Xinjiang. The lack of transparency and information provided by Chinese authorities and media about alleged terrorist incidents greatly complicates efforts to verify the details of those and other violent 2 China 2017 OSAC Crime & Safety Report: Wuhan acts. In many of the domestic incidents labeled as terrorism, China alleges that ETIM influenced or directed the violence through its online propaganda. The government prevents foreign journalists and international observers from independently verifying official media accounts, which are often the only source of reporting on violent incidents in its territory. Political, Economic, Religious, and Ethnic Violence Civil Unrest There is minimal risk from civil unrest in Wuhan. Police are generally quick to react to violent outbreaks, sometimes using force to subdue disturbances. The government remains focused on maintaining social stability and preventing civil unrest over economic and social grievances. Protests outside of official U.S. facilities occur occasionally, but gatherings are typically small, relatively peaceful, and generally focused against the Chinese government. Geopolitical events often influence the occurrence of political demonstrations, but such demonstrations are rarely out of the control of Chinese security services. Post-specific Concerns Environmental Hazards In 2016, Wuhan experienced significant flooding. At least 180 people in the central provinces died during the flooding due to heavy rains. Wuhan’s Central Business District was impassable for two days, and guests at a major U.S.-brand hotel evacuated by boat. Critical Infrastructure Accidents and fatalities continue to plague China’s heavy industries. Worker safety and quality assurance are lacking. Economic Concerns Several U.S. firms have complained about theft of intellectual property, and at least one is pursuing legal action in Chinese courts. Many of the foreign prisoners in Wuhan’s consular district are incarcerated for business- and financial-related crimes. A lack of transparency regarding business practices is as a danger for foreigners who wish to conduct business in China. Privacy Concerns Maintain no reasonable expectation of privacy in public or private locations. The Consulate regularly receives reports of human and technical monitoring of U.S. private businesspersons and visiting U.S. citizens. The areas around U.S. and other foreign diplomatic facilities and residences are under overt physical and video surveillance: dozens of security personnel are outside of facilities and around residences; video cameras are visible throughout diplomatic quarters (offices and residential neighborhoods). Overt microphones and video cameras are common in taxis. All hotel rooms and offices are subject to on-site or remote technical monitoring. Authorities access hotel rooms, residences, and offices without the occupants’ consent/knowledge. Elevators and public areas of housing compounds are under continuous surveillance. 3 China 2017 OSAC Crime & Safety Report: Wuhan Consulate employees must avoid discussing sensitive information in their homes, vehicles, or offices. Members of the private sector should take similar precautions to safeguard sensitive, personal, and proprietary information. Authorities monitor all means of communication (e.g. telephones, mobile phones, faxes, e-mails, text messages). The Chinese government has access to the infrastructure operated by the limited number of Internet Service Providers (ISPs) and wireless providers operating in the country. Wireless access to the Internet in major metropolitan areas is becoming more and more common. As such, the Chinese can access official and personal computers more easily. The Chinese government has publicly declared that it regularly monitors private e-mail and Internet browsing through cooperation with local ISPs. Some bloggers are subject to particular scrutiny; authorities often carefully monitor such activity and, depending upon the subject matter, block it. Kidnapping Threat Kidnappings occur mostly over business disputes; one might better categorize them as “unlawful detentions,” often in the office