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Paginas 1 a 6 Paginas 1 Estudio de Cainotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) del Mioceno Medio de Alameda de Osuna (provincia de Madrid) Study of Cainotherium (Artiodactyla, Mammalia) from the Middle Miocene of Alameda de Osuna (province of Madrid) Alejandra Alarcón1 & M. Ángeles Álvarez-Sierra2 ALARCÓN, A. & ÁLVAREZ-SIERRA, M.A. 2009. Estudio de Cainotherium (Artiodactila, Mammalia) del Mioceno Medio de Alameda de Osuna (provincia de Madrid). Coloquios de Palaeontología, 59: 29-59. Resumen: Se estudian y describen 130 restos dentales aislados, un fragmento de maxilar y cuatro fragmentos hemi- mandibulares de Cainotherium de un nuevo yacimiento, Alameda de Osuna, del Aragoniense medio de la Cuenca de Madrid. El estudio realizado ha permitido determinar la presencia de una especie de Cainotherium de talla pequeña que se cita por primera vez en el registro español, Cainotherium cf. huerzeleri HEIZMANN, 1983 y correlacionar este nivel con los yacimientos del área urbana de Madrid pertenecientes a la MN5 (zona local D). Palabras clave: Cainotherium, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, Neógeno, Mioceno medio, Aragoniense medio, Cuenca de Madrid. Abstract: 130 isolated dental remains, one maxilar and four mandibular portions of Cainotherium have been described and studied from Alameda de Osuna, Middle Aragonian of the Madrid Basin. This study has allowed to confirm the presence of one small size Cainotherium specie cited for the first time in the Spanish record, Cainotherium cf. huerzeleri. Alameda de Osuna has been correlated to other Madrid sites belonging to the MN5 (local zone D). Key words: Cainotherium, Artiodactyla, Mammalia, Neogene, Middle Miocene, Middle Aragonian, Madrid Basin. INTRODUCCIÓN Francia (BRAVARD, 1835; POMEL, 1846; 1853; FILHOL, 1877; 1879; VIRET, 1929; ROMAN & VIRET, 1934; HÜRZELER, 1936; BAUDELOT & Cainotherium BRAVARD, 1828 es un artio- CROUZEL, 1974; GINSBURG et al., 2000; dáctilo de tamaño muy pequeño, endémico de BERTHET, 2003), Alemania (BERGER, 1959; Europa Occidental (Península Ibérica, HEIZMANN, 1983) y Suiza (VON MEYER, 1837). Francia, Suiza y Alemania) con una distribu- Aunque Cainotherium ha sido citado en ción estratigráfica comprendida entre el numerosas ocasiones en el Mioceno de las Oligoceno superior (MP28) y el Mioceno cuencas continentales españolas (incluso es medio (MN6). Han sido numerosos los abundante en algunos yacimientos) y escasa- hallazgos y citas de este pequeño artiodáctilo mente en el Oligoceno, es uno de los artiodác- en los yacimientos oligocenos y miocenos de tilos peor conocidos de nuestro registro. Con Europa occidental. Se han encontrado sus res- frecuencia es citado en los yacimientos espa- tos en Portugal (ANTUNES, 1961), España ñoles como Cainotherium sp. o como (CRUSAFONT et al., 1955; DÍAZ & LÓPEZ, 1979; Cainotherium miocaenicum CRUSAFONT, ALBERDI et al., 1981; 1985; MORALES & VILLALTA &TRUYOLS, 1955, pero en la mayo- SORIA, 1984; 1985; MORALES et al., 1993; ría de los casos las determinaciones han sido 2000; SESÉ & JIMÉNEZ-RODRIGO, 2002; preliminares. Muchos autores (MORALES & PELÁEZ-CAMPOMANES et al., 2003; LÓPEZ- SORIA, 1984; MURELAGA et al. 2004, entre OLMEDO et al., 2004; MURELAGA et al., 2004), 1 Auditores de Energía y Medio Ambiente, S. A. C/ Alfonso XIII, 72, 29016, Madrid, España. 2 Departamento y UEI de Paleontología, Facultad de Ciencias Geológicas e Instituto de Geología Económica, UCM- CSIC, C/ José Antonio Novais 2, 28040 Madrid, España, [email protected] ISSN: 1132-1660 29 Coloquios de Paleontología 59 (2009): 29-59 Cainotherium del Mioceno Medio de Alameda de Osuna Alarcón & Álvarez-Sierra otros) resaltan la importancia y necesidad de distribución horizontal de facies “de borde”, realizar una revisión en profundidad de este “intermedias” y “centrales” dispuestas en género. Por ello, el principal objetivo de este forma de orlas concéntricas (PÉREZ & CALVO, trabajo es poder aportar nuevos datos para 2004). Las facies proximales o “de borde” ampliar el conocimiento de este taxón gracias están constituidas por materiales detríticos a la aparición de un nivel fosilífero en el trans- gruesos que disminuyen su granulometría a curso de la construcción de la Línea 5 de medida que avanzan hacia las zonas distales. Metro de Madrid con abundante material per- En el centro de la cubeta se encuentran las teneciente a este género. Por otra parte, el facies “distales” de carácter evaporítico. Entre hecho de que nuestro material esté constituido, los términos proximales y distales se encuen- fundamentalmente, por piezas aisladas en tran las facies intermedias de carácter detrítico algunos casos muy fragmentadas, ha constitui- fino-evaporítico. Los depósitos de la zona de do un reto añadido a nuestro estudio ya que la estudio se encuentran en la transición de las mayoría de los datos recogidos en la bibliogra- facies distales de los abanicos aluviales con las fía hacen referencia a series mandibulares y facies intermedias o zonas de margen lacustre, maxilares más o menos completas, de manera y están erosionados por depósitos cuaternarios que abordar el estudio de las piezas aisladas suprayacentes de origen fluvial. confiere un carácter especialmente relevante a En el Mioceno de la Cuenca de Madrid se este trabajo. han diferenciado tres unidades estratigráficas (ALBERDI et al., 1985; CALVO et al., 1993): CONTEXTO GEOGRÁFICO Y GEO- I. Unidad Inferior de edad Rambliense- LÓGICO Aragoniense medio, II. Unidad Intermedia de edad La zona de estudio se encuentra situada en Aragoniense medio – Vallesiense inferior. el área delimitada por el Paseo de la Alameda III. Unidad Superior de edad Vallesiense de Osuna, la A-2 y la M-40, dentro del térmi- superior- Turoliense. no municipal de Madrid. En esta área fue ubi- Concretamente, el área estudiada corres- cado el Pozo de Ataque del Proyecto de ponde al Perfil Sur de la Zona de Implantación Construcción de la Prolongación de la Línea 5 (Fig. 2). La sección de este perfil está consti- de Metro de Canillejas a la Alameda de Osuna, tuida por materiales pertenecientes a las deno- realizado para albergar la tuneladora durante minadas unidades 3 y 4a, de edad Aragoniense su montaje y servir de pozo de introducción inferior-medio, propuestas por PÉREZ & para comenzar la excavación del túnel. Esta CALVO (2004). Estas se incluyen en la parte excavación hizo aflorar materiales pertene- alta de la Unidad Inferior y en la parte inferior cientes al Neógeno de la Cuenca de Madrid. y media de la Unidad Intermedia de la Cuenca La Cuenca de Madrid, individualizada de de Madrid (ALBERDI et al., 1985; PÉREZ & la Depresión Intermedia por el emplazamiento CALVO, 2004). En los términos arcillosos de la de la Sierra de Altomira al final del Paleógeno, unidad 3, presentes en el área sur de Madrid, es una cuenca de tipo endorreico localizada en han sido hallados los yacimientos de el borde noroccidental de la Cuenca del Tajo O´Donnell y Ciudad Pegaso próximos a la (ALONSO et al., 2004). Durante el Terciario se zona de estudio (LÓPEZ-MARTÍNEZ et al., 1987, rellenó de una potente serie de depósitos que PELÁEZ-CAMPOMANES et al., 2003). Estos llegan a alcanzar los 3.500 m de espesor materiales son sustituidos por otros también de (LÓPEZ-OLMEDO et al., 2004). Esta cobertera granulometría fina correspondientes a las uni- sedimentaria está constituida por materiales dades 6 y 6a propuestas por PÉREZ &CALVO procedentes del desmantelamiento de los (2004). Las unidades 3, 6 y 6a van pasando, macizos montañosos que limitan la cubeta mediante un cambio lateral de facies que da (Sistema Central, Montes de Toledo y Sierra lugar a la unidad 4a, a arenas arcósicas de gra- de Altomira) mediante un modelo de abanicos nulometría más gruesa, hacia el Norte de la aluviales coalescentes (Fig. 1). El resultado es cuenca de Madrid. una secuencia de diferentes facies que se dis- En las facies distales de los abanicos alu- ponen de acuerdo con el esquema clásico de viales y en las zonas de margen lacustre de las Coloquios de Paleontología 30 ISSN: 1132-1660 59 (2009): 29-59 Alarcón & Álvarez-Sierra Cainotherium del Mioceno Medio de Alameda de Osuna unidades 4a y 6 se han encontrado la mayoría de los yacimientos del área urbana de Madrid como Moratines, La Hidroeléctrica, Estación Imperial, Puente de Toledo, San Isidro, Paseo de las Acacias, etc. (MORALES et al., 2000; PÉREZ &CALVO, 2004; HERRÁEZ et al., 2006). El estudio de sus asociaciones faunísticas (PELÁEZ-CAMPOMANES et al., 2003), ha permi- tido adscribirlos a la MN5 y a las zonas loca- les Dc (Moratines, Cocheras, La Hidroeléctrica, Estación Imperial, Paseo de las Figura 2.- Situación geográfica de la zona de estudio. Acacias, Gasómetro, Paseo de la Esperanza y Modificado del Sistema de Información Geográfica Paseo de la Esperanza 7) y Dd Política Agraria Común (SIGPAC) (O´Donnell, Henares 2). Figure 2.- Geographic situation of the studied area. Modified after the System of Geographic Information La correlación con los yacimientos perte- Common Agricultural Politics (SIGPAC) necientes a la unidad 4a, la cercanía de los yacimientos de O´Donnell y Ciudad Pegaso, MATERIAL Y MÉTODOS así como la presencia de Cainotherium, permi- ten adscribir el material estudiado a la MN5, Se han estudiado 130 restos dentales aisla- concretamente a la zona local D. dos, un fragmento de maxilar y cuatro frag- mentos hemimandibulares de Cainotherium provenientes del yacimiento de la Alameda de Osuna. El material pertenece al Museo Arqueológico Regional de Alcalá de Henares. Las siglas utilizadas han sido: 05/109/01/, seguidas de cuatro dígitos comenzando por 0001 hasta 0130 para las piezas dentales aisla- das, y 05/109/02/ seguidas de dos dígitos comenzando por 01 hasta 05 para los fragmen- tos mandibulares y maxilares. Para la descripción del material (Figs. 3, 4) se ha empleado la terminología resultante de la modificación de las nomenclaturas propuestas por HEIZMANN (1983), MORALES &SORIA (1995) y BERTHET (2003). Se ha empleado la sigla C para denominar los caninos, P para los premolares y M para los molares, seguidos del número que representa su posición dental, representando con mayús- culas la dentición superior y con minúsculas la dentición inferior.
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