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Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar
The Red List of Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar Emily Beech, Malin Rivers, Sylvie Andriambololonera, Faranirina Lantoarisoa, Helene Ralimanana, Solofo Rakotoarisoa, Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet & Vololoniaina Jeannoda Published by Botanic Gardens Conservation International Descanso House, 199 Kew Road, Richmond, Surrey, TW9 3BW, UK. © 2020 Botanic Gardens Conservation International ISBN-10: 978-1-905164-75-2 ISBN-13: 978-1-905164-75-2 Reproduction of any part of the publication for educational, conservation and other non-profit purposes is authorized without prior permission from the copyright holder, provided that the source is fully acknowledged. Reproduction for resale or other commercial purposes is prohibited without prior written permission from the copyright holder. Recommended citation: Beech, E., Rivers, M., Andriambololonera, S., Lantoarisoa, F., Ralimanana, H., Rakotoarisoa, S., Ramarosandratana, A.V., Barstow, M., Davies, K., Hills, BOTANIC GARDENS CONSERVATION INTERNATIONAL (BGCI) R., Marfleet, K. and Jeannoda, V. (2020). Red List of is the world’s largest plant conservation network, comprising more than Dry Forest Trees of Madagascar. BGCI. Richmond, UK. 500 botanic gardens in over 100 countries, and provides the secretariat to AUTHORS the IUCN/SSC Global Tree Specialist Group. BGCI was established in 1987 Sylvie Andriambololonera and and is a registered charity with offices in the UK, US, China and Kenya. Faranirina Lantoarisoa: Missouri Botanical Garden Madagascar Program Helene Ralimanana and Solofo Rakotoarisoa: Kew Madagascar Conservation Centre Aro Vonjy Ramarosandratana: University of Antananarivo (Plant Biology and Ecology Department) THE IUCN/SSC GLOBAL TREE SPECIALIST GROUP (GTSG) forms part of the Species Survival Commission’s network of over 7,000 Emily Beech, Megan Barstow, Katharine Davies, Ryan Hills, Kate Marfleet and Malin Rivers: BGCI volunteers working to stop the loss of plants, animals and their habitats. -
Bark Medicines Used in Traditional Healthcare in Kwazulu-Natal, South Africa: an Inventory
View metadata, citation and similar papers at core.ac.uk brought to you by CORE provided by Elsevier - Publisher Connector South African Journal of Botany 2003, 69(3): 301–363 Copyright © NISC Pty Ltd Printed in South Africa — All rights reserved SOUTH AFRICAN JOURNAL OF BOTANY ISSN 0254–6299 Bark medicines used in traditional healthcare in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa: An inventory OM Grace1, HDV Prendergast2, AK Jäger3 and J van Staden1* 1 Research Centre for Plant Growth and Development, School of Botany and Zoology, University of Natal Pietermaritzburg, Private Bag X01, Scottsville 3209, South Africa 2 Centre for Economic Botany, Royal Botanic Gardens, Kew, Richmond, Surrey TW9 3AE, United Kingdom 3 Department of Medicinal Chemistry, Royal Danish School of Pharmacy, 2 Universitetsparken, 2100 Copenhagen 0, Denmark * Corresponding author, e-mail: [email protected] Received 13 June 2002, accepted in revised form 14 March 2003 Bark is an important source of medicine in South Overlapping vernacular names recorded in the literature African traditional healthcare but is poorly documented. indicated that it may be unreliable in local plant identifi- From thorough surveys of the popular ethnobotanical cations. Most (43%) bark medicines were documented literature, and other less widely available sources, 174 for the treatment of internal ailments. Sixteen percent of species (spanning 108 genera and 50 families) used for species were classed in threatened conservation cate- their bark in KwaZulu-Natal, were inventoried. gories, but conservation and management data were Vernacular names, morphological and phytochemical limited or absent from a further 62%. There is a need for properties, usage and conservation data were captured research and specialist publications to address the in a database that aimed to synthesise published infor- gaps in existing knowledge of medicinal bark species mation of such species. -
CITES Cop16 Prop. 51 IUCN-TRAFFIC Analysis (PDF
Ref. CoP16 Prop. 51 Inclusion of Operculicarya decaryi in Appendix II Proponent: Madagascar Summary: Operculicarya decaryi sometimes known as jabihy is a deciduous thick-stemmed (pachycaul) tree endemic to Madagascar which can grow up to nine metres tall. It is one of eight species in the genus Operculicarya, seven of which are endemic to Madagascar, with the eighth (O. gummifera) occurring in Madagascar and the Comoros. It is widespread in thorny scrub and degraded semi-deciduous forest at low altitude in southern Madagascar, within an overall area of some 90 000 km2 and an area of occupancy of at least 3000 km2, with at least 30 subpopulations within this area. The species can be locally abundant, with an estimate of over 30 000 individuals within one sub-population. The species is present in at least three protected areas (Cap Sainte Marie Special Reserve and Andohahela and Tsimananpetsotsa National Parks).O. decaryi is cultivated as an ornamental plant due to its bonsai form, particularly in China. Wild collection has reportedly taken place. Exports from Madagascar, apparently mostly of small plants is recorded as having taken place. Some 3400 plants were recorded by the CITES Management Authority of Madagascar as exported in the period 2003-2006, most (around 2700) in 2006. Exports have not been reported since then. The species is reported to be straightforward to propagate. In China recent trade is said to be largely or entirely in cultivated plants. The species has reportedly been in cultivation in China for some time, so that large, mature plants may be available from artificially propagated material. -
Anacardiaceae)
73 Vol. 45, N. 1 : pp. 73 - 79, March, 2002 ISSN 1516-8913 Printed in Brazil BRAZILIAN ARCHIVES OF BIOLOGY AND TECHNOLOGY AN INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL Ontogeny and Structure of the Pericarp of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi (Anacardiaceae) Sandra Maria Carmello-Guerreiro1∗ and Adelita A. Sartori Paoli2 1Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biologia, Universidade Estadual de Campinas, Caixa Postal 6109, CEP: 13083-970, Campinas, SP, Brasil; 2Departamento de Botânica, Instituto de Biociências, Universidade Estadual Paulista, Caixa Postal 199, CEP: 13506-900, Rio Claro - SP, Brasil ABSTRACT The fruit of Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi is a globose red drupe with friable exocarp when ripe and composed of two lignified layers: the epidermis and hypodermis. The mesocarp is parenchymatous with large secretory ducts associated with vascular bundles. In the mesocarp two regions are observed: an outer region composed of only parenchymatous cells and an inner region, bounded by one or more layers of druse-like crystals of calcium oxalate, composed of parenchymatous cells, secretory ducts and vascular bundles. The mesocarp detaches itself from the exocarp due to degeneration of the cellular layers in contact with the hypodermis. The lignified endocarp is composed of four layers: the outermost layer of polyhedral cells with prismatic crystals of calcium oxalate, and the three innermost layers of sclereids in palisade. Ke y words: Anacardiaceae; Schinus terebinthifolius; pericarp; anatomy; pericarpo; anatomia INTRODUCTION significance particularly at a generic level. However, further ontogenic studies of the Schinus terebinthifolius Raddi, also known as the Anacardiaceae family are necessary to compare Brazilian Pepper Tree, belongs to the tribe the homologous structures in the various taxa (Von Rhoideae (Rhoeae) of the Anacardiaceae family. -
Operculicarya Decaryi (°) Noms Communs : Faux-Poivrier Du Japon
Fiche présentation arbre : Operculicarya decaryi (°) Statut IUCN : R.A.S. (!). H.Perrier (°) Nom scientifique. Vulnérable ou ↑ Utilisations Auteur © Benjamin Lisan Nom s commun s : faux -poivrier du Japon (Français). Elephant Tree (Anglais) (Source : http://davesgarden.com/guides/pf/go/63527 ). Nom s vernaculaire s : jabih y, tabihy (Madagascar). Synonyme (s) : Distribution, r épartition et régions géographique s : Endémique à Madagascar. Forêts sèches du Sud-ouest de Madagascar (mais dans des lieux où il y a de l’eau). Operculicarya decaryi est une espèce endémique qui est largement distribué dans la province de Toliara à partir de Tongobory Betioky à Amboasary Sud. Source : http://www.cites.org/eng/cop/15/prop/E-15-Prop-22.pdf Certaines populations de cette espèce peuvent être trouvées dans le Parc National d'Andohahela et dans la réserve spéciale du Cap Sainte Marie. Arbres. Source : Distribution d’Operculicarya decaryi (au Sud de Madagascar). www.bihrmann.com/travel/mad/caudi/slides/Opercul Source : Proposition d’intégration de l’espèce Operculicarya decaryi [ . ] dans icarya-decaryi-4234.asp l’Annexe II de la CITES. Voir partie Bibliographie . Latitudes géographiques (°N/ °S): Fourchette d’altitudes : 50 -600 m (Source : idem. Voir ci -avant). Origine : Madagascar Régions d'introduction connues : Classification classique Classification phylogénétique Caractéristiques physiques / dimensions Règne : Plantae Clade : Hauteur maxim ale arbre : 8-9m Sous -règne : Clade : Hauteur maximale tronc : ? Division : Magnoliophyta Clade : ∅∅∅ adulte à hauteur d’homme (1,3m) : 100 cm Classe : Magnoliopsida Clade : Densité : ~ kg/m3 (à ans et à % humidité ) Sous -classe : Clade : Pouvoir ca lorifique : kcal/kg Ordre : Sapindales Ordre : Durée de vie : Famille : Anacardiaceae Famille : Genre : Operculicarya Sous -famille : Tribu : Nom binominal : Operculicarya Espèce : Groupe : Feuillu / Conifère. -
(SPONDIAS L., ANACARDIACEAE, ANGIOSPERMAE) Ricard
Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA DOS CAJÁS (SPONDIAS L., ANACARDIACEAE, ANGIOSPERMAE) Ricardo da Silva Gonçalves 2013 Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva I Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA DOS CAJÁS (SPONDIAS L., ANACARDIACEAE, ANGIOSPERMAE) Ricardo da Silva Gonçalves Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva. Orientador: Prof.ª Dra. Cássia Mônica Sakuragui Rio de Janeiro Março de 2013. II SISTEMÁTICA FILOGENÉTICA DOS CAJÁS (SPONDIAS L., ANACARDIACEAE, ANGIOSPERMAE) Ricardo da Silva Gonçalves Orientador: Prof.ª Dra. Cássia Mônica Sakuragui Dissertação de Mestrado apresentada ao Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, Instituto de Biologia da Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, como parte dos requisitos necessários à obtenção do título de Mestre em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva. ___________________________________ Presidente, Prof. Dr. Tânia Wendt ______________________________ Prof.Dr. Rafaela Campostrini Forzza ______________________________ Prof. Dr. Vidal de Freitas Mansano Rio de Janeiro Março de 2013 III FICHA CATALOGRÁFICA Gonçalves, Ricardo da Silva Sistemática filogenética dos Cajás (Spondias L., Anacardiaceae, Angiospermae)/ Ricardo da Silva Gonçalves- Rio de Janeiro:UFRJ/ Instituto de Biologia, 2013. v, 61f.: il. Orientadora: Cássia Mônica Sakuragui Dissertação (mestrado) – UFRJ/ Instituto de Biologia / Programa de Pós- graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva, 2013. Referências Bibliográficas: f. 42-49. 1. Híbrido 1. 2. Spondias 3.Biodiversidade. 4. Evolução. I. Gonçalves, Ricardo da Silva. II. Universidade Federal do Rio de Janeiro, Instituto de Biologia / Programa de Pós-graduação em Biodiversidade e Biologia Evolutiva. -
Diversidad Genética Y Relaciones Filogenéticas De Orthopterygium Huaucui (A
UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS E.A.P. DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS Diversidad genética y relaciones filogenéticas de Orthopterygium Huaucui (A. Gray) Hemsley, una Anacardiaceae endémica de la vertiente occidental de la Cordillera de los Andes TESIS Para optar el Título Profesional de Biólogo con mención en Botánica AUTOR Víctor Alberto Jiménez Vásquez Lima – Perú 2014 UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL MAYOR DE SAN MARCOS (Universidad del Perú, Decana de América) FACULTAD DE CIENCIAS BIOLÓGICAS ESCUELA ACADEMICO PROFESIONAL DE CIENCIAS BIOLOGICAS DIVERSIDAD GENÉTICA Y RELACIONES FILOGENÉTICAS DE ORTHOPTERYGIUM HUAUCUI (A. GRAY) HEMSLEY, UNA ANACARDIACEAE ENDÉMICA DE LA VERTIENTE OCCIDENTAL DE LA CORDILLERA DE LOS ANDES Tesis para optar al título profesional de Biólogo con mención en Botánica Bach. VICTOR ALBERTO JIMÉNEZ VÁSQUEZ Asesor: Dra. RINA LASTENIA RAMIREZ MESÍAS Lima – Perú 2014 … La batalla de la vida no siempre la gana el hombre más fuerte o el más ligero, porque tarde o temprano el hombre que gana es aquél que cree poder hacerlo. Christian Barnard (Médico sudafricano, realizó el primer transplante de corazón) Agradecimientos Para María Julia y Alberto, mis principales guías y amigos en esta travesía de más de 25 años, pasando por legos desgastados, lápices rotos, microscopios de juguete y análisis de ADN. Gracias por ayudarme a ver el camino. Para mis hermanos Verónica y Jesús, por conformar este inquebrantable equipo, muchas gracias. Seguiremos creciendo juntos. A mi asesora, Dra. Rina Ramírez, mi guía académica imprescindible en el desarrollo de esta investigación, gracias por sus lecciones, críticas y paciencia durante estos últimos cuatro años. A la Dra. Blanca León, gestora de la maravillosa idea de estudiar a las plantas endémicas del Perú y conocer los orígenes de la biodiversidad vegetal peruana. -
Cytotoxic, Antimicrobial, Antioxidant, Antilipoxygenase
South African Journal of Botany 95 (2014) 9–18 Contents lists available at ScienceDirect South African Journal of Botany journal homepage: www.elsevier.com/locate/sajb Cytotoxic, antimicrobial, antioxidant, antilipoxygenase activities and phenolic composition of Ozoroa and Searsia species (Anacardiaceae) used in South African traditional medicine for treating diarrhoea Aroke S. Ahmed a,b,⁎,LyndyJ.McGawa, Nivan Moodley c, Vinasan Naidoo a, Jacobus N. Eloff a a Phytomedicine programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa b Federal Institute of Industrial Research, Oshodi, PMB 21023, Ikeja, Lagos, Nigeria c Biosciences, Council for Scientific and Industrial Research, P.O. Box 395, Pretoria 0001, South Africa article info abstract Article history: The safety and effectiveness of many of the medicinal plants used in traditional medicine by rural people with Received 15 November 2013 little or no access to allopathic drugs is yet to be evaluated. With this in mind, Ozoroa and Searsia (previously Received in revised form 27 June 2014 known as Rhus) species traditionally used in South Africa to treat microbial infections and gastrointestinal Accepted 29 July 2014 disorders were selected for in vitro evaluation of biological activities and cytotoxicity. Available online xxxx Phenolic-enriched leaf extracts were prepared using mixture of 1% HCl acidified 70% acetone and n-hexane. The Edited by J Van Staden crude extract was further fractionated with solvent of different polarities. Crude extracts and fractions were test- ed against Staphylococcus aureus, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli, Enterococcus faecalis, Aspergillus Keywords: fumigatus, Candida albicans and Cryptococcus neoformans. -
Antimycobacterial Activity and Low Cytotoxicity of Leaf Extracts of Some African
Antimycobacterial activity and low cytotoxicity of leaf extracts of some African Anacardiaceae tree species. Short Title: Antimycobacterial and cytotoxicity of Anacardiaceae tree species Prudence N. Kabongo-Kayoka1,2, Jacobus N. Eloff2, Chikwelu L. Obi3, Lyndy J. McGaw2 1Department of Agriculture and Animal Health, College of Agriculture and Environmental Sciences, University of South Africa, Private Bag X 6, Florida 1710, South Africa; [email protected] 2Phytomedicine Programme, Department of Paraclinical Sciences, Faculty of Veterinary Science, University of Pretoria, Private Bag X04, Onderstepoort 0110, South Africa 3Division of Academic Affairs, University of Fort Hare, Alice 5700, South Africa *Corresponding author. E-mail address: [email protected] (P.N. Kabongo-Kayoka) Treatment of tuberculosis is a challenge due to multi and extremely drug resistant strains of Mycobacterium tuberculosis. Plant species contain antimicrobial compounds that may lead to new anti-TB drugs. Previous screening of some tree species from the Anacardiaceae family revealed the presence of antimicrobial activity, justifying further investigations. Leaf extracts of 15 Anacardiaceae tree species were screened for antimycobacterial activity using a twofold serial microdilution assay against the pathogenic Mycobacterium bovis and multidrug resistant M. tuberculosis and rapidly growing mycobacteria, Mycobacterium smegmatis, Mycobacterium fortuitum and Mycobacterium aurum. The vaccine strain, M. bovis and an avirulent strain, H37Ra M. tuberculosis, were also used. Cytotoxicity was assessed using a colorimetric assay against Vero kidney, human hepatoma and murine macrophage cells. Four out of 15 crude acetone extracts showed significant antimycobacterial activity with MIC varying from 50 to 100µg/mL. Searsia undulata had the highest activity against most mycobacteria, followed by Protorhus longifolia. -
SABONET Report No 18
ii Quick Guide This book is divided into two sections: the first part provides descriptions of some common trees and shrubs of Botswana, and the second is the complete checklist. The scientific names of the families, genera, and species are arranged alphabetically. Vernacular names are also arranged alphabetically, starting with Setswana and followed by English. Setswana names are separated by a semi-colon from English names. A glossary at the end of the book defines botanical terms used in the text. Species that are listed in the Red Data List for Botswana are indicated by an ® preceding the name. The letters N, SW, and SE indicate the distribution of the species within Botswana according to the Flora zambesiaca geographical regions. Flora zambesiaca regions used in the checklist. Administrative District FZ geographical region Central District SE & N Chobe District N Ghanzi District SW Kgalagadi District SW Kgatleng District SE Kweneng District SW & SE Ngamiland District N North East District N South East District SE Southern District SW & SE N CHOBE DISTRICT NGAMILAND DISTRICT ZIMBABWE NAMIBIA NORTH EAST DISTRICT CENTRAL DISTRICT GHANZI DISTRICT KWENENG DISTRICT KGATLENG KGALAGADI DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTHERN SOUTH EAST DISTRICT DISTRICT SOUTH AFRICA 0 Kilometres 400 i ii Trees of Botswana: names and distribution Moffat P. Setshogo & Fanie Venter iii Recommended citation format SETSHOGO, M.P. & VENTER, F. 2003. Trees of Botswana: names and distribution. Southern African Botanical Diversity Network Report No. 18. Pretoria. Produced by University of Botswana Herbarium Private Bag UB00704 Gaborone Tel: (267) 355 2602 Fax: (267) 318 5097 E-mail: [email protected] Published by Southern African Botanical Diversity Network (SABONET), c/o National Botanical Institute, Private Bag X101, 0001 Pretoria and University of Botswana Herbarium, Private Bag UB00704, Gaborone. -
The Evolution and Biogeography of Seed Dispersal in Southern African Trees
The evolution and biogeography of seed dispersal in southern African trees Richard Spencer Knight University of Cape Town Thesis presented for the degree of Master of Science University of Cape Town March 1983 The copyright of this thesis vests in the author. No quotation from it or information derived from it is to be published without full acknowledgement of the source. The thesis is to be used for private study or non- commercial research purposes only. Published by the University of Cape Town (UCT) in terms of the non-exclusive license granted to UCT by the author. University of Cape Town THE EVOLUTION AND BIOGEOGRAPHY OF SEED DISPERSAL IN SOUTHERN AFRICAN TREES TABLE OF CONTENTS Page Introduction 2 Part 1. Inter-relationships between type, size and colour of fruits and dispersal in southern African trees 7 Part 2. The biogeography of seed-dispersal in southern African trees 37 Part 3. Quantified hypotheses for describing relationships between fruit morphology in southern Africa trees and environmental elements 69 Part 4. Distribution and evolution of aril bearing trees in southern Africa 88 Part 5. The biogeography and evolution of fruit/frugivore relationships in southern Africa 117 Conclusion 152 Acknowledgements 155 Appendix 1 156 Appendix 2 157 Appendix 3 160 Appendix 4 Knight et al. (1982) Distribution and species richness of trees in southern Africa. Jl S. Afr. Bot. 48 : 455-480. 164 Appendix 5 Notes on the data source and collection 1 91 2 I NTRODUCTI rn~ Many quuntified biocic,ographical analysE:,s have conc,~nt.ra.t<:;d on describing patterns, while the processes t.hat may influence the nature of these patterhs are rarely considered. -
Pachypodium Geayi Is a Species of Pachypodium That Originated in Southwestern Madagascar
ISLAS DE CACTUS AFRICA - AMERICA - MADAGASCAR MADAGASCAR CACTUS ISLAND Deciduous shrub armed with large and strong spines, which is capable of reaching more than 2 m in height. Erect, long and robust stems that sometimes when young twist and develop in a disorderly manner, becoming about to two bulky main stems when the plant is adult. It is characterized by barbs up to 3 cm long, silvery and arranged along and in line, covering the entire plant. Rounded leaves, thick and fleshy, intense green and appearing in a number of between 2-3 units in the same areola. The flowers are grouped into large umbels at the end of the stems, they are very small and yellowish, although it is rare to flower. Scientific name: Alluaudia procera (Drake) Drake Common name: Ocotillo of Madagascar Family: Didiereaceae Order: Caryophyllales Subclass or class: Caryophyllidae Flowering time: Place of origin: Madagascar Location: BOTANIC GARDEN Sector: Crasas Plants Habitat and Cultural Demands ALLUAUDIA PROCERA It needs very sunny exhibitions all year round. Irrigations should be measured, waiting for the substrate to dry before watering again. In winter you don't have to water it. It should be borne in mind that in its natural habitat rains occur sparsely and rarely. Uses It is grown in gardens in isolation. Its striking staff and the thorns that are arranged along its stem attract the attention of visitors to these gardens. Observations You have to be very careful in your handling for its impressive spikes, which can really do a lot of damage. Synonyms: Didierea procera Drake.