1-Sujanpur 2-Bhoa(SC)
Total Page:16
File Type:pdf, Size:1020Kb
Load more
Recommended publications
-
Annual Report 2016
ANNUAL REPORT 2016 PUNJABI UNIVERSITY, PATIALA © Punjabi University, Patiala (Established under Punjab Act No. 35 of 1961) Editor Dr. Shivani Thakar Asst. Professor (English) Department of Distance Education, Punjabi University, Patiala Laser Type Setting : Kakkar Computer, N.K. Road, Patiala Published by Dr. Manjit Singh Nijjar, Registrar, Punjabi University, Patiala and Printed at Kakkar Computer, Patiala :{Bhtof;Nh X[Bh nk;k wjbk ñ Ò uT[gd/ Ò ftfdnk thukoh sK goT[gekoh Ò iK gzu ok;h sK shoE tk;h Ò ñ Ò x[zxo{ tki? i/ wB[ bkr? Ò sT[ iw[ ejk eo/ w' f;T[ nkr? Ò ñ Ò ojkT[.. nk; fBok;h sT[ ;zfBnk;h Ò iK is[ i'rh sK ekfJnk G'rh Ò ò Ò dfJnk fdrzpo[ d/j phukoh Ò nkfg wo? ntok Bj wkoh Ò ó Ò J/e[ s{ j'fo t/; pj[s/o/.. BkBe[ ikD? u'i B s/o/ Ò ô Ò òõ Ò (;qh r[o{ rqzE ;kfjp, gzBk óôù) English Translation of University Dhuni True learning induces in the mind service of mankind. One subduing the five passions has truly taken abode at holy bathing-spots (1) The mind attuned to the infinite is the true singing of ankle-bells in ritual dances. With this how dare Yama intimidate me in the hereafter ? (Pause 1) One renouncing desire is the true Sanayasi. From continence comes true joy of living in the body (2) One contemplating to subdue the flesh is the truly Compassionate Jain ascetic. Such a one subduing the self, forbears harming others. (3) Thou Lord, art one and Sole. -
Mr. Shivraj V
Public Relations Department, Chandigarh Administration www.chandgiarh.gov.in Press Release Chandigarh, January 22:- Mr. Shivraj V. Patil was today sworn in as the Governor of Punjab. The Chief Justice of the Punjab and Haryana High Court Mr. Justice Mukul Mudgal administered the oath of office to Mr. Shivraj V. Patil at a brief and impressive ceremony held at Punjab Raj Bhavan. Mr. Shivraj V. Patil took the oath in English. He signed the oath form that was counter signed by the Chief Justice. Later, Mr. Shivraj V. Patil signed separate charge reports, both as Governor of Punjab and Administrator of Union Territory, Chandigarh. Earlier, the Governor designate arrived at a special pandal of Punjab Raj Bhawan in a ceremonial procession. He was accompanied by the Chief Justice of the Punjab & Haryana High Court. Punjab Chief Secretary of Punjab Mr. S.C. Agrawal, after seeking permission to start the ceremony, read out the warrants of appointment of Mr. Shivraj V. Patil as the Governor of Punjab, Later, the ceremony was declared closed by the Chief Secretary. After the ceremony, the Governor in procession proceeded towards the Saluting Base and took the salute from the full contingent of Punjab Armed Police. The Punjab Police Band played the National Anthem and the National Flag was hoisted simultaneously. Later, the Governor inspected the Guard of Honour. Immediately after the Swearing-in-ceremony, the Punjab Governor was congratulated by the Punjab Chief Minister Mr. Parkash Singh Badal, Haryana Chief Minister Mr. Bhupinder Singh Hooda, Deputy Chief Minister of Punjab Mr. Sukhbir Singh Badal, Speaker Punjab Vidhan Sabha, Mr. -
BULLETIN No. 7 Papers to Be Laid on the Table Presentation of Reports
PUNJAB VIDHAN SABHA 15th Vidhan Sabha 14 Session(Budget) BULLETIN No.7 Tuesday, the 9" March, 2021 (From 10.00 A.M to 03.18 P.M.) 1. Questions (a) Postponed Starred Questions: Answered No. of Total no. of Answered Not Postponed under Rule 38 Supplementaries questions on put the order paper 06 03 03 05 (b) Starred Questions: No. of Total no. of Postponed/ Answered Answered Not questions on Extended under Supplementaries Rule 38 the order put paper 20 10 02 02 06 13 (c) Unstarred Questions: 24 2. Calling Attention Notices 1. Sardar Gurmeet Singh Meet Haher, M.LA. drew the attention of the Govt towards problem caused due to overflowing of ponds in village Nangal and Dhanola Khurd of District Barnala. (No. 37) The Minister for Rural Development and Panchayats made a statement. 2. Sardar Kultar Singh Sandhwan, M.L.A. and Smt. Rupinder Kaur Ruby, M.L.A. drew the attention of the Govt. towards problems being faced by the beneficiaries of Ayushman Health Insurance Scheme in Faridkot Medical College. (No. 43) The Minister for Medical Education and Research made a statement. 3 Sardar Gurmeet Singh Meet Haher, M.LA. and Sardar Kulwant Singh Pandori, M.LA. drew the attention of the Govt. towards problems being faced by the people as full-fledged status is not accorded to District Barnala. (No. 46) The Minister for Revenue and Rehabilitation made a statement. 3. Papersto be laid on the table The Affairs Minister laid on Parliamentary papers the table of the House as mentioned at Sr. no. 1 to 3 as shown under item no. -
Extensions of Remarks E1363 EXTENSIONS of REMARKS
July 14, 2004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1363 EXTENSIONS OF REMARKS A TRIBUTE IN HONOR OF MORLEY Coach Fraser was a man whose dedication A TRIBUTE IN HONOR OF DALE FRASER OF ALBION, MICHIGAN for coaching was only exceeded by his love KOROLUCK OF RIVERSIDE, CALI- for his players themselves. He demanded FORNIA HON. NICK SMITH nothing less than the best and he always saw OF MICHIGAN the best in everyone. Morley had a preter- HON. NICK SMITH IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES natural ability to not only teach offense and OF MICHIGAN Tuesday, July 13, 2004 defense, but also responsibility, loyalty, civility, and virtue. Most importantly, he lived the val- IN THE HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I rise ues, virtues, and lessons that he taught. To Tuesday, July 13, 2004 to honor and remember H. Morley Fraser, a balance his tenacity on the athletic field, he wonderful friend of mine and the beloved was a gentle, compassionate, and loving hus- Mr. SMITH of Michigan. Mr. Speaker, I rise Albion College coach and mentor to genera- to honor Dale Koroluck, an exceptionally bright band, father, and friend. tions of students, alumni and colleagues, who young man who has been awarded the Presi- lost his struggle with cancer June 28, 2004 at On behalf of the United States Congress, dent’s Award for Educational Excellence for the age of 82. we offer our condolences to Morley’s beloved 2003. A native of Milwaukee and a graduate of wife of 57 years, Elizabeth, his daughters, Dale is an inquisitive, high energy, intelligent Washburn University in Topeka, Kansas, and Diane and Kathy, his sons, Morley Jr. -
Punjab Congress Cand
S.No District No. & Name of Constituency Selected Candidates 1 Gurdaspur 3 Pathankot Raman Bhalla 2 Gurdaspur 4 Gurdaspur Raman Behl 3 Gurdaspur 5 Dina Nagar - SC Smt. Aruna Choudhary 4 Gurdaspur 6 Qadian Smt. Charanjeet Kaur Bajwa 5 Gurdaspur 7 Batala Ashwani Shekhri 6 Gurdaspur 8 Sri Hargobindpur - SC Balvinder Singh Laddi 7 Gurdaspur 9 Fatehgarh Churian Tript Rajinder Bajwa 8 Gurdaspur 10 Dera Baba Nanak Sukhjinder Randhawa 9 Amritsar 11 Ajnala Harpratap Singh Ajnala 10 Amritsar 12 Raja Sansi Sukhbinder Sarkaria 11 Amritsar 13 Majitha Shailender Jit Shelly 12 Amritsar 14 Jandiala - SC Shardul Singh 13 Amritsar 15 Amritsar - North Ashwani Kumar (Pappu) 14 Amritsar 16 Amritsar - West - SC Raj Kumar Varka 15 Amritsar 17 Amritsar Central O.P. Soni 16 Amritsar 18 Amritsar East Mrs. Simpreet Kaur Bhatia 17 Amritsar 19 Amritsar South Jasbir Singh (Dimpa) 18 Amritsar 20 Attari - SC Tarsem Singh 19 Amritsar 21 Tarn Taran Dr. Dharamveer Agnihotri 20 Amritsar 22 Khem Karan Gurchet Singh Bhullar 21 Amritsar 23 Patti Harminder Singh Gill 22 Amritsar 24 Khadoor Sahib Ramanjit Singh Sikki 23 Amritsar 25 Baba Bakala - SC Ranjit Chajjalwadi 24 Kapurthala 26 Bholath Sukhpal Singh Khaira 25 Kapurthala 27 Kapurthala Rana Gurjeet Singh 26 Kapurthala 28 Sultanpur Lodhi Navtej Singh Cheema 27 Kapurthala 29 Phagwara - SC Balvir Raja Sodhi 28 Jalandhar 30 Phillaur - SC Ch. Santokh Singh 29 Jalandhar 31 Nakodar Amarjit Singh Samra 30 Jalandhar 32 Shahkot C.D. Kamboj 31 Jalandhar 33 Kartarpur - SC Ch. Jagjit Singh 32 Jalandhar 34 Jalandhar West - SC Smt. Suman Kaypee 33 Jalandhar 35 Jalandhar Central Raj Kumar Gupta 34 Jalandhar 36 Jalandhar North Avtar Henry 35 Jalandhar 37 Jalandhar Cantt. -
Results Chandigarh, Wednesday, March 7, 2012
PAGE4.qxd 3/6/2012 6:30 PM Page 1 c m y b The Tribune PUNJAB POLLS 2012 SPECIAL RESULTS CHANDIGARH, WEDNESDAY, MARCH 7, 2012 79 JALALABAD 88 KOTKAPURA 95 MAUR 102 BHADAUR (SC) 109 NABHA (SC) WINNER WINNER WINNER WINNER WINNER Sukhbir Singh Badal Mantar Singh Brar Janmeja Singh Sekhon Mohammad Sadique Sadhu Singh Dharmsot SAD SAD(B) SAD Congress Congress Votes: 80,647 Margin:50,246 Votes:49,340 Margin:18,175 Votes:45,324 Margin:1,388 Votes:52,825 Margin: 6,969 Votes: 63,350 Margin: 22,548 RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP Hans Raj Josan Ripjeet Singh Brar Mangat Rai Bansal Darbara Singh Guru Balwant Singh Independent Congress Congress SAD Shahpur Votes: 30,401 Votes: 31,165 Votes: 43,936 Votes: 45,856 SAD Votes: 40,802 Voters: 1.71 lakh; Last MLA: Sukhbir Singh Badal (SAD) Voters: 1.29 lakh; Last MLA: Ripjeet Singh Brar (Cong) Voters: 1.43 lakh; Last MLA: None (new constituency) Voters: 1.34 lakh; Last MLA: Balbir Singh Ghunas (SAD) Voters: 1.55 lakh; Last MLA: Randeep Singh (Cong) 80 FAZILKA 89 JAITU 96 MANSA 103 BARNALA 110 PATIALA RURAL WINNER WINNER WINNER WINNER WINNER Surjit Kumar Jyani Joginder Singh Prem Mittal Kewal Singh Dhillon Brahm Mohindra BJP SAD(B) SAD Congress Congress Votes: 40,901Margin: 1,692 Votes: 49,426Margin: 6347 Votes: 55,588 Margin: 1,301 Votes:54,570 Margin:5,522 Votes:62,068 Margin:27,596 RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP RUNNER-UP Jaswinder Singh Gurdev Singh Badal Gurpreet Kaur Malkit Singh Keetu Kuldeep Kaur Tohra Rocky SAD(B)-BJP Congress SAD SAD Independent Votes: 43,079 Votes: 54,287 Votes: 49,048 Votes: 34,472 Votes: 39,209 Voters: 1.46 lakh; Last MLA: Surjit Kumar Jyani (BJP) Voters: 1.28 lakh; Last MLA: Joginder Singh (Cong) Voters: 1.63 lakh; Last MLA: Sher Singh Gagowal (Congress) Voters: 1.46 lakh; Last MLA: Kewal Singh Dhillon (Cong) Voters: 1.77 lakh; Last MLA: None (new constituency) 81 ABOHAR SAD supporters celebrating 111 RAJPURA WINNER the party's victory in WINNER Sunil Kumar Jakhar Amritsar on Tuesday. -
CONGRESSIONAL RECORD— Extensions of Remarks E1369 HON
July 14, 2004 CONGRESSIONAL RECORD — Extensions of Remarks E1369 Karen is obviously a phenomenal teacher as range of human rights. And it will allow self- (non-riparian) 0.20 MAF, Punjab (riparian) this is not the only award that she has re- determination for these sovereign states. 4.22 MAF and Jammu and Kashmir (riparian) ceived. Last year she was awarded the Most Until that happens, Mr. Speaker, we should 0.65 MAF. Under clause IV of this agreement, not provide any aid to India. And we should Punjab and Haryana withdrew their respec- Inspirational Teacher Award and a ten thou- tive suits from the Supreme Court. But the sand dollar donation from the Basalt commu- take a stand for self-determination, which is controversy rages on. The issue has become nity where she used to teach from 1993 to the cornerstone of democracy, by supporting a emotive. 2003. Most recently, she qualified for a free and fair plebiscite on independence in Referring to the broad clauses of the pro- weeklong seminar at Stanford University with Punjab, Khalistan, in Kashmir, in predomi- posed Bill, Capt Amarinder Singh main- Pulitzer-Prize winning historian David Ken- nantly Christian Nagaland, and everywhere tained that riparian and basin principles nedy. She was one of only thirty teachers in- that people seek their freedom from Indian were ignored all along and allocation of the vited. rule. The assertion of sovereignty by the Pun- Ravi-Beas waters had always been affected Mr. Speaker, Karen Green has devoted her jab Legislative Assembly is a good first step. -
Government of Punjab
GOVERNMENT OF PUNJAB TELEPHONE DIRECTORY-2016 PUBLIC WORKS DEPARTMENT (B&R) BR. CONTENTS Page No. PUNJAB RAJ BHAWAN 1 PUNJAB VIDHAN SABHA 1-2 PUNJAB & HARYANA HIGH COURT 2-5 CHIEF MINISTER OFFICE 5-8 DEPUTY CHIEF MINISTER OFFICE 8-9 CABINET MINISTERS 9-12 CHIEF PARLIAMENTARY SECRETARIES 12-14 LEADER OF OPPOSITION 14 MEMBERS OF PARLIAMENT FROM PUNJAB 15-17 MEMBERS OF PUNJAB LEGISLATIVE ASSEMBLY 17-24 POLITICAL PARTIES IN PUNJAB VIDHAN SABHA 25 LOK PAL 25 CHIEF SECRETARY 25 ADVOCATE GENERAL 25 COMMISSIONS 26-32 FINANCIAL COMMISSIONERS/PRINCIPAL SECRETARIES 32-34 ADMINISTRATIVE SECRETARIES 34-36 SPECIAL SECRETARIES 36-37 ADDITIONAL SECRETARIES 37-38 JOINT SECRETARIES 38-39 HEAD OF DEPARTMENTS 39-48 INFORMATION AND PUBLIC RELATIONS 48-51 POLICE DEPARTMENT 51-54 CORPORATIONS / BOARDS 55-68 COMMISSIONERS OF DIVISIONS 68 DEPUTY COMMISSIONERS 68-69 MAYORS & COMMISSIONERS OF MUNICIPAL CORPORATIONS 69-70 CHAIRMAN DISTT. PLANNING COMMITTEE 71 UNIVERSITIES 72 PRESIDENT SECRETARIAT 73 VICE PRESIDENT SECRETARIAT 73 SUPREME COURT OF INDIA 73 ELECTION COMMISSION OF INDIA 73 NITI AAYOG 73 PRIME MINISTER OF INDIA 74 PARLIAMENT (RAJYA SABHA) 74 PARLIAMENT (LOK SABHA) 74 IAS & OTHER OFFICERS OF PB. POSTED AT DELHI 75 RESIDENT COMMISSIONER OFFICE AT NEW DELHI 76-77 CHANDIGARH ADMINISTRATION 77-78 OTHERS 78-80 PRESS, RADIO & TV 80-120 GUEST HOUSE/ENTERTAINMENT CENTRE (CHD) 120-121 CIRCUIT HOUSES IN PUNJAB & H.P. 121 EMERGENCY & GEN. UTILITY TEL. NO. AT CHD 121-123 SOME IMPORTANT TELEPHONE NUMBERS AT DELHI 123-124 WEBSITES OF VARIOUS PUNJAB GOVT. DEPARTMENTS BOARDS, COPORATIONS, ETC. 124-125 OFFICIAL EMAIL ID’S OF THE DEPARTMENTS 125-132 STD CODES OF CITIES INDIA 138-143 *OEFY 1 Name & Designation Phone Residence Off. -
Government of Punjab Department of Planning (Local Plan Division)
Government of Punjab Department of Planning (Local Plan Division) NOTIFICATION No.2/1/PSPB/LPD/07/2214 Dated: 14th March, 2007. In supersession of Punjab Government Notifications No.2/1/PSPB/LPD/04/5582- 98, dated 17/8/04, No.2/1/PSPB/LPD/06/10985 dated 3/8/06, and No.2/1/PSPB/LPD/06/18 195 dated 8/12/2006, the Governor of Punjab is pleased to appoint the following Ministers as Chairmen/Chairpersons of District Planning & Development Boards in the State.:- SN Name of the District Chairmen/Chairpersons 1. Ludhiana Chief Minister, Punjab. 2. Amritsar Sh. Manoranjan Kalia, Local Govt., Ind.& Commerce Minster. 3. Kapurthala Smt.Laxmi Kanta Chawla, H & FW Minister. 4. Ferozepur S.Manpreet Singh Badal, Finance & Planning Minister. 5. Jalandhar Capt.Kanwaljit Singh, Coop.& D.S.W. Minister. 6. Gurdaspur Sh. Tikshan Sood, MER, Forest & Labour Minister. 7 Mukatsar S. Ajit Singh Kohar, Revenue Minister. 8. Patiala S. Janmeja Singh Sekhon, Irrigation Minister. 9. Sangrur Dr.Upinderjit Kaur, Edu. & Civil Aviation Minister. 10. Faridkot S. Sucha Singh Langah, Agriculture Minister. 11. Bhatinda S. Bikram Singh Majithia, WSS, IPR & Sci.& Tech., Minister. 12. Ropar Ch. Swarna Ram, Social Welfare & Tech.Edu. Minister 13. SAS Nagar S.Adesh Partap Singh Kairon, Food&Civil Supp & IT Minister 14. Fatehgarh Sahib S.Adesh Partap Singh Kairon, Food&Civil Supp & IT Minister 15. NawanShehar S. Parminder Singh Dhindsa, PWD( B&R) Minister. 16. Barnala S. Parminder Singh Dhindsa, PWD( B&R) Minister. 17. Mansa S.Gulzar Singh Ranike, AH, SCs & BCs Welfare & Sports Minister. 18. Hoshiarpur S.Ranjit Singh Brahampura, Rural Development, Minister. -
D:\Diary 2020\Dairy New 2020 N
1 Name & Designation Phone Residence Off. Resi. Address gzikp oki GtB PUNJAB RAJ BHAWAN thagha f;zx pdB"o, okigkb 2740740 2740608 Punjab Raj V.P. Singh Badnore, Governor 2746116 2740681 Bhawan/6 wdB gkb, ;eZso$okigkb 2740608 2685090 244/55 Madan Pal, Secy. to Governor 99146-00844 Chd. i/a n?wa pkbkw[o[rB, gqw[Zy ;eZso$okigkb 2740592 2746033 58/5 J. M. Balamurugan, Prin.Secy.to Governor 97800-20243 Chd. r[bôB e[wko, fBZih ;eZso$;eZso$okigkb 2740608 98780-45680 478-A, Gulshan Kumar, Pvt. Secy./Secy. to Governor Harmilap Nagar, Baltana e/apha f;zx, vhankJhaiha J/avha;ha (gh) okigkb 2740609 2971802 31/7-A K.B. Singh, DIG, ADC(P) Governor 98725-21114 w/io g[ôg/Adok f;zx, J/avha;ha (n?w)$okigkb 2740696 94604-30543 52/7-A Maj. Pushpendra Singh, ADC(M)/Governor fôyk Bfjok (ôqhwsh), nkJhaghHnkoHUa 2746095 2773319 2237/ whvhnk okigkb 97800-36106 15-C,Chd. Shikha Nehra (Mrs.), IPRO (Media) to Governor vkH nwohe f;zx uhwk, n?wHTH$ 2792597 2632955 3379/ nkoHphH fv;g?A;oh 97799-13379 46-C Dr. Amrik Singh Cheema, MO, R.B. Disp. Chd. i;d/t f;zx f;ZX{, n?;a gha ;[oZfynk 2740482 98763-71155 1122/69 Jasdev Singh Sidhu, SP Security EPABX-2743224, 2740602, 2740608-10, 2740681, Fax : 2741058 g³ikp ftXkB ;Gk PUNJAB VIDHAN SABHA okDk e/a gha f;zx, ;gheo 2740372 2742976 10/2 Rana K.P. Singh, Speaker 2740739 2740842 F-2740473 okw b'e yskBk, ;eZso$;gheo 2740372 80542-00024 1605/ Ram Lok Khatana, Secretary to Speaker 2740739 94784-44433 38-B okfizdo gq;kd, ftô/ô ekoi nc;o$;gheo 2740372 98722-23329 290/7 Rajinder Prasad, OSD to Speaker ;[fozdo f;zx w'sh, fBZih ;eZso$;gheo 2740739 80543-00021 999/3B-2 Surinder Singh Moti, Pvt. -
1996 Lok Sabha Elections: Reviving of Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab
© 2015 JETIR January 2015, Volume 2, Issue 1 www.jetir.org (ISSN-2349-5162) 1996 Lok Sabha Elections: Reviving of Shiromani Akali Dal in Punjab Dr. Satnam Singh Assistant Professor in Political Science & HEAD, P.G. Department of Political Science, Mata Gujri College (An Autonomous College) Fatehgarh Sahib (Punjab) Pin-140407 Abstract During the period of militancy in the state (1980-92), the Shiromani Akali Dal (SAD) was politically marginalized by the Sikh radical groups operating in Punjab. However, the 1996 Lok Sabha election witnessed the revival of the dominance of the SAD in state politics. Earlier in 1977 the SAD was able to emerge as a formidable political force due to its impressive performance in the 1977 Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections in Punjab on account of the powerful anti-Congress and pro-Janata Party wave in their favour on the eve of this election and because of this party’s pre-election alliance with the Janata party and the CPI (M) within the party system of Punjab. However, the party lost this position in the 1980 Lok Sabha and Vidhan Sabha elections because of dissatisfaction with the performance of the then SAD led Parkash Singh Badal coalition government on the one hand and the feeling of insecurity created among the Hindus as a result of the Akali-Nirankari clash on April 13th, 1978 on the other. The SAD (Longowal) did succeed to get dominant status in 1985 election to Punjab Vidhan Sabha on account of the consolidation of the Sikh votes in the party’s favour as a reaction against “Operation Blue-Star” and the anti-Sikh riots in Delhi and other parts of India in 1984. -
2012 Assembly Elections in Punjab: Ascendance of a State Level Party
255 Ashutosh Kumar: Punjab Assembly Elections 2012 Assembly Elections in Punjab: Ascendance of a State Level Party Ashutosh Kumar Punjab University, Chandigarh _______________________________________________________________ The 2012 Assembly Elections in Punjab received attention for being the first elections in post-1966 reorganised Punjab to witness return to power of an incumbent party regime. The elections also saw the emergence of a new set of political leadership, most notably the rise of Sukhbir Badal, the SAD President who led the campaign and crafted the Akali victory. The rise and fall of Manpreet Badal, the founder President of Punjab Peoples Party in the role of the ‘challenger’ was another notable feature. The social and spatial patterns of electoral outcome, as revealed in the CSDS post-poll survey data, showed that the consistent efforts of the Akali Dal to broaden its support base while retaining its core social constituency in order to shed/lessen its dependency over the BJP has started bearing fruits. The Congress suffered an unexpected defeat primarily due to its leadership failure. ____________________________________________________________ Rise of State Level Parties The newly acquired significance of states as the platforms where electoral politics unfold in varying forms in recent India can be attributed to the fact that political articulation and mobilization of the people for electoral purposes increasingly swerve around identities formed or invented along ethno-regional lines. As the ethnic categories are mostly confined to a particular region or regions of a state, so any form of mobilisation or assertion in the shape of collective claims making takes place invariably at regional level, giving primacy to ‘region’ over the ‘nation.’1 The political parties strive first to gain and consolidate a ‘core constituency’ in the form of the support of a single numerically and economically significant caste/ community or alternatively a cluster of castes/communities at state/regional level before they go to broaden their support base.