2013-2017

picture of the Bight Building a bigger a Building Research Program Research Australian Bight The Great The Great Australian Bight Research Program

Program findings 2013—2017 The Great Australian Bight Research Program is a collaboration between BP, CSIRO, the South Australian Research and Development Institute (SARDI), the University of Adelaide, and Flinders University. The Program aims to provide a whole-of-system understanding of the environment, economic and social values of the region; providing an information source for all to use.

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The Great Australian Bight Research Program: Program Findings 2013-2017 Report is an Administrative Report that has not been reviewed outside the Program and is not considered peer-reviewed literature. Material presented may later be published in formal peer-reviewed scientific literature.

©2018

3 CONTENTS

6 INTRODUCTION 8 OCEAN PHYSICS 12 OPEN WATER RESEARCH 16 SEA-FLOOR BIODIVERSITY 22 ICONIC SPECIES AND APEX PREDATORS 28 PETROLEUM GEOLOGY AND GEOCHEMISTRY 32 SOCIO-ECONOMIC ANALYSIS 36 MODELLING AND INTEGRATION 40 PUBLICATIONS 51 MODELS DEVELOPED FOR THE GABRP 52 AWARDS 52 PARTNERS 53 OTHER PARTICIPANTS

5 Program INTRODUCTION findings 2013—2017 The Great Australian Bight extends from Cape Pasley, Western Australia to Cape Catastrophe, Kangaroo The Great Australian Bight Island, South Australia. Research Program has transformed the deep This unique marine environment is part of the world’s longest The four-year, $20 million social, environmental and economic southern-facing coastline, contains significant natural study brought together multi-disciplinary research teams resources, and is of global conservation significance. comprising more than 100 scientists and technical staff. It was ecosystems of the Great undertaken as a collaborative program involving BP, CSIRO, More than 85 per cent of known species in the region are the South Australian Research and Development Institute Australian Bight from one found nowhere else in the world. The Great Australian Bight (SARDI), the University of Adelaide, and Flinders University. provides critical habitats and migration pathways for iconic species and predators at the top of the food chain (apex New scientific knowledge developed in the GABRP includes: of Australia’s least studied predators), including Australian sea lions, white sharks, and pygmy blue whales. Australia’s largest and most valuable > Improved understanding of the ocean processes environments to one of the stocks of fishes in the open sea (pelagic fishes), especially underpinning the ecosystem. Australian sardine and southern bluefin tuna, occur in > New insights into what drives productivity in the open ocean. the Bight, and there are important coastal fisheries for most well known. crustaceans (e.g. southern rock lobster, prawns and crabs), > Greater awareness of the region’s biodiversity, especially molluscs (e.g. abalone) and finfish (e.g. snapper, King George in the deep ocean beyond the continental shelf. whiting, garfish and flathead), with the majority of South Australia’s valuable aquaculture farming residing in the coastal > Identification of at least 277 species that are new to science, waters off Eyre Peninsula. The Great Australian Bight is also and almost 887 species not previously reported in the Great considered to be one of the most prospective under-explored Australian Bight.* oil and gas provinces in the world. > Improved understanding of the biology and ecology Indigenous communities have strong cultural connections to of the region’s marine mammals, seabirds and sharks. the region, and many coastal towns rely on the pristine marine Improved understanding of the migratory and foraging environment that supports aquaculture, fisheries, recreational > patterns of southern bluefin tuna. fishing and tourism industries.

NORTHERN TERRITORY Collation of historical information on seismic activity Prior to the Great Australian Bight Research Program > in the Great Australian Bight. (GABRP), relatively little was known about the region. Previous QUEENSLAND research focused mainly on coastal and shelf waters, while > Confirmation of oil and gas characteristics in the the deep-water ecosystems of the Great Australian Bight WESTERN AUSTRALIA Great Australian Bight. were poorly understood. The GABRP has transformed the ecosystems of the Bight from one of Australia’s least studied > Improved understanding of the values and priorities

SOUTH AUSTRALIA deep sea environments to one of the most well-known. of people living in the Great Australian Bight’s coastal townships. The GABRP was established in April 2013 to develop scientific Ceduna PERTH NEW SOUTH WALES knowledge, tools and baselines to inform and support future The Program also developed valuable new scientific tools Cape Pasley Cape Leeuwin Port Lincoln use, development, management and conservation of the that provide a significant legacy for future scientific studies, Albany A.C.T. Cape ADELAIDE Catastrophe socio-ecological systems of the Great Australian Bight. The monitoring programs and management advice. CANBERRA VICTORIA Right: Program provided new knowledge on the structure and MELBOURNE The Great Australian Bight extends from Cape Pasley, function of the Bight’s ecosystems; on the nature and value WA to Cape Catastrophe, of its marine industries, including its potential hydrocarbon *Combined data from the Great Australian Bight Research Program – a collaboration South Australia. The 100 m, between BP, CSIRO, SARDI, the University of Adelaide and Flinders University and the 1000 m and 4000 m isobaths reserves; and on the dependence of associated coastal Great Australian Bight Deepwater Marine Program – a collaboration between Chevron and Australia’s Economic and CSIRO. Exclusive Zone across communities on the amenities provided by the environment. TAS HOBART southern Australia are shown.

SW Cape GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 7 How the waters of the OCEAN PHYSICS Great Australian Bight work The broad-scale movements of the oceans off Australia’s south coast and its effects on marine ecology The Great Australian Bight and biodiversity have been understood for some time; has unique ocean features, however, knowledge gaps existed due to a lack of in-situ ocean data and high-resolution computer models. experiences some of the

biggest waves in the world, Researchers in the GABRP’s Physical Oceanography Theme In winter, the Great Australian Bight’s circulation is driven by used three hydrodynamic models (two shelf-focused, ROMS eastward winds, the eastward shelf edge Leeuwin Current, and hosts the world’s and SHOC and one deep-sea focused, BRAN) to understand and deep upwelling 200-800 m below the surface in the west. seasonal, inter-annual and spatial circulation patterns in the Near the coast, eastward winds drive an eastward Coastal Bight and provide knowledge to underpin other studies in Current. Shelf downwelling is expected from eastward shelf longest west-east running the GABRP, and help future research. Models were validated currents and the formation of dense (cold, salty) water along using all available data, including observations made by BP the coast, where evaporation exceeds precipitation year-round. continental shelf. and the Integrated Marine Observing System (IMOS). Moored instruments, ocean gliders, surface buoys, satellites, radars The effect of waves on hydrodynamic processes was and even seals recorded ocean conditions at many locations investigated because of the significant year round swell in and depths over recent years. the Bight. Explicitly including the effect of waves did not improve the ability of the models to simulate the Bight’s Shelf-focused models simulated tidal signals and wind forced hydrodynamics, but waves were found to principally effect motions, as well as seasonal variability observed by moorings the long term drift at the surface. during 2011–14. The deep-sea focused global model (BRAN) provided tools to examine longer time scales, enabling inter- The improved understanding of circulation and nested annual variability due to the Leewin Current and far field suite of improved hydrodynamic models has advanced our El Niño events to be identified. understanding of physical processes in the Great Australian Bight. These new tools enabled the tracking of particles Shelf-focused model results matched well with observed to determine the likely sources of naturally occurring variability in shelf ocean currents for depths less than 300 m. hydrocarbon deposits collected from southern beaches Model results for winter and summer aligned with our previous as part of the GABRP, and in future will assist studies of understanding of circulation in the Bight, however model recruitment pathways for commercial fish stocks. results were obtained at a higher resolution and with more realistic forcing and initial fields of stratification.

Strong evidence was found across the models for a deep (500 m) westward Flinders Current, previously not recorded.

In the eastern Bight, the winds and ocean currents cause an upwelling of nutrient-rich water to the surface in summer. Westward winds from large high-pressure systems drive coastal upwelling and a westward Coastal Current in the central to eastern Great Australian Bight. A southward transport of water in the central Bight ‘collides’ with the equatorward deep ocean transport, producing downwelling year-round at the shelf edge, and a ridge in sea level that in part drives the South Australian Current to the east against the prevailing winds. In addition, new results Above: Oceanographic data was collected by gliders from the Integrated Marine Observing show that the South Australian Current is also enhanced System’s (IMOS) Australian National Facility for Ocean Gliders (ANFOG). by a shelf edge gradient of seawater density. 08 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 9 MEAN WINTER CIRCULATION

Ocean Physics -32 -34 Coastal Current Leeuwin Current Development and analysis of -36 South Australian Current

Flinders Current Flinders Current deep-sea and shelf focused -38

Coastal Current hydrodynamic models provided -40 an in-depth understanding of -42 Sverdrup Transport the oceanography of the Bight. latitude -44 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

longitude

Hydrodynamic models developed through the GABRP have dramatically improved our understanding of circulation in the Bight. Above: Mean Winter Circulation. Below: Mean Summer Circulation.

MEAN SUMMER CIRCULATION

-32 Topographic Transport -34 Coastal Current South Australian Current -36

Flinders Current Flinders Current -38

Coastal Current -40

-42 Sverdrup Transport

latitude -44 110 115 120 125 130 135 140 145

longitude

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 11 Understanding productivity OPEN WATER RESEARCH and the ecosystem Researchers in the GABRP’s Pelagic Ecosystem and Environmental Drivers Theme compared The Great Australian Bight food web structure and productivity in the is an important feeding eastern and central Bight. and breeding ground Findings provided important insights into the structure upwelled water, while in the central Bight it was consistent for many economically and function of the Great Australian Bight’s ecosystems, with biological processes. Researchers concluded that the including shelf waters and the deep continental margin. efficient, classic food web dominates in the eastern Great valuable species, including The researchers used physical, chemical and biological data Australian Bight during periods of nutrient-rich upwelling, but collected from the SARDI RV Ngerin during routine surveys higher than anticipated nitrogen concentrations in the central at the Kangaroo Island National Reference Station (NRSKAI, Bight support unexpected types of plankton, which transfer Australian sardine and part of the National Reference Station Network of IMOS, energy quickly through the food web. together with remote-sensed daily primary productivity data southern bluefin tuna. supplied through the Australian Ocean Data Network (AODN), Long-term patterns in primary productivity are similar in the and wind data from the Bureau of Meteorology, to investigate eastern and central Great Australian Bight, particularly on seasonal changes in food web structure in the eastern Great the upper slope. Rates of primary productivity in the east are Australian Bight. They found that the microbial food web, highly variable, with the highest rates created by upwelling. underpinned by picophytoplankton (<2 µm), is present year- In the central Bight, primary productivity is more moderate, round in the eastern Bight, as a background signal underlying but linked to a more constant, biologically-mediated supply of other important food webs in the region; effectively “keeping nitrogen that is sustained over long periods. The central Bight the lights on” in productivity terms. The dominant food web is a more important contributor to overall productivity in the in the eastern Bight, supporting moderate rates of primary region than first thought. productivity year-round, is a food web based on nano- The biomass, size and species composition of small marine phytoplankton (2-20 µm), which is previously undocumented organisms (micronekton) in the eastern and central Great in the region. The efficient classic food web based on Australian Bight were similar, with fish being the dominant microphytoplankton (>20 µm) only occurs during upwelling, taxonomic group. Krill dominated the shelf break and upper when enrichment drives high rates of primary productivity. slope. Researchers observed large numbers of fish schools The efficient food web based on microphytoplankton (>20 µm) over the upper-slope and offshore in the central Bight. only occurs during upwelling, characteristic of the eastern Gelatinous species were an important component of the Great Australian Bight in summer, when dominant enrichment micronekton in this region. drives high rates of primary productivity. The researchers discovered two species of gelatinous Nine days of pelagic plankton and micronekton sampling organisms that are new to science. They also reported three undertaken from the Marine National Facility RV Investigator species in the Southern Hemisphere for the first time, three during December 2015 indicated that there may be different species in Australia for the first time, and 10 first reports in enrichment mechanisms driving primary productivity in The Great Australian Bight, bringing the region’s known the central and eastern Great Australian Bight during the species of gelatinous organisms to 140. The team also upwelling season. In the east, upwelling produces sporadic developed a new acoustic and optical probe for investigating and at times intense enrichment, whereas in the central Bight the gelatinous community. biological processes appear to have a stronger influence, with only intermittent input from turbulent fluxes at the shelf edge. Investigations of nutrient sources and trophic pathways undertaken using stable isotope analysis supported the finding that the main nitrogen source in the east was 12 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 13 Right: A profiling multi- frequency acoustic and optical system was used to detect and quantify micronekton (small fish, squids, crustaceans and larger gelatinous organisms, such as the siphonophore, Praya reticulata shown on the left).

Left: Deep-sea voyages were a key component of the Program to characterise the pelagic and benthic communities, and identify key ecological processes in the central and eastern Great Australian Bight.

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 15 CENTRAL GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT

Diagram of functioning of the upper slope Great Australian Bight highlighting dominant production drivers. Above: Central Great Australian Bight where nutrient supply is constant but constrained and biological processes dominate nitrogen supply supporting production. Below: Eastern region where nutrient supply is characterised by addition of pulses of upwelled nutrients with a reduced pathway of biological processes. In general zooplankton and micronekton biomass is similar in the eastern and central region.

EASTERN GREAT AUSTRALIAN BIGHT

Research has improved our understanding of food web dynamics that underpin total ecosystem productivity in the Great Australian Bight. Upwelling was found to be the dominate enrichment process in the east, whereas the discovery of new biologically mediated enrichment processes revealed higher than expected productivity in the central Bight.

Above: Water sampling at different depths helped identify changes in food web dynamics.

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 17 Mapping life in the deep sea SEA-FLOOR BIODIVERSITY Researchers in the Prior to this research, almost nothing was known about what lived on the Great Australian Bight’s sea-floor in GABRP’s Benthic depths greater than 200m. Biodiversity Theme

transformed the region Researchers investigated the diversity, distribution and More than 44,000 specimens and 600 species (11 phyla) ecology of groups of organisms on the sea-floor of the of invertebrate epifauna (megafauna greater than 10 mm in Bight’s continental slope. They found a high level of length) were collected in 30 beam trawls. Approximately one from having Australia’s biodiversity, identifying 277 species new to science and quarter of species were undescribed and an additional 77 887 species new to the Great Australian Bight.* Systematic species were new records for Australian waters. Sponges and least-known to best-known surveys of sea-floor (benthic) organisms undertaken from the echinoderms dominated the overall biomass and density, with Marine National Facility RV Investigator in 2015 (both Great the former being more prominent in shallower waters. Species Australian Bight Research Program and Great Australian richness and abundance varied with depth. Only two species deep-sea fauna. Bight Deepwater Marine Program) and RV Southern Surveyor were found that appear to only occur in (are endemic to) the voyage in 2013 were the deepest that have been undertaken Great Australian Bight: the crab Choniognathus granulosus in Australian waters. and barnacle Arcoscalpellum inum. The assemblage (or groups) of organisms in the region resembles more closely Sea-floor sampling led to the collection of 63,340 benthic those in the southern Pacific Ocean than in the Indian Ocean. invertebrate specimens, comprising 1,073 species, 602 genera and 357 families, from 11 phyla. These samples The beam trawls took a total of 108 species of fishes from 49 provided the first information on the composition, abundance families in depths of 200 to 3000 m. Most species occurred and distribution of infauna, epifauna, fishes and microbes in infrequently. The great majority of species had been previously the central Great Australian Bight’s deep waters. Depth plays recorded from Australian waters (90 per cent) and the Great a dominant role in structuring most groups of organisms. Australian Bight (75 per cent). A lower proportion of previously recorded species occurred at greater depths (1700 to 3000 The 200 multi-corer samples taken at the 30 sites yielded m), where there had been virtually no sampling prior to the 1,303 individual infauna specimens, representing at least GABRP (74 per cent previously recorded in Australian waters, 258 species. Abundance of organisms was related to depth, and 30 per cent in the Bight waters). The fauna is dominated with a decrease in abundance in waters deeper than 400 by families that typically occupy the deep ocean: rat-tails m. Samples collected in 2013 and 2015 differed, indicating (Macrouridae), cut-throat eels (Synaphobranchidae), morid substantial variability over time.

* Combined Great Australian Bight Research Program and Great Australian Bight Deepwater Marine Program data.

Below: Left to right: Deep-sea ghost flathead, mysid prawns and giant hatchet fish.

18 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 19 cods (Moridae), oreo dories (Oreosomatidae), slickheads These endemic microbes are likely to have the capacity to

(Alepocephalidae), cusk eels (Ophidiidae) and halosaurs degrade hydrocarbons, and could play an important role in Left: (Halosauridae). The Macrouridae was the most diverse and degrading spilled oil. A polychaete, Paradiopatra species, found in the sediments at depth in the Great Australian Bight (Photo: Hugh MacIntosh, Museum Victoria). abundant group in waters 400 m and deeper. Endemic species were most prevalent in shelf break (200 m) The study also identified key habitats, communities and species, and upper- to mid-slope (400-1500 m) depths, and declined developed maps of distributions, and evaluated methods for with increasing depth. Fish biomass was significantly related monitoring future changes in status. Data from unperturbed to depth, being relatively low at 200 m, highest at 400 m, then sites provided the basis for evaluating indicators and metrics for steadily declining to 3000 m. future comparisons. The benthic habitat models and molecular identification tools are significant legacies for future science and Researchers in the Benthic Biodiversity Theme also undertook monitoring programs in the region. the first study of deep-water hydrocarbon-degrading microbes in temperate Australia. They used molecular techniques to find and characterise the unique groups of hydrocarbon- Research discovers nearly 277 new species living in degrading microbes in the Great Australian Bight. They found the depths of the Great Australian Bight and found 2mm bacterial species related to known hydrocarbon-degraders. 887* species in the region for the first time. This new understanding of sea-floor animals has transformed the Bight into one of the best-understood deep-sea Below: regions in Australia. Two deep-sea voyages on board Australia’s national research vessels, previously the Southern Surveyor and more recently the RV Investigator, characterised the deepwater pelagic and benthic community structure, and identified key ecological * Combined Great Australian Bight Research Program and Great Australian Bight processes in the central and eastern Great Australian Bight. This information will Deepwater Marine Program data. assist in developing a whole-of-system understanding of the region, which will inform future integrated and sustainable management.

Right: A decapod, Mundia species, one of the 1,073 benthic species identified from 63,000 specimens collected from depths of 200 to 4,500m in the Bight.* (Photo: Hugh MacIntosh, Museum Victoria).

2mm

Above: An isopod, Plakolana species. In total 277 new species were found in the depths of the Great Australian Bight.* (Photo: Hugh MacIntosh, Museum Victoria).

1mm

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 21 Tracking and understanding ICONIC SPECIES predators and their habitats AND APEX PREDATORS Field surveys and tagging New information collected includes the first abundance programs conducted during estimates for common dolphins in the eastern Great Australian Bight and for two colonies of flesh-footed the GABRP’s Ecology of shearwaters and little penguins on offshore islands. Iconic Species and Apex

Predators Theme provided Researchers undertook the first surveys of the occurrence Researchers conducted an offshore pelagic survey between and distribution of baleen and toothed whales in offshore shelf the du Couedic Canyon, south west of Kangaroo Island, and and slope habitats, including the first characterisation of the the continental shelf break south of Head of Bight. Longline new information about the foraging habitats of sperm whales. Inshore aerial surveys in the sets caught five pelagic shark species, including blue shark coastal and shelf waters out to 100 m depth between Ceduna (Prionace glauca), shortfin mako (Isurus oxyrinchus), common distribution, abundance and Coffin Bay identified five species of cetaceans, including thresher (Alopias vulpinus), bigeye thresher (A. superciliosus), southern right whales (Eubalaena australis), humpback whales and school shark (Galiorhinus galeus). (Megaptera novaeangliae), minke whales (Balaenoptera sp.), and movement of several short-beaked common dolphins (Delphinus delphis) and Satellite tags deployed on sharks (blue, shortfin mako, white bottlenose dolphins (Tursiops spp.). Researchers estimated the and bigeye thresher) showed they traversed widely but there iconic species. presence of 20,000 to 22,000 short-beaked common dolphins was evidence of species-specific preferences for particular in coastal waters, demonstrating the importance of the eastern habitats and depths. The occurrence of the predominantly Great Australian Bight for this species. subtropical and tropical bigeye thresher shark in the Bight, and its subsequent migration to waters off Exmouth, Offshore aerial surveys focusing on the shelf break and 200 Western Australia, was a new scientific discovery. m depth contour counted 58 cetaceans, comprising at least eight species (including blue whales, Balaenoptera musculus brevicauda; a fin whale, Balaenoptera physalus; sperm whales, Physeter macrocephalus; pilot whales, Globicephala melas; killer whales, Orcinus orca; Risso’s dolphins, Grampus griseus; short-beaked common dolphins; and common or offshore bottlenose dolphins).

An offshore visual and acoustic survey in an area of the shelf break and slope of the eastern Bight detected vocalisations of odontocetes (toothed whales) and sperm whales, and sightings of sperm whales, pilot whales, and a beaked whale.

Right: The Great Australian Bight is critical to the Australian sea lion, with most of its breeding occurring in the region. However, there is concern over the species’ status as population numbers continue to decline. 22 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 23 A comprehensive synthesis of recent and historic surveys respectively; the only known breeding sites for the species Researchers developed improved statistical methods for highlighted that the Great Australian Bight supports 93 per in the eastern Great Australian Bight. estimating the position of southern bluefin tuna from archival cent and 98 per cent of Australian populations of Australian tags, and for examining their feeding, habitat preferences and sea lion (Neophoca cinerea) and long-nosed fur seal A second project combined at-sea movement data from seasonal distribution, providing new insights on their migration (Arctophoca forsteri), respectively. In contrast, only 18 per cent nine iconic and apex predator species that use the Bight to patterns and feeding behaviour. Data from 110 archival tags of the population of Australian fur seal (Arctocephalus pusillus create one of the world’s largest tracking databases. Data deployed from 1998 to 2011, and an additional 125 electronic doriferus) occurs in the region. from satellite tracking and GPS tags obtained between 1995 tags deployed in 2014 showed that their migrations were and 2016 were collated for Australian sea lions, long-nosed highly variable between individuals, with the individuals Populations of long-nosed fur seal (114,540 individuals; 24,063 fur seals, Australian fur seals, short-tailed shearwaters, little themselves changing paths from year to year. The Great pups) and Australian fur seal (14,811 individuals; 3291 pups) penguins, white sharks, blue sharks, shortfin mako sharks Australian Bight represents a region of global importance for have largely recovered from historical sealing. However, and southern bluefin tuna. Aerial survey and historical southern bluefin tuna, which consistently use the Bight from populations of the threatened Australian sea lion are smaller presence data for pygmy blue whale and sperm whales summer to autumn. than previously estimated (10,728 individuals; 2801 pups) were also collated. and undergoing a rapid decline. The rate of decline across While the proportion of time that juvenile southern bluefin the Great Australian Bight was equivalent to a 76 per cent Analysis of 4924 tracks and over 15,000 observations from tuna spent in surface waters in the Great Australian Bight decrease over three generations (~38 years), meeting the aerial surveys and historical data identified species that varied, most occurred at depths of 50 m or less throughout IUCN criteria for ‘Endangered’. The integration of existing permanently reside in the Great Australian Bight or use it the day and night. However, they spent more time at the data on populations of Australian sea lions, long-nosed fur periodically for feeding or breeding as part of broad-scale surface during the day. Most feeding occurring around dawn seals and Australian fur seals is a significant legacy from the migrations. Individuals of some migratory species are present in shallow depths. GABRP that will enhance their future management. in the Bight region year-round, while others are present only in summer to autumn. The timing of feeding suggests that juvenile southern bluefin

Researchers recorded crested terns at six islands. Above: tuna track their prey visually. Dawn and dusk periods are Comparisons with results from earlier surveys suggest a 98% of Australia’s long-nosed fur seal population are in the likely to provide enough light for identifying and pursuing Great Australian Bight. Females feed in shallow shelf waters potential decline in little penguins since 2004 of 80 per cent near colonies in summer and offshore waters in winter. prey. Juvenile southern bluefin tuna in the Bight spend a large Below: at Olive Island and 66 per cent at Pearson Island. The first Models using historical data collected over 13 years provided a new understanding proportion of the day at the surface; this may be a form of of the movement, feeding and diving behaviour of southern bluefin tuna in the Bight. Models were developed to predict the general distribution quantitative surveys of flesh-footed shearwaters estimated Additional tags, deployed as part of this Program, will potentially extend the time behavioural thermoregulation, allowing them to increase their 928 and 5785 breeding pairs at Lewis and Smith Islands, series to ~30 years. and foraging habitats for the 11 key iconic and apex predator body temperature, which could increase digestion and growth species identifying shared foraging habitats and key regions rates above levels that could be achieved in other coastal or used by many species in the eastern central and western oceanic environments. Great Australian Bight. Results confirmed the region is highly significant, both in the national and global context, for many marine predators.

Another project investigated historical patterns in the Below: The continental shelf and shelf break in the eastern and western movement, behaviour and preferred habitats of juvenile Bight were identified as high usage based on data collected from southern bluefin tuna in the Great Australian Bight. Southern Australian sea lions, Australia fur seals, long-nosed fur seals, little penguins, short-tailed shearwaters, blue shark, shortfin bluefin tuna are one of Australia’s most valuable fisheries, mako sharks, white sharks, southern bluefin tuna, sperm whales and 95 per cent of the commercial catch is from the Bight. (presence only data) and blue whales (presence only data).

High use Latitude

Medium use

Low use

Longitude

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 25 Distribution and foraging maps of apex predators and iconic species demonstrate the importance of the Great Australian Bight, both in the Australian sea lions national and global context, Long-nosed fur seals for many marine species. Australian sea lions Mako sharks Blue sharks White sharks Little penguins Short-tailed shearwaters Crested terns

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 27 Identifying petroleum systems PETROLEUM GEOLOGY and tracking hydrocarbons AND GEOCHEMISTRY Oil and gas exploration Geochemical analysis of the composition of liquids and has occurred in the Great gases provided a clearer understanding of possible source rocks that generated hydrocarbons, including the eastern Australian Bight for years. Ceduna/Duntroon Sub-basins. The GABRP’s Petroleum

Geology and Geochemistry This research Theme has significantly enhanced prospectivity and reduced exploration risks within the Bight Basin. Theme investigated the To understand the distribution of hydrocarbons in sediments, researchers used multi-disciplinary approaches including structural and geomechanical evaluation, seismic data, occurrence and potential identification of seabed features, and sampling of the sea-floor in areas of possible seepage and far field locations. The deep- mechanisms of hydrocarbon water slope of the Ceduna Basin includes features with the highest potential for fluid leakage. Researchers identified three sea-floor areas where reconnaissance for potential seepage seepage, and measured could be undertaken. Data collected during two voyages provided no evidence of seepage; however, the Basin is large 50 µm hydrocarbon concentrations so an absence of seepage in the Great Australian Bight has not been confirmed. Qualitative organic geochemical analyses Above: of organic matter isolated from seawater, seabed sediment, Fluid inclusion methodologies identified traces of oil in sediments, such as sand, as well as analysing their geochemical characteristics and entrapment history. in the Bight Basin. net samples and headspace gases indicate that petroleum hydrocarbons are below the limits of detection. This suggests an absence of hydrocarbon seepage in and around the Tar ball and asphaltite strandings have declined over the sampling region. past 20-plus years, suggesting reduced seepage and, in the case of tar balls, improved environmental practices for tanker A second project investigated the distribution, composition washing and oil spillage in Indonesian waters. and likely origins of coastal bitumen strandings along South Australian beaches. It provided the first multi-year geospatial, One soft asphaltic bitumen recovered from the Limestone geochemical and oceanographic study of the stranding of Coast was unique, and likely to be a product from a coastal bitumen (asphaltite and tar balls) on representative Cretaceous marine source rock similar to that which gave beaches along the entire South Australian coastline. rise to the asphaltites; this suggests the existence of an Researchers sampled 31 beaches after winter in 2014, 2015 active petroleum system in the Bight Basin. At least two and 2016, yielding a total of 631 specimens – the largest waxy bitumen sub-families lack Indonesian signatures and collection from an Australian region. may originate from seeps in offshore basins along Australia’s western and southern continental margins. The discovery Tar balls (waxy bitumen) mainly strand in the upper parts of of new oil families of non-Indonesian provenance in bitumens south west facing ocean beaches and are most common on found on the South Australian coastline has important the Limestone Coast, in the south east of the state. Denser implications for the prospectivity of the Bight. asphaltites tend to accumulate on beaches with a northwest aspect, and are more common along the west coast of the Researchers used oceanographic models to describe the Eyre Peninsula. source of observed strandings of tar balls and asphaltites, 28 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 29 finding that winter conditions transport materials west to east rocks in the basin were capable of generating petroleum. The study proved the existence and can supply materials to all beaches in the Great Australian Researchers geochemically fingerprinted this petroleum Bight, consistent with the widespread discovery of Indonesian using the Molecular Composition of Inclusions method. of hydrocarbons in the central waxy bitumens. The most likely source of strandings on the They showed the organic matter was sourced not only Eyre Peninsula is located west of Kangaroo Island and overlies from terrestrial plants but, for the first time, algae and Type the Duntroon Sub-basin and eastern part of the Ceduna Sub- II kerogen. Modelling the trapping conditions (pressure- deep-water Ceduna Sub-basin, basin, where leakage may occur. temperature) indicates that petroleum migrated from the Late Cretaceous (~70-75 Ma) onwards in the deep Ceduna Sub- Hidden oil and gas, contained within fluid inclusions trapped in basin and was recorded at later times on the basin margin. and bitumen strandings sand grains, has been used by researchers to trace migration, source and timing of petroleum in six offshore wells in the The combined studies of bitumen strandings and fluid provided evidence of hitherto Bight Basin and provided geochemical analogues to assess inclusions has provided evidence of active, hitherto unknown the potential origin of coastal bitumen strandings. petroleum systems in the Great Australian Bight and improves the exploration potential of the Bight Basin. unknown petroleum systems Discovery of microscopic oil-bearing and gas-rich inclusions in the Great Australian Bight. by the Grains with Oil Inclusions™ method implies that some Below: Location of the Bight Basin with component sub-basins. © Commonwealth of Australia (Geoscience Australia) 2016.

30 STR AUSTRAA SUT AUSTRAA

PERTH Eyre Sub- basin

Cape POLDA Leeuwin ADELAIDE Ceduna BASIN BIGHT BASIN Sub-basin Bremer Sub-basin Recherche Sub-basin Denmark Duntroon Sub-basin Sub-basin KANGAROO ISLAND

OTWAY BASIN

40 0 500m

120 130 0-3647-1

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 31 Profiles of the economy SOCIO-ECONOMIC and community ANALYSIS The pristine marine Regional communities in the Eyre Peninsula and West Coast environment was a key of South Australia could be affected by the development factor underlying many of a petroleum industry in the Great Australian Bight. people’s attachment to So an understanding of the nature, structure and capacity west coast (not part of any local government area). Almost of these communities is needed to predict the impacts. 83 per cent of the region’s population was born in Australia; the region. Researchers in the GABRP’s Socio-economic Analysis Theme over 5.5 per cent (3162) identified as an Aboriginal person in undertook the first targeted socio-economic assessment of the 2011 census. The Nauo (south western Eyre), Barngarla the Eyre Peninsula, and developed an economic model for (eastern Eyre), Wirangu (north western Eyre), and Mirning (far the region that can be used in assessments of the economic western Eyre) are the Aboriginal Nations that were present impacts of future developments. when Europeans arrived, and they maintain traditional ties to Country in the study area. The region’s population was 56,286 in 2011 (3.5 per cent of South Australia). Approximately 64 per cent of the region’s The research provided a regional economic baseline, population lived in the City of Whyalla (22,088) and City of Port identifying the range and relative importance of different Lincoln (14,086), while 635 people lived on the unincorporated industries to employment, income and the processes currently

Below: driving development. The project developed a series of A baseline of social and economic data of the Eyre Peninsula and West Coast regional models for subsequent analysis of economic impacts. region has been developed, against which future development and change can be assessed. Photo: Crystal Beckmann.

32 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 33 Above: Above: Commercial fishing continues to make a significant Developing a social understanding of communities across the contribution to the economy of the Great Australian Bight. Eyre Peninsula and West Coast region was critical in understanding how offshore oil and/or gas activities in the Great Australian Bight may affect these communities.

The social baseline study identified that the region is employment opportunities from an oil and gas development Most of the value from wild-caught fisheries comes from the The expected range of alternative employment opportunities characterised by a small and sparsely distributed population would result in an influx of workers. Infrastructure in the South Australian State-managed fisheries. The aquaculture was seen as a positive. While it was recognised that much and highly dependent on primary industries (that is, region was considered relatively poor by the community, and industry in inshore and coastal waters is largely based on of the labour associated with development would most likely agriculture, fishing and aquaculture). There is migration improvements in infrastructure as a result of any development ranching of juvenile southern bluefin tuna, initially taken be specialised; the increase in population would increase the of younger residents to larger centres and Adelaide for would benefit existing industries. from the Commonwealth fishery. The tuna ranching activity demand for support services. An influx of workers associated employment and education. The population and workforce in contributes around two thirds of the value of aquaculture with the development of the oil industry would not only the region are older than the rest of South Australia. There is A third project focused on the fisheries and aquaculture production in South Australia. The Pacific Oyster industry increase the population directly, but may also contribute to a strong attachment to place in the region, with the pristine industries in the Great Australian Bight. The project has also developed into a major aquaculture industry, with the retention of young people who may otherwise leave. coastal and marine environment a key factor underlying this determined the current economic status of the different South Australia now the major producer of Pacific Oysters attachment. Attitudes to development were largely positive, fisheries and aquaculture businesses, including gross value in Australia. Concern was raised in the social baseline study about the with expectations of alternative employment opportunities of production, profitability and contributions to the regional potential environmental consequences of the proposed generated directly (by the oil industry) and indirectly (through economy. Researchers undertook a qualitative assessment of The Theme’s three projects identified a range of potential development, and the effect that this may have on fisheries increased population in the region). Residents raised concerns the potential impacts of development on the region’s fisheries. positive and negative impacts of the development of an (both commercial and recreational) and other marine life, about potential environmental damage. oil and/or gas industry in the region. Lack of appropriate particularly whales. Given the importance of ecotourism to South Australia’s fishing and aquaculture industries are infrastructure was identified as a major constraint to the region, any environmental damage was considered to Another project documented the socio-economic status important to the region’s economy, generating 25 per cent development, with both social and economic consequences. have potential negative economic consequences. From a of the regional communities and identified concerns about of Australia’s seafood by value. Total gross value of production Many people had expectations that the development of an fisheries and aquaculture perspective, the major threat was the development of an oil industry in the Eyre Peninsula and has remained relatively constant over the past decade, oil industry would contribute to the improved development of an oil spill. Qualitative modelling of different hypothetical West Coast regions. The economic baseline study largely ranging between $400 and $500 million per annum, but in infrastructure such as roads, rail, port facilities and airports. oil spill scenarios suggested that coastal aquaculture was confirmed findings from the social survey, namely that primary real terms has declined by around one third. Most of the year- This in turn would have spin-off effects for tourism (through particularly at risk of an oil spill; albeit the likelihood of such a industries were the dominant sectors for gross regional to-year variation occurs in aquaculture production, with the better access) and the exporting industries, as well as spill is low. Despite these environmental concerns, the regional product and employment. Unemployment was lower than wild-caught fisheries being relatively stable in terms of gross contributing to safety (through better roads) and better access communities were largely supportive of development. the State average, partly due to the migration from the region value of production. Similarly, most of the reduction in gross to health services. Further, better airport infrastructure would of those seeking employment. The economic study found value of production in real terms since 2000–01 has been facilitate the increase of fly-in-fly-out workers, with possible that there was a skills shortage in the region, and that direct in aquaculture, with a 50 per cent decline. benefits to the local mining industry.

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 35 Bringing it all together MODELLING AND Researchers evaluated INTEGRATION the Great Australian The GABRP’s Modelling and Integration Theme developed Bight’s vulnerability to two ecosystem models, Ecopath with Ecosim (EwE) and Atlantis, to integrate disparate datasets (including old climate change, fisheries, and new knowledge) and test hypothetical scenarios of development in the region. The two models will help future aquaculture and oil spills. management of the Bight’s socio-ecological systems.

Researchers used the models to evaluate the vulnerability size, diets, habitat preferences, migratory patterns, metabolic of key species, food webs, habitats and animal groupings rates, and life history strategies), which represent the entire to potential ecosystem stressors, including climate change, food web – inshore and offshore, pelagic and demersal, and fisheries, aquaculture and oil spills. They assessed the from bacteria and phytoplankton up to top predators. impacts of multiple stressors and identified socio-economic and ecological trade-offs associated with future multiple use Both models also included fishing fleets. Researchers of the Great Australian Bight. obtained annual fishery landings and effort data for the Bight from 2006–11 for 34 fishing fleets, and estimated discard rates The researchers in this theme also integrated work across the from independent surveys. These data were then used to GABRP, establishing a whole-of-system understanding of the shape the form of the fisheries in the models and to see if the Bight to support future management of the region. models could reproduce historical trajectories for the region. Atlantis also included a simple representation of recreational Ecopath describes the energy flow of an ecosystem at a fishing, shipping, energy generation, ports and catchment use. point in time, while Ecosim forecasts ecosystem responses to environmental changes. Brought together as EwE, the Researchers integrated data from across the GABRP into the simulation can evaluate trade-offs among fishing and two models (EwE and Atlantis) to simulate the Great Australian aquaculture activities. The Great Australian Bight EwE Bight ecosystem and examine the ecological consequences model included seven types of mammals, eight birds, six of hypothetical scenarios involving changes in temperature, chondrichthyans, 24 teleosts, two farmed finfish and shellfish, fishing pressure, stock abundances, spatial management, three cephalopods, 17 other invertebrates, two bacteria or an accidental release of fuel along one of the Bight’s and microbes, four autotrophs, and one detritus. The model major shipping routes. Scenarios of high fishing had the used dietary information, biomass, consumption per unit of greatest negative impact on relative biomasses of individual biomass, production per unit of biomass, and ecotrophic functional groups, while scenarios of ocean warming had efficiency to create the model. the largest impacts on the indicators of ecosystem structure and integrity. Oil spills caused by potential off-shore shipping The whole-of-system, or end-to-end, model Atlantis is accidents would have greatest impacts on seabirds, pelagic designed to support strategic assessments of the interactions fishes and marine mammals, with flow on effects to the whole among sectors and evaluation of the potential ecological, ecosystem, but only in a confined area immediately around economic and social costs and benefits of development the incident’s footprint. The simulations allow whole-of-system scenarios, including cumulative impacts. It incorporates management decisions to be tested in support of sustainable oceanographic data and dynamics (e.g. temperature, salinity, development. and horizontal and vertical advection-diffusion) and 64 functional groups (each group aggregates species with similar 36 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 37 A conceptual model that integrated knowledge of ATLANTIS MODEL ecosystem processes and socio-economic values obtained in the Great Australian Bight Research Program.

AQUACULTURE Industry BIOPHYSICAL Food web statistics ASSESSMENT & habitat Mussels Algae Climate & Oysters

Tuna Monitoring

Oceanography & Geochemistry

Transport & Shipping

Lobby Groups Recreational Commercial

Profit Costs Management Decision & Markets actions rules Social FISHING Networks, MANAGEMENT Culture & Jobs

Other Industries, SOCIAL & Catchment & inflows ECONOMIC

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 39 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS

Manuscripts Manuscripts

Baghurst B, Lukatelich R, Smith D, Begg Eveson J, Patterson T, Hartog J and Invertebrate diversity in the deep Pascoe S, Beer A, Thredgold C, Coupled stratigraphic and fault seal Williams A, Althaus F, MacIntosh G, Lewis L and Smith R (2017). Evans K (In Press). Modelling Great Australian Bight (200-4600m). Young M and Whetton S (In Prep). modelling used to describe trap H, Loo M, Gowlett-Holmes An integrated study of environmental, surface rates of southern bluefin Journal: Marine Biodiversity Establishing a social and economic integrity in the frontier Bight Basin, K, Tanner J.E, Sorokin S.J economic and social values. tuna in the Great Australian Bight. Records. baseline prior to the development of Australia. Marine and Petroleum and Green M (In Review). The APPEA Journal Volume 57(2), Deep Sea Research Part II - Great an offshore oil industry: an example Geology, Volume 86, September Characterising the invertebrate pp.388-392. Australian Bight Special Issue. Mackay A.I, Bailleul F, Goldsworthy from the Great Australian Bight. 2017, pp. 474-485. megafaunal assemblages of a https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ16144. S.D (In Press). Sperm whales in the Target Journal: Ocean and Coastal deep-sea (200-3000 m) frontier Fulton E.A, Bulman C.M, Goldsworthy Great Australian Bight: synthesising Management. Tanner J, MacIntosh H, Williams A region for oil and gas exploration: Bailleul F, Richardson L, van Ruth S (2018). Navigating the Great historical and contemporary data and Althaus F (In Review). Spatial the Great Australian Bight, Australia. P, McMahon C.R, Harcourt Australian Bight using systems to predict potential distribution. Patten N and van Ruth P (In Review). patterns in infaunal and meiofaunal Deep Sea Research Part II - Great R.G, Middleton J, Ward T and models. The APPEA Journal. Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Plankton community composition assemblages from the Great Australian Bight Special Issue. Goldsworthy S (In Review). Australian Bight Special Issue. and size structure in the Great Australian Bight continental slope. Animal-borne instruments provide Fulton, E.A. , Bulman, C.M. , Pethybridge, Australian Bight (southern Australia). Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Williams A, Althaus F, Pogonoski J, new observations of seasonal H., Goldsworthy, S. (In Review) McCauley R, Gavrilov A.N, Jolliffe C.D, Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Australian Bight Special Issue. Osterhage D, Gomon M, Graham subsurface oceanographic features Modelling the Great Australian Bight Ward R and Gill P (In Review). Australian Bight Special Issue. K, Appleyard S.A, Gledhill D, over the continental shelf of the Ecosystem. Deep Sea Research II, Pygmy blue and Antarctic blue Tanner J.E, Althaus F, Sorokin S.J and Bray D, McMillan P, Green M, whale presence, distribution and Patten N, van Ruth P and Redondo Williams A (In Review). Benthic Great Australian Bight. Deep Sea GAB Special Issue. Doyle S, Graham A, Tanner J and population parameters in southern Rodriguez (In Press). Spatial biogeography of the southern Research Part II - Great Australian Ross A (In Press). Composition, Flynn A.J, Kloser R.J, Sutton C and Australia based on passive variability in picoplankton, bacteria Australian deep sea: do historical Bight Special Issue. diversity and biogeographic Revill A.T (In Review). Micronekton acoustics. Deep Sea Research and viruses in waters of the Great museum records accord with affinities of the deep-sea (200- Bilgman K, Parra G and Möller L.M assemblages and bioregional Part II - Great Australian Bight Australian Bight (southern Australia). recent systematic survey data? 3000 m) fish assemblage in the (In Press). Occurrence, distribution setting of the Great Australian Bight. Special Issue. Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Journal: Ecology and Evolution. Great Australian Bight, Australia. and abundance of cetaceans Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Australian Bight Special Issue. Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Middleton J, Luick J and James C Van de Kamp J, Hook S, Williams A, off the western Eyre Peninsula Australian Bight Special Issue. Australian Bight Special Issue. in the Great Australian Bight. (In Review). On the Seasonal Patterson T, Eveson P, Hartog J, Evans Tanner J and Bodrossy L Hook S, Revill A, Mondon J, Corbett P, Averaged Ocean Circulation of the K, Cooper K, Lansdell M, Hobday (In Review). First characterisation Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Wiltshire K, Tanner J, Althaus F, Armstrong E, Song J, Tanner J, Great Australian Bight: a modelling A.J and Davies C (In Review). of hydrocarbon degrading Australian Bight Special Issue. Sorokin S and Williams A Stalvies C, Ross A and Williams study. Deep Sea Research Part Cross-basin migration dynamics microbial communities in deep-sea (In Review). Predicting Doubell M, Spencer D, van Ruth P, A (In Review). Naturally occurring II - Great Australian Bight Special in juvenile southern Bluefin tuna. sediments of the Great Australian environmental suitability for key Lemckert C and Middleton J hydrocarbon content and baseline Issue. Journal: Scientific Reports. Bight, Australia. Journal: The ISME benthic taxa in an ecologically and (In Review). Observations of condition of deep-sea benthic fauna Journal (Nature Publishing Group). economically important deep-sea from the Great Australian Bight. O’Hara TD, Harding C (2014). A new Patterson T, Hobday A, Evans K, vertical turbulent nitrate flux during environment. Deep Sea Research species of Sigsbeia and additional Eveson P and Davies C Van Ruth P, Patten N, Doubell M, summer in the Great Australian Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Part II - Great Australian Bight records of ophiuroids from the (In Review). Southern bluefin tuna Chapman P, Redondo-Rodriguez Bight. Deep Sea Research Part II - Australian Bight Special Issue. Special Issue. Great Australian Bight. habitat use and residence patterns A and Middleton J (In Review). Great Australian Bight Memoirs Kempton R, Bourdet J, Gong S, Ross in the Great Australian Bight. Seasonal- and event-scale Special Issue. of Museum Victoria, Volume 72, Deep A and Pironon J (2017). Petroleum December 2014, pp. 131-140. Sea Research Part II - Great variations in the influence of Downie R, Richardson A and Kloser R migration in the Bight Basin: a fluid Australian Bight Special Issue. upwelling on enrichment and (In Review). Spatial patterns of inclusion approach to constraining Oke P.R and Griffin D.A (In Review). primary productivity in the eastern mezoplankton size structure in source, composition and timing. Ocean circulation in the Great Revill A.T, Williams A, Althaus F and Great Australian Bight. Deep Sea pelagic ecosystems of the The APPEA Journal Volume 57(2), Australian Bight in an eddy-resolving Gaskell B (In Review). Trophic Research Part II - Great Australian Great Australian Bight. pp. 762-766. ocean reanalysis: the eddy field, interactions of a deep-sea (200-3 Bight Special Issue. seasonal and interannual variability. 000m) benthic fauna identified from Deep Sea Research Part II - Great https://doi.org/10.1071/AJ16222. compound specific stable isotope Verma A, Duncan A and Kloser R.J Australian Bight Special Issue. Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Langhi L, Strand J and Ross A (2016). Australian Bight Special Issue. analysis of amino acids. Deep Sea (2017). Potential use of broadband Edwards DS, Vinall DR, Corrick AJ Fault-related biogenic mounds in Research Part II - Great Australian acoustic methods for micronekton and McKirdy DM (2016). Natural the Ceduna Sub-basin; implications Pascoe S and Innes J (2018). Economic Bight Special Issue. classification.Acoustics Australia, bitumen stranding on the ocean for hydrocarbon migration. Marine impacts of the development of Volume 45, August 2017 – Issue 2, beaches of Southern Australia: a and Petroleum Geology, Volume 74, an offshore oil and gas industry Smith D, Begg G, Lukatelich R, Anson pp. 353-361. historical and geospatial review. June 2016, pp. 47-58. on fishing industries: A review T, Baghurst B, Ham J, Lapidge of experiences and assessment S, Lewis R, Ormandy P, Smith R Ward, T., Lukatelich, R., Smith, D., Transactions of the Royal Society MacIntosh H, Althaus F, Williams A, methods. and Ward T (In Review). A whole Begg, G., and Smith, R. (2014). of South Australia, Volume 140, Reviews in Fisheries Tanner J, Alderslade P, Ahyong S, of systems approach to improved Benefits of establishing ecological July 2016 – Issue 2, pp. 152-185. Science and Aquaculture, Volume Criscione F, Crowther A, Farrelly 26 2018, Issue 3, pp. 350-370. understanding of the environmental, and socio-economic baselines Evans K, McCauley R, Eveson P and C, Finn J, Goudie L, Gowlett- economic and social values of a during the exploration phase: case Patterson T (In Press). Holmes K, Hosie A, Kuprianova Pasoce S (In Review). Assessing relative frontier marine oil and gas field: study in the Great Australian Bight. A summary of oil and gas E, Mah C, McCallum A, Merrin K, potential economic impacts of an establishment, success factors and The APPEA Journal Volume 54(2), exploration in the Great Australian Miskelly A, Mitchell M, Murray A, oil spill on commercial fisheries in lessons learnt. Deep Sea Research 479-479. https://doi.org/10.1071/ Bight with particular reference O’Hara T, O’Loughlin PM, Paxton the Great Australian Bight using a Part II - Great Australian Bight AJ13052. to southern bluefin tuna. H, Reid AL, Sorokin SJ, Staples Bayesian Belief Network framework. Special Issue. Strand J, Langhi D, Walker-Smith G, Whitfield Deep Sea Research Part II - Great Deep Sea Research Part II - Great L, Ross A.S and Dyt C (2017). E and Wilson R.S (Submitted). Australian Bight Special Issue. Australian Bight Special Issue.

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 41 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS

Reports Reports

Bailleul F, Goldsworthy S.D, Rogers Fulton E.A, Goldsworthy S.D, Bulman Hook S, van de Kamp J, Williams A, Kloser R, Williams A, van Ruth P, Pascoe S, Beer A, Thredgold C, Young Ross A and Kempton R (2017). Theme P.J, MacKay A.I, Jonsen I, C.M, Pethybridge H.R and Rogers Tanner J.E, Bodrossy L (2016). Tanner J, Downie R, Doubell M, M and Whetton S (2017). Theme 5: Petroleum Geochemistry of the Hindell M and Patterson T (2017). P.J (2017). Knowledge integration Spatial distribution and diversity in Flynn A, Keith G, Ryan T and 6: Socio-economic analysis. Great Australian Bight. Theme Identifying biologically important of socio-ecological systems of the hydrocarbon degrading microbes Hughes D (2016). RV Investigator Theme Report. Great Australian Report. Great Australian Bight areas for iconic species and apex Great Australian Bight: Ecosystem in the Great Australian Bight I: Voyage Summary for the Marine Bight Research Program, GABRP Research Program, GABRP predators in the Great Australian Modelling. Final Modelling Report Functional Gene Distribution. Great National Facility. Great Australian Research Report Series Number Research Report Series Number Bight. Final Report GABRP GABRP Project 7.1. Great Australian Australian Bight Research Program, Bight Research Program, 61 pp. 36, 24 pp. 38, 25 pp. Project 4.2. Great Australian Bight Research Program, GABRP GABRP Research Report Series McCauley R Program Highlights 2013-2017: The Ross A, Corrick A, Trefry C, Gong Bight Research Program, GABRP Research Report Series Number 29, Number 8. (2016). Great Australian Great Australian Bight Research S, McKirdy D, Hall T, Dyt C, Research Report Series Number 185 pp. Bight Sea Noise 2015: Whale; Program. Angelini Z, Kempton R, Pickard 23, 116 pp. Hook S, van de Kamp J, Williams A, fish; seismic survey; and ambient Building a bigger picture Gill PC (2016). Offshore cetacean aerial Tanner J.E, Bodrossy L (2016). noise. Report to Great Australian of the Bight, August 2017, 20 pp. A, White C, Maslin S, Griffin D, Beer A and Thredgold C (2017). Social surveys in the Great Australian Bight Spatial distribution and diversity in Bight Research Program, GABRP Middleton J, Luick J, Armand S, profile of the Eyre Peninsula 2015-16. Blue Whale Study Inc., hydrocarbon degrading microbes Research Report Series Number Redondo Rodriguez A, King E and Vergara T and Schinteie R (2017). Doubell M (2015a). Regional and West Coast region. Final Report to SARDI. Great Australian in the Great Australian Bight II: 13, 37 pp. Asphaltite and tar ball surveys. availability of MODIS imagery Report GABRP Project 6.1. Bight Research Program, GABRP Analysis of bacterial and archaeal Final Report GABRP Project 5.2. Middleton J.F, Griffin D, Luick J, in the Great Australian Bight. Great Australian Bight Research Research Report Series Number community structure. Great Great Australian Bight Research Herzfeld M, Hemer M, James Program, GABRP Research 10, 26 pp. Australian Bight Research Program, Great Australian Bight Research Program, GABRP Research C and Oke P (2017). Theme 1: Report Series Number 16, 98 pp. GABRP Research Report Series Prorgram, GABRP Research Report Series Number 25, 321 pp. Goldsworthy S.D, Mackay A.I, Bilgmann Number 9, Great Australian Bight Physical Oceanography of the Great Report Series Number 3, 6 pp. Ross A, Trefry C, Langhi L, Strand J, Bilgmann K, Parra G.J and Moller L.M K, MÖller L.M, Parra G.J, Gill Research Program. Australian Bight. Theme Report. (2014). Inshore cetacean survey P, Bailleul F, Shaughnessy P, Great Australian Bight Research Redondo Rodriguez A, King E and Stalvies C, Ahmed M, Armand between Ceduna and Coffin Bay, Reinhold S-L and Rogers P.J Kempton R (2015). GOI™ results from Program, GABRP Research Doubell M (2015b). Validation S, Fuentes D, Gong S, Sestak eastern Great Australian Bight. (2017). Status, distribution and petroleum wells in the Great Report Series Number 31, 18 pp. of MODIS imagery in the Great S, Crooke E, Qi X, Gresham M, Australian Bight. Great Australian Bight Research abundance of iconic species Australian Bight. CSIRO Report Great Australian Talukder A and Maslin S (2017). Middleton J.F, Griffin D, Luick J, Program, GABRP Research Report and apex predators in the Great EP155295 (open file), 1 July 2015, Bight Research Program, GABRP Delineation and characterisation Herzfeld M, James C and Oke Series Number 1, 40 pp. Australian Bight. Final Report 23 pp. Research Report Series Number of cold hydrocarbon seeps. Final GABRP Project 4.1. Great Australian P (2017). Physical oceanography 4, 27pp. Report GABRP Project 5.1. Bourdet J (2015). Pressure/temperature Bight Research Program, GABRP Kempton R, Boudet J and Gong S (2017). of the Great Australian Bight: the Great Australian Bight Research Redondo Rodriguez A, Middleton J and constraints of hydrocarbon Research Report Series Number Petroleum migration in the Bight science that underpins. Final Program, GABRP Research Proctor R (2015). Accessing migration in Gnarlyknots-1A & 15, 227 pp. Basin: a fluid inclusion approach to Report GABRP Project 1.1. Report Series Number 17, 145 pp. Greenly-1, Great Australian Bight. constraining source, composition Great Australian Bight Research IMOS satellite data and converting into CSV format, Version 2. CSIRO Report EP155317 (open file), Gong S (2015). MCI geochemistry from and timing. Final Report GABRP Program, GABRP Research Sasaki M and Beheregaray L.B (2016). 10 September 2015, 34 pp. Gnarlyknots-1A & Greenly-1, Great Project 5.3. Great Australian Report Series Number 20, 109 pp. Great Australian Bight Research Molecular assessment of benthic Australian Bight. CSIRO Report Bight Research Program, GABRP Program, GABRP Research and pelagic biodiversity in the Bourdet J. (2017) Pressure/temperature EP155315 (open file), 4 September Research Report Series Number 14, O’Neil M, Trevithick M, Whetton S, Report Series Number 5, 16 pp. Great Australian Bight: Barcoding. constraints of hydrocarbon 2015, 126 pp. 342 pp. Wittner G and Young M (2016). Great Australian Bight Research Rogers P, Ward T, van Ruth P, migration in Duntroon-1 and Economic baseline and model Program, GABRP Research Williams A, Bruce B, Connell Potoroo-1, Great Australian Bight. Gong S (2017). MCI and isotope Kempton, R. (2015) GOI™ results from report. GABRP Project 6.2. Report Series Number 12, 43 pp. S, Currie D, Davies C, Evans K, CSIRO report EP177647, geochemistry of gas and gasoline Jerboa-1 (revised) and Potoroo-1, Great Australian Bight Research Gillanders B, Goldsworthy S, Australia, 48 pp. range hydrocarbons from Great Australian Bight. CSIRO Program, GABRP Research Sorokin S.J, Williams A, Althaus F and Gnarlyknots-1A, Great Australian Report EP177645, Australia, 20 pp. Report Series Number 6, 79 pp. Griffin D, Hardman-Mountford, Tanner J.E (2017). Deepwater Ivey A, Kloser R, Middleton J, Evans K, Patterson T, Eveson P, Hobday Bight. CSIRO Report EP177105 sponges (Porifera) of the Great Richardson A, Ross A, Tanner A, Lansdell M, Cooper S and (Open File), Perth, Australia, 27 pp. Kloser R and van Ruth P (2017). Pascoe S and Innes J (2017a). Great Australian Bight. Project 3.1 – Great Davies C (2017). Southern bluefin Theme 2: Pelagic Ecosystem and Australian Bight fisheries: economic J and Young J (2013). Physical Australian Bight benthic biodiversity tuna: spatial dynamics and potential Griffin D, Hemer M, Hertzfeld M, James C Environmental Drivers. Theme and social benchmark study. Final processes, biodiversity and characterisation. Great Australian impacts of noise associated with and Luick J (2017). Surface waves Report. Great Australian Bight Report GABRP Project 6.3 – PART ecology of the Great Australian Bight Research Program, GABRP oil and gas exploration. Final and their effects on circulation.Final Research Program, GABRP A. Great Australian Bight Research Bight region: a literature review, Research Report Series Number Report GABRP Project 4.3. Great Report GABRP Project 1.2. Great Research Report Series Number Program, GABRP Research 197 pp. 30, 133 pp. Australian Bight Research Program, Australian Bight Research Program, 32, 21 pp. Report Series Number 24a, 41 pp. Rogers P.J, Drew M, Bailleul F GABRP Research Report Series GABRP Research Report Series Tanner J.E, Beheregaray L, Bodrossy Pascoe S and Innes J (2017b). Review and Goldsworthy S.D (2016). Number 18, 96 pp. Number 21, 35 pp. Kloser R, van Ruth P.D, Doubell M, L, Hook S, Oxley S, Sasaki M, van Downie R, Flynn A, Gershwin L, of the potential economic impacts Offshore survey of the biodiversity, de Kamp J and Williams A (2017). Evans K, Rogers P and Goldsworthy Hook S, van de Kamp J, Williams A, Patten N, Revill A, Richardson of the development of an offshore distributions and habitat use Molecular assessment of biodiversity A.E, Ryan T.E and Sutton C.A oil and gas industry on the Great of pelagic sharks in the Great S (2017). Theme 4: Ecology of Tanner J.E, Bodrossy L (2016). in the Great Australian Bight. Final Australian Bight fishing and Australian Bight. iconic species and apex predators. Development of a functional (2017). Characterisation of spatial Great Australian Report GABRP Project 3.2. aquaculture industry. Theme Report. Great Australian genomics assay to measure variability of offshore/slope plankton Final Report Bight Research Program, GABRP Great Australian Bight Research Bight Research Program, GABRP the abundance of hydrocarbon and micronekton communities. GABRP Project 6.3 – PART B. Research Report Series Number Program, GABRP Research Research Report Series Number degrading bacteria in the Great Final Report GABRP Project 2.2. Great Australian Bight Research 7, 77 pp. Report Series Number 26, 150 pp. 34, 19 pp. Australian Bight. Great Australian Great Australian Bight Research Program, GABRP Research Bight Research Program, GABRP Program, GABRP Research Report Series Number 24b, 97 pp. Research Report Series Number Report Series Number 22, 301 pp. 11, 17 pp. GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 43 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS

Reports Conference abstracts and presentations

The Great Australian Bight Research Williams A, Tanner J.E, Althaus F, Bailleul F, Goldsworthy S, Mackay Boudet J, Kempton R, Gong S, Ross Evans K, Patterson T, Eveson P and Sciences Association (AMSA) Program Progress Report 2016, Sorokin S, MacIntosh H, Green A, Rogers P, Page B, Baylis A, A and Pironon J (2016). Petroleum Davies C (2014). Multi-decadal Conference 2017, Darwin, August 2016, 52 pp. M, Brodie P and Loo M (2017). McKenzie J, Jonsen I and Hindell migrations in the Bight Basin: a fluid variability in the spatial dynamics 2-6 July 2017. Great Australian Bight benthic M (2015). The places to be in the inclusion approach to constraining of juvenile southern bluefin tuna. Griffin D, Hemer M, James C and The Great Australian Bight Research biodiversity characterisation. Final Great Australian Bight: areas of composition and timing. The Eighth 5th Bio-logging Science Herzfeld M Program, Building a bigger Report GABRP Project 3.1. ecological significance for multiple International Geofluids Conference, Symposium, Strasbourg, France, (2016). ‘What do we mean by “Surface Current’?’ picture of the Bight, November Great Australian Bight Research iconic species. The 21st Biennial Geofluids VIII 2016, Wuhan, China, 22-27 September 2014 2014, 20 pp. Program, GABRP Research Conference on the Biology of June 23-25 2016. (poster presentation). Australian Coastal Ocean Modelling Report Series Number 19, 361 pp. Marine Mammals, San Francisco and Observations (ACOMO) Thredgold C, Beer A, Cutler C, and US, December 2015. Catalano S, Yang Q, Wos-Oxley M, Evans K, Patterson T, Eveson P, Davies workshop, Canberra, Horne S (2015). Interim community Williams A, Trefry C, Tanner J, Gowlett- Sorokin S, Tanner J and Oxley A C, Lansdell M, Hobday A and 11-12 October 2016. profile and literature review, Project Holmes K, Crooke E, Qi X, Bailleul F, Goldsworthy S, Rogers P, (2018). Microbiomics from the deep: Cooper S (2016). Multi-decadal 6.1 Social profile of the Eyre Fortney J, Martin T and Lewis M Mackay A, Jonsen I, Hindell exploring the microbial diversity of variability in the spatial dynamics of Kempton R, Bourdet J, Gong S, Ross Peninsula and west coast region: (2013). Southern Surveyor voyage M and Patterson T (2018). deep sea sponges from the Great juvenile southern bluefin tuna. The A and Pironon J (2016). Petroleum literature review and community report April 3-22 2013. Great Biologically important areas for Australian Bight. Australian Marine 4th International Conference on The migration in the Bight Basin: a fluid analysis. Great Australian Bight Australian Bight Science Plan iconic species and apex predators Science Association (AMSA), Effects of Noise on Aquatic Life, inclusion approach to constraining Research Program, GABRP benthic, pelagic and petroleum in the Great Australian Bight. Adelaide, 1-5 July 2018. Dublin, Ireland, 10-16 July 2016 source, composition and timing. Research Report Series Number geochemistry themes, 199 pp. Australian Marine Sciences (poster presentation). Australian Earth Sciences 2, 95 pp. Association (AMSA) Conference, Corrick A, Hall P, McKirdy D, Gong Convention (AESC), Adelaide, Adelaide, 1 – 5 July 2018. S, Trefry C, Dyt C, Angelini Z, Everson P, Patterson T, Hartog J and 26-30 June 2016. Van Ruth P.D, Patten N.L, Bailleul F, Conference abstracts and presentations Ross A, Kempton R, Armand S Evans K (2017). Surfacing rates of Chapman P, Doubell M, Everett Bailleul F, Goldsworthy S, Rogers P, and White C (2016). A revised oil juvenile southern bluefin tuna in the Kempton R, Bourdet J, Gong S, Ross J, Goldsworthy S.D, Harcourt A and Pironon J (2017). Petroleum Althaus F, MacIntosh H, Williams A, Mackay A, Jonson I, Hindell M family classification scheme and Great Australian Bight. Australian R.G, McGarvey R, McMahon C.R, migration in the Bight Basin: a fluid Gowlett-Holmes K, Tanner J and and Patterson T (2018). Identifying geochemical weathering proxies for Marine Sciences Association Middleton J.F, Redondo Rodriguez inclusion approach to constraining Loo M (2017). Benthic invertebrate biologically important areas in the South Australian coastal bitumen (AMSA) Conference 2017, Darwin, A, Richardson A.E, Richardson L source, composition and timing. megafauna of the deep Great Great Australian Bight: valuable strandings. 19th Australian Organic 2-6 July 2017. and Ward T.M (2017). Spatial and Australian Petroleum Production & Australian Bight. Australian Marine information for the conservation and Geochemistry Conference, temporal variability in shelf microbial Fulton B, Smith D, Bulman C and Exploration Association (APPEA), Sciences Association (AMSA) management of marine megafauna. Fremantle, 4-7 December 2016. and plankton communities in the Goldsworthy S (2018). Navigating Conference & Exhibition, Perth, Conference 2017, Darwin, Natural Resource Management Great Australian Bight. Final Report Crowther A and Mitchell M (2018). First the Great Australian Bight using 14-17 May 2017. 2-6 July 2017. (NRM) Conference, Adelaide, GABRP Project 2.1. Great Australian 10-11 April 2018. comprehensive study of the deep- system models. Australian Kempton R, Bourdet J, Gong S, Ross Bight Research Program, GABRP Baghurst B (2017). Seeking whole- sea anemones (Cnidaria: Actiniaria) Petroleum Production & Exploration A and Pironon J (2017). Petroleum Research Report Series Number 27, of-system understanding: an Bailleul F, Goldsworthy S, van Ruth from the Great Australian Bight: 2015 Association (AAPEA) 2018, migration in the Bight Basin: a fluid 106 pp. integrated study of environmental, P, Harcourt R and McMahon C & 2017 surveys. Australian Marine May 2018, Adelaide. inclusion approach to constraining economic and social values. (2015). Assessing the smallest by one Sciences Association (AMSA), Ward T, Middleton J, Griffin D, Kloser Gershwin L (2016). The trouble with source, composition and timing. Australian Marine Sciences of the biggest: Australian sea lions Adelaide, 1-5 July 2018. R, van Ruth P, Goldsworthy S, jellyfish. Keynote address to the Internal presentation to Origin Association (AMSA) Launch, (Neophoca cinerea) as investigators Davies C, Williams A, Tanner Davies B and James N (2015). The National Academies of Science, USA. Energy, Brisbane, 3-6 July 2017. University of Adelaide, of primary production in the Great J, Ross A, Young M, Beer A, Australian Bight. Australian Marine origin of temperate carbonate The Deep Blue Sea: NAS/Keck 12 September 2017. Kempton R, Bourdet J, Gong S, Ross Pascoe S, Kempton R, Fulton Science Association (AMSA) slope sediments: Eastern Great Futures Initiative, Irvine, California, A and Pironon J (2017). Using fluid B and Bulman C (2017). Socio- Baghurst B, Lukatelich R, Smith D, Conference 2015, Geelong, Australian Bight. The Inaugural USA, 9 November 2016. inclusions to trace petroleum systems ecological systems of the Great Begg G, Lewis L and Smith R July 2015. Mountjoy Meeting, Advances in Gershwin L, Kloser R, Sutton C, Flynn – an integrated case study of oil and Australian Bight: synthesis of results (2017). An integrated study of Characterisation & Modelling of A, Downie R, Ryan T (2017). gas migration in the Bight Basin and findings.Final Synthesis environmental, economic and Begg G.A, Baghurst B, Lukatelich R, Complex Carbonate Reservoirs, The Siphonophores: fearsome predators to constrain source, composition Report GABRP Project 7.1. social values. Australian Petroleum Smith D.C, Lewis R and Smith R Banff Centre, Banff, Alberta, 23-28 in oceanic food webs. Australian and timing. The Geological Great Australian Bight Research Production & Exploration (2017). The Great Australian Bight August 2015 (poster presentation). Marine Sciences Association Society, Application of Analytical Program, GABRP Research Association (APPEA) Conference Research Program. Goyder Institute Doubell M, Middleton J, van Ruth P, (AMSA) Conference 2017, Darwin, Techniques to Petroleum System Report Series Number 28, 90 pp. & Exhibition, Perth, May 2017. for Water Research Water Forum, Adelaide, July 2017. Kloser R and Spencer D (2017). 2-6 July 2017. Problems, London, 28 February – Williams A and Tanner J.E (2017). Theme Baghurst B, Lukatelich R, Smith D, Contrasting water column structure 1 March 2017. Goldsworthy S, Middleton J, van Ruth 3: Characterisation and assessment Begg G, Lewis R and Smith Bilgmann K, Parra G.J and Moller L.M and mixing processes across the P, Leterme S and Lapidge S Kloser R, Ryan T and Downie R of deep-sea benthic biodiversity in R (2017). Great Australian Bight (2015). Occurrence, distribution Great Australian Bight. Australian (2015). SAIMOS – South Australian (2017). Exploring the slope/ the Great Australian Bight. Theme Research Program. Australian and abundance of cetaceans in Marine Sciences Association Integrated Marine Observing System. offshore Great Australian Bight Report. Great Australian Bight Marine Science Association the eastern Great Australian Bight, (AMSA) Conference 2017, IMOS planning meeting, Melbourne, (GAB) pelagic habitat paradox Research Program, GABRP (AMSA) Conference 2017, Darwin, southern Australia. 21st Biennial Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. Australia, 17 & 18 February 2015. with bioacoustics. International Research Report Series Number 2-6 July 2017. Conference of the Biology of Council for the Exploration of the 33, 16 pp. Marine Mammals, San Francisco, Evans K and Davies C (2014). Griffin D, Hammer M, Hertzfeld M, Sea (ICES) W 13-18 December 2015. Understanding the impacts of noise orking Group on James C and Oke P (2017). on juvenile southern bluefin tuna in Fisheries Acoustics Science and Circulation of the Great Australian the Great Australian Bight. Portland Technology meeting, Nelson, Bight: the influence of waves and the Upwelling Festival, Portland, 1 New Zealand, 5-7 April 2017. November 2014. Leeuwin Current. Australian Marine

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 45 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS

Conference abstracts and presentations Conference abstracts and presentations

Kloser R, Ryan T, Verma A, Sherlock M, Lee K, Smith D and Ross A (2014). Middleton J, Griffin D, Luick J and Patterson T, Eveson P, Hartog J, Evans Strand J, Langhi L and Ross A (2015). Van Ruth, P., Huveneers, C. (2016) Flynn A, Sutton C, Downie R and CSIRO R&D activities to address Hertzfeld M (2016). Ocean K, Hobday A and Davies C (2015). Predictive stratigraphic forward The Southern Australian Gershwin L (2016). New insights environmental issues related to modelling of the Great Australian Quantifying migration dynamics modelling of the Ceduna Sub- Integrated Marine Observing into pelagic habitat with combined offshore oil and gas development. Bight. National Australian in juvenile southern bluefin tuna basin; application to fault sealing. System – Strengths, weaknesses, vessel acoustics, nets and a Profiling Australian Petroleum Production Coastal Ocean Modelling and (Thunnus maccoyii). 3rd CLIOTOP American Association of Petroleum opportunities, threats. IMOS Lagrangian Acoustic, Optical System & Exploration Association (APPEA) Observations (ACOMO) workshop, Symposium, San Sebastián, Geologists International; Meeting National Planning Meeting, (PLAOS). International Council for Conference & Exhibition, Shine Dome in Canberra, Spain, 14-18 September 2015. 2015; 13-16 September 2015 March 2016, Hobart, Tasmania. the Exploration of the Sea (ICES) Perth, April 4-6 2014. 11-12 October 2016. (poster presentation). Revill A, Kloser R and Sutton C Van Ruth P, Patten N, Doubell M, Working Group on Fisheries and (2018). Sutton C, Flynn A and Kloser R (2017). Chapman P, Redondo-Rodriguez Acoustic Science and Technology, Lewis A (2015). Diversity in the deep: Patten N and van Ruth P (2015). Differentiating drivers of pelagic Micronekton in the Great Australian A and Middleton J (2018). Vigo Spain, 19- 22 April 2016. systematics, phylogenetics and Picoplankton community structure food webs in the central and biogeography of deep-sea isopods and virioplankton abundance in eastern Great Australian Bight using Bight. Australian Marine Sciences Seasonal- and event-scale variations Kloser R, van Ruth P, Doubell M, and amphipods. PhD presentations, offshore waters of the central Great compound specific amino acid Association (AMSA) Conference in the influence of upwelling on Richardson A and Revill A (2017). University of Adelaide, Australian Bight. Australian Marine nitrogen isotopes. Australasian 2017, Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. enrichment and primary productivity Exploring the slope/offshore Great September 2015. Sciences Association Conference, Environmental Isotope Conference in the eastern Great Australian Australian Bight (GAB) pelagic AMSA 2015, Geelong, July 2015. (AEIC), Wellington, New Zealand, Tanner J, Althaus F, Sorokin S and Bight. Australian Marine Sciences Williams A (2017). Biogeography habitat paradox. Australian Marine Lewis A, Austin A, Guzik M, King R 26-28 March 2018. Association (AMSA) Conference of southern Australian deep sea Sciences Association (AMSA) and Tanner J (2016). Diversity in the Patten N and van Ruth P (2016). 2018, Adelaide, 1-5 July 2018. Rogers P fauna. Conference 2017, Darwin, Deep: systematics, phylogenetics Environmental drive shifts in (2015). Pelagic shark research: Australian Marine Sciences Van Ruth P, Patten N and Redondo A 2-6 July 2017. and biogeography of deep-sea plankton and viral community an overview of SARDI projects. Association (AMSA) Conference crustaceans from the Great Australian composition in slope and offshore SARDI Seminar Series, SARDI 2017, Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. (2017). Variations in productivity in the Kloser R, Verma A, Ryan T, Sherlock M, Bight. University PhD Symposium, waters of the Great Australian Bight Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Great Australian Bight: uncovering Tanner J, Althaus F, Sorokin S, Sutton C and Gershwin L (2016). University of Adelaide, July 2016. (southern Australia). Theo Murphy 29 October 2015. hidden influences on the food web, New insights into mesopelagic Australian Frontiers of Science; The MacIntosh H, Gowlett-Holmes Conference PEP talk. Australian macrozooplankton using a profiling Lewis A, Austin A, Guzik M, King R Microbiome – Exploring the role Rogers P and Drew M (2016). Pelagic K and Williams A (2017). Infaunal Marine Sciences Association lagrangian acoustic optical and Tanner J (2017). Diversity in the of microorganisms in ecosystem shark research: an overview of assemblage structure in the deep (AMSA) Conference 2017, system, Interntional Council for the deep-sea: uncovering the diversity of processes and health, Adelaide, SARDI projects. Natural Resource GAB. Australian Marine Sciences Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. Exploration of the Sea (ICES)/North deep-sea crustaceans. Systematics November 29-December 1 2016. Management (NRM) Science Association (AMSA) Conference Pacific Marine Science Organization 2017: integrating systematics Conference – Sharing Science for 2017, Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. Verma A (2016). Passive Acoustic Monitors, (PICES) 6th Zooplankton Production for conservation and ecology, Patten N and van Ruth P (2017). Better Outcomes, Adelaide, Listening to the Soundscape. Curtin Van de Kamp, Hook J, Williams A, Symposium “New Challenges Adelaide, 26-29 November 2017. Shifts in plankton community 13-15 April 2016. Marine and Coastal Research Tanner J and Bodrossy L (2016). in a Changing Ocean”, Bergen, composition as indicators of Network Conference, Perth, McKirdy D, Corrick A, Ross A, Gong Sherlock M, Marouchos A and Williams Diverse hydrocarbon degrading Norway, 9-13th May 2016. enrichment processes in the Great 18 February 2016. A, Trefry C, Dyt C, Angelini Z, Australian Bight (southern Australia). A (2014). An Instrumented Corer microbial communities in a pristine Verma A Langhi L (2015). Fault-related biogenic Jobin O, Hall A, Edwards D (2015). Australian Marine Sciences Platform for Seabed Sampling and ocean basin, Poster for 16th (2016). Passive Acoustic Monitors, mounds: implications for hydrocarbon Understanding the geographical Association (AMSA) Conference Water Column Characterisation. International Symposium of Listening to the Soundscape. Marine migration in the Ceduna Sub-basin. distribution of historical and modern 2017, Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. IEEE Oceanic Engineering Society Microbial Ecology, 21-26 August and Coastal Research Network American Association of Petroleum asphaltite strandings along the South (OES) and Marine Technology 2016, Montreal, Canada (poster). Conference, Curtin University, Geologists (AAPG) - Society of Australian coastline. American Patten N, van Ruth P, Richardson A Society (MTS) conference, 18 February 2016. Van de Kamp, Hook S, Tanner J, Exploration Geophysicists Association of Petroleum and Redondo-Rodriguez A (2018). Oceans’14, Taipei, Taiwan, Williams A and Bodrossy L Verma A (2016). Ping to ping variations (SEG) International Conference Geologists (AAPG) - Society of Scenario driven shifts in upwelling April 7-10 2014. (2017). Diversity and abundance in the frequency dependent target & Exhibition 2015, Melbourne, Exploration Geophysicists (SEG) and downwelling drive food web Sorokin S and Goudie L (2017). of microbial hydrocarbon strength of single targets using 13-16 September 2015. International Conference dynamics in the eastern Great broadband echosounder (EK80), & Exhibition 2015, Melbourne, Australian Bight. Australian Marine Dominance and diversity of deep- degradation pathways in the Langhi L, Strand J and Ross A (2017). 13-16 September 2015. Sciences Association (AMSA) water sponges on the shelf edge offshore environments of the Great International Council for the 3D stratigraphic and fault seal Conference, Adelaide, and slope of the Great Australian Australian Bight. Australian Marine Exploration of the Sea (ICES) modelling: migration and trapping in Middleton J and Griffin D (2015). 1-5 July 2018. Bight, South Australia. World Sciences Association (AMSA) Working Group on Fisheries and the Great Australian Bight. American Oceanography: the science Sponge Conference, National Conference 2017, Darwin, Acoustic Science and Technology, Association of Petroleum that underpins. Australian Patterson T, Everson P, Hartog J, Evans University of Ireland, Galway, 2-6 July 2017. Vigo Spain, April 19-22 2016. Geologists (AAPG) ICE, Coastal Ocean Modelling and K, Lansdell M, Cooper S, Hobday June 25-30 2017. Van Ruth, P. D. (2014) Lower trophic Verma A, Duncan A and Kloser R (2016). 15th – 18th October 2017, London. Observations (ACOMO) Workshop, A and Davies C (2017). Cyclical Developing active broadband Canberra, 7 & 8 October 2014. migration dynamics in juvenile Sorokin S, Klautau M, Goudie L, ecosystem dynamics in southern Lapidge S (2016). A case study in southern bluefin tuna.Australian Crowther A, Fromont J, George Australian waters: known acoustic methods to investigate the collaborative research with Middleton J and Luick J (2017). Marine Sciences Association AM, McCormack S and Wahab knowns and known unknowns pelagic zone of the Great Australian MAA in the SAIMOS node region. industry. National Marine Science Circulation and dynamics of the Great (AMSA) Conference 2017, Darwin, (2017). Calcarea on the Bight, The 2nd Australasian Committee meeting, Canberra, Australian Bight. Australian Marine 2-6 July 2017. shelf edge of the Great Australian Deakin University, June 2014, Acoustical Societies’ Conference, April 2016. Sciences Association (AMSA) Bight, Australia. World Sponge Warrnambool, Victoria. ACOUSTICS 2016, Brisbane, Conference 2017, Darwin, Conference, National University of 9-11 November 2016. 2-6 July 2017. Ireland, Galway, June 25-30 2017.

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 47 PUBLICATIONS PUBLICATIONS

Conference abstracts and presentations Community engagement Community engagement

Verma A, Duncan A and Kloser R Ward T, Begg G, Smith D and Lukatelich Great Australian Bight Research Kloser R and van Ruth P (2015). Verma A (2015). How many fish? Three Goldsworthy S, Bailleul F and Patterson (2016). Development of wideband R (2014). Benefits of establishing Program Stakeholder Symposium, Theme 2: Physical ecosystem minute thesis. Great Australian T (2017). Project 4.2 Identifying acoustic classification techniques ecological and socio-economic SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, and environmental drivers. Bight Research Program Science areas of ecological significance for for mesopelagic micronektons. baselines during the exploration 19 August 2015. Great Australian Bight Research Symposium, SARDI Aquatic iconic species and apex predators Australian Acoustic Society WA phase: case study in the Great Program Science Symposium, Sciences, Adelaide, 19 August in the GAB. Great Australian Beer A (2015). Project 6.1: Socio profile Division 2016 State Seminar and Australian Bight. Australian SARDI Aquatic Sciences, 2015. Bight Research Program Science of the Eyre and western region: AGM, Perth, 7 October 2016. Petroleum Production & Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Symposium, SARDI Aquatic literature review and community Exploration Association (APPEA) Ward T, Fulton B, Goldsworthy S, Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. analysis. Verma A, Duncan A and Kloser R Conference & Exhibition, Perth, Great Australian Bight Lapidge S (2015). A new partnership for Bulman C and Loo M (2015). (2016). Ping to ping variations in the April 4-6 2014. Research Program Science a new whole of ecosystem initiative. Knowledge integration of the socio- Goldsworthy S, Bulman C and frequency dependent target strength Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Great Australian Bight Research ecological systems of the Great Rogers P (2017). Project 7.1 of single targets using a broadband Ward T, Middleton J, Griffin D, Kloser R, Sciences, Adelaide, Program Science Symposium, Australian Bight. Great Australian Knowledge integration of socio- echosounder (EK80), Working van Ruth P, Goldsworthy S, Davies 19 August 2015. Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Bight Research Program Science ecological systems of the GAB: Group abstract, ICES Working C, Williams A, Tanner J, Ross A, Symposium, SARDI Aquatic a trophodynamic model of the Corrick A (2015). The origin of coastal Group on Fisheries Acoustics Kempton R, Fulton B and Bulman Lewis A (2015). Diversity in the deep: Sciences, Adelaide, 19 August GAB ecosystem (Ecopath). Great bitumen strandings in South Science and Technology meeting C (2017). Synthesis and Integration. systematics, phylogenetics and 2015. Australian Bight Research Program Australia. Three minute thesis. in Vigo, Spain, April 19-22 2016. Australian Marine Sciences biogeography of deep-sea isopods Science Symposium, SARDI Association (AMSA) Conference Great Australian Bight Research and amphipods. Great Australian Whetton S and Young M (2015). Regional Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Verma A, Duncan A and Kloser R (2017). 2017, Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. Program Science Symposium, Bight Research Program Economic Baseline and Model. 9 August 2017. Calibration of broadband sonars SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Science Symposium, SARDI Great Australian Bight Research operating at depth. International Ward T, Smith D, Lukatelich R, Lewis Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Program Science Symposium, Goldsworthy S, MacKay A, Rogers P, Council for the Exploration of the R, Begg G and Smith R (2014). 19 August 2015 (3 minute thesis). SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Moller L, Parra G and Gill P (2017). Davies C, Cooper S, Evans K, Eveson Sea (ICES) Working Group on Integrated approach to ecological Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Project 4.1, Status, distribution P, Hobday A, Landell M and Fisheries Acoustics Science and and socio-economic research to Middleton J, Luick J, Griffin (2015).D and abundance of iconic species Patterson T (2015). Southern Technology meeting, Nelson, support the oil and gas industry: the Physical Oceanography: the Williams A and Tanner J (2015). Benthic and apex predators in the GAB. bluefin tuna spatial dynamics New Zealand, 5-7 April 2017. Great Australian Bight Collaborative science that underpins. Great biodiversity: projects 3.1 and 3.2. Great Australian Bight Research and potential impacts of noise. Research Science Program. Australian Bight Research Great Australian Bight Research Program Science Symposium, Verma A (2016). Developing active International Oil Spill Conference Great Australian Bight Research Program Science Symposium, Program Science Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, broadband acoustic methods to (IOSC) 2014, Savannah, Georgia, Program Science Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. investigate the pelagic zone of USA, May 5-8 2014. SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Adelaide, 19 August 2015. the Great Australian Bight. 2nd Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Griffin D, Hemer M, Herzfeld M, James C Pascoe S and Innes J (2015). Project Australasian Acoustical Societies Whiltshire K, Tanner J, Althaus F, Sorokin Great Australian Bight Research and Oke P (2017). Circulation of the Goldsworthy S and Davies C (2015). 6.3 Great Australian Bight fisheries Conference, ACOUSTICS 2016, S and Williams A (2018). Predicting Program Stakeholder Symposium, Great Australian Bight: the influence Theme 4: Ecology of Iconic benchmark study. Brisbane, 9-11 November 2016. environmental suitability for key Great Australian SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, of waves and the Leewin Current. Species and Apex Predators. benthic taxa in an ecologically and Bight Research Program Science 9 August 2017. Great Australian Bight Research Ward T (2013). A new partnership for a economically important deep-sea Great Australian Bight Research Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Program Science Symposium, new whole of ecosystem initiative. environment. Australian Marine Program Science Symposium, Sciences, Adelaide, Baghurst B (2017). Seeking whole-of- SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Joint Australian Society of Fish Sciences Association (AMSA) SARDI Aquatic Sciences, 19 August 2015. system understanding: an integrated 9 August 2017. Biology conference (ASFB), Conference. Adelaide, Adelaide, 19 August 2015. study of environmental, economic Ross A (2015). Project 5.1: Hydrocarbon New Zealand Freshwater Sciences 1 – 5th July 2018. and social values. Great Australian Kempton R, Bourdet J and Gong S Griffin D (2015). Surface waves: effects seeps. G Society (NZFSS), and New Zealand reat Australian Bight Bight Research Program Science (2017). Project 5.3: Fluid inclusions. on circulation. Great Australian Marine Sciences Society (NZMSS), Williams A, Graham K, Gomon M, Research Program Science Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Great Australian Bight Research Bight Research Program Science Hamilton, New Zealand, Bray D, McMillian P, Pognoski J, Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. Program Science Symposium, 19-23 August 2013. Appleyard S, Gledhill D, Doyle Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, S, Graham A, Osterhage D and Sciences, Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Beer A and Thredgold C (2017). Project 9 August 2017. Ward T (2013). A new partnership for a Althaus F (2017). The deepest 19 August 2015. 6.1: Social profile of the Eyre and Ross A new whole of ecosystem initiative. systematic collection of benthic fishes (2015). Project 5.2: Asphaltites Western region: literature review Middleton J and Griffin D (2017). Kempton R (2015). Project 5.3: Fluid and tarballs. Presentation to the BP Science in Australian waters – continental Great Australian and community analysis. Great Oceanography: the science that Inclusions. Great Australian Bight Network at the Harte Research slope and rise of the Great Australian Bight Research Program Australian Bight Research Program underpins. Great Australian Bight Research Program Science Institute, Houston, USA, July 2013. Bight. Australian Marine Sciences Science Symposium, SARDI Science Symposium, SARDI Research Program Science Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Association (AMSA) Conference Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Ward T (2013). AMSA and MISA played Sciences, Adelaide, 2017, Darwin, 2-6 July 2017. 19 August 2015. 9 August 2017. Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. an important role in establishing the 19 August 2015. GAB Research Program - what roles Wiltshire K, Tanner J, Sorokin S and Van Ruth P and Kloser R (2015). Davies C, Patterson T, Eveson P, Pascoe S and Innes J (2017). Project Kloser R (2015). Characterise seasonal can they play in the future. South Althaus F (2017). Assessing Theme 2: Pelagic ecosystem Hartog J, Hobday A, Cooper 6.3 GAB fisheries benchmark and spatial variability of offshore/ and environmental drivers. Australian division of the Australian environmental suitability of the Great S and Lansdell M (2017). SBT study and potential impacts of the slope plankton, and micronekton Marine Sciences Association GAB region for key deep-sea Australian Bight Research spatial dynamics and potential development. Great Australian communities. Great Australian (AMSA) Conference, Adelaide, 2013. benthic taxa using species Program Science Symposium, impacts of noise. Great Australian Bight Research Program Science Bight Research Program Science distribution modelling. Australian SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Bight Research Program Science Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Marine Sciences Association Adelaide, 19 August 2015. Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. Sciences, Adelaide, (AMSA) Conference 2017, Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. 19 August 2015. Darwin, 2-6 July 2017.

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Community engagement Community engagement

Ross A, Corrick A, Trefry C, Gong S, Industry meetings Community presentations and events Patten N and van Ruth (2015). Industry publications McKirdy D, Hall T, Dyt C, Angelini Picoplankton and virioplankton Begg G (2016). A case study in Baghurst B (2017). A case study in A wave of knowledge from deep in the Playing tag with tuna in the Bight, Z, Armand S, Kempton R, Picard in offshore waters of the Great collaborative research with industry. collaborative research with industry. Bight, Issue 237: Great Australian Issue 237: Great Australian Bight A, White C, Maslin S, Tucker L, Australian Bight; Nicole Patten Australian Southern Bluefin Tuna Presentation to Marine Innovation Bight feature, CSIRO publication, feature, ECOS, CSIRO publication, Margot S, Jobin O (2017). Project (SARDI); SARDI Seminar Series, Industry Association (ASBTIA) Southern Australia (MISA). https://blogs.csiro.au/ecos/ https://blogs.csiro.au/ecos/ 5.2: Asphaltites and tarballs. Great SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Industry Workshop, Port Lincoln, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, category/2017/issue-237-great- category/2017/issue-237-great- Australian Bight Research Program Adelaide, 2015. 15 November 2016. Adelaide, 17 March 2017. australian-bight/ australian-bight/ Science Symposium, SARDI Redondo Rodriguez A (2015). Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Evans K (2014). Southern bluefin tuna: Bailleul F (2015). In the eyes of the lion… Satellite Data – Access, Uses Great Australian Bight Research SBT research,TARFish Bulletin 9 August 2017. spatial dynamics and potential Program Looking at behaviour and habitat and Limitations, South Australian , The Australian Oil & Gas January 2015, impacts of noise. Australian Ross A, Langhi L, Talukder A, Trefry of Australian Sea Lions and other Research and Development Review; June 2015, pp. 10-11 http://www.tarfish.org/bulletins/ Southern Bluefin Tuna Industry C, Stalvies C, Gong S, Strand iconic marine predators in the Institute (SARDI) Seminar Series, TARFishBulletin201501.pdf Association (ASBTIA) Industry More than a mouthful, Issue 02, J, Ahmed M, Crooke E, Qi X GAB region. SARDI Seminar Adelaide, 2015. Workshop, Port Lincoln, Resourcing SA Autumn, 2016, and Gresham M (2017). Project Series, SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Australia, 27 November 2014. P. 08. Tracking the predators of the Bight, 5.1: Hydrocarbon seeps. Great Adelaide, May 2015. Issue 237: Great Australian Bight Australian Bight Research Program Evans K, Davies C, Patterson T, New Discoveries in the Bight, Issue 05, Begg G, Baghurst B, Lukatelich R, feature, ECOS, CSIRO publication, Science Symposium, SARDI Eveson P, Hobday A, Lansdell M, Resourcing SA Summer 2016, Smith D, Lewis R and Smith R https://blogs.csiro.au/ecos/ Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Bradford R and Cooper S (2015). pp. 24-25. (2017). The Great Australian Bight category/2017/issue-237-great- 9 August 2017. Southern bluefin tuna: spatial Research Program. australian-bight/ dynamics and potential impacts of Goyder Water Tanner J (2017). Benthic biodiversity: noise associated with oil and gas Forum, Adelaide, 4 July 2017. project 3.2. Great Australian exploration. Australian Southern Bight Research Program Science Great Australian Bight Research Bluefin Tuna Industry Association Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Program exhibit (2015), Science (ASBTIA) Science Workshop, Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. Alive 2015, 10th Anniversary Port Lincoln, 12 November 2015. of Science Alive – All kinds of Van Ruth, Patten N, Doubell M and Evans K, Patterson T, Eveson P, awesome, Adelaide, South Redondo Rodriguez A (2017). Hartog J, Hobday A, Cooper S, Australia, 8 & 9 August 2015. MODELS DEVELOPED Lower trophic ecosystem dynamics Landsdell M and Davies C (2016). in the Great Australian Bight. Great Australian Bight Research Southern bluefin tuna: spatial Great Australian Bight Research Program exhibit (2017), SARDI FOR THE GABRP dynamics and potential impacts Program Science Symposium, Aquatic Sciences Open Day, of noise. Australian Southern SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Adelaide, South Australia, Bluefin Tuna Industry Association 9 August 2017. 19 November 2017. (ASBTIA) Industry Workshop, Theme 1 - Oceanography Theme 3 – Sea-floor biodiversity Theme 6 – Socio-economic analysis Ward T, Middleton J, Griffin D, Kloser Port Lincoln, 15 November 2016. Lapidge S (2015). A new partnership for Hydrodynamic models for the Benthic species distribution models A Computable General Equilibrium R, van Ruth P, Goldsworthy S, a new whole of ecosystem initiative. Great Australian Bight using: for the Great Australian Bight. (CGE) model of the Eyre Peninsula. Davies C, Williams A, Tanner Great Australian Bight Research Bayesian Belief Network (BBN) Model J, Ross A, Young M, Beer A, Program. Presentation to Marine > ROMS (Regional Ocean Theme 4 – Apex predators Pascoe S, Kempton R, Fulton Innovation Southern Australia Modelling System); and (developed in Netica) adapted for the B and Bulman C (2017). Key (MISA), SARDI Aquatic Sciences, Distribution and habitat models of Great Australian Bight to assess the > SHOC (Sparse Hydrodynamic findings, outputs and legacy.Great Adelaide, October 2015. apex predators and iconic species potential fisheries impacts of an oil spill. Ocean Code) Australian Bight Research Program in the Great Australian Bight. Lapidge S (2016). A case study in Science Symposium, SARDI The Great Australian Bight component Theme 7 – Integration and modelling collaborative research with industry. Adapted generalised additive Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, of the Bluelink Global Ocean Model. Presentation to Marine Innovation models and hidden Markov models Ecosystem model for the Great 9 August 2017. Southern Australia (MISA). SARDI Wave models for the Great Australian to investigate southern bluefin Australian Bight using Ecopath tuna movement and behaviour. with Ecosim. Whetton S (2017). Regional Economic Aquatic Sciences, Adelaide, Bight using: Baseline, Economic Modelling and September 2016. Whole-of-system model for the > SWAN (Simulating Waves Theme 5 – Petroleum systems Scenario Testing. Great Australian Great Australian Bight using Atlantis. Lewis A (2015). Diversity in the deep: Nearshore) Bight Research Program Science Oceanographic modelling of systematics, phylogenetics and Conceptual models of the Great Symposium, SARDI Aquatic > NOAA WaveWatch III asphaltite and tarball strandings biogeography of deep-sea isopods Australian Bight system connections. Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017. in the Great Australian Bight using: and amphipods from the Great Theme 2 – Open Water Research Williams A (2017). Benthic biodiversity: Australian Bight, SARDI Student > The Bluelink ReANalysis (BRAN2015), CSIRO global project 3.1. Great Australian Symposium, SARDI Aquatic Conceptual models of lower trophic model, Forward tracks Bight Research Program Science Sciences, Adelaide, 2015. ecosystem dynamics. Symposium, SARDI Aquatic > BRAN2015 Backtracks Sciences, Adelaide, 9 August 2017.

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 51 AWARDS PARTICIPANTS

Great Australian Bight Research Program Research Office Co-Leader); Franziska Althaus, CSIRO; Conceptual Ecosystem Model Finalist in the 2017 South Australian Science Excellence Awards, Ben Baghurst, Research Director; Luciano Beheragaray, Flinders University; Development Excellence in Research Collaboration. Jane Ham, Senior Research Officer, Lev Bodrossy, CSIRO; Pamela Brodie, Tim Ward, SARDI (Theme Co-Leader); SARDI; Steve Lapidge, previous CSIRO; Anthony Chariton, CSIRO; Beth Fulton, CSIRO (Theme Co-Leader); Great Australian Bight Research Program Team Research Director; Tim Ward, Nick Ellis, CSIRO; Karen Gowlett- Simon Goldsworthy, SARDI (Theme Holmes, CSIRO; Mark Green, CSIRO; Co-Leader); Catherine Bulman, CSIRO; Winner SARDI Achievement Awards 2017, Delivery to Industry. previous Research Director. Paul Greenfield, CSIRO; Sharon Hook, Rebecca Gorton, CSIRO; CSIRO; Amelia Lewis, University of Heidi Pethybridge, The Great Australian Bight Research Program Management Committee CSIRO; Rod Lukatelich, BP, Chair; Adelaide; Mark Lewis, CSIRO; Maylene Paul Rogers, SARDI. Winner PIRSA Achievement Awards 2018, Rochelle Smith, BP; David Smith, Loo, SARDI; Leo Mantilla, SARDI; Excellence in Fostering Industry Capability. CSIRO; Phillipa Ormandy, CSIRO; Andrew Oxley, SARDI; Shirley Sorokin, PhD Students Gavin Begg, SARDI; Tim Anson, SARDI; Sarah Stephenson, CSIRO; Alex Corrick, University of Adelaide University of Adelaide; Minami Sasaki, Flinders University; (Supervisors: Tony Hall, University of Rob Lewis, Flinders University. Jodie van de Kamp, CSIRO. Adelaide; and David McKirdy, University of Adelaide; Andy Ross, CSIRO); Independent Science Panel Ecology of Iconic Species Amelia Lewis, University of Adelaide Ian Poiner, Chair; Richard Brinkman; and Apex Predators (Supervisors: Andy Austin, University Malcolm Clark; Robert Harcourt; Simon Goldsworthy, SARDI (Theme of Adelaide; Rachael King, SA Museum; PARTNERS Sarah Jennings; Peter McCabe; Co-Leader); Campbell Davies, CSIRO Michelle Guzik, University of Adelaide; Iain Suthers. (Theme Co-Leader); Fred Bailleul, SARDI; Jason Tanner, SARDI); Arti Verma, Curtin University (Supervisors: Alec Duncan, The Great Australian Bight Research Program is a collaboration Scott Cooper, CSIRO; Karen Evans, Curtin University; Rudy Kloser, CSIRO). between BP, CSIRO, the South Australian Research and BP Subject Matter Experts CSIRO; Paige Eveson, CSIRO; Alistair Hobday, Matt Lansdell, Development Institute (SARDI), the University of Adelaide, and Arden Ahnell; Peter Evans; CSIRO; CSIRO; Alice Mackay, Luciana Moller, Flinders University. The Program aims to provide a whole-of- Lawrence Gill; Colin Grant; SARDI; Other Participants Flinders University; Guido Parra, Flinders system understanding of the environmental, economic and Lisa Hawke; Dave Hedgeland; Major University; Toby Patterson, CSIRO; social values of the region; providing an information source Gayle Hough; Oliver Jones; Blue Whale Study Ltd Pty Paul Rogers, SARDI for all to use. Maarten Kuijper; Phil Middleton; Integrated Marine Observing System Paul Page; Oliver Pelz; Cynthia Pyc; Petroleum Geology and Geochemistry Marine National Facility Sam Walker; Anne Walls; Sarah Wilford; Museum Victoria Elizabeth Wild; Andrew Witt. Andrew Ross, CSIRO (Theme Co-Leader); Richard Kempton, CSIRO (Theme Co Minor Leader); Manzur Ahmed, CSIRO; Julien Core Staff Australian Institute of Marine Science Bourdet, CSIRO; Alex Corrick, University Oceanography Australian Museum of Adelaide; Emma Crooke, CSIRO; Centre de Recherches sur la Geologie John Middleton, SARDI (Theme Co Chris Dyt, CSIRO; Se Gong, CSIRO; des Matieres Premieres Minerales et Leader); David Griffin,CSIRO (Theme Mike Gresham, CSIRO; Laurent Langhi, Energetiques (CREGU) Co-Leader); Mark Doubell, SARDI; Stacey Maslin, David CSIRO; CSIRO; Curtin University Mark Hemer, CSIRO; Mike Herzfeld, McKirdy, University of Adelaide; April Griffith University CSIRO; Charles James, SARDI; Picard, CSIRO; Charlotte Stalvies, Lisa Goudie consultancy John Luick, SARDI; Peter Oke, CSIRO CSIRO; Julian Strand, CSIRO; Asrar Macquarie University Talukder, CSIRO; Christine Trefry, National Museum of Natural History, Pelagic Ecosystem and CSIRO; Xiubin Qi, CSIRO; Cameron Smithsonian Institution, USA Environmental Drivers White, CSIRO. New‑Fathom Pacific Pty Ltd Rudy Kloser, CSIRO (Theme Co-Leader); Queensland Museum Paul van Ruth, SARDI (Theme Co- Socio-economic Baseline South Australian Museum Leader); Fred Bailleul, SARDI; Sean Pascoe, CSIRO (Theme Leader); Texas A&M University, USA Mark Doubell, SARDI; Ryan Downie, Andrew Beer, University of Adelaide Universidade Federal do Rio de CSIRO; Adrian Flynn, CSIRO; (Theme Co-Leader); Mike Young, Janeiro, Brazil Lisa-ann Gershwin, CSIRO; University of Adelaide (Theme Co-Leader); University of Lodz, Poland Rick McGarvey, SARDI; Nicole Patten, Suraya Abdul Halim, University of University of New South Wales SARDI; Ana Redondo-Rodriguez, Adelaide; James Innes, CSIRO; University of Tasmania SARDI; Andy Revill, CSIRO; Anthony Michael O’Neil, University of Adelaide; University of Technology Sydney Richardson, CSIRO; Tim Ryan, CSIRO; Chris Paris, University of Adelaide; Matt Sherlock, CSIRO; Caroline Sutton, Gertrude Szili, University of Adelaide; CSIRO; Arti Verma, Curtin University; Charmaine Thredgold, Tim Ward, SARDI. University of Adelaide.

Bethic Biodiversity Alan Williams, CSIRO (Theme Co- Leader); Jason Tanner, SARDI (Theme

GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 53 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 55 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 57 GABRP: Program Findings 2013-2017 59 The Great Australian Bight Reseach Program Partners

To find out more please visit www.misa.net.au/GAB