Securing the Modern Electric Grid from Physical and Cyber Attacks
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SECURING THE MODERN ELECTRIC GRID FROM PHYSICAL AND CYBER ATTACKS HEARING BEFORE THE SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS, CYBERSECURITY, AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY OF THE COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES ONE HUNDRED ELEVENTH CONGRESS FIRST SESSION JULY 21, 2009 Serial No. 111–30 Printed for the use of the Committee on Homeland Security Available via the World Wide Web: http://www.gpoaccess.gov/congress/index.html U.S. GOVERNMENT PRINTING OFFICE 53–425 PDF WASHINGTON : 2009 For sale by the Superintendent of Documents, U.S. Government Printing Office Internet: bookstore.gpo.gov Phone: toll free (866) 512–1800; DC area (202) 512–1800 Fax: (202) 512–2250 Mail: Stop SSOP, Washington, DC 20402–0001 COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi, Chairman LORETTA SANCHEZ, California PETER T. KING, New York JANE HARMAN, California LAMAR SMITH, Texas PETER A. DEFAZIO, Oregon MARK E. SOUDER, Indiana ELEANOR HOLMES NORTON, District of DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California Columbia MIKE ROGERS, Alabama ZOE LOFGREN, California MICHAEL T. MCCAUL, Texas SHEILA JACKSON LEE, Texas CHARLES W. DENT, Pennsylvania HENRY CUELLAR, Texas GUS M. BILIRAKIS, Florida CHRISTOPHER P. CARNEY, Pennsylvania PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York CANDICE S. MILLER, Michigan LAURA RICHARDSON, California PETE OLSON, Texas ANN KIRKPATRICK, Arizona ANH ‘‘JOSEPH’’ CAO, Louisiana BEN RAY LUJA´ N, New Mexico STEVE AUSTRIA, Ohio BILL PASCRELL, JR., New Jersey EMANUEL CLEAVER, Missouri AL GREEN, Texas JAMES A. HIMES, Connecticut MARY JO KILROY, Ohio ERIC J.J. MASSA, New York DINA TITUS, Nevada VACANCY I. LANIER AVANT, Staff Director ROSALINE COHEN, Chief Counsel MICHAEL TWINCHEK, Chief Clerk ROBERT O’CONNOR, Minority Staff Director SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS, CYBERSECURITY, AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY YVETTE D. CLARKE, New York, Chairwoman LORETTA SANCHEZ, California DANIEL E. LUNGREN, California LAURA RICHARDSON, California PAUL C. BROUN, Georgia BEN RAY LUJA´ N, New Mexico STEVE AUSTRIA, Ohio MARY JO KILROY, Ohio PETER T. KING, New York (Ex Officio) BENNIE G. THOMPSON, Mississippi (Ex Officio) JACOB OLCOTT, Staff Director DR. CHRIS BECK, Senior Advisor for Science and Technology DANIEL WILKINS, Clerk COLEY O’BRIEN, Minority Subcommittee Lead (II) C O N T E N T S Page STATEMENTS The Honorable Yvette D. Clark, a Representative in Congress From the State of New York, and Chairwoman, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology ...................................................... 1 The Honorable Daniel E. Lungren, a Representative in Congress From the State of California, and Ranking Member, Subcommittee on Emerging Threats, Cybersecurity, and Science and Technology ....................................... 4 The Honorable Bennie G. Thompson, a Representative in Congress From the State of Mississippi, and Chairman, Committee on Homeland Security .. 5 WITNESSES PANEL I Dr. William R. Graham, Chairman, Commission to Assess the Threat to the United States From Electromagnetic Pulse: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 8 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 9 Mr. Mark Fabro, President and Chief Security Scientist, Lofty Perch: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 12 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 14 Mr. Michael J. Assante, Chief Security Officer, North American Electric Reli- ability Corporation: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 20 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 23 Mr. Steven T. Naumann, Vice President, Wholesale Markets, Exelon Corpora- tion; Representing Edison Electric Institute and Electric Power Supply Association: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 27 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 28 PANEL II Mr. Joseph H. McClelland, Director of Reliability, Federal Energy Regulatory Commission: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 47 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 48 Ms. Patricia A. Hoffman, Acting Assistant Secretary, Office of Electricity Delivery and Energy Reliability, Department of Energy: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 54 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 56 Mr. Sea´n P. McGurk, Director, Control Systems Security Program, National Cybersecurity Division, Office of Cybersecurity and Communications, Na- tional Protection and Programs Directorate, Department of Homeland Secu- rity: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 61 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 63 Ms. Cita M. Furlani, Director, Information Technology Laboratory, National Institute of Standards and Technology: Oral Statement ..................................................................................................... 66 Prepared Statement ............................................................................................. 68 (III) IV Page APPENDIX I Submitted for the Record by Chairwoman Yvette D. Clarke: Letter From Michael J. Assante, Chief Security Officer, North American Electric Reliability Corporation ....................................................................... 85 Statement of the National Association of Regulatory Utility Commissioners 86 Statement of William Radasky and John Kappenman ..................................... 88 Statement of Emprimus LLC .............................................................................. 95 Statement of the EMP Commission .................................................................... 99 Statement of Applied Control Solutions, LLC ................................................... 101 Statement of Advanced Fusion Systems, LLC ................................................... 106 Statement of the Canadian Electricity Association ........................................... 108 Statement of Industrial Defender, Inc. .............................................................. 114 Statement of Southern California Edison .......................................................... 120 APPENDIX II Questions Submitted by Chairwoman Yvette D. Clarke ...................................... 127 SECURING THE MODERN ELECTRIC GRID FROM PHYSICAL AND CYBER ATTACKS Tuesday, July 21, 2009 U.S. HOUSE OF REPRESENTATIVES, COMMITTEE ON HOMELAND SECURITY, SUBCOMMITTEE ON EMERGING THREATS, CYBERSECURITY, AND SCIENCE AND TECHNOLOGY, Washington, DC. The committee met, pursuant to call, at 2:13 p.m., in Room 311, Cannon House Office Building, Hon. Yvette D. Clarke [Chair- woman of the subcommittee] presiding. Present: Representatives Clarke, Thompson, Richardson, Luja´n, Lungren, and Austria. Also present: Representatives Harman, Lofgren, Langevin, Jack- son Lee, Pascrell, and Bartlett. Ms. CLARKE [presiding]. The subcommittee will come to order. The subcommittee is meeting today to receive testimony on se- curing the modern electric grid from physical and cyber attacks. We have been joined here today by many of my distinguished col- leagues, who don’t sit on this subcommittee, but who are an inte- gral part of the deliberations that we do, and I would like to ac- knowledge them and ask that they be given unanimous consent to sit and participate in our hearing today. Hearing no objection, so ordered. I want to recognize some of our colleagues from other committees who are participating in today’s hearing, including Mr. Bartlett. We would not have a robust road map for addressing the EMP threat if it were not for his vision and leadership and I thank him for that. I also have my colleagues who serve on the full committee, Zoe Lofgren, of California, Congresswoman Jackson Lee of Texas, and Mr. Bill Pascrell of New Jersey. I thank you for attending this very important hearing. We expect to be joined by many other Members, and I would like to just acknowledge them in absentia for right now; Mr. Langevin, who is my predecessor as Chair of this committee. I would like to congratulate him on his new Chairmanship and thank him for his leadership on the electric grid security issue. I would also be expecting a colleague on the Subcommittee for In- telligence to the Homeland Security Committee, Ms. Harman, and thank her for her attendance today. Unfortunately, a number of my colleagues and our friends from the Energy and Commerce Committee are unable to attend and participate in today’s session due to their work on the health care (1) 2 legislation. We have reached out to Mr. Waxman, Mr. Markey, and Mr. Barrow to ask them to act with urgency on the subject matter we will discuss today. Our national health care delivery system, just like all of our crit- ical infrastructure systems,