DOCSLIB.ORG

Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Spider Ants, Genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ⇑ Andrea Lucky

Total Page：16

File Type：pdf, Size：1020Kb

Download full-text PDF Read full-text
Molecular Phylogeny and Biogeography of the Spider Ants, Genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ⇑ Andrea Lucky Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (2011) 281–292 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/ympev Molecular phylogeny and biogeography of the spider ants, genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) ⇑ Andrea Lucky Department of Entomology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA article info abstract Article history: This study provides the first phylogenetic reconstruction of the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr, a promi- Received 5 June 2010 nent endemic component of rain forest and wet sclerophyll forest in Australia, New Guinea and New Cal- Revised 17 February 2011 edonia. Five genes are used to reconstruct phylogeny and estimate of ages of diversification in order to Accepted 2 March 2011 test congruence of the history of nuclear and mitochondrial genes: three protein-coding nuclear genes: Available online 13 March 2011 arginine kinase (argK, 897 bp), long wavelength rhodopsin (LW Rh, 546 bp) and wingless (Wg, 409 bp), as well as the large subunit ribosomal gene 28S (482 bp) and the mitochondrial gene cytochrome oxidase Keywords: I (COI, 658 bp). Four different partitioning schemes were tested for optimal resolving power; results show Leptomyrmex that partitioning by gene, translational pattern and codon position were uniformly favoured over less Australia New Guinea complex partitions. Nuclear markers showed relatively minor sequence divergence and provided strongly New Caledonia supported topology; phylogeny based solely on mtDNA produced somewhat conflicting topology but Phylogeny offered little power to resolve species complexes. Monophyly of the genus Leptomyrmex was recovered, Divergence dating as was the sister-group relationship of ‘micro-’ and ‘macro-’ Leptomyrmex species. Divergence dating analyses estimate that Leptomyrmex arose in the Eocene (stem age 44 million years ago (ma)), and that the ‘macro-’ species diverged from the ‘micro-’ species in the early Oligocene (31 ma). Diversification of the crown group ‘macro-’ and ‘micro-’ Leptomyrmex occurred in the Miocene (15 ma and 7.9 ma, respec- tively). New Guinean and New Caledonian lineages appear to have diverged from Australian lineages only recently (4.7 ma and 10.3 ma, respectively), and the latter clade is inferred to have reached New Cale- donia from Australia via long distance dispersal. These results challenge previous hypotheses of Lepto- myrmex classification and assumptions about their historical dispersal, but are in agreement with the current knowledge of the geological history of Melanesia. Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. 1. Introduction (Moritz et al., 2000). A wealth of studies have focused on insects (Austin et al., 2004); unfortunately most of the studied taxa belong Recent studies documenting the diversification history of Aus- to widespread lineages with well-developed dispersal capabilities, tralasian and Melanesian biota have begun to illuminate temporal which blurs the signature of historical dispersal (e.g. Duffels and and spatial biogeographic patterns contributing to current mosaics Turner, 2002; Balke et al., 2007). This study reconstructs the phy- of regional and local diversity. Traditionally, occurrence patterns in logeny of a genus of ants with limited dispersal ability and with endemics lineages were attributed to Gondwanan vicariance. New a global distribution limited to Australia, New Guinea (NG) and evidence from plants, vertebrates and invertebrates points towards New Caledonia (NC) (Fig. 1): the ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr. the importance of dispersal events in shaping distributions in Aus- Leptomyrmex is a prominent component of rain forest and wet tralasia and the western Pacific (Jønsson et al., 2010; Lucky and sclerophyll forest in Australia, New Guinea and New Caledonia. Sarnat, 2010; Keppel et al., 2009; Smith et al., 2007; Murienne These large, colorful, diurnal ants are common foragers on the et al., 2005; see also Noonan and Sites, 2010). ground and in trees in intact, mature forests (Plowman, 1981; Increasingly, divergence dating offers a temporal scale to these Wheeler, 1915), where their spider-like posture and movements evolutionary patterns, often illustrating diversifications as rela- have earned them the common name of ‘spider ants’ (Shattuck, tively recent, post-dating Gondwanan breakup (Cook and Crisp, 1999). Leptomyrmex constitutes a potentially powerful model for 2005; Crisp et al., 2004) but predating Pleistocene glaciations studies of biogeography. Most queens are wingless, thus mater- nally inherited mtDNA is expected to track local colony movement, ⇑ Present address: Department of Biology, North Carolina State University, whereas nuclear genes should reflect contributions from disper- Campus Box 7617, Raleigh, NC 27695-7617, USA. Fax: +1 919 515 5327. sive, winged males (Berghoff et al., 2008; Ross and Shoemaker, E-mail address: [email protected] 1997). As Leptomyrmex are severely dispersal-limited, colony 1055-7903/$ - see front matter Ó 2011 Elsevier Inc. All rights reserved. doi:10.1016/j.ympev.2011.03.004 282 A. Lucky / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (2011) 281–292 Fig. 1. Global distribution of extant Leptomyrmex species, with points representing individual specimen records. Geographic ranges of the principal clades are outlined, with line weight indicating relative species diversity in each area. Regions of biogeographic importance are identified as follows: AU = Australia, BG = Burdekin Gap, CY = Cape York, MMO = McPherson–Macleay Overlap, NC = New Caledonia, NG = New Guinea. reproduction presumably involves founding queens walking to the molecular data presented here provide a robust and indepen- new nest sites (Wheeler, 1934). The exception includes several re- dent set of characters that clarify species-group and interspecific cently described and small, so-called ‘micro-’ Leptomyrmex species relationships, as well as provide a foundation for historical biogeo- (Smith and Shattuck, 2009), which possess winged queens. Deter- graphic analysis of this genus. The implications of the timeline of mining the relationship of winged to wingless Leptomyrmex is ex- divergences within this genus are discussed in relation to the bio- pected to contextualize the origin of flightlessness in this lineage. geographic context of other Australian and Melanesian endemic Despite the local abundance and visibility of these ants in areas taxa and a putative fossil of Leptomyrmex. of high conservation priority (Nakamura et al., 2007), their poten- tial to serve as habitat indicators in ecological surveys and conser- vation monitoring has not been fully realized because of difficulties 2. Materials and methods in species-level discrimination. Shattuck’s (1992) revision of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae called attention to the need for revi- 2.1. Taxon selection sionary work in Leptomyrmex, and suggested that many of the 40 specific and subspecific designations (Bolton et al., 2007; Wheeler, Species sampling and spatial coverage spanned the diversity 1934) within the genus are likely synonymous. An extensive mor- and distribution of Leptomyrmex nearly completely. Twenty-three phological review of Leptomyrmex from major collections around of the 27 known Leptomyrmex species are represented in analyses the world overturned previously proposed species boundaries (fresh material was unavailable for one ‘macro-’ and three ‘micro-’ but found a limited number of useful characters for interspecific species: Leptomyrmex melanoticus Wheeler, Leptomyrmex aitchisoni discrimination in this genus (Lucky and Ward, 2010). This study Smith and Shattuck, Leptomyrmex pilosus Smith and Shattuck, and is the first phylogenetic analysis of the genus Leptomyrmex, and Leptomyrmex ramorniensis Smith and Shattuck), sampled from 67 A. Lucky / Molecular Phylogenetics and Evolution 59 (2011) 281–292 283 populations (Table 1). Multiple representatives of most species lated in the program MEGA4 (Tamura et al., 2007), using both were included to test species boundaries proposed by previous uncorrected p-distances and the Tamura–Nei model. morphological studies (Wheeler, 1915, 1934; Smith and Shattuck, Phylogeny was inferred using Maximum Likelihood with the 2009). Images of all ‘macro-’ Leptomyrmex species are available at program RaxML 7.0 (Stamatakis et al., 2008) and using a Bayesian the website http://www.antweb.org and in a taxonomic revision approach with the program MrBayes 3.1 (Huelsenbeck and of the genus (Lucky and Ward, 2010). Specimens were selected Ronquist, 2001), accessed through CIPRES (http://www.phylo.org). to represent the extent of species’ geographic ranges and morpho- The effect of data partitioning was investigated using both meth- logical differences, in order to accurately represent intraspecific ods, and four different partitioning strategies were employed variation. (Table 3). The first and simplest involved no partitions, the second Outgroup taxa are drawn from the closest known relatives of partitioned the data by gene, the third partitioned the data by Leptomyrmex, the dolichoderine genera Dorymyrmex Mayr and gene and by translational pattern (e.g. introns, exons), and the Forelius Emery and a distantly related dolichoderine genus, Linepit- fourth partitioned the data by all aspects: gene, translational hema Mayr (Brady et al., 2006; Ward et al., 2010). pattern, and codon position within exons (1st and 2nd position vs. 3rd position). The appropriate model of nucleotide sequence 2.2. Gene selection evolution was selected
Load more

Recommended publications
  • Hymenoptera, Formicidae)
    Belg. J. Zool. - Volume 123 (1993) - issue 2 - pages 159-163 - Brussels 1993 Manuscript received on 25 June 1993 NOTES ON THE ABERRANT VENOM GLAND MORPHOLOGY OF SOME AUSTRALIAN DOLICHODERINE AND MYRMICINE ANTS (HYMENOPTERA, FORMICIDAE) by JOHAN BILLEN 1 and ROBERT W. TAYLOR 2 1 Zoological Institute, University of Leuven, Naamsestraat 59, B-3000 Leuven, Belgium 2 Australian National Insect Collection, CSIRO, GPO Box 1700, Canberra ACT 2601, Australia SUMMARY Two Australian species of Dolichoderus Lund, and one of Leptomyrmex Mayr (both sub­ family Dolichoderinae), have venom glands with two long, slender secretory fil aments. In this regard they resemble previously analysed ants of the subfamily Myrmicinae, rather tban other dolichoderines. Alternatively, four Meranoplus Smith species (subfamily Myrmicinae) bave short, knob-like filaments, like tbose of previously reported dolicboderines, and unlike otber myrmicines. Features of venom gland morpbology are thus Jess constant or diagnostically reliable for these subfamilies than was previously supposed. Keywords : venom gland, morphology, Dolichoderus, Leptomyrmex, Meranoplus. INTRODUCTION The ant subfamily Dolichoderinae, with its apparent sister-group the Aneuretinae (TRANŒLLO and JAYASURIYA, 1981), is characterized by the distinctive and peculiar configuration of its abdominal exocrine glandular system (BILLEN, 1986). These ants alone have a Pavan's gland, and their pygidial glands are so hypertrophied as to have been previously regarded as separate 'anal glands', which were thought unjquely to characterize them. T he venom gland of these ants has also been considered urnque in possessing two very short knob-bke secretory filaments, whjch is considered to characterize the Dolichoderinae (HôLLDOBLER and WILSON, 1990). Morphological descriptions of the dolichoderine venom gland are available for representatives of the genera Azteca, Bothriomyrmex, Dolichoderus, Iridomyr­ mex, Liometopum and Tapinoma (PAVAN, 1955; PA VAN and RoNCHETTI, 1955 ; BLUM and HERMANN, 1978b ; BILLEN, 1986).
    [Show full text]
  • Immediate Impacts of Invasion by Wasmannia Auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on Native Litter Ant Fauna in a New Caledonian Rainforest
    Austral Ecology (2003) 28, 204–209 Immediate impacts of invasion by Wasmannia auropunctata (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) on native litter ant fauna in a New Caledonian rainforest J. LE BRETON,1,2* J. CHAZEAU1 AND H. JOURDAN1,2 1Laboratoire de Zoologie Appliquée, Centre IRD de Nouméa, B.P. A5, 98948 Nouméa CEDEX, Nouvelle-Calédonie (Email: [email protected]) and 2Laboratoire d’Ecologie Terrestre, Université Toulouse III, Toulouse, France Abstract For the last 30 years, Wasmannia auropunctata (the little fire ant) has spread throughout the Pacific and represents a severe threat to fragile island habitats. This invader has often been described as a disturbance specialist. Here we present data on its spread in a dense native rainforest in New Caledonia. We monitored by pitfall trapping the litter ant fauna along an invasive gradient from the edge to the inner forest in July 1999 and March 2000. When W. auropunctata was present, the abundance and richness of native ants drops dramatically. In invaded plots, W. auropunctata represented more than 92% of all trapped ant fauna. Among the 23 native species described, only four cryptic species survived. Wasmannia auropunctata appears to be a highly competitive ant that dominates the litter by eliminating native ants. Mechanisms involved in this invasive success may include predation as well as competitive interactions (exploitation and interference). The invasive success of W. auropunctata is similar to that of other tramp ants and reinforces the idea of common evolutionary traits leading to higher competitiveness in a new environment. Key words: ant diversity, biological invasion, New Caledonia, Wasmannia auropunctata. INTRODUCTION This small myrmicine, recorded for the first time in New Caledonia in 1972 (Fabres & Brown 1978), has In the Pacific area, New Caledonia is recognized as a now invaded a wide array of habitats on the main unique biodiversity hot spot (Myers et al.
    [Show full text]
  • Queen Ant Wildlife Trade Operation Proposal
    Queen Ant Wildlife Trade Operation Proposal 1.1 & 1.2 Scientific and Common Names This proposal outlines the harvest of live queen ant species included in Attachment A. The list includes an annual quota that will not be exceeded. 1.3 Location of harvest The location of harvest will be as follows: ● 20 acres near Panton Hill 3759, Victoria; ● 20 acres near Macs Cove 3723, Victoria. 1.4 Description of what is being harvested The harvest is of newly mated live adult queen ants of differing species outlined in Attachment A. The applicant will seek further approval for the collection of any ant species not listed within Attachment A if the need arises. We will also maintain an ant collection catalogue for identification purposes of all queen ants collected and that are to be exported. The identification of all queen ant specimens will be primarily done by the applicant in conjunction with a qualified professional in the field of Invertebrate Ecology and Conservation Biology capable of identifying ant species, if clarification is required. The applicant has also been identifying ants from within our collection areas for several years and by using online tools such as antweb.org and other published keys, such as K.Ogata & R.W.Taylor’s keys to Myrmecia, A.McArthur’s keys to Camponotus, and A.Lucky & P.S.Ward’s keys to Leptomyrmex as an example, has become exceptional at identifying the ants from our region. 1.5 Is the species protected under State or Federal legislation? Victoria does not protect non-listed invertebrates and therefore these species are unprotected under Victorian legislation.
    [Show full text]
  • Taxonomic Revision of the Ant Genus Leptomyrmex Mayr
    Table of contents Abstract . 3 Introduction . 4 Materials and Methods . 5 LEPTOMYRMEX Mayr 1862 . 8 Synonymic list of extant species of macro-Leptomyrmex . 8 Description of the worker caste . 9 Description of queen . 14 Description of male . 14 Keys to the worker caste . 18 KEY TO AUSTRALIAN LEPTOMYRMEX WORKERS . 18 KEY TO NEW GUINEA LEPTOMYRMEX WORKERS . 22 KEY TO NEW CALEDONIAN LEPTOMYRMEX WORKERS . 23 Keys to males . 23 KEY TO AUSTRALIAN LEPTOMYRMEX MALES . 23 KEY TO NEW GUINEA LEPTOMYRMEX MALES . 24 Species accounts . 25 The macro-Leptomyrmex species . 26 Leptomyrmex cnemidatus Wheeler, stat. nov.. 26 Leptomyrmex darlingtoni Wheeler . 29 Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus (Fabricius) . 30 Leptomyrmex flavitarsus (F. Smith) . 33 Leptomyrmex fragilis F. Smith . 34 Leptomyrmex geniculatus Emery, stat. nov. 36 Leptomyrmex melanoticus Wheeler, stat. nov. 38 Leptomyrmex mjobergi Forel . 39 Leptomyrmex niger Emery . 40 Leptomyrmex nigriceps Emery, stat. nov. 42 Leptomyrmex nigriventris (Guérin 1831) . 42 Leptomyrmex pallens Emery . 44 Leptomyrmex puberulus Wheeler . 45 Leptomyrmex rothneyi Forel, stat. nov. 47 Leptomyrmex ruficeps Emery, stat. nov. 48 Leptomyrmex rufipes Emery, stat. nov. 50 Leptomyrmex rufithorax Forel, stat. nov. 53 Leptomyrmex tibialis Emery, stat. nov.. 55 Leptomyrmex unicolor Emery . 56 Leptomyrmex varians Emery . 58 Leptomyrmex wiburdi Wheeler . 60 † Leptomyrmex neotropicus Baroni Urbani . 62 Micro-Leptomyrmex . 62 General comments . 63 Conclusion . 63 Acknowledgements . 63 References . 66 Abstract The ants of the genus Leptomyrmex (Hymenoptera: Formicidae), commonly called ‘spider ants’, are distinctive members of the ant subfamily Dolichoderinae and prominent residents of intact wet forest and sclerophyll habitats in eastern Aus- tralia, New Caledonia and New Guinea. This revision redresses pervasive taxonomic problems in this genus by using a combination of morphology and molecular data to define species boundaries and clarify nomenclature.
    [Show full text]
  • Download PDF File
    ISSN 1997-3500 Myrmecological News myrmecologicalnews.org Myrmecol. News 30: 27-52 doi: 10.25849/myrmecol.news_030:027 16 January 2020 Original Article Unveiling the morphology of the Oriental rare monotypic ant genus Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008 (Hymeno ptera: Formicidae: Leptanillinae) and its evolutionary implications, with first descriptions of the male, larva, tentorium, and sting apparatus Aiki Yamada, Dai D. Nguyen, & Katsuyuki Eguchi Abstract The monotypic genus Opamyrma Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008 (Hymeno ptera, Formicidae, Leptanillinae) is an ex- tremely rare relictual lineage of apparently subterranean ants, so far known only from a few specimens of the worker and queen from Ha Tinh in Vietnam and Hainan in China. The phylogenetic position of the genus had been uncertain until recent molecular phylogenetic studies strongly supported the genus to be the most basal lineage in the cryptic subterranean subfamily Leptanillinae. In the present study, we examine the morphology of the worker, queen, male, and larva of the only species in the genus, Opamyrma hungvuong Yamane, Bui & Eguchi, 2008, based on colonies newly collected from Guangxi in China and Son La in Vietnam, and provide descriptions and illustrations of the male, larva, and some body parts of the worker and queen (including mouthparts, tentorium, and sting apparatus) for the first time. The novel morphological data, particularly from the male, larva, and sting apparatus, support the current phylogenetic position of the genus as the most basal leptanilline lineage. Moreover, we suggest that the loss of lancet valves in the fully functional sting apparatus with accompanying shift of the venom ejecting mechanism may be a non-homoplastic synapomorphy for the Leptanillinae within the Formicidae.
    [Show full text]
  • Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Along an Elevational Gradient at Eungella in the Clarke Range, Central Queensland Coast, Australia
    RAINFOREST ANTS (HYMENOPTERA: FORMICIDAE) ALONG AN ELEVATIONAL GRADIENT AT EUNGELLA IN THE CLARKE RANGE, CENTRAL QUEENSLAND COAST, AUSTRALIA BURWELL, C. J.1,2 & NAKAMURA, A.1,3 Here we provide a faunistic overview of the rainforest ant fauna of the Eungella region, located in the southern part of the Clarke Range in the Central Queensland Coast, Australia, based on systematic surveys spanning an elevational gradient from 200 to 1200 m asl. Ants were collected from a total of 34 sites located within bands of elevation of approximately 200, 400, 600, 800, 1000 and 1200 m asl. Surveys were conducted in March 2013 (20 sites), November 2013 and March–April 2014 (24 sites each), and ants were sampled using five methods: pitfall traps, leaf litter extracts, Malaise traps, spray- ing tree trunks with pyrethroid insecticide, and timed bouts of hand collecting during the day. In total we recorded 142 ant species (described species and morphospecies) from our systematic sampling and observed an additional species, the green tree ant Oecophylla smaragdina, at the lowest eleva- tions but not on our survey sites. With the caveat of less sampling intensity at the lowest and highest elevations, species richness peaked at 600 m asl (89 species), declined monotonically with increasing and decreasing elevation, and was lowest at 1200 m asl (33 spp.). Ant species composition progres- sively changed with increasing elevation, but there appeared to be two gradients of change, one from 200–600 m asl and another from 800 to 1200 m asl. Differences between the lowland and upland faunas may be driven in part by a greater representation of tropical and arboreal-nesting sp ecies in the lowlands and a greater representation of subtropical species in the highlands.
    [Show full text]
  • Fossil Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): Ancient Diversity and the Rise of Modern Lineages
    Myrmecological News 24 1-30 Vienna, March 2017 Fossil ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae): ancient diversity and the rise of modern lineages Phillip BARDEN Abstract The ant fossil record is summarized with special reference to the earliest ants, first occurrences of modern lineages, and the utility of paleontological data in reconstructing evolutionary history. During the Cretaceous, from approximately 100 to 78 million years ago, only two species are definitively assignable to extant subfamilies – all putative crown group ants from this period are discussed. Among the earliest ants known are unexpectedly diverse and highly social stem- group lineages, however these stem ants do not persist into the Cenozoic. Following the Cretaceous-Paleogene boun- dary, all well preserved ants are assignable to crown Formicidae; the appearance of crown ants in the fossil record is summarized at the subfamilial and generic level. Generally, the taxonomic composition of Cenozoic ant fossil communi- ties mirrors Recent ecosystems with the "big four" subfamilies Dolichoderinae, Formicinae, Myrmicinae, and Ponerinae comprising most faunal abundance. As reviewed by other authors, ants increase in abundance dramatically from the Eocene through the Miocene. Proximate drivers relating to the "rise of the ants" are discussed, as the majority of this increase is due to a handful of highly dominant species. In addition, instances of congruence and conflict with molecular- based divergence estimates are noted, and distinct "ghost" lineages are interpreted. The ant fossil record is a valuable resource comparable to other groups with extensive fossil species: There are approximately as many described fossil ant species as there are fossil dinosaurs. The incorporation of paleontological data into neontological inquiries can only seek to improve the accuracy and scale of generated hypotheses.
    [Show full text]
  • Description of a New Genus of Primitive Ants from Canadian Amber
    University of Nebraska - Lincoln DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Insecta Mundi Florida 8-11-2017 Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Leonid H. Borysenko Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes, [email protected] Follow this and additional works at: http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi Part of the Ecology and Evolutionary Biology Commons, and the Entomology Commons Borysenko, Leonid H., "Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)" (2017). Insecta Mundi. 1067. http://digitalcommons.unl.edu/insectamundi/1067 This Article is brought to you for free and open access by the Center for Systematic Entomology, Gainesville, Florida at DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. It has been accepted for inclusion in Insecta Mundi by an authorized administrator of DigitalCommons@University of Nebraska - Lincoln. INSECTA MUNDI A Journal of World Insect Systematics 0570 Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Leonid H. Borysenko Canadian National Collection of Insects, Arachnids and Nematodes AAFC, K.W. Neatby Building 960 Carling Ave., Ottawa, K1A 0C6, Canada Date of Issue: August 11, 2017 CENTER FOR SYSTEMATIC ENTOMOLOGY, INC., Gainesville, FL Leonid H. Borysenko Description of a new genus of primitive ants from Canadian amber, with the study of relationships between stem- and crown-group ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Insecta Mundi 0570: 1–57 ZooBank Registered: urn:lsid:zoobank.org:pub:C6CCDDD5-9D09-4E8B-B056-A8095AA1367D Published in 2017 by Center for Systematic Entomology, Inc.
    [Show full text]
  • LEPTOMYRMEX Aitchisoni
    LEPTOMYRMEX aitchisoni. Leptomyrmex aitchisoni Smith, D.J. & Shattuck, 2009: 59, figs. 1-3, 19-21 (w.) AUSTRALIA (New South Wales, Queensland). angusticeps. Leptomyrmex varians st. angusticeps Santschi, 1929f: 93, fig. 3 (m.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland). Subspecies of varians: Taylor & Brown, 1985: 105; Taylor, 1987a: 36; Shattuck, 1994: 120; Bolton, 1995b: 234. Junior synonym of varians: Lucky & Ward, 2010: 58. basirufus. Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus subsp. basirufus Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 90 (w.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland). Subspecies of erythrocephalus: Taylor & Brown, 1985: 104; Taylor, 1987a: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 234. Subspecies of darlingtoni: Shattuck, 1994: 116. Junior synonym of rufithorax: Lucky & Ward, 2010: 53. brunneiceps. Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus subsp. brunneiceps Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 88 (w.) AUSTRALIA (New South Wales). Subspecies of erythrocephalus: Taylor & Brown, 1985: 104; Taylor, 1987a: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 234. Subspecies of darlingtoni: Shattuck, 1994: 116. Junior synonym of cnemidatus: Lucky & Ward, 2010: 26. burwelli. Leptomyrmex burwelli Smith, D.J. & Shattuck, 2009: 60, figs. 4-6, 19-21 (w.q.m.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland, New South Wales). clarki. Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus subsp. clarki Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 117 (w.) AUSTRALIA (Queensland). Subspecies of erythrocephalus: Taylor & Brown, 1985: 104; Taylor, 1987a: 35; Bolton, 1995b: 234. Subspecies of darlingtoni: Shattuck, 1994: 116. Junior synonym of erythrocephalus: Lucky & Ward, 2010: 30. cnemidatus. Leptomyrmex erythrocephalus var. cnemidatus Wheeler, W.M. 1915d: 268 (w.) AUSTRALIA (New South Wales). Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 92 (m.). Subspecies of erythrocephalus: Wheeler, W.M. 1934c: 92; Taylor & Brown, 1985: 104; Taylor, 1987a: 35; Shattuck, 1994: 116; Bolton, 1995b: 234. Status as species: Lucky & Ward, 2010: 26 (redescription). Senior synonym of brunneiceps: Lucky & Ward, 2010: 26.
    [Show full text]
  • Title Evolutionary History of a Global Invasive Ant, Paratrechina
    Evolutionary history of a global invasive ant, Paratrechina Title longicornis( Dissertation_全文 ) Author(s) Tseng, Shu-Ping Citation 京都大学 Issue Date 2020-03-23 URL https://doi.org/10.14989/doctor.k22480 許諾条件により本文は2021-02-01に公開; 1. Tseng, Shu- Ping, et al. "Genetic diversity and Wolbachia infection patterns in a globally distributed invasive ant." Frontiers in genetics 10 (2019): 838. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2019.00838 (The final publication is available at Frontier in genetics via https://www.frontiersin.org/article/10.3389/fgene.2019.00838/f ull) 2. Tseng, Shu-Ping, et al. "Isolation and characterization of novel microsatellite markers for a globally distributed invasive Right ant Paratrechina longicornis (Hymenoptera: Formicidae)." European Journal of Entomology 116 (2019): 253-257. doi: 10.14411/eje.2019.029 (The final publication is available at European Journal of Entomology via https://www.eje.cz/artkey/eje-201901- 0029_isolation_and_characterization_of_novel_microsatellite_ markers_for_a_globally_distributed_invasive_ant_paratrec.php ) Type Thesis or Dissertation Textversion ETD Kyoto University Evolutionary history of a global invasive ant, Paratrechina longicornis Shu-Ping Tseng 2020 Contents Chapter 1 General introduction ...................................................................................... 1 1.1 Invasion history of Paratrechina longicornis is largely unknown ............... 1 1.2 Wolbachia infection in Paratrechina longicornis ......................................... 2 1.3 Unique reproduction mode in Paratrechina
    [Show full text]
  • Where Fossils Dare and Males Matter: Combined Morphological
    CSIRO PUBLISHING Invertebrate Systematics, 2017, 31, 765–780 http://dx.doi.org/10.1071/IS16067 Where Fossils Dare and Males Matter: combined morphological and molecular analysis untangles the evolutionary history of the spider ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr (Hymenoptera : Dolichoderinae) Phillip Barden A,B,E, Brendon Boudinot C and Andrea Lucky D ADepartment of Biological Sciences, Rutgers University, Newark, NJ 07102, USA. BRichard Gilder Graduate School, American Museum of Natural History, New York, NY 10024, USA. CDepartment of Entomology and Center for Population Biology, University of California, Davis, CA 95616, USA. DEntomology and Nematology Department, University of Florida, Gainesville, FL 32611, USA. ECorresponding author. Present address: Department of Biological Sciences, New Jersey Institute of Technology, Newark, NJ, USA. Email: [email protected] Abstract. The distinctive ant genus Leptomyrmex Mayr, 1862 had been thought to be endemic to Australasia for over 150 years, but enigmatic Neotropical fossils have challenged this view for decades. The present study responds to a recent and surprising discovery of extant Leptomyrmex species in Brazil with a thorough evaluation of the Dominican Republic fossil material, which dates to the Miocene. In the first case study of direct fossil inclusion within Formicidae Latreille, 1809, we incorporated both living and the extinct Leptomyrmex species. Through simultaneous analysis of molecular and morphological characters in both Bayesian and parsimony frameworks, we recovered the fossil taxon as sister-group to extant Leptomyrmex in Brazil while considering the influence of taxonomic and character sampling on inferred hypotheses relating to tree topology, biogeography and morphological evolution. We also identified potential loss of signal in the binning of morphological characters and tested the impact of parameterisation on divergence date estimation.
    [Show full text]
  • The Evolution of Foraging Behavior in Ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 351-363 77 (2): 351 – 363 2019
    ZOBODAT - www.zobodat.at Zoologisch-Botanische Datenbank/Zoological-Botanical Database Digitale Literatur/Digital Literature Zeitschrift/Journal: Arthropod Systematics and Phylogeny Jahr/Year: 2019 Band/Volume: 77 Autor(en)/Author(s): Reeves Destiny D., Moreau Corrie S. Artikel/Article: The evolution of foraging behavior in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) 351-363 77 (2): 351 – 363 2019 © Senckenberg Gesellschaft für Naturforschung, 2019. The evolution of foraging behavior in ants (Hymenoptera: Formicidae) Destiny D. Reeves *, 1 & Corrie S. Moreau 2 1 Field Museum of Natural History, Department of Science and Education, Integrative Research Center, Chicago, IL, 60605, USA; Destiny D. Reeves * [[email protected]] — 2 Cornell University, Departments of Entomology and Ecology & Evolutionary Biology, Ithaca, NY, 14850, USA; Corrie S. Moreau [[email protected]] — * Corresponding author Accepted on July 15, 2019. Published online at www.senckenberg.de/arthropod-systematics on September 17, 2019. Published in print on September 27, 2019. Editors in charge: Rudolf Meier & Klaus-Dieter Klass. Abstract. Cooperative foraging behavior is a key characteristic of ants. A variety of foraging behaviors are present across this animal family, but little is known of how these behavioral traits evolved and differentiated. In addition, classifcation of these foraging behaviors has been inconsistent across the literature. Using four classifcation methods, we infer the ancestral foraging states across the Formicidae, as well as test the transitions between and resulting speciation due to foraging behavior. Our study reinforces the hypothesis that solitary foraging behaviors are ancestral to cooperative foraging behaviors, with strong support for solitary foraging at the root of the phylogeny. We fnd that cooperative foraging behaviors rarely revert to solitary, and that cooperative behaviors do not often transition between one another.
    [Show full text]